CN100999061A - Grinding polishing method based on magnetic rheology effect and its polishing device - Google Patents
Grinding polishing method based on magnetic rheology effect and its polishing device Download PDFInfo
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- CN100999061A CN100999061A CNA2006101324959A CN200610132495A CN100999061A CN 100999061 A CN100999061 A CN 100999061A CN A2006101324959 A CNA2006101324959 A CN A2006101324959A CN 200610132495 A CN200610132495 A CN 200610132495A CN 100999061 A CN100999061 A CN 100999061A
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a grinding-polishing method based on magnetorheological effect. Said method is characterized by that in the magnetorheological fluid a kind of free abrasive material is added, used as grinding-polishing liquor and injected into the between of magnetic body and workpiece surface, under the action of magnetic field the ferromagnetic particles in the magnetorheological fluid can be arranged by strings to cover the abrasive material pacticles and can be constrained in the end face of magnetic body to form magnetic grinding brush, said magnetic grinding brush can be used for grinding-polishing workpiece surface. Said invention also provides a grinding-polishing device for implementing said grinding-polishing method. Said device includes grinding tool mounted on main shaft connected with motor and working table for mounting workpiece.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to plane and curved surface grinding method, be specifically related to a kind of abrasive polishing method based on magnetic rheology effect.The invention still further relates to the employed device of described magnetic rheology effect abrasive polishing method.
Background technology
High speed and high capacity along with information computerization and photosignal transmission, the demand of the photoelectron product of fusion electronic technology and optical technology is increasing, as the CD/DVD optical reading head, light/electricity (PD) and electricity/light (LD) signal adapter in the optical-fibre communications, projecting apparatus, laser printer, molecular laser etc., one of core component of photovoltaic is exactly the optical element (lens that use in the light path, speculum), the manufacture method of optical element mainly contains pottery, the single and mini-batch production machining of hard brittle materials such as optical glass is shaped and plastics, but the industrial production mold pressing of heating plastic formed materials such as glass shapes, and optical element surface and hot pressing die surface all need to reach its form accuracy and surface accuracy requirement by machining process.Optical element will reach the good optical performance, and its surface accuracy need reach the ultra-smooth degree, and surface figure accuracy also has higher requirements.The processing method of optical surface mainly contains diamond tool cutting, grinding and grinding and polishing and combination thereof, and grinding and polishing is the effective processing method that finally obtains super-smooth surface.
The application on ultra-smooth plane is more and more, as compact disc mold surface, monocrystalline silicon sheet surface etc., finally need reach required form precision and surface roughness by grinding and polish processing.Have more and more hard brittle material such as optical glass, engineering ceramics, ultra-fine cemented carbide and the stainless steels etc. of adopting of material that the part of super-smooth surface requirement uses.
Attrition process is to utilize soft abrasive disk and lapping liquid (mixture of oil or aqueous substance and free abrasive), apply certain pressure by abrasive disk to free abrasive and act on surface of the work, abrasive material produces on abrasive disk and workpiece interface and rolls or slide, from workpiece to be machined surface removal one deck material as thin as a wafer, reach the purpose that improves workpiece form accuracy and surface accuracy.
Existing grinding and polishing device mainly is made of with the rotary table that is connected motor that is used to install workpiece the abrasive disk that is installed on the main shaft that connects motor.During work, workpiece is installed on the workbench, keeps certain movement relation between abrasive disk and the workpiece, abrasive disk applies certain pressure to free abrasive and realizes the grinding and polishing of surface of the work is processed.
Grinding method is to embed abrasive material on rigidity lap tool (cast iron, tin etc.) surface, under certain pressure, by the relative motion between lap tool and the workpiece, surface of the work is carried out trace removal, obtains the process of high precision and low surface roughness.Existing abrasive polishing method mainly contains (1) and makes the abrasive disk matrix by metal material, and the mechanical lapping that free abrasive joins between abrasive disk and the workpiece is polished, and for example the cast iron abrasive disk adds grinding agent/abrasive pastes; (2) use polishing pad between abrasive disk and workpiece, polishing pad produces the effect that applies polishing pressure and constraint free abrasive; (3) the mechanochemistry grinding and polishing of increase chemical/electrochemical effect in the mechanical lapping process, the small size tool scans grinding and polishing processing of (4) curved surface; (5) the impartial grinding and polishing processing of air bag, they all belong to free abrasive processing.
