CN100593281C - Space micro generation module integrating light, temperature difference and thermal ion electric conversion into one body - Google Patents
Space micro generation module integrating light, temperature difference and thermal ion electric conversion into one body Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides one micro space generation module with photoelectric converter, thermoelectric converter and plasma-to-electricity converter integrated together, and the module has deposited photoelectronic film and hot ion emitting film, semiconductor photoelectronic element and other micro cell module units. The micro space generation module can realize excellent stepped energy utilization and may be used in various fields, especially as the high efficiency and long life cell for micro space craft and other effective load after being provided with isotope fuel. It may be usedin desert and other places with rich solar energy, and may be miniaturized for use in micro electromechanical system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the integrated multi-mode power generating device that a kind of space is used, be particularly related to and a kind ofly deposit optoelectronic film, thermionic generation element, isotope fuel, semiconductor heat electric device or more other types hull cells, thereby realize that light harvesting, the temperature difference and the thermion electricity of the utilization of good step energy are transformed in the space micro generation device of one by particular geometric configuration.
Background technology
In the process of the various explorations that launched so far, development and utilization space, energy technology is a key all the time.Numerous spacecrafts such as artificial satellite, manned spaceship, spacecraft, track manned space center, interplanetary probe etc. because the space need of work, must be equipped with the energy, to satisfy such as demands such as attitude and thermal control, electric propulsion, payload energy consumptions.Therefore, with regard to the exploitation of space energy technology, each spacefaring nation is thrown huge fund always and is done one's utmost to advance.In recent years, because the needs of survey of deep space more make the research and development of long-life, the little energy of lightweight be placed to a vital status.
Different with the ground using energy source is, in the space probation activity, must develop the economy, light, self-centered high efficient energy sources system.In the various spaces energy such as solar cell, atomic battery, thermal cell and fuel cell etc., solar cell can satisfy this requirement to a certain extent really, thereby become important energy source in the space activity, but its photovoltaic conversion efficiency is on the low side at present, reach higher-wattage, need the huge solar panel of erection space, and this can cause manufacturing, emission and the use cost of spacecraft to increase, reliability decrease.We know that the characteristics of space solar are different with earth surface, such as: the luminous energy of the sun has only 1/2200000000th can arrive earth high level, and 53% is reflected and absorbs when atmosphere, only has the energy less than half to arrive earth surface.So, the space on the near-earth surface, the utilization ratio of solar energy is than high a lot of on earth, and this gives and is active in this regional aircraft (as microsatellite etc.) chance of efficiently utilizing solar energy is provided.In addition, the space power equipment also usually works under the extreme environmental conditions, is exposed under the irradiation of sunburst such as their part surface, and remainder then is in the vacuum under the extremely low ambient temperature (about 4K).Can in element, produce very big temperature gradient (the huge and stable temperature difference just may be stood in the inside and outside both sides as the space hull) thus.If can utilize this part free temperature gradient to produce electric power, then significant for communication system, space station and other space activity of astronavigation, satellite.In this respect, thermoelectric element is a kind of power generating device preferably, although its thermo-electric generation efficient is on the low side, technology is ripe relatively, and is simple and light, thereby in fact in space craft, has brought into play effect very early, and continued into the present always.Except that used in the space, the value of the thermoelectric conversion of research also was embodied in energy-conservation and development clean energy resource aspect (as industrial exhaust heat utilization, distributed power generation etc.), ground.Nineteen ninety owing to the power equipment to pollution-free air-conditioning and refrigeration device needs, makes the research that improves the thermoelectric material operating efficiency has been obtained a large amount of funds supports that research temperature is in recent years more tended towards superiority and risen so far in the world.Yet than semiconductor refrigerating research, the thermo-electric generation technology is but out in the cold for a long time.In recent years, along with the worsening shortages of energy resources, this technology progressively becomes the focus of concern.
Select the space energy to need to require to decide, as operational environment, duration, system quality, conversion efficiency and even manufacturing cost etc. according to space mission.Owing to be subjected to the restriction of launch cost, space motion etc., the space energy requires to have characteristics such as small size, high power density.Present space system power supply can be divided into five classes substantially: 1. turbogenerator (short time power supply); 2. fuel cell (short time power supply); 3. photoelectric generator (heavier relatively-every kilowatt electrical power is 50 kilograms, and volume is every kilowatt of electrical power 5-12 square metre); 4. solar generator (can be used as space station replenish the energy); 5. radioisotope thermoelectric generator (long service life, easily development).
