CN101022770A - 人造脊椎盘 - Google Patents

人造脊椎盘 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101022770A
CN101022770A CNA2005800285062A CN200580028506A CN101022770A CN 101022770 A CN101022770 A CN 101022770A CN A2005800285062 A CNA2005800285062 A CN A2005800285062A CN 200580028506 A CN200580028506 A CN 200580028506A CN 101022770 A CN101022770 A CN 101022770A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
nuclear
end plate
nucleome
breasting face
nuclear according
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Granted
Application number
CNA2005800285062A
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CN101022770B (zh
Inventor
N·杜加尔
L·雷蒙
D·R·贝克
R·康塔
C·A·塔勒
D·T·斯廷森
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Synergy Spine Solutions Inc
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Synergy Disc Replacement Inc
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Publication of CN101022770A publication Critical patent/CN101022770A/zh
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00005The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
    • A61F2310/00179Ceramics or ceramic-like structures
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00389The prosthesis being coated or covered with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00395Coating or prosthesis-covering structure made of metals or of alloys
    • A61F2310/00407Coating made of titanium or of Ti-based alloys
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00389The prosthesis being coated or covered with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00592Coating or prosthesis-covering structure made of ceramics or of ceramic-like compounds
    • A61F2310/00796Coating or prosthesis-covering structure made of a phosphorus-containing compound, e.g. hydroxy(l)apatite

Abstract

本发明提供了人造盘假体。本发明的该假体使得脊椎节可通过具有贯穿其表面的可变高度来对准。该可变高度由不对称的人造核或由至少一个可变高度的端板来实现。

Description

人造脊椎盘
技术领域
本发明涉及利用人造脊椎盘替代物来治疗盘疾病和脊椎变形的方法和装置。
背景技术
脊椎关节成形术是正在形成的提供承诺修复和/或维护正常脊椎运动的领域。脊椎关节成形术的目标是通过在手术层面上维持正常脊椎的生物力学性能来减少或消除相邻节疾病(ASD)。为实现这个目标,人造颈修复术必须尽可能接近地复制自然脊椎的生物力学性能,包括维护盘的轴向高度,以及在整个自然脊柱的全部运动范围内实施角度调整。
脊柱在神经保护、负荷承受和运动里扮演整体角色。椎骨柱为骨骼提供了强度好且可动的中轴,而且椎骨柱由24个椎骨体和75个稳定关节组成。椎间盘是脊椎运动节的基本元件,提供了缓冲和柔性。相邻椎骨通过三个关节连接在一起:a)椎骨体和盘,它们传送压缩负荷和切变负荷并提供柔性,及b)通过两个面接合,其保护盘免受平移的切变应力并且限制旋转。这种“三重接合组合”就允许脊柱弯曲、伸展、侧弯和旋转。
椎间盘由称作果肉状核的凝胶状内基体以及称作纤维环面的外环纤维带构成。当压缩负荷置于脊柱上时,果肉状核里增大的压力传递到环面,其向外凸出。椎间盘的退化性滑落最初包含果肉状核的干燥。随着弹性的降低以及来自于核的潮湿化,增加的负荷传递到环面和小平面。在环面上增加的应力可导致在胶原纤维里出现裂纹和放射状的裂缝。随着进一步退化,这可导致盘的周边凸出,包含和不包含的盘突出,以及盘的完全干燥。退化性滑落可通过刺激环面里的疼痛纤维导致中轴疼痛,或脊椎神经根部和/或脊髓的压缩。这可在手臂或腿或这两者的运动肌虚弱、疼痛和/或麻木中表现出来。
盘的结构和功能可由包括重复应力、创伤、感染、瘤、变形、节的不稳定和炎症条件在内的多种因素而改变。椎间盘的退化是可归因于脊柱的最普遍的临床症状病因。脊柱退化是人类衰老中普遍的伴随现象。由神经根部压缩产生的颈椎、颈和臂的疼痛,估计会影响51%的成年人。脊柱的椎关节硬化和老化密切相关,椎关节硬化伴随着年龄更加流行和严重。幸运的是,大多数患者无需通过手术就会变好。在大约10-15%的病例中,椎关节硬化与持续的神经根部和脊髓压缩和/或脊椎疼痛有关,小部分最终需要手术。