The problem that existing free abrasive grinding and polishing processing method exists has: the movement velocity of free abrasive particulate between abrasive disk and workpiece, track, holdup time etc. all can't effectively be controlled, free state abrasive material between abrasive disk and workpiece interface has only the abrasive particle of large-size to produce elaboration, promptly break away from abrasive disk and workpiece interface because the abrasive particle of the effect considerable part reduced size of relative motion does not produce interference effect with surface of the work as yet, cause machining accuracy and inefficiency.Carry out method for processing for this free abrasive that utilizes of grinding and polishing, the key that improves free abrasive working (machining) efficiency and machining accuracy is how to guarantee to have on abrasive disk and the workpiece contact interface uniform abrasive concentration to distribute, and can keep this state long-term and stably, the Ginding process of existing mechanical and chemistry all is difficult to accomplish this point, thereby has influenced the precision and the efficient of super-smooth surface attrition process.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to problem at existing super-smooth surface grinding technology existence, a kind of grinding method of using magnetic rheology effect is provided, mixed liquor with magnetic flow liquid and free abrasive is a grinding and polishing liquid, use magnetic as the milling tool matrix, utilize the magnetic rheology effect of magnetic flow liquid adhesive solidification under the effect of magnetic field that free abrasive constraint, reunion are formed the magnetic rheology effect abrasive brush on milling tool matrix top.Undersized magnetic permutation and combination is become to have plane or curved-surface structure, the magnetic rheology effect abrasive brush of its end face forms dot matrix concentrating type milling tool, free abrasive is constrained in each micro-dimension magnetic rheology effect abrasive brush, wear particle concentration and stability between milling tool and the surface of the work have been guaranteed, because the magnetic rheology effect abrasive brush that the dot matrix cluster distributes in the milling tool has certain rigidity surface of the work is produced polishing pressure, abrasive particle produces the attrition process effect to surface of the work, and the gap becomes reverse proportionate relationship between magnetic rheology effect abrasive brush abrasive action and milling tool and the surface of the work, because the relation of the precise geometrical between milling tool and the surface of the work can produce the effect of curve form correction, salient point has higher material removing rate concave point that lower material removing rate is arranged on the surface of the work, therefore can reach the effect of high efficiency high accuracy grinding and polishing processing super-smooth surface.
The present invention also aims to provide the device of described magnetic rheology effect Ginding process use.
Abrasive polishing method technical scheme based on magnetic rheology effect provided by the invention is to add free abrasive to inject between magnetic and the surface of the work as grinding and polishing liquid in magnetic flow liquid, ferromagnetic particle bunchiness under the effect of magnetic field in the magnetic flow liquid is arranged the abrasive particle parcel, is constrained in the magnetic end face, formation magnetically grinding brush, constitute milling tool, surface of the work is carried out grinding and polishing processing.
Above-mentioned magnetic flow liquid can be selected existing commercialization magnetic flow liquid for use, the following magnetic flow liquid that also can select for use its parts by weight to form: silicone oil percentage by weight 50～60%, solid dispersed particle weight percentage 30～40%, oleic acid percentage by weight 2～3%, abrasive material percentage by weight 3～15%.
The solid dispersed particle of above-mentioned homemade magnetic flow liquid mainly is a ferromagnetic material, and carbonyl iron dust, reduced iron powder are arranged.
The free abrasive that adds in the above-mentioned magnetic flow liquid has carborundum (SiC), diamond, cube nitrogenize roc (CBN), alundum (Al (Al
2O
3), silicon nitride (Si
3N
4), zirconia (ZrO
2) wherein one or more mixtures, the abrasive particle diameter is less than 20 microns, the percentage by weight of free abrasive and magnetic flow liquid is less than 15%.
Above-mentioned magnetic can be that permanent magnet also can be an electromagnet, and magnetic can be to be dot matrix by some magnetism stick posts to arrange the grinding and polishing tool that constitutes, and also can be the grinding and polishing tool that distributed magnetic field constitutes.
Above-mentioned workpiece material can be hard brittle materias such as pottery, glass, also can be non magnetic stainless steel and other metal materials.
A kind of magnetic rheology effect ground flat burnishing device technical scheme provided by the invention is that machined surface is that the workpiece 2-1 on plane is installed on the rotary table 5, rotary table 5 links to each other with rotary table main shaft 6, and rotary table main shaft 6 is connected with rotary table spindle motor and transmission mechanism 7; Milling tool X is installed on the fuselage stand 8 and with lathe abrasive disk main shaft 10 to feed system 14 with milling tool Z to feed system 13 and is connected, milling tool spindle motor 12 is connected with milling tool spindle drive 11, lathe abrasive disk main shaft 10 is connected with milling tool spindle drive 11 and is installed on the fuselage stand 8, above-mentioned lathe abrasive disk main shaft 10 is equipped with milling tool, annotates grinding and polishing liquid 3 to milling tool and the workpiece by grinding and polishing nozzle for liquid 15.Above-mentioned grinding and polishing liquid 3 is magnetic flow liquid and abrasive material mixed liquor, the free abrasive particulate 3-2 in the above-mentioned grinding and polishing liquid by the ferromagnetic particles 3-1 chain in magnetic flow liquid parcel, constrain in and constitute magnetic rheology effect abrasive brush 4 together.