In various energy forms, solar cell has become the supportive power supply in the space technology, but along with the increase of power demand, and its cloth sheet area ground straight line that will be directly proportional rises.And this class electric power system must rely on sunlight, needs outfit daylighting orienting device and satellite to enter the storage battery of no photoperiod use; If away from the sun, intensity of sunshine can descend (as near the intensity of sunshine the Mars be near the Earth's orbit intensity 50%), go to survey to Saturn, Jupiter, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto away from the sun as continuing, intensity of sunshine will more significantly weaken, at this moment, the solar cell electric power system loses the meaning of its existence fully.And, when probing into the moon since time at night of the moon be equivalent to 14 days of the earth, therefore unglazed during this period photograph, moon work station can may be frozen ruins, so scientist estimates, adopting nuclear-electric power supply to be expected is a kind of reliable selection, and its core generating element thermoelectric converter just.Progressively for what people admitted be now, remote survey of deep space reaches the place away from the sun for aerial mission, and thermoelectric converter almost is unique optional energy.
In the space energy conversion system, thermoelectric conversion plays a part very important.In the thermoelectric conversion of some spaces, used and reached nearly ten thousand thermoelectric elements, obtain different power output by adjusting its number.With photoelectric conversion process must rely on sunlight different be that thermoelectric conversion is extremely paid attention to owing to possess advantage such as small size, high power density.The source of its heat mainly is to provide by the high nuclear fuel of power density in the past, thus can do whole power-supply system very little, very light.Thermoelectric conversion generally has semiconductor thermoelectric change type and thermionic emission formula.The former is of long duration in the application in space, the Cassini spaceship of U.S. NASA emission has just used three groups of thermoelectric generators, but not immanent solar energy in the space, it relies on the cooling release heat of fuel (isotope), produces electric power thereby drive thermoelectric conversion.Except the thermoelectric conversion regime of this class, thermionic emission formula nuclear-electric power supply also has lot of advantages, be higher than solar cell system far away in high-power its specific power down, and the life-span is extremely long, its many purposes are that solar cell power system can't replace, thereby people generally believe that the performance of thermionic emission formula nuclear reactor power supply is the most superior.In its early stage of development mainly is the needs that satisfy the military aerospace engineering, all adopts the conversion of radioisotope electric heating as its power and thermal source in many solar system detectors.This power supply does not require aspect the attitude of satellite at volume, weight and with respect to the sun, and the 2-2.5 that power can rise to the nominal power value very soon doubly.Isotope battery is a kind of can comparing favourably with solar cell and chemical cell owing to have long, reliable, compact conformation of life-span, characteristics such as not affected by environment, and the space power system of function admirable.At present the viability of isotope thermoelectric generator can reach the more than ten years, and can accomplish very small dimensions, is the button cell of using as heart heartstart such as in this respect an exemplary.Because these characteristics, the isotope thermo-electric generation is the preferable candidate scheme of the miniature energy resource system of development space, and undoubtedly, it is high in the micro-system such as the using value in little aircraft of various disengagings base long-term work.
As seen, the principle that the core technology route of many space power systems is based on photoelectricity-thermoelectricity conversion can realize upgrading lighter high compactness compound energy system along this direction.All there is certain shortcoming separately in the single energy, which kind of generation technology no matter, and their present efficient is all still on the low side, and the important channel of improving its performance is developed exactly and composite type energy resource system, the cascade utilization of realizing energy to make it to reach mutual coupling.In fact, by deeply analyzing the work characteristics of various power generating devices, can see, there is some difference for their operating temperature range, that is to say to have certain temperature gradient, such as, the generating efficiency of thermion electric transducer is very high, can reach Carnot Cycle's Efficiency, but it need be worked under a high temperature; The generating efficiency of semiconductor heat electric device and optoelectronic film is on the low side, but can work under lower temperature.Therefore, from the viewpoint of measures of total energy approach, if can fully these generating elements be coupled to together, and performance electrogenesis advantage separately, be expected to realize the high efficiency utilization of energy from final effect.The present invention is just at the deficiency of space energy single form, a kind of novel combined space micro-energy resource system that provides, its purpose is intended to unite by multiple electrogenesis mode, and fuel such as isotope fuel high in conjunction with heat generation density, that the life-span is extremely long, realize photoelectricity and thermoelectric long-term continual and steady supply.Undoubtedly, light harvesting electricity, thermoelectric and thermion electricity in the combined power generation device of one will be higher than the efficient of any one single power generating device, energy output is more.And, if isotope fuel is replaced fuel such as oil, natural gas etc. conventional on the ground, also be easy to device expansion provided by the invention is applied to ground various military affairs and civilian occasion.Even under the situation of no fuel, this device also can be used as the high-efficiency solar electricity generation module that photoelectricity and thermo-electric generation are coupled.