在美国最普遍使用的治疗脊柱退化症(椎关节硬化)的手术类型是脊椎融合术。在介体融合术中,移出病盘并从患者髋部移出楔骨,同种异体移植物或金属隔件置于移出盘的椎骨之间。这样就固定了功能脊椎单元。这种手术可成功地用于消除运动移位,但也有其不利之处。通过将活动的、功能性的脊椎单元转化为固定的、非功能性的脊椎单元,这种融合就导致在相邻于融合节处的水平产生增加的应力分布型式。当脊柱的节被融合,在手术级别的运动移位消除。因此,在手术位置会正常地被盘吸收的应力现在转达移到相邻的节。这可导致一个或几个脊椎单元产生接近感染水平的相邻节疾病(ASD)。ASD可定义为出现在邻近早期融合运动节的症状退化改变的临床综合症。追溯研究估计,ASD能以每年2.9%的速率出现在颈椎处,预估的在幸存率10年为26%(可见Hilibrand AS,CarlsonGD,Palumbo M,Jones PK,Bohlman HH的论文:Radiculopathy andmyelopathy at segments adjacent to the site of a previous anterior cervicalarthrodesis.J Bone Joint Surg(Am)81:519-528,1999年)。
在颈椎中,每年有数以千计的北美人进行颈椎关节硬化的手术。大多数的这些步骤涉及摘除术脊髓和/或神经根部减压的早期的椎间盘摘除术。颈椎关节硬化手术处理中早期的迹象为神经根病、脊髓病和/或颈部疼痛。伴随椎间盘摘除术之后,通常进行早期的介体融合术。从髂骨的嵴或尸骨得到的自体固有的骨最常见用于填充由于移去盘所产生的空隙。还有许多其它的方案被建议过,包括金属装置,例如融合支架或其它类型的隔件、异种移植物,例如牛骨,以及生物学方案,例如生长因素的使用。用于介体融合的移植物可做成用于修正颈椎潜在变形的形状。通过对移植物造型,就可以将脊柱前凸还原为直的或脊柱后凸的脊柱。
最近的脊椎融合的选择是带运动保持装置的损坏盘替代物,其包括核(nucleus)或全盘替代物(TDR)中的一个。人造盘发展的原理是防止相邻节疾病。人造盘装置可在广义地划分为两类,即,仅替代核并保留完整环面和椎骨体端板的那些人造盘装置,以及那些包括盘替代物和假体端板附加物的人造盘装置。这两种方案都是以椎间盘功能的修复为指导。假体的核已作介绍,例如在美国专利No.5,047,055和5,192,326中进行了描述。美国专利申请US2002/0183848也公开了具有由约束套环绕的水凝胶核的假体脊椎盘核。
有一些不同类型的假体装置,可用在为TDR设计的颈部或腰部的脊柱节中。例如,ProdiscTM和ChariteTM盘是带聚乙烯核的钴铬端板的合成物。ProdiscTM在美国专利No.5314477中作了介绍,且ChariteTM盘在美国专利No.5401269和5556431中作了介绍。PrestigeTM盘是另一类型的人造盘,其包括带有球和槽关节的金属设计的金属。另一类型的在颈椎中正在普遍采用的人造盘是Bryan盘,其在几个美国专利申请中都有介绍,包括2004/0098131;2004/00544411;和2002/0128715。Bryan盘为带有低摩擦、耐磨损、弹性核的合成的人造盘,其由两个环状金属板而关节连接起来。
目前,具有至少四个人造颈盘替代物系统正经受世界范围内的临床试验。包括不受限的装置,例如PCM颈盘。这些不受限的装置不具有机械的阻碍来限定其运动的范围。Bryan颈盘、ProdiscTM C和PrestigeTM LP颈盘系统不同程度地限制运动移位的范围。这些系统可认为是部分约束的,其中,存在在正常运动范围之外的机械阻挡件。迄今为止,只有ChariteTM盘在美国被批准使用。
人造脊椎盘被植入,以便用于对神经根病、脊髓病和/或中轴脊椎疼痛的退化盘疾病进行控制处理。更近以来,人造盘被采用于创伤的治疗。TDR的目标是重现重新自然盘的生物力学性能。早前的对单级和多级盘替代物的临床和生物力学性能研究已报告了良好的临床结果,并在手术层面上保持了运动的范围。然而,运动范围的保持作为人造盘的重要特征,仅仅是脊椎生物力学性能的单个措施。也需要考虑盘对于手术级别的角度、平均盘间隙高度和整个脊椎对准(矢状的和冠状的平衡)的影响。
虽然人造盘的采用造就了许多成功的手术,但仍存在许多与当前盘相关的问题,例如,所有的当前人造颈盘具有贯穿全盘的固定高度。目前可用的人造盘在患者术后重新设定支撑头和身体重量的竖直位置后,可能在脊柱相邻节产生病灶性的脊柱后凸或脊柱后凸的问题。例如使用Bryan盘时,端板允许绕所有旋转轴线自由移动,从而允许端板呈现由头和身体施加在移植物上的力所产生的位置。有时,这个位置可能与盘在手术中的定位有很大的不同。一些发表的对Bryan颈盘替代物系统的研究报告了假体的端板和颈椎对准的趋势,以便来发展脊柱后凸后的手术。[可见Pickett GE,Mitsis DK,Sekhon LH等人的论文“Effects of a cervical disc prosthesis on segmentaland cervical spine alignment”。Neurosurg Focus2004;17(E5):30-35;Johnson JP,Lauryssen C,Cambron HO等人的论文“Sagittalalignment and the Bryan Cervical disc”。Neurosurg Focus2004;17(E14):1-4;Sekhon LHS的论文“Cervical arthroplasty in themanagement of spondylotic:18 month results”。Neurosurg Focus2004;17(E8):55-6L]假体的脊柱后凸角度归因于移植物的被动(未受约束的运动,其中带有移动的核和可变的瞬时旋转轴线)设计。当前的TDR系统中,没有一个解决这个主要的并发症。
作为退化过程的结果,大量的脊椎盘疾病患者丧失脊柱的矢状对准。此外,也可能出现冠状不平衡的变化角度。可用的人造盘替代物系统中没有一个设计成可恢复直脊柱的正常对准,其具有病灶的/普遍的脊柱后凸或冠变形。现存的插入任一个直的、脊柱后凸的或有角的节的人造盘替代物系统可能承担由小面、韧带和肌肉力确定的角和局部生物力学性能。同样地,准备直脊柱手术的患者可能会发展出术后脊柱后凸,而且准备脊柱后凸手术的患者可能术后会有变形退化。脊柱的脊柱后凸已在节的不稳定性和临床的重要退化疾病的发展中涉及到过。一些临床研究介绍过脊柱矢状或冠状平衡的变化可能在ASD开始和/或ASD加速时导致临床上重大的中轴脊椎疼痛。[可见以下文献:Kawakami M,Tamaki T,Yoshida M et al.Axialsymptoms and cervical alignment after anterior spinal fusion for patientswith cervical myelopathy.J Spinal Disord 1999;12:50-60;Harrison DD,Harrison DE,Janik TJ,et al.Modeling of the sagittal cervical spine as amethod to discriminate hypolordosis:results of elliptical and circularmodeling in 72 asymptomatic subjects,52 acute neck pain subjects,and70 chronic neck pain subjects.Spine 2004;29:2485-2492;Katsuura A,Hukuda S,Saruhashi Y,et al.Kyphotic malalignment after anteriorcervical