Above-mentioned milling tool is selected dot matrix magnetic plane lapping instrument 1-1 for use, can select distributed magnetic plane lapping instrument 1-2 for use in addition.
The magnetic that is distributed with some fine excellent post shapes on the above-mentioned dot matrix magnetic plane lapping instrument 1-1 constitutes the array of magnetic rheology effect abrasive brush 4, the matrix of above-mentioned dot matrix magnetic plane lapping instrument 1-1 is made by nonmagnetic substance, the magnetic of fine excellent post shapes is selected unit permanent magnetism cylinder 1-1-1 or the ferromagnetic cylinder 1-1-2 in unit for use, and the ferromagnetic cylinder 1-1-2 in unit connects dc source 1-1-3 around solenoid 1-1-4 and is connected with conduction copper band slide block assembly 9.
The distributed magnetic plane lapping instrument magnetic 1-2-1 that above-mentioned distributed magnetic plane lapping instrument 1-2 is made by ferromagnetic material is cut apart band 1-1-3 through copper and is divided into circulus and forms distributed magnetic field, magnetism isolating spacer circle 1-2-3 is installed between distributed magnetic plane lapping instrument magnetic 1-2-1 and the distributed magnetic plane lapping tool base, distributed magnetic plane lapping tool base is inlayed solenoid or permanent magnetism lasso 1-2-4, and distributed magnetic plane lapping tool base is made by nonmagnetic substance.
Above-mentioned workbench is selected the workbench of rotary table or the control of numerical control moving interpolation for use.
Be flat shape on the face machined flat integral macroscopic of above-mentioned milling tool.
Itself can rotate above-mentioned milling tool, also can not rotate.
Above-mentioned workpiece material can also can be nonmagnetic substances such as stainless steel for hard brittle materials such as optical glass, carbide alloy, engineering ceramics.
Another kind of magnetic rheology effect grinded curved surface burnishing device technical scheme provided by the invention is that workpiece is installed on the workbench 5, and X is connected with digital control system 17 with workbench 5 respectively to feed system 16 to feed system 13, Y, and digital control system 17 connects computer 18; Z is installed on the fuselage stand 8 and with digital control system 17 to feed system 14 and is connected, milling tool spindle motor 12 is installed in fuselage stand 8 lower ends, above-mentioned milling tool spindle motor 12 is equipped with milling tool, annotates grinding and polishing liquid 3 to milling tool and the workpiece by grinding and polishing nozzle for liquid 15.Above-mentioned grinding and polishing liquid 3 is magnetic flow liquid and abrasive material mixed liquor, the free abrasive particulate 3-2 in the above-mentioned grinding and polishing liquid by the ferromagnetic particles 3-1 chain in magnetic flow liquid parcel, constrain in and constitute magnetic rheology effect abrasive brush 4 together.
Above-mentioned milling tool is selected combined type magnetic curved surface milling tool for use.Above-mentioned milling tool can be selected distributed magnetic curved surface milling tool for use in addition.
Above-mentioned milling tool selects for use combined type magnetic curved surface milling tool to be made of magnetic curved surface milling tool matrix 1-3-1 and circular cross-section permanent magnet 1-3-2, forms the magnetic rheology effect abrasive brush with circular cross-section; Above-mentioned several circular cross-section permanent magnets 1-3-2 is around being installed in around the magnetic curved surface milling tool matrix 1-3-1, and magnetic curved surface milling tool matrix 1-3-1 is made by nonmagnetic substance.
Above-mentioned distributed magnetic curved surface milling tool is by magnetic curved surface milling tool matrix 1-3-1, and the distributed magnetic 1-3-6 that solenoid or permanent magnetism lasso 1-3-3, magnetism isolating spacer circle 1-3-4, copper are cut apart band 1-3-5 and circular cross-section shape forms; Magnetic curved surface milling tool matrix 1-3-1 is made by nonmagnetic substance, circular cross-section distribution of shapes formula magnetic 1-3-6 is made by ferromagnetic material to be cut apart band 1-3-5 through copper and cuts apart the magnetic rheology effect that forms distributed magnetic field and have circular cross-section and grind to be with, solenoid or permanent magnetism lasso 1-3-3 are embedded among the magnetic curved surface milling tool matrix 1-3-1, and magnetism isolating spacer circle 1-3-4 is installed between magnetic curved surface milling tool matrix 1-3-1 and solenoid or the permanent magnetism lasso 1-3-3.