Summary of the invention
The integrated multi-mode Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) that the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of space to use, be particularly related to and a kind ofly deposit optoelectronic film, thermionic generation element, isotope fuel, semiconductor heat electric device and more other types hull cells, thereby realize that light harvesting, the temperature difference and the thermion electricity of good cascaded utilization of energy are transformed in the space micro generation module of one by particular geometric configuration.
Light harvesting provided by the invention, the temperature difference and thermion electricity are transformed in the space micro generation module of one, and its each parts all can be made of the film-type generating element of routine, and electricity generating principle separately is described below respectively.
Optoelectronic film: when irradiate light arrived metallic surface, metal can discharge electronics, and this effect is called as photovoltaic effect.Optoelectronic thin film material generally has diamond, class brill, ITO nesa coating, polysilicon, titanium nitride, zinc, tungsten etc.Wherein, polysilicon thin-film solar battery had both had the stable performance of body material crystals silion cell, technical maturity and advantage efficiently, reduced the potentiality that material usage significantly reduces cost significantly thereby have again, thereby became the research focus of present photovoltaic circle.
The thermion conductive film: thermionic converter is a kind of device that heat energy is converted into electric energy, its principle is radio part (emitter) is risen to very high-temperature, the electronics of boiling penetrates from the surface, by an extremely narrow electrode gap, arrive a current collection part (collector) that temperature is lower.Thermionic converter is actually a kind of hot machine, so its peak efficiency is subjected to the restriction of Carnot cycle.Typical thermion electricity work parameter is as follows: radio part working temperature 1600-2000K; Curren-collecting part divides work temperature 800-1100K; Electrode gap＜0.5nm; Electrode efficiency＞20%; Energy density 1-10W/cm
2Typical thermion electric material is as follows: the radio part can adopt W, Re, Mo etc.; The current collection part can adopt Nb, Mo etc.; Insulating material can adopt Al2O3, Al2O3/Nb cermet etc.; Inflatable Cs between electrode, vacuum degree is about 1Torr.
Thermoelectric element: thermoelectric effect depends on the Seeback effect.Two different conductor A and B form a path, when two circuit nodes are in different temperatures, will have electric current to produce in the circuit.Thermo-electric generation under the different warm areas need adopt different thermoelectric element materials.For the thermoelectricity under high temperature conversion as when utilizing the waste heat of thermion electricity to generate electricity, need to adopt working temperature than higher thermoelectric element, as GeTe (+Bi), AgSbTe2, SiGe etc.
Except that several film-type generating elements of special introduction here, the film of other types or block generating element also all can be combined by technology path provided by the invention, thereby realize the comprehensive utilization of energy.For for purpose of brevity, main among the present invention with the routine realization approach that this multiple device is described of being combined as of photoelectricity common in the space utilization, thermoelectricity and isotope thermion electric transducer.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Light harvesting provided by the invention, the temperature difference and thermion electricity are transformed in the space micro generation module of one, comprising:
One light collector 6 of parallel placement and a heating panel 7; And
Be placed on successively under the described light collector 6, and an optoelectronic film layer 1, a thermion conductive film layer 2, semiconductor thermal electric film layer 3 and a high density heating module layer 5 between described light collector 6 and heating panel 7;
Be placed on the concentrator 4 of solar light focusing of the top of described light collector 6;
Described optoelectronic film layer 1 comprises the airtight vacuum environment and is placed on negative electrode and anode in this airtight vacuum environment, connects by load circuit between negative electrode and the anode; Described optoelectronic film layer 1 is the nesa coating of the material of diamond, class brill, ITO, polysilicon, titanium nitride, zinc or tungsten material; Its working temperature arrives 1500K at 100K;
Described thermion conductive film layer 2 comprises the confined space that is filled with Cs gas or the vacuum degree vacuum space at 1Torr, and is positioned over the collector electrode and the radio utmost point of confined space or vacuum space, connects by load circuit between the collector electrode and the radio utmost point; The material of described radio part is W, Re, Mo, its working temperature 1600-2000K; The material of described current collection part is Nb, Mo, its working temperature 800-1100K;
The collector electrode of thermion conductive film layer 2 is close on the top of described semiconductor thermoelectric thin layer 3, and the bottom is in the ambient temperature, and described upper and lower connects by load circuit; Described semiconductor thermoelectric thin layer 3 is the thermal electric film layer of GeTe, AgSbTe2 or SiGe material;
The heating module layer that described high density heating module layer 5 is manufactured for Po-235 isotope fuel, oil or Liquefied Natural Gas fuel; The overall dimension of this space micro generation module is that 1mm * 1mm * 1mm is to 100cm * 100cm * 100mm scope.Described optoelectronic film layer 1, thermion conductive film layer 2, semiconductor thermoelectric thin layer 3 and the arranged in series of high density heating module layer 5 for being layering.Described optoelectronic film layer 1, thermion conductive film layer 2, semiconductor thermoelectric thin layer 3 and high density heating module layer 5 are the heat formula that is arranged in parallel.