fusion is one of the factors promoting the degenerative process inadjacent intervertebral levels.Eur Spine J 2001;10:320-324;Ferch RD,Shad A,Cadoux-Hudson TA,Teddy PJ.Anterior correction of cervicalkyphotic deformity:effects on myelopathy,neck pain,and sagittalalignment.J Neurosurg 2004;100:S13-S19;Katsuura A,Hukuda S,Imanaka T,Miyamoto K,Kanemoto M.Anterior cervical plate used indegenerative disease can maintain cervical lordosis.J Spinal Disord 1996;9:470-476.]
试图通过简单地选择人造盘的端板或核来提供变形矫正,同时仍保持绕所有旋转轴线的自由移动,这在当由头部和身体产生的力施加在人造盘上可能抵消所需的矫正时,可能不足以维持。为了提供足以维持的矫正,需要对旋转轴线进行限制。从设计角度看,目标是设计出能够矫正变形(冠状的和矢状的)的人造盘,具有在正常运动范围之外的(部分约束的)机械阻挡件,而且优选具有可变的瞬时旋转轴线(IAR)。
旋转轴线的限制可能属于两类。第一类是使用支持矫正的轴线的永久旋转或平移来提供矫正。使用核和端板自身的几何形状并参照几何约束分类来完成。第二类是保持绕所有轴线的自由运动范围,但使用材料支撑来提供矫正。这种类型的设计通过将可变形材料安置在矫正平面上以便在此平面正常旋转,这样来提供矫正。这是设计的材料约束分类。
退化性盘疾病在社会上是发病的主要来源。它可能会为那些患者带来严重的经济和情绪问题。因此,需要可以减轻脊柱病症症状和矫正变形(矢状的变形或冠状的变形或这两者)的人造盘。
发明概述
有许多不同的可使用盘替代物来满足脊柱对准/变形矫正需要的方案。在大多数可用盘中,盘插入的角度能有效地改变假体的方向。这涉及到骨的移除和用于假体的端板的准备。通过改变插入角度,盘可平行地或以一定角度放置到盘间隙中。遗憾的是,仅通过改变插入的角度,还不能矫正脊柱潜在的变形。简单地改变插入角度是不足以对那些不具有足够的偏心负荷承受支撑件或结构来维持变形矫正的装置进行补偿。
矫正腰椎的脊柱前凸方案由Link-Charite和Prodisc腰盘替代物系统通过使用楔形端板而得以利用。楔形端板也被用于至少一个带Bryan颈盘系统的案例。然而,楔形端板目前在颈盘替代物系统中不是常规地可用到的。使用楔形端板的方案涉及形成贯穿端板的有差别的厚度。在球与承窝/槽之间或在核与端板之间的关节连接是不变的,这是有利的,因为假体如何提供运动的复杂几何形状是不变的。然而不利之处是,如果由过度矫正的端板或未足够矫正的端板两者之一而造成错误,则这种方案是不能容许的。在手术时端板的修正可能很困难,而且甚至可以从接受盘替代物来预先消除盘间隙。由于多数系统在端板上具有涂层来促进骨的向内生长,因此,日期稍晚的修正可能变得极为困难或甚至不可能。由于端板有两个表面,即,与骨接触的外表面以及与核或核心关节连接的内表面,因此,可以设想通过改变内表面的位置或几何结构,来改变旋转中心。这将会对例如“球和承窝”关节一样作用的假体最适用。通过改变“承窝”或槽的位置,可能改变假体如何在盘的级别影响对准。
实现矫正的一种可选方法是通过改变核或内核心。这种方法最大的好处是核或核心可能更容易交换或修正。在手术过程中,使用仪器来测量所需的矫正量和能被插入的合适核。通过设计核中的矫正量,就给外科医生提供了插入的灵活性和方便,以及之后进行修正的能力,这在其它的方法中是没有提供的。
本发明包括新颖的人造盘,其提供了自然椎间盘的正常运动范围,并具有矫正脊柱变形的能力。所提出的盘允许功能性脊椎单元运动的部分约束范围。它将重现术前正常脊柱的动力学性能。它将具有最大的耐用性和生物相容性,以及使自身整合为长期稳定的脊柱骨结构的装置。它的插入过程是安全、简单和理想的,与现有操作相比不会增加手术时间。与现有的盘替代物系统比较而言,它在保持脊柱的自然动力学性能的同时,可允许外科医生矫正变形。
这个系统主要的优点是核很容易修正。例如,在多数Bryan盘需要修正的病例中,全盘包括端板必须移去。在脊柱的对准随时间改变的病例中,特别是对小孩和年青人而言,这个新的盘替代物系统可根据需要而允许核的修正。
本发明通过提供用于脊椎对准变形矫正的人造盘,而解决了现有技术人造盘的问题。
本发明的人造盘对包括矫正脊椎变形例如脊柱后凸、脊柱前凸和脊柱侧凸在内的退化性盘疾病,的治疗是有效的。
本发明一方面的目的是提供一种改良的人造盘替代物系统,维持手术级别的运动,并减少相邻节疾病的发生。
在本发明的一个方面,人造盘包含具有不对称最大垂直轴线的人造核。本发明包括在非中心位置(核的前后高度有差别)具有最大负荷承受点及高度的非球形核。
在一个实施例中,可采用所述核来为损伤的脊椎节提供脊柱前凸的矫正。在本例中,最大高度轴线位于核的前部。
在另一实施例中,采用所述核来提供脊柱后凸的调整。在本例中,最大高度轴线位于核的后部。
还在另一实施例中,不对称核可用于脊柱侧凸的治疗。为达到此目的,最大高度轴线设置在盘中间的侧部(旁矢状的)。
根据本发明的另一个方面,提供人造核或核心,以便用于人造盘。核包括生物相容性材料的主体,其在中心垂直轴线或不同于中心垂直轴线的其它垂直轴线之一上具有最大垂直高度。
在另一实施例中,该主体为球形或卵形(蛋形),具有凸起的上表面和下表面,以及非中心的最大高度垂直轴线。在一种可选的实施例中,所述核为截短的圆柱体的形式,其顶部截为不平行于底部的平面。在另一优选实施例中,所述盘是基本上圆形的。
当受到来自于头和颈的变化的力时,已经发现,设计成完全圆形表面(不必采用球形)的核体能产生可靠维持矫正的结果。为产生该结果,平坦的或具有不同于相邻表面轮廓的节或段可形成于核体的中心区域。该段称作变平段,其意指不同于核的相邻表面的任何轮廓。此变平的表面可为平面或可具有其它的形状,例如曲率不同于相邻表面的微凸或微凹形状。这种变平的表面也可为复合曲面或其它复杂的形状。在提供脊柱前凸矫正的实例中,变平的段可以相对于在下的椎骨体的上部端盘形成角度,且前部高度大于后部高度。核体的整个形状仍是非对称的,但变平的段被包含进来,以便提供可靠的变形矫正。此平坦节通过抵抗作用于穿过核的未对准的力矩,而提供了矫正的稳定性。如果变平的段不是合适的尺寸,那么可能会产生在前负荷面前的矫正消失的倾向,或在后负荷面前(在脊柱前凸矫正期间)的矫正产生过度脊柱前凸的倾向。在核里插入平坦节的额外的优点是,在绕该装置的静止、中立位置小运动期间,在此区域上提供了面接触,这能帮助减小该装置的磨损。
在另一实施例中,核或核心可以是带有变平的下表面的半球形状,变平的下表面配合在形成于下端板中的开口或凹槽里。凹槽的形状可设置成使得其限定了该核相对于下端板的旋转或平移运动的外部限制。此设计允许核更易于插入,而没有相邻椎骨的不适当干扰,这是因为凹槽能在一个端开放来允许核的插入,然后在凹槽内插入阻挡件来将核保持在凹槽内。