Be the circular cross-section shape on the face machined flat integral macroscopic of above-mentioned milling tool, can rotate or not rotate.
Above-mentioned workpiece is the workpiece 2-2 of axisymmetric curved surface or the workpiece 2-3 of non-axisymmetric curved surface.
Above-mentioned workbench 5 is rectangle travelling table or rotary table.
Above-mentioned workpiece is the curved surface of concave curved surface or convex surface or convex-concave combination.
Above-mentioned workpiece material can also can be nonmagnetic substances such as stainless steel for hard brittle materials such as optical glass, carbide alloy, engineering ceramics.
Magnetic flow liquid is the general name that can be controlled the functional liquid material of its viscosity by magnetic field intensity, ferromagnetic particles bunchiness under the effect of magnetic field is arranged in the magnetic flow liquid, showing as apparent viscosity increases, make and can not the generation of shear-stable liquid have the yield stress of obvious surrender effect, this phenomenon is magnetic rheology effect.
To be the mixture that adds free abrasive in magnetic flow liquid place between the milling tool and workpiece that magnetic makes as grinding and polishing liquid magnetic rheology effect grinding and polishing processing method of the present invention, with undersized magnetic with the certain rule permutation and combination, small size magnetic top forms dot matrix magnetic rheology effect abrasive brush cluster and constitutes milling tool under magnetic field effect, can carry out ultra-smooth polishing processing to plane and curved surface.
Magnetic rheology effect grinding and polishing processing unit (plant) of the present invention is made of the workbench that is installed in the milling tool on the main shaft that connects motor and is used to install workpiece, be characterized in that described milling tool is that plane or curved surface grind working face, constitute dot matrix magnetic rheology effect abrasive brush in the grinding and polishing liquid of being made up of magnetic flow liquid and free abrasive by some small size magnetic permutation and combination, magnetic is made by permanent magnet or electromagnet.
In order to produce the effect that the free abrasive particulate is realized assembling and retraining in magnetic field, the surface of described milling tool matrix has the magnetic of array distribution or continuous distributed.
In order to realize attrition process, be the plane on the working face integral macroscopic of described milling tool to the plane.In order to realize attrition process, be the arc rotary surface shape on the grinding working face integral macroscopic of described milling tool to free form surface.
Action principle of the present invention is: the fine abrasive that will dissociate is sneaked in the magnetic rheological liquid, utilize the magnetic flow liquid magnetic rheology effect that ferromagnetic particles chaining distribution viscosity increases under the effect of magnetic field, the free abrasive particulate is wrapped up by the ferromagnetic particles chain in the magnetic flow liquid, constrain in and form the magnetic rheology effect abrasive brush together, when making tool base with permanent magnet or electromagnet, then form the radial magnetic line of force on the magnetic pole top, because ferromagnetic particles is arranged along the magnetic line of force and has been produced the abundance zone formation magnetic rheology effect abrasive brush that is gathered in the magnetic pole top, the milling tool matrix is made when having distributed magnetic pole of dot matrix or continuous distributed formula magnetic pole, will form organized dot matrix magnetic rheology effect abrasive brush or magnetic rheology effect grinding band in abrasive tool surface, when between milling tool and the workpiece during relative motion magnetic rheology effect abrasive brush or magnetic rheology effect grind band and form the compound movement track and produce the micro-cutting effect at surface of the work thereupon, can implement attrition process to surface of the work, improve its form accuracy and reduce its surface roughness and reach the ultra-smooth degree.