Described optoelectronic film layer 1 is 1 to 8 layer; Described thermion conductive film layer 2 is 1 to 8 layer; Described semiconductor thermoelectric thin layer 3 is 1 to 8 layer; Which floor is the thin layer of Bi2Te3, PbTe, ZnSb, Ge and InSb material under described; Described high density heating module layer 5 is 1 to 8 layer.The load of electrical generation circuit of described optoelectronic film layer 1, thermion conductive film layer 2 and semi-conductor electricity thin layer is independent.The concentrator 4 of described solar light focusing is any glass that sunlight effectively can be assembled or the sunlight collector of other organic polymer materials.
Described heating panel 7 is the rib-type heating panel of aluminium or the high conduction light heat metal material of titanium.
Light harvesting provided by the invention, the temperature difference and thermion electricity are transformed in the space micro generation module of one, also can comprise: concentric from inside to outside excellent type high density heating module layer 5, thermion conductive film layer 2, semiconductor thermoelectric thin layer 3 and the optoelectronic film layer of placing 1; Described optoelectronic film layer 1, thermion conductive film layer 2, semiconductor thermoelectric thin layer 3 and high density heating module layer 5 are concentric ring or concentric circles.
Wherein, the concentrator 4 of solar light focusing can adopt any effective concentrating method.In the optoelectronic film layer 1, comprised the enclosed vacuum environment, the solar light irradiation that focused on is on its negative electrode, and negative electrode penetrates electronics, flows to anode, connects negative electrode and anode by load circuit, forms electric current.
In the thermion conductive film layer 2, comprised airtight space, the inside can be a vacuum, also can charge into Cs gas.The thermion radio utmost point receives the heat that produces by after the solar energy of optoelectronic film layer 1 or the isotope fuel combustion, reach after the higher working temperature, launch electronics, and flow to the lower collector electrode of temperature, waste heat is then discharged by collector electrode, uses for next stage energy generating element.Load electric connects the collector electrode and the radio utmost point, forms electric current.
The collector electrode of thermion conductive film layer 2 is close on the top of semiconductor thermoelectric thin layer 3, the waste heat that utilizes collector electrode to discharge, and the bottom of semiconductor thermoelectric thin layer is in the ambient temperature.Like this, utilize the huge temperature difference of semiconductor thermoelectric thin layer upper and lower, connect two nodes,, form electric current by means of thermoelectric effect with load circuit.
Still higher as 500 ℃ the situation for semiconductor thermoelectric film substrate temperature, also can arrange a miniature steam turbine herein, inside is provided with working medium such as water, can the bottom of thermal electric film be lowered the temperature on the one hand, on the other hand, the steam that is heated will impact micro-blade, thereby drive electric power generation.This is similar to the situation of combustion decatize vapour combined cycle a bit, and technology is ripe relatively, directly adopts to get final product.
Photonic layer, thermoelectric layer and thermion electricity layer, every layer thickness can be from tens nanometer to tens of centimetres, and area can be from 1mm
2To 1 * 10
4Cm
2Every kind of form of energy can comprise multilayer generating film of the same type, as photonic layer can by deposit 1 to 8 layer photonic absorbance slightly the optoelectronic film of difference constitute, and, can comprise that also operation temperature area has 1 to 8 layer coupling combined type thermoelectric layer together of certain difference for the semiconductive thin film thermoelectric layer.For other film-type power generating devices such as solid micro fuel cell etc., also can make by similar approach.
The material of optoelectronic film layer can have diamond, class brill, ITO nesa coating, polysilicon, titanium nitride, zinc or tungsten etc.Its working temperature can be at 100K to the 1500K scope.Adopting the notion of layering, is to utilize solar energy fully on the one hand; On the other hand, the light of sunlight different wave length can obtain more high efficiency photoelectric conversion efficiency in the thin layer of correspondence.Like this, the whole generating efficiency of photoelectricity part also can be improved.Even at the optoelectronic film layer, its material can also be designed to mixed type, promptly both had photovoltaic property, has the pyroelectricity characteristic again, like this, when this hybrid optical battery when receiving sunlight, the existing electric energy that directly is transformed by sunlight of the electric energy of its output, have again through absorbing to be transformed in the pyroelectricity mode after sunlight becomes heat energy, this photocell efficient obviously can be higher than unicity photocell in the past.