在另一实施例中,替代卵形核的是,可使用伸长的或“香肠型”的形状,其具有球形的或卵形的端段,以及变平的或圆柱形的中心段。当这种形状的核与上端板上的圆柱形承靠面配合时,在侧面弯曲期间及弯曲和伸展过程中,都可提供面接触和线接触。当使用此类型的伸长核时,可提供下端板里的相应端板凹槽,来允许利用阻挡件的超出正常运动限制的轴向旋转。此凹槽可具有“蝴蝶结”、“狗骨”或类似的形状。凹槽与核比较,可为稍微大一些的尺寸,来允许受限制的前部/后部和中间/侧面的平移。此外,端板凹槽的承靠面可在核运动的外部界限处向上弯曲。当核旋转并导致装置的轴向干扰时,这会驱使相邻椎骨体分离且在它们之间加载组织时,该特征促使核向上升起,从而导致对运动的逐渐阻挡。核心在凹槽范围内的平移试图保持自然盘旋转的移动瞬时轴线。
此外,凹槽可在前端开口来允许核的插入,而无需对相邻端板的过度干扰。可提供锁定机构来防止核在插入后从凹槽滑出。
在本发明的另一方面,提供了新类型的端板。不像其它需要大量准备椎骨体表面的端板那样,本端板具有基本平坦的外部或椎骨接触表面,来使它们容易插入。在一个优选实施例中,该表面为具有至少一个单向龙骨(keel)的半圆盘,用于将盘锚定就位。端板的外表面可被以促进骨的向内生长的方式来处理,以提高端板定位的稳定性。在一个实施例里,外(椎骨接触)表面和内(核接触)表面基本上相互平行。在另一实施例里,外表面和内表面为非平行的,从而赋予端板大致楔形的构造。可调整楔的宽边缘和窄边缘的方向,以便提供各种类型和度数的脊椎矫正。
在本发明的另一方面,假体包括人造核和至少一个端板。在此实施例中,假体包括用于连接上椎骨部件的上端板、用于连接下椎骨部件的下端板、以及适于配置在两个端板之间的核。本发明的端板具有在骨接触侧的一般的平坦表面,以及在另一侧的用于与核关节连接的合适几何形状的容座。中心龙骨可形成于端板内表面的中心,用来锚定核的位置。端板可包括阻挡部件,用来防止假体朝脊椎管移动。核也可具有不在几何中心的最大垂直轴线。
在另一实施例中,核具有带上容座的上表面和带下容座的下表面。上端板具有向下凸出的突起或接合上容座的锚固件,并且下端板具有向上延伸的突起或接合上容座的锚固件。假体在邻接的椎骨之间保持适当的空间关系,而且也允许脊柱的正常运动范围。本实施例也可包括在一端具有凹槽开口的容座。端板上的锚固件可包括中心龙骨,其滑入凹槽中到位,以固定核。
本发明的另一实施例类似万向节操作,并且包含三个解剖学上的旋转轴线,其中的两个旋转轴线提供了弯曲/伸展以及侧面弯曲运动,而另外一个旋转轴线提供了轴向旋转。这些旋转轴线通过使用一对可绕中心柱彼此相对旋转的两个圆柱来完成。
在另一实施例中,其中一个板具有接合另一板的中心柱,和位于中心柱周围的由弹性材料形成的环形核心。该核心可为不对称的,且与全部板接合,用来提供必要的变形矫正。核心可接合在端板上,以在板之间为变形矫正提供所需的角度,当负荷超出预定的极限时,中心柱与另一板接合。或者,柱可接合在另一板上,当施加力意图改变板的相对角度时,核心接合在另一板上,以将所述板保持在彼此之间形成的所需角度下。或者,核心可由两个或多个不连续的隔件代替,用于实现相同的功能。
在本发明的另一方面,核可利用材料变形来完成所需的运动范围。材料的形状可用于提供变形矫正的回复力。为达到这个结果,材料可从核心的各种部件移开,以改变在所选择位置的核心的弹性模量,或者可使用具有可变弹性模量的材料。通过该方法,可通过核心的设计,而提供不同的力和运动。
端板可设有用作所要求运动范围之外的阻挡件的特征,其允许源于解剖组织方面的逐渐阻挡。该结果可通过在端板中的一个里面或上面形成一个或多个凸轮表面并在其它端板上提供用于与凸轮表面接合的配合部件来实现。凸轮表面在其内表面具有逐渐的弯曲。在端板之间的相对运动期间,凸轮表面与配合部件接合,这会导致端板的轴线干扰,并提供了软组织,以避免坚硬的阻挡。或者,对于旋转运动,可提供相配合的凸轮表面,使得当一个端板相对于另一个端板旋转时,会出现干扰。
前面已经相当广泛地略述了本发明的特征和技术优点,以便可以更好地理解随后的本发明详细描述。本发明另外的特征和优点将在下文中介绍,其形成了本发明权利要求的主题。本领域技术人员应意识到,所公开的概念和详细的实施例可容易用作实现本发明同样目的的修改或设计的其它结构的基础。本领域技术人员也应意识到,此种等同结构不脱离在所附权利要求中阐述的本发明的实质和范围。被视为本发明特征的新特征,包括其操作的组织和方法、进一步的目的和优点,将从所附的结合附图的描述中得到更好的理解。然而,应清楚地理解,所提供的每幅图仅用于说明和描述目的,并不意图作为本发明界限的限定。
附图简介
本发明的这些以及其它方面的优点将从下面参见附图所进行的描述中变得更加显而易见,其中:
图1A显示了球形的人造盘核,其最大中心轴线在核的几何中线上;
图1B显示了图1A的核,带有偏移的最大垂直轴线,其提供了3°的矫正;
图1C显示了图1A的核,带有偏移的最大垂直轴线,其提供了6°的矫正;
图2A显示了不对称的人造盘核,其最大中心轴线在核的几何中线上;
图2B显示了图2A的核,带有偏移的最大垂直轴线,其提供了3°的矫正;
图2C显示了图2A的核,带有偏移的最大垂直轴线,其提供了6°的矫正;
图3为如图1A所示的人造盘核的实施例的顶部视图;
图4为如图1A所示的人造盘核实施例的透视图;
图5为如图2A所示的人造盘核实施例的透视图;
图6为端板外表面的透视图;
图7为端板内表面的透视图;
图8为端板的前视图;
图9为带如图1A所示核的脊椎盘装置的前视图;
图10为图8脊椎盘装置的侧视图;
图11为带如图2A所示核的脊椎盘装置的前视图;
图12为图8脊椎盘装置的侧视图;
图13A和13B显示了人造脊椎盘假体的实施例,其中端板可适应于脊柱前凸的矫正;
图14A、14B和14C显示了其它的端板可适应于脊柱前凸矫正的实施例;
图15为另一实施例的侧视图,其提供了所有运动方向;
图16A和16B显示了图15实施例的核的两个段;
图17和18显示了本发明的另一实施例,其中核由带有中间段的上段和下段形成;
图19显示了本发明的另一实施例,其中核被切为两半,并具有下部的平坦的下表面;
图20为图19所示核的示意图;
图21显示了图19实施例的修改;
图22为图21所示核的底面视图;
图23为图21所示核的示意图;
图24显示了图19所示实施例的修改;
图25-31显示了本发明的另一实施例,其中核是细长的,并且在中心带有变平的段;
图32和33显示了本发明的另一实施例,其中利用了万向节;
图34-36显示了本发明的另一实施例,其中,弹性环和柱提供了端板之间的相对运动;
图37显示了图34所示实施例的一种改型;
图38和39显示了本发明的另一实施例,其中核成形为可提供中间的/侧面的矫正;以及
图40-43显示了本发明的另一实施例,其中端板设有在正常运动范围之外的阻挡件。
本发明的详细描述
在其合适的、健康的排列对准中,脊柱随着自然弯曲,其促进了合适的矢状的和冠状的平衡(柔性),并允许在椎骨之间进行平衡的负荷分担。这些弯曲包括脊柱的颈、胸、腰和骶骨区域。自然地,为提供弯曲,必须在功能性脊椎单元之间的关节角度以及在盘内空间高度上有一些变化。颈和腰的区域为自然的脊柱前凸,或在朝前方向的凸面弯曲。沿着脊柱的不同节,有典型不同的椎骨体高度和盘内空间。另外,盘内空间和椎骨体高度对不同的人而言可以不相同。