The basic different manifestations of the present invention and existing grinding technology exists: 1) abrasive tool surface of the present invention has the magnetic generation magnetic field of array distribution or continuous distributed; 2) the present invention produces abrasive action on milling tool and workpiece interface is that the magnetic rheology effect of the magnetic rheology effect abrasive brush of array or continuous distributed grinds band rather than individual layer, single free abrasive, has reduced the influence of free abrasive size inhomogeneities to machining accuracy and efficient; 3) abrasive particle of the present invention is that magnetic rheology effect abrasive brush or magnetic rheology effect grind the normal pressure of band generation and the resultant effect of shearing force to the micro-cutting power of surface of the work generation, magnetic rheology effect abrasive brush or magnetic rheology effect grind band itself and have elasticity, the process that acts on finished surface is even, gentle, controlled, rather than apply to free abrasive by mechanism between milling tool matrix or abrasive disk and the workpiece in the mechanical lapping, help obtaining super-smooth surface; 4) magnetic rheology effect abrasive brush or magnetic rheology effect grind band at its different parts because the magnetic field intensity difference has different rigidity and to the maintenance intensity of abrasive particle, simultaneously magnetic rheology effect abrasive brush or magnetic rheology effect grind in the band wear particle concentration and can control, and are beneficial to the control of working (machining) efficiency and machining accuracy in the attrition process process; 5) gap becomes reverse proportionate relationship between magnetic rheology effect abrasive brush abrasive action and milling tool and the surface of the work, salient point has higher material removing rate concave point that lower material removing rate is arranged on the surface of the work, can reach the effect of high efficiency high accuracy grinding and polishing processing super-smooth surface.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the array magnetic rheology effect abrasive brush or the continuous magnetic rheology effect that form in abrasive tool surface grind band, having produced the free abrasive particulate evenly and stably is distributed in abrasive tool surface and acts on workpiece machining surface, having solved in the existing grinding technique free abrasive material can't evenly distribute and abrasive concentration is difficult to keep in workpiece interface, the inhomogeneous difficult problem that influences grinding precision and efficient that waits of abrasive material size, the bond strength that the intensity decision magnetic rheology effect abrasive brush in magnetic field or continuous magnetic rheology effect grind abrasive particle in the band, the process feature is between fixed-abrasive and free abrasive, can remain the concentration and the uniformity of free abrasive material on the workpiece factory interface on the one hand, magnetic rheology effect belongs to soft-constraint to the free abrasive particulate simultaneously, centrifugal force and the effect of micro-cutting power all may make abrasive particle shake off, when being subjected to excessive cutting force, the abrasive particle blunt can cause escaping near the solid-state mobile abrasive particle of magnetic flow liquid surrender, abrasive particle self mechanism in the process constantly comes off the blunt abrasive particle, increased flowing of abrasive particle, improved the removal effect of material, simultaneously, do not need to consider to perplex the tool wear problem of general process.Magnetic rheology effect abrasive brush or continuous magnetic rheology effect grinding band itself have viscoplasticity on the other hand, have played the effect of polishing pad, can not resemble the concretion abrasive grinding tool in the process of lapping and may damage the workpiece machined surface, reach high accuracy attrition process purpose.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the fundamental diagram of magnetic rheology effect grinding method of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is that the present invention uses the magnetic rheology effect Ginding process and carries out plane machining principle figure;
Fig. 3 is that the present invention uses the magnetic rheology effect Ginding process and carries out axial symmetry surface of revolution machining principle figure;
Fig. 4 is that the present invention uses the magnetic rheology effect Ginding process and carries out non-axisymmetric curved surface machining principle figure;
Fig. 5 is the dot matrix magnetic plane lapping tool construction schematic diagram that the present invention uses;
Fig. 6 is the magnetic body structure schematic diagram of the dot matrix magnetic plane lapping instrument that uses of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the distributed magnetic plane lapping tool construction schematic diagram that the present invention uses;
Fig. 8 is the dot matrix magnetic curved surface milling tool structural representation that the present invention uses;
Fig. 9 is the distributed magnetic curved surface milling tool structural representation that the present invention uses;
Figure 10 is the structural representation that the inventive method is carried out plane lapping processing operative installations;
Figure 11 is the structural representation that the inventive method is carried out curved surface attrition process operative installations;
Respectively number implication among the figure: 1. magnetic, 1-1. dot matrix magnetic plane lapping instrument, 1-2. distributed magnetic plane lapping instrument, 1-1-1. unit permanent magnetism cylinder, 1-1-2. the ferromagnetic cylinder in unit, 1-1-3. dc source, 1-1-4. solenoid, 1-2-1. distributed magnetic plane lapping instrument magnetic, 1-2-2. copper is cut apart band, 1-2-3. magnetism isolating spacer circle, 1-2-4. solenoid or permanent magnetism lasso, 1-3. curved surface magnetically grinding instrument, 1-3-1. dot matrix magnetic curved surface milling tool matrix, 1-3-2. the circular cross-section permanent magnet, 1-3-3. solenoid or permanent magnetism lasso, 1-3-4. magnetism isolating spacer circle, 1-3-5. copper is cut apart band, 1-3-6. circular cross-section distribution of shapes formula magnetic, 2. finished surface, the 2-1. machined surface is the workpiece on plane, 2-2. machined surface is the workpiece of axial symmetry surface of revolution, 2-3. machined surface is the workpiece of non-axisymmetric curved surface, 3. grinding and polishing liquid (magnetic flow liquid and abrasive material mixed liquor), 3-1. ferromagnetic particles, 3-2. abrasive particle, 4. magnetic rheology effect abrasive brush, 5. workbench, 6. rotary table main shaft, 7. rotary table spindle motor and transmission mechanism, 8. fuselage stand, 9. conduction copper band slide block assembly, 10. lathe milling tool main shaft, 11. milling tool spindle drive, 12. milling tool spindle motor, 13.X are to feed system, 14.Z is to feed system, 15. grinding and polishing nozzle for liquid, 16.Y to feed system, 17. digital control systems, 18. computers.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is done further concrete description, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
With reference to Fig. 1, the present invention utilizes magnetic rheology effect to make the principle of smooth surface milling tool, be that magnetic 1 is placed among the grinding and polishing liquid (magnetic flow liquid and abrasive material mixed liquor) 3, ferromagnetic particle 3-1 arranges along magnetic line of force bunchiness in the magnetic flow liquid under the effect of magnetic field, the abrasive particle 3-2 that sneaks into wherein is wrapped, constrain between the ferromagnetic particles 3-1 of bunchiness distribution, because the magnetic 1 end magnetic line of force is intensive and radially distribute, thereby free abrasive is assembled and is formed the magnetic rheology effect abrasive brush 4 that can carry out grinding and polishing processing with certain rigidity and bond strength.