每个盘内空间具有前部的区域和后部的区域。从前部到后部保持相同高度的颈、胸和腰区域中的人造盘,可产生不正常的对准,从而导致在相邻盘的前部或后部产生另外的应力。这还可导致贯穿该装置的不均等的负荷分配,并导致过量的相对运动,磨损碎片和早期衰退。
本文所用的用语“核”和“核心”可互换地用于指替换受损的自然脊椎盘的人造椎间装置。人造核心可单独地提供,或与上端板结合以用于上椎骨的连接,或与下端板结合以用于下椎骨的连接,或是与两者都结合。
用语“上”和“下”此处用于指待替换的盘两侧中任一侧的椎骨,或在如参考图所示位置的部分上的表面。“上”板固定于上部的椎骨上,“下”板固定于功能性脊椎单元下部的椎骨上。
用语“垂直”和“水平”此处相对于直立的人在解剖学的位置使用。用语“前部”指朝前方的区域,用语“后部”指朝后方的区域。用语“矢状”指直立人体的中心中心轴线两侧的任一侧的区域。
用语“不对称”此处用于指未布置在中心的最大高度轴线,或对于核或全盘替代物(TDR)不具有布置在中心的其最大垂直轴线。换句话说,最大高度不位于对称中心线或不在对称中心线枢轴式设置,使得TDR包括与在对称线另一侧的其它区域在形状或尺寸方面不确切相同的区域。承受最大负荷的位置位于非中心位置。
在本发明的一个实施例中,人造盘包括不是几何对称的核。盘可具有不位于盘几何中心的最大垂直轴线。最大垂直轴线可位于朝向盘的前方、盘的后方或在盘的一侧。最大垂直高度的位置和负荷承受能力根据需要矫正的变形的类型来选择。本发明也提供了使用不对称的人造盘来治疗盘/椎骨体疾病、脊柱前凸、脊柱后凸和脊柱侧凸的方法。
本发明的一个优点是,“核”或核心在手术中和手术后可互换和修正。可使用仪器来测量需要的矫正量,然后可插入适当的移植物。通过在核中引入矫正,外科医生就可享受灵活性、易于插入和可修正的能力,这些都是现有系统未提供的。
本发明的人造盘可设有不同程度的变形矫正。对于本发明的这个方面,外科医生可选择具有对患者合适的矫正盘。因此,提供了治疗脊椎变形的方法。该方法包括,为人造盘的移植准备脊椎节,决定所要求的椎间空间角度,选择具有所要求尺寸的人造核,将上端板固定到上椎骨,固定下端板到下椎骨,并且在下端板和下端板之间插入所选择的核。或者,端板-核-端板的组装单元可一起插入。在此预组装结构中的核的构造可通过手术中的测量工具或手术前的计算来确定。手术前的预规划技术和仪器也可能确定插入该装置的尺寸和方向。
本系统的主要优点是,人造盘能更容易和快速地插入,且所述核能根据被矫正的变形量而进行更换或修正。这对脊柱的排列对准随时间变化的小孩和年青人而言特别有用。
在一个实施例中,提供了适于脊柱前凸矫正的不对称的核。外科医生在保持运动移位的同时可将脊柱前凸恢复至颈椎。核可由低摩擦的弹性体构成,例如聚氨酯、聚碳酸酯-聚氨酯、聚合物例如聚乙烯(特别是超高分子量聚乙烯),合适的陶瓷、金属或金属合金,例如钛或钛合金、铬-钴-钼(CoCrMo)、钴28铬钼、钴铬、不锈钢或其它合适的材料。所述核具有通常圆形几何形状的设计,通过利用在核的几何中心前面的最大高度轴线,来改变结合于其中的脊柱前凸的度数。核的前部高度根据所需的脊柱前凸矫正的程度而改变。在不同脊柱前凸角度下的核是可得到的,例如0°、3°和6°,并且可得到不同高度(例如4、6和8mm)的核。在决定核的最终尺寸前,使用一套仪器或其它装置来测量所需的脊柱前凸矫正量。
核在上端板和下端板之间滑动。核可用各种类型的连接器而保持在适当位置。例如,在一个实施例中,核的凸面具有中间槽来允许核滑入就位在端板之间的位置。端板凹面的中心龙骨容置在核的槽中。很显然,其它类型的连接也可用于将核保持在适当的位置。例如,可使用齿和锁系统或卡扣(pop-in)系统。
本发明的核和人造盘的许多实施例显示在附图中。在本发明的一个方面,脊椎节对准的矫正由具有截短圆柱形状的或一般球形或卵形的人造核提供,其中,中心轴线两侧中任一侧的弧上的两半不对称。换句话说,弯曲部分在几何形状上不平行或对称。
在一个实施例中,移植物由三片组成。端板做成不同的尺寸,来适应解剖学上的差异。其可由钛或钛合金、铬-钴-钼(CoCrMo)、钴28铬钼、钴铬、不锈钢或其它适用于脊椎修复插入体的材料制造而成。
端板可具有两个不同的表面。接触椎骨体端板的每个端板的平坦表面能提供骨的向内成长,且包含合适的涂层,例如多孔钛、磷酸钙,或包括其它类型的促进骨长期稳定地向内生长的已知表面。端板也可具有一个或多个提供直接固定的旁矢状的龙骨。在本发明的一个实施例中,一对平行的龙骨可形成于一个端板的外表面上,并且单个设置在中心的龙骨可形成于其它端板的外表面上。端板的其它(内)表面可具有与核的几何形状相对应的轮廓,以便形成承靠面,用于允许相对于核的最佳关节连接和磨损特征。在承靠面的中间,可设有单个的中心龙骨,其为核提供了防止过度平移和运动范围的约束。核可具有圆形的几何形状设计,带有中间槽来允许核滑入就位于端板之间的位置。端板凹面上的中心龙骨可配合于核的槽中。在决定核的最终尺寸前,可插入一套仪器来确认脊柱前凸矫正,但这些仪器也可用作其它类型的手术前规划技术和仪器的确认。或者,手术中的仪器可用作其它类型的手术前规划技术和仪器的确认。
图1A至1C显示了人造盘核的各种实例,其核是对称的,最大中心轴线在核10的几何中心20。字母标号A和P分别显示了核10、14和18的前部和后部的定向。核10通常为球形,且截短成带有在核10上侧的变平部分22A和在下侧的变平部分22B。核也各自具有上部和下部的弯曲的表面24A和24B,以及外围壁26。
如上所述,变平的表面是有利的,这是因为当核具有完全圆形的表面时,在暴露于头和颈的变化的力的作用下,它不能可靠地维持矫正。包含核中间区域的变平的表面可用于解决这个问题。变平的表面具有不同于相邻表面的轮廓,且形成于核体内。用语变平的段或变平的表面可互换地使用,且意思为指不与核的相邻表面相同的任何轮廓。此变平的表面可为平面的或稍微凸出或凹陷的,并具有不同于相邻表面的曲率。此变平的表面也能为混合弯曲的形状或其它复杂的形状。
当寻找脊柱前凸矫正时,随着前端高度大于后端高度,变平的表面可相对在下椎骨体(或反之亦然,或两者)的上端板形成一定的角度。核心的整个形状仍可不对称,但可包含变平的表面来提供变形的可靠矫正。这种变平的段提供了抵抗贯穿作用于核上的力矩的稳定性,也就是,如果所述平坦表面不具有合适的尺寸,那么就可能产生在前负荷面前矫正消失的倾向,或在后负荷面前(在脊柱前凸矫正期间)矫正产生过度脊柱前凸的倾向。该变平的段的另一个优点是,在围绕该装置的中立位置小运动期间,在此区域上提供面接触,这能帮助减小装置上的磨损。
图1A显示了不适合于脊柱前凸矫正的核10,因为上表面和下表面22A和22B相互平行。在核中,最大高度轴线20与所述盘的中心重合。在图1B中,显示了可提供3°矫正的核14。该核提供了脊柱前凸的矫正。图1C显示了具有较大变形矫正角度的另一人造盘核18。当如图1B和1C所示提供变形矫正时,核的几何中心可转移到偏离轴线20的位置。
如果前部/后部的方向反向,那么这就提供了脊柱后凸的矫正。如果核旋转90度,则提供了脊柱侧凸的矫正。在图1C的视图中,最大垂直轴线20定位成可提供6°的矫正。很显然,核可调整成可用于提供各种矫正度数,而且,在某些情况下,不需要矫正度数。或者,核10的仅仅一半可具有变平部分,另一半具有弯曲的外表面。
在图2A至2C中,显示了人造核中的不对称卵形的实施例。所述核包括上表面和下表面22A和22B,其由于核的卵形形状、弯曲的上、下表面24A和24B和圆周中心部分26而成为“变平的”。在如图2B和2C所示的实施例中,最大高度轴线16是与盘的几何中心12不对称的。在如图2A所示的核中,其中没有矫正,最大垂直高度是在中心垂直轴线12上。在如图2B所示的核中,最大垂直轴线16定位成可提供3°的矫正角度。在如图2C所示的核中,最大垂直轴线16定位成可提供6°的矫正角度。
图3是核的一个实例的顶部视图。该核40包括中心凸出的或变平的区域42,所述区域42包括凹槽或槽口44。该凹槽或槽口44使得核能够在端板(未示出)的中心龙骨或锚固件上滑动。虽然核40显示为大致圆形,但很显然,它也可呈现其它的形状,例如卵形或椭圆形。很显然,也可以使用其它类型的锚固件容纳装置。例如,凹槽的形状可变化,或提供搭扣或卡口型的或狗骨型的容座来将核锚接到位。本领域技术人员可提供其它的包括将一个或多个部件附加到核心上的锁定方法,来提供锚固件。
为了进行变形矫正,核可采用如图4所示的截短的弯曲体的形式。对本实施例,核50具有在基本变平的平面顶部54终止的上表面52。槽口56或凹槽或另一合适形状的开口可形成于上表面52中,用于容纳在端板形成的锚固件。下表面58一般为上表面的倒转。然而,作为如图4所示截短成具有平坦表面的替代方案,底面可以为不对称的球形或卵形。
或者,核可为圆形、如图5所示的具有非中心的最大垂直轴线的卵形或蛋形。在另一实施例中,核可以为大致圆形或不对称的球形。
图5显示了上表面62为不对称的凸出表面的人造核60,顶部表面或底部表面之一或这两者也可为不对称的。
为说明目的,图中所示的核适用于脊柱前凸矫正。很显然,核可在前方(前部)、后方(后部)或侧面(侧部)具有不对称的高度。本发明的不对称的核可用于矫正各种类型的脊椎错位,包括矢状的和冠状的变形。
本发明的新的矫正核可单独地提供,或结合上端板、下端板或全部上端板和下端板一起提供。
图6至图8显示了示例性的人造端板70,其可与核结合在一起来使用,用于提供新的人造盘单元。根据本发明的人造端板包括内表面,其带有用于容纳人造盘凸表面的凹陷承靠面。外表面或骨接触表面基本上是平坦的。
为了适应一些已知的端板,需要花费大量的手术时间将椎骨制备至合适的形状,用来提供人造端板。图6显示了带有使端板能在椎骨表面上滑动的平坦外表面72的端板70。一个或多个单向的龙骨76在外表面72上形成,用来提供直接的固定。龙骨可沿中心地布置或旁矢状地布置。可通过在外表面72上包含合适的涂层74,例如多孔钛、磷酸钙或类似物,来加强固定,以便促进骨的向内生长使其长期稳定。
可在端板的前边缘80提供阻挡部件78。阻挡部件防止假体向后移动及可能对脊髓的撞击。基本上半圆形的壁82将端板的外表面与内表面结合起来。如下面进一步讨论的那样,壁82的厚度可随着朝前地、朝后地或旁矢状地增加的厚度而改变。图7更详细地显示了内表面84。
端板的内表面84与核关节式相连。如图7所示的实施例中,内表面具有凹陷区域86,其用于容纳核。锚固件88设置在凹陷区域86的中心,用于定位核,并防止其移动。如图所示,锚固件88通常可为带圆角边缘的矩形,从而避免过早的磨损,并穿入核中。图8显示了端板的前视图,显示具有两个旁矢状龙骨76的外表面72,以及具有凹陷区域86和中心锚固件88的内表面84。
图9-12显示了上面所介绍的组装成为TDR移植物的核和端板。图9和10结合图1A-1C一起,显示了如上所述在核的上侧带有截短的圆柱形状和变平部分97的核96,而且图11-12显示了同样的设计,其具有如图2A-2C所示卵形的核96的。在这些图中,提供了包括上端板92、下端板94以及人造盘核96的完整的脊椎盘假体90。端板和核可以设置成不同的尺寸,用来适应解剖学上的差异。端板和各种不同的核可成套提供给外科医生,使得当最终决定尺寸时,可以选择和使用合适尺寸的元件。端板可由钛或钛合金、铬-钴-钼(CoCrMo)、钴28铬钼、钴铬、陶瓷或其它适合用于脊椎假体移植物的材料制成。
端板具有两个不同的表面。外表面98是接触椎骨端板的表面。外表面基本上平坦,使其能容易与自然的椎骨端板接触。所述平坦表面可为多孔的,且结合有合适的处理,例如多孔钛、磷酸钙或其它类型的已知处理,如涂层、等离子射流、以及可促进骨向内生长或向上生长而使其长期稳定的表面结构改变。至少一个旁矢状的龙骨100形成于每个端板的外表面上,用来提供直接固定。
如图9-12所示,三个旁矢状的龙骨100相互对准地布置,并沿端板外表面的两侧定位。或者,如图9A所示,带有上端板92和下端板94的相似端板设计成具有偏移的龙骨构造,一对对准的旁矢状的龙骨100A形成于上端板的外表面上,而且中间一行对准的龙骨100B形成于下端板94的外表面上。后面这种布置相信是有利的,因为随着上部和下部龙骨相互偏移,端板应具有更大的稳定性,并导致在使用复合移植物的椎骨上产生更小的应力。
回过头参见图9-12,每个端板的内表面102具有凹陷区域103或与核进行关节连接的承靠面。锚接凸出部104从凹陷区域向外突出,这就提供了用于核的固定座,并限制后移。上端板和下端板都具有凸缘106,用于防止端板移入脊椎管中。端板可具有孔107,用于允许端板通过可插入穿过孔107的金属材料或生物可吸收(bioabsorble)的螺钉(未示出)而连接在相邻椎骨上。图9和11显示了假体的前部视图,且图10和12显示了侧视图。
在本发明的另一方面,如图13A-13B和14A-14C所示,脊椎变形可通过在端板设置矫正的人造脊椎盘假体来解决。矫正的端板可单独地提供、或如图13A-13B所示与如上所述的在核的顶部和底部具有变平表面的对称人造核结合在一起来提供,或者或如图14A-14C所示与如上所述的在核的顶部和底部具有变平表面的不对称人造核结合在一起来提供。
矫正的端板如图13A-13B和14A-14C所示。矫正的度数可通过改变端板的内侧(与核接触)或端板的外侧(与椎骨接触)实现。如图13A-13B所示,端板110包括外(与骨接触)表面112、内表面114、以及连接外表面与内表面的外围壁116。外围壁116的高度可根据需要矫正的度数和类型而改变。例如,图13B显示了适用于其矫正度数比图13A矫正的度数更大的端板。可调节可变高度的定位,以便治疗不同的病况,例如脊柱前凸、脊柱后凸或脊柱侧凸。内表面可形成为可容纳核,且端板的高度可根据所需矫正的度数来调整。
或者,如图14A-14C所示,外表面120和内表面122可基本上为平面的,并且作为外围壁124高度变化的结果,当外表面和内表面逐渐变得不平行时,用于调节高度。图14A至14C分别显示了矫正度数的递增。具有基本上为平面的外表面或椎骨接触面的优点在于,与传统的人造盘装置相比,本发明的装置更容易插入,并且需要更少的操作时间来准备椎骨表面。