Fig. 2 shows the present invention and is used for smooth flat grinding and polishing machining principle figure, as seen from the figure, machined surface is that the workpiece 2-1 on plane is installed on the rotary table 5, dot matrix magnetic plane lapping instrument 1-1 or distributed magnetic plane lapping instrument 1-2 have revolution and axial feed motion, to instrument and workpiece interface, realize grinding and polishing processing by grinding and polishing nozzle for liquid 15 filling grinding and polishing liquid (magnetic flow liquid and abrasive material mixed liquors) 3 to workpiece.Dot matrix magnetic plane lapping instrument 1-1 can be a structure shown in Figure 5, on dot matrix magnetic plane lapping instrument 1-1, be distributed with the magnetic 1-1-1 or the 1-1-2 of some fine excellent post shapes, form the array of magnetic rheology effect abrasive brush 4, the matrix of dot matrix magnetic plane lapping instrument 1-1 is made by nonmagnetic substance.As shown in Figure 6, the magnetic 1 of fine excellent post shapes can be made by unit permanent magnetism cylinder 1-1-1, also can be made by dc source 1-1-3 and solenoid 1-1-4 by the ferromagnetic cylinder 1-1-2 in unit.Distributed magnetic plane lapping instrument 1-2 can be a structure shown in Figure 7, cut apart band 1-2-2 by distributed magnetic plane lapping instrument magnetic 1-2-1, copper, magnetism isolating spacer circle 1-2-3, solenoid or permanent magnetism lasso 1-2-4 form, the magnetic 1-2-1 that distributed magnetic plane lapping instrument 1-2 is made by ferromagnetic material is cut apart band 1-1-3 through copper and is divided into circulus and forms distributed magnetic field, forms magnetic rheology effect and grind and be with in grinding and polishing liquid (magnetic flow liquid and abrasive material mixed liquor) 3.
Fig. 3 shows the present invention and is used for smooth shaft symmetry surface of revolution grinding and polishing machining principle figure, as seen from the figure, machined surface is that the workpiece 2-2 of axial symmetry surface of revolution is installed on the rotary table 5, magnetic curved surface milling tool 1-3 has revolution and axial feed motion, to instrument and workpiece interface, realize grinding and polishing processing by grinding and polishing nozzle for liquid 15 filling grinding and polishing liquid (magnetic flow liquid and abrasive material mixed liquors) 3 to curve surface of workpiece.Fig. 4 shows the schematic diagram that the present invention is used for smooth non-axisymmetric curved surface attrition process, as seen from the figure, machined surface is that the workpiece 2-3 of non-axisymmetric curved surface is installed on the workbench 5 with numerical control moving interpolation, magnetic curved surface milling tool 1-3 has revolution and axial feed motion, to instrument and workpiece interface, realize grinding and polishing processing by grinding and polishing nozzle for liquid 15 filling grinding and polishing liquid (magnetic flow liquid and abrasive material mixed liquors) 3 to curve surface of workpiece.
Fig. 8 shows a kind of concrete structure of magnetic curved surface milling tool 1-3, is made of magnetic curved surface milling tool matrix 1-3-1 and circular cross-section permanent magnet 1-3-2, forms the magnetic rheology effect abrasive brush with circular cross-section.Fig. 9 shows the another kind of concrete structure of magnetic curved surface milling tool 1-3, by magnetic curved surface milling tool matrix 1-3-1, solenoid or permanent magnetism lasso 1-3-3, magnetism isolating spacer circle 134, the distributed magnetic 1-3-6 that copper is cut apart band 1-3-5 and circular cross-section shape forms, and circular cross-section distribution of shapes formula magnetic 1-3-6 is made by ferromagnetic material to be cut apart band 1-3-5 through copper and cut apart the magnetic rheology effect that forms distributed magnetic field and have circular cross-section and grind and be with.