图15、16A和16B显示了本发明的另一实施例,其提供了全方向的运动、弯曲/伸展、侧弯和绕对称轴线的旋转。在此设计中,核130形成两段130A和130B。柱132形成于一个段130A的内表面,并配合于形成在另一段130B内表面上的开口134,以提供两段130A和130B之间的相对旋转运动。柱132和开口134可形成于核130两段中的任一段。柱和开口可为任意合适的尺寸,且可垂直于核段130A和130B的相对表面,或以离开水平面并朝向随着解剖学上的矫正轴线轴向旋转的轴线的某一角度而倾斜,并提供变形矫正。
在这种配置中,在核130、端板136和138之间的接触表面设计成使得它们之间的优选角度具有同样的相应的不对称轮廓,如图15所示。因为在前面/后面及中间/侧面方向,核与端板之间仅有相对运动,核与各自的端板之间的较大面接触是可能的,以便传递端板到核的旋转,使得核130的两半130A和130B彼此相互旋转,而非使端板136和138在核130的外表面上旋转。
图17和18显示了本发明的另一实施例,其代替以单件材料形成核130,它可由上段和下段130A和130B以及如图17所示的平坦或楔形的固定于上段和下段的中间段140形成。中间段140可提供带有如图18所示的合适矫正度数的核,以便代替上述提供的楔形端板。在本发明的相关实施例中,核130基本上切为两半,且具有平坦的在下表面。这可应用于图17和18的实施例,其中段130B移开,留下中间段140的在下表面与下端板关节连接。通过改变中间段140的构造,就可实现变形矫正。
图19和20显示了本发明的另一实施例,其中核130基本上切为两半,且具有平坦的在下表面。该形状可用于抵抗带有卵形/不对称形状的核的滑出,这种情况在当核的卵形导致端板彼此相互倾斜来提供矫正时可能会出现。如图所示,核130的底面为平坦的且由圆形开口134形成,圆形开口134成形且定位成可容纳形成于下端板138相对表面上的柱136,用于允许核130和端板138之间的相对旋转运动。或者,核可具有位于其上表面或在上表面的平坦表面和开口134,以便代替位于如图所示的下表面上。在此实施例中,如图19所示,核优选为不对称的。
图19和20中构造的一种修改显示于图21至24中,其中,核130定位在形成于下端板138的上表面槽口或凹槽142。如图21所示,上端板136的下表面轮廓成形成与核相匹配。或者,如图24所示,端板136的下表面可为平坦的,且与核130的变平的上表面144接合。
凹槽可在前部/后部以及中间/侧面方向上都大于核,以允许如图22的箭头A和B所示方向所需要的平移量。凹槽可在后端或前端开口,以便允许核仅仅通过滑入凹槽而插入,如图21中由箭头A所示。这样,可不对相邻椎骨产生过分干扰地插入所述核。可通过提供任何合适尺寸和形状的阻挡件144来防止核移出凹槽。图23为插入图21所示凹槽中的核130的示意图。
本发明的另一实施例显示于图25-31中,其中核130延长,并且带有变平的段150,变平的段150为在变平的段两侧带有弯曲段152和154的任一部分圆柱。当与上端板136内部的圆柱表面156配合时,如图29所示,可以认为,本设计将提供更好的磨损特性,这是因为它在中间/侧面弯曲过程中具有面接触,并且在弯曲/伸展过程中具有线接触。
核130的伸长的形状在图25和26中显示出,其显示核具有从前到后(A-P)的带有恒定的中间-侧面半径的圆形截面,中间的平坦段150定向成用于为核的其它实施例的变平部分提供如上所述的矫正角度。上端板136的内表面156具有如核一样在前部/后部方向带相同恒定半径的圆柱形状。
在中间位置,圆柱表面156与核130的变平的段相配,且以可提供变形矫正的角度而定位,如图31所示。在此位置,在端板136和核130之间具有面接触。在中间/侧面弯曲过程中,在端板与核之间也是面接触。在有或没有侧面弯曲的弯曲/伸展过程中,在端板与核之间为线接触。核心和端板构造成总是具有线接触或面接触,因此减少了在一些现有设计中出现点接触的磨损的可能性。
核130伸长的形状允许端板138具有图27和28中的“蝴蝶结”形状的凹槽157。该形状允许其中阻挡件超过正常运动限制的轴向旋转。该形状相对于核130而言尺寸过大,通过合适的量来允许受限制的前部/后部以及中间/侧面平移。此外,在图30中的中间/侧面侧,凹槽157的底面可向上圆化(未显示),使得当核130旋转时,其向上“凸轮式运动”,而导致装置的干扰,这会驱动椎骨体分离,并对它们之间的组织加载,从而导致对运动的逐渐阻挡。核130在凹槽157内的平移将倾向于保持自然盘旋转的移动瞬时轴线。
图32和33显示了本发明的另一实施例,该实施例采用了由一对圆柱体160和162形成的万向接头,圆柱体160和162彼此相对地围绕中心柱164旋转,所述中心柱164从其中一个圆柱体凸出并与另一圆柱体160的开口166接合。圆柱体160和162相互垂直定向,并各自接合在邻近端板136和138的圆柱形表面168和170上。此设计提供三个解剖学的旋转轴线。因为每个旋转轴线的独立性,因此,由两个圆柱体形成的核的形状所提供的任何矫正将导致旋转,以补偿矫正并返回未矫正的中立位置。或者,圆柱体160和162可成形为类似图25-27中的伸长的核130,或带平坦下表面的其它合适形状。
本发明的其它实施例显示在图34-36中,其中弹性环172和具有圆化顶部的柱174提供了端板之间的相对运动,且提供了所要的矫正角度。环172详细显示于图35中。环172可为图示的楔形,以提供所需角度的矫正,或者如果不需要矫正的话,可能为平坦的(未显示)。突出部180可形成于下端板138的上表面上,以便与环172里的开口182相配合,以便一旦环处在所需要的位置时,就防止环172相对于下端板移动。
上端板136具有其轮廓可与圆化顶部176的形状相配的腔178。环172成形为使得在“正常”运动范围期间或整个正常活动中,端板136跨在环172上。然而,当超过正常运动范围时,环172将压缩,并且上端板136将与柱174接合,从而导致相邻椎骨干扰,并因此提供逐渐的阻挡运动或“源于解剖组织方面的逐渐阻挡”。或者,柱174可设计成通过进入腔178中而用作关节的主要负荷承载部件。在此设计中,变形矫正力仅由压缩环172提供。此设计具有弹性体环的材料应力减小和塑性变形减小的优点。
如图37所示,代替提供环176的是,同样的结果可能通过提供两个或更多由在两个端板之间的弹性材料形成的阻挡件184A和184B来达到。阻挡件184A和184B可安装在下端板138的上表面上。其中一个阻挡件184A可比另一个阻挡件184B向上突出一段更大的距离,以提供所需要的矫正。
本发明的另一个实施例显示于图38和39中,其中提供了弹性材料形成的核186,所述核186成形成使得核可提供中间/侧面的旋转,但在弯曲和伸展期间需要材料的变形。这通过提供球形或卵形的中间部188和圆柱形的“变平的”相邻端部分190A和190B来实现,其使变平的端部分在两端绕核的圆周而伸展。上端板具有腔(未显示),其具有形状与核186相似的轮廓。与图27和28中的一个相似的凹槽(未显示)能形成于下端板138中。
为了进行沿箭头A-A方向的中间/侧面运动,上部和下端通过上端板在核186上的旋转运动而彼此相对旋转。然而沿箭头B-B方向的弯曲/伸展仅通过核186的变形而产生。或者,核186可在下端板138上旋转90°,使得端板136在弯曲/伸展期间在核上旋转,而核在中间/侧面运动期间将变形。端部分190A具有比端部分190B更大的直径,以提供所需要的矫正量。如图所示,核成形为使得核的回弹力随着其长度而改变。然而,核可由其弹性大小沿其长度变化的材料形成,以达到同样的结果。