Embodiment 1:
Figure 10 shows the concrete structure that the present invention is used for ultra-smooth plane lapping polishing processing, by array magnetic plane lapping instrument 1-1 or distributed magnetic plane lapping instrument 1-2, conduction copper band slide block assembly 9, dc source 1-1-3 etc. constitute the plane lapping instrument of macroscopic view, milling tool and lathe abrasive disk main shaft 10 link together, milling tool spindle motor 12 is realized the gyrations of plane lapping instrument through milling tool spindle drives 11, be installed in milling tool X on the fuselage stand 8 can realize magnetic plane lapping instrument 1-1 to feed system 14 to feed system 13 and milling tool Z X to Z to feeding.Machined surface is that the workpiece 2-1 on plane is installed on the rotary table 5, rotary table 5 links to each other with rotary table main shaft 6, rotary table spindle motor and transmission mechanism 6 are realized gyration, to instrument and workpiece interface, realize attrition process by grinding and polishing nozzle for liquid 15 filling grinding and polishing liquid (magnetic flow liquid and abrasive material mixed liquors) 3 to workpiece.
Embodiment 2:
Figure 11 shows the concrete structure that the present invention is used for the processing of ultra-smooth curved surface grinding and polishing, curved surface magnetically grinding instrument 1-3 can realize rotating under the driving of milling tool spindle motor 12, machined surface is that the workpiece 2-3 of non-axisymmetric curved surface is installed on the workbench 5 with 3 Shaft and NC Machining Test moving interpolations, X is to feed system 13, Z is realizing that to feed system 16 curved surface magnetically grinding instrument 1-3 and machined surface are the moving interpolation between the workpiece 2-3 of non-axisymmetric curved surface to feed system 14 and Y under the control of digital control system 17, computer 18 is to digital control system 17 transmission process datas, to instrument and workpiece interface, realize attrition process by grinding and polishing nozzle for liquid 15 filling grinding and polishing liquid (magnetic flow liquid and abrasive material mixed liquors) 3 to curve surface of workpiece.
Embodiment 3:
The present invention can process curved surface, its implementation process and the above similar process of convex surface or convex-concave combination by grinding and polishing equally.
Claims (11)
1. abrasive polishing method based on magnetic rheology effect, it is characterized in that: in magnetic flow liquid, add free abrasive and inject between magnetic and the surface of the work as grinding and polishing liquid, ferromagnetic particle bunchiness under the effect of magnetic field in the magnetic flow liquid is arranged the abrasive particle parcel, is constrained in the magnetic end face, formation magnetically grinding brush, constitute milling tool, surface of the work is carried out grinding and polishing processing.
2. according to the described magnetic rheology effect abrasive polishing method of claim 1, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned magnetic flow liquid can be selected existing commercialization magnetic flow liquid for use, the following magnetic flow liquid that also can select for use its parts by weight to form: silicone oil percentage by weight 50～60%, solid dispersed particle weight percentage 30～40%, oleic acid percentage by weight 2～3%, abrasive material percentage by weight 3～15%; The solid dispersed particle of above-mentioned homemade magnetic flow liquid is a ferromagnetic material, selects carbonyl iron dust, reduced iron powder for use.
3. according to the described magnetic rheology effect abrasive polishing method of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the free abrasive that adds in the above-mentioned magnetic flow liquid has carborundum (SiC), diamond, cube nitrogenize roc (CBN), alundum (Al (A1
2O
3), silicon nitride (Si
3N
4), zirconia (ZrO
2) wherein one or more mixtures, the abrasive particle diameter is less than 20 microns, the percentage by weight of free abrasive and magnetic flow liquid is less than 15%.
4. according to the described magnetic rheology effect abrasive polishing method of claim 1, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned magnetic can be that permanent magnet also can be an electromagnet, magnetic can be to be dot matrix by some magnetism stick posts to arrange the grinding and polishing tool that constitutes, and also can be the grinding and polishing tool that distributed magnetic field constitutes; Above-mentioned workpiece material can be pottery, glass hard brittle materia, also can be non magnetic stainless steel metal material.
5. the described magnetic rheology effect ground flat of claim 1 burnishing device, machined surface is that the workpiece on plane is installed on the rotary table, rotary table links to each other with the rotary table main shaft, and the rotary table main shaft is connected with rotary table spindle motor and transmission mechanism; Milling tool X is installed on the fuselage stand and with lathe abrasive disk main shaft to feed system with milling tool Z to feed system and is connected, the milling tool spindle motor is connected with the milling tool spindle drive, lathe abrasive disk main shaft is connected with the milling tool spindle drive and is installed on the fuselage stand, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned lathe abrasive disk main shaft is equipped with milling tool, annotates grinding and polishing liquid to milling tool and the workpiece by the grinding and polishing nozzle for liquid; Above-mentioned grinding and polishing liquid is magnetic flow liquid and abrasive material mixed liquor, the free abrasive particulate in the above-mentioned grinding and polishing liquid by the ferromagnetic particles chain in magnetic flow liquid parcel, constrain in and constitute the magnetic rheology effect abrasive brush together.
6. plane lapping burnishing device according to claim 5 is characterized in that: above-mentioned milling tool is selected dot matrix magnetic plane lapping instrument for use; Above-mentioned milling tool is selected else with distributed magnetic plane lapping instrument.
7. plane lapping burnishing device according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: the magnetic that is distributed with some fine excellent post shapes on the above-mentioned dot matrix magnetic plane lapping instrument constitutes the array of magnetic rheology effect abrasive brush, the matrix of above-mentioned dot matrix magnetic plane lapping instrument is made by nonmagnetic substance, the magnetic of fine excellent post shapes is selected the ferromagnetic cylinder of unit permanent magnetism cylinder or unit for use, and the ferromagnetic cylinder of said units is connected dc source around solenoid and is connected with conduction copper band slide block assembly;
The distributed magnetic plane lapping instrument magnetic that above-mentioned distributed magnetic plane lapping instrument is made by ferromagnetic material is cut apart band through copper and is divided into circulus, the magnetism isolating spacer circle is installed between distributed magnetic plane lapping instrument magnetic and the distributed magnetic plane lapping tool base, distributed magnetic plane lapping tool base is inlayed solenoid or permanent magnetism lasso, and distributed magnetic plane lapping tool base is made by nonmagnetic substance.
8. the described magnetic rheology effect grinded curved surface of claim 1 burnishing device, workpiece is installed on the workbench, X is connected with digital control system with workbench respectively to feed system to feed system, Y, digital control system connects computer, and Z is installed on the fuselage stand and with digital control system to feed system and is connected; The milling tool spindle motor is installed in fuselage stand lower end, and it is characterized in that: above-mentioned milling tool spindle motor is equipped with milling tool, annotates grinding and polishing liquid to milling tool and the workpiece by the grinding and polishing nozzle for liquid; Above-mentioned grinding and polishing liquid is magnetic flow liquid and abrasive material mixed liquor, the free abrasive particulate in the above-mentioned grinding and polishing liquid by the ferromagnetic particles chain in magnetic flow liquid parcel, constrain in and constitute the magnetic rheology effect abrasive brush together.
9. curved surface polishing device according to claim 8 is characterized in that: above-mentioned milling tool is selected combined type magnetic curved surface milling tool for use; Above-mentioned milling tool is selected else with distributed magnetic curved surface milling tool.
10. curved surface polishing device according to claim 9 is characterized in that: combinations thereof formula magnetic curved surface milling tool is made of magnetic curved surface milling tool matrix and circular cross-section permanent magnet, forms the magnetic rheology effect abrasive brush with circular cross-section; Above-mentioned several circular cross-section magnet rings are around being installed in around the magnetic curved surface milling tool matrix;
Above-mentioned distributed magnetic curved surface milling tool is by magnetic curved surface milling tool matrix, and solenoid or permanent magnetism lasso, magnetism isolating spacer circle, copper are cut apart the distributed magnetic composition of band and circular cross-section shape; Circular cross-section distribution of shapes formula magnetic is made by ferromagnetic material and is cut apart band through copper and cut apart the magnetic rheology effect that forms distributed magnetic field and have circular cross-section and grind to be with, solenoid or permanent magnetism lasso are embedded in the magnetic curved surface milling tool matrix, and the magnetism isolating spacer circle is installed between magnetic curved surface milling tool matrix and the circular cross-section distribution of shapes formula magnetic.
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Assignee: JIEYANG DALI PLASTICS MOULD FACTORY Co.,Ltd. Assignor: Guangdong University of Technology Contract record no.: 2011440000190 Denomination of invention: Grinding polishing method based on magnetic rheology effect and its polishing device Granted publication date: 20090513 License type: Exclusive License Open date: 20070718 Record date: 20110321 |
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