图40-43显示了本发明的另一实施例,其中端板136和138设有超出正常运动范围之外的阻挡件,所述阻挡件也采用了上面结合图34和35所述的“源于解剖组织方面的逐渐的阻挡”的概念。这类阻挡件可增加到采用端板用法的任何设计中。本发明的此方面基于复制出人体如何移动,然后设计配合表面来尽可能接近地模仿那些运动。如图40所示,端板136在其下表面具有柱200,其与形成于下端板138的上表面的凹穴202接合。优选的是,在核130的相对两侧提供了一对柱和凹穴。
如图40-43所示,凹穴202上具有带弯曲表面206的槽口204,弯曲表面206与柱200的下部端208接合。当端板136和138在伸展/弯曲期间在前部/后部方向彼此相对移动时,柱的下部端208沿弯曲表面206跨置。当柱到达移动行程的外界限时,下部端208将开始跨在表面208的逐渐弯曲的段上,如图43的箭头A所显示,这将导致相邻椎骨之间的干扰,并对它们之间的组织加载,从而导致对运动的逐渐阻挡。
尽管已详细描述本发明及其优点,但是应理解,可在不脱离所附权利要求所定义的本发明的实质和范围的情况下,作出各种变化、替换和变更。此外,本申请的范围不意图局限于在说明书中描述的工艺、机器、制造、物质组分、机构、方法和步骤的具体实施例。由于本领域普通技术人员会容易从本发明的公开中领会到,因此,现有的或稍后发展出的与这里所描述的相应实施例执行基本上相同的功能或实现基本相同结果的工艺、机器、制造、物质组分、机构、方法或步骤可根据本发明而被利用。因此,所附的权利要求意图将这些工艺、机器、制造、物质组分、机构、方法或步骤包括在其范围内。

Claims (31)

1.一种用于替代人体脊柱自然盘并且适于配合在连接于相邻椎骨上的上端板和下端板之间并可相对于所述上端板和下端板移动的人造盘的核,包括:
a.核体,其具有至少一个承靠面,用于分别与形成于其中一个或多个所述端板上的配合承靠面相接合;
b.所述至少一个承靠面具有适于与所述其中一个端板的弯曲承靠面相接合的弯曲部分;
c.形成于所述弯曲部分上的变平部分,其用于保持其中至少一个所述端板相对于所述核的优选定向。
2.根据权利要求1所述的核,其特征在于,所述核体是带有形成于上部承靠面和下部承靠面上的弯曲部分的球形形状。
3.根据权利要求2所述的核,其特征在于,所述上部承靠面的弯曲部分为半球形的形状,并且下部承靠面是平面的。
4.根据权利要求1所述的核,其特征在于,所述核体为带有形成于上部承靠面和下部承靠面上的弯曲部分的卵形形状。
5.根据权利要求4所述的核,其特征在于,所述上部承靠面的弯曲部分为卵形形状,并且所述下部承靠面是平面的。
6.根据权利要求1所述的核,其特征在于,所述核体是不对称的。
7.根据权利要求1所述的核,其特征在于,所述变平部分是平面的。
8.根据权利要求1所述的核,其特征在于,所述变平部分是凸的,并且具有比所述弯曲部分的曲率半径更大的曲率半径。
9.根据权利要求1所述的核,其特征在于,所述变平部分是凹的。
10.根据权利要求1所述的核,其特征在于,所述核具有水平轴线,并且所述变平部分相对于所述水平轴线形成角度,而非与之平行,以便在所述核与所述端板相接合时,用于保持所述人造盘的矫正方向。
11.根据权利要求1所述的核,其特征在于,所述核体是延长的并且带有一对外端,所述弯曲部分包括位于所述外端的弯曲部分,以及位于所述弯曲部分之间的变平部分。
12.根据权利要求10所述的核,其特征在于,所述弯曲部分是球形的。
13.根据权利要求10所述的核,其特征在于,所述变平部分是圆柱形的。
14.根据权利要求10所述的核,其特征在于,所述下部承靠面是平面的。
15.根据权利要求1所述的核,其特征在于,所述核体由一对可彼此相对移动的圆柱体形成。
16.根据权利要求1所述的核,其特征在于,所述核体由聚合物材料形成。
17.根据权利要求1所述的核,其特征在于,所述核体由弹性材料形成。
18.根据权利要求1所述的核,其特征在于,所述核体由其中一个或更多部分比一个或更多其它部分更具弹性的材料形成。
19.根据权利要求1所述的核,其特征在于,还包括适于连接在相邻椎骨上的一对端板,所述核体定位于所述端板之间,以便形成全盘替代物(TDR)。
20.根据权利要求19所述的核,其特征在于,所述端板成形为在后侧或前侧中的任一侧具有更大尺寸,以便提供变形矫正。
21.根据权利要求20所述的核,其特征在于,所述更大尺寸位于所述前侧。
22.根据权利要求20所述的核,其特征在于,所述更大尺寸位于所述后侧。
23.根据权利要求19所述的核,其特征在于,还包括在一个端板的外端上的一对龙骨,以及在另一个端板的外端上的一个龙骨。
24.根据权利要求19所述的核,其特征在于,其中一个所述端板具有承靠面,所述承靠面具有与所述核体上的相配承靠面基本相同的曲率。
25.根据权利要求19所述的核,其特征在于,其中一个所述端板具有承靠面,所述承靠面比所述核体上的相配承靠面具有更大的曲率。
26.根据权利要求19所述的核,其特征在于,所述核体具有变平的承靠面,并且其中一个端板具有用于与所述变平的承靠面相接合的凹槽。
27.根据权利要求26所述的核,其特征在于,所述凹槽具有比所述核体的变平的承靠面更大的横向尺寸,以便允许所述核具有相对于所述端板的运动范围。
28.根据权利要求26所述的核,其特征在于,所述凹槽具有在其侧面向上弯曲的承靠面,以便利用相邻椎骨的干扰来提供逐渐的阻挡。
29.根据权利要求19所述的核,其特征在于,所述端板具有在所述核的运动范围之外的至少一个阻挡件,其利用相邻椎骨的干扰来帮助逐渐的阻挡。
30.一种全盘替代物,包括:
一对端板,其带有适于连接在相邻椎骨上的外表面;
核体,其在形状和尺寸上设置成可定位于所述这对端板之间;
每个端板都具有用于与所述核相接合的内表面;
其中至少一个所述端板具有承靠面,用于与位于其中一个所述端板的内表面上的承靠面相配合;
所述核成形为使得最大负荷承受部分位于所述核体的非中心位置。
31.根据权利要求30所述的全盘替代物,其特征在于,所述核体是不对称的。
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CN102727329A (zh) * 2012-06-28 2012-10-17 深圳清华大学研究院 人工颈椎间盘
CN102727329B (zh) * 2012-06-28 2015-01-07 深圳清华大学研究院 人工颈椎间盘
CN105030388A (zh) * 2015-08-19 2015-11-11 深圳清华大学研究院 腰椎间盘假体、植入器械、由腰部假体与植入器械组成的装置及插入腰椎植入物的方法
CN108969162A (zh) * 2018-07-27 2018-12-11 深圳清华大学研究院 一种椎间运动保留装置
TWI789143B (zh) * 2021-12-03 2023-01-01 財團法人工業技術研究院 人工椎間盤
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