Except utilizing the solar energy heat production, also can adopt fuel such as isotope fuel Po-235 or Po-210 etc. by the radiation damping heat production, also can adopt conventional fuel such as oil, natural gas, by the burning generation heat of microburner.This part high density heating module can be set in the above-described electrogenesis module by serial arrangement or other structures according to the needs of heat management.
The material require of semiconductor thermoelectric thin layer adopts working temperature than higher thermoelectric element, for example GeTe (+Bi), AgSbTe2, SiGe etc., also can be divided into 1 to 8 layer, down below in which floor, can adopt the lower thermoelectric element of working temperature, for example Bi2Te3, PbTe, ZnSb, Ge and InSb etc.Taking the method for layering, is to consider that the lower thermoelectric element generating efficiency of working temperature is higher relatively, and after the layering, the operating efficiency of whole thermoelectric layer can increase.
The material that the thermion thin layer adopts can be: radio part W, Re, Mo, working temperature 1600-2000K; Current collection part Nb, Mo, working temperature 800-1100K; Insulating material Al2O3, Al2O3/Nb CERMET; Electrode inflation Cs, vacuum degree is at 1Torr.
In a word, no matter be optoelectronic film, semiconductor heat electric device, or the thermion electric material, all be directly luminous energy or heat energy to be converted into electric energy, and do not have mechanical moving element.Relative other generation mode, these three kinds of generation modes all are easy, reliable, and every kind of technology is all ripe relatively, and this makes that the making of the multi-mode electricity generation module that this project provides is more feasible; On the other hand, owing to the trial that multiple generation mode is coupled is few, this makes the technology of the present invention have very strong novelty again.Along with the development of science and technology especially development of micro-/ nano technology, no matter be photoelectric material, thermoelectric element or thermion electric material, all developing to microminiaturization and high efficiency direction, make various thin-film material performances further improve.This will make making of the present invention easier.Combined type electric energy transducer provided by the invention, its each assembly such as optoelectronic film, thermoelectric element, isotope fuel etc. all can directly buy, thereby utilize these raw material to make up to there is no difficulty.
More than in the compound power-generating device of Chan Shuing, the load circuit of three parts is independently, and each thin layer is equivalent to a power supply, the internal resistance difference, and generating efficiency and output all are independently, thereby can export electric energy respectively.But on hot-fluid be the relation of a series connection, the energy source of three thin layers is from the heat energy of solar energy or fuel generation.In addition, the compound type energy structure that is proposed by the present invention is not limited to above scheme, also can realize more application in conjunction with more multiple electric modular form such as miniature solid fuel cell, alkali metal fuel cell etc.
The present invention has realized the cascade utilization of energy fully, thus be expected all higher than the efficient of any power generating device based on single electric energy conversion regime in the past, from but a kind of fine and close energy resource system in the efficient utilization of the space and the ground energy, play an important role.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is a kind of stratiform shape combined power generation device architecture schematic diagram provided by the invention;
Accompanying drawing 2 is a kind of plane combined power generation device architecture schematic diagram provided by the invention;
Accompanying drawing 3 is a kind of concentric ring-like combined power generation device architecture schematic diagram provided by the invention.
Wherein: 1-optoelectronic film layer; 2-thermion conductive film layer;
3-semiconductor thermoelectric thin layer; The focalizer of 4-solar light focusing;
5-high density heating module; The 6-light collector;
The 7-heating panel.
Embodiment
Further describe the present invention below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Technology path provided by the invention can be realized the combination of multiple complicated energy module.As example, mainly be illustrated here with the hot cascaded structure that is layering.
Fig. 1 is a kind of stratiform combined power generation device architecture schematic diagram provided by the invention, comprising:
One light collector 6 of parallel placement and a heating panel 7; And
Be placed on an optoelectronic film layer 1, a thermion conductive film layer 2, semiconductor thermoelectric thin layer 3 and a high density heating module layer 5 between light collector 6 and the heating panel 7;
Be placed on the concentrator 4 of solar light focusing of the top of described light collector 6; One optoelectronic film layer 1;
Wherein, be used for concentrator 4, can adopt any effective concentrating method solar light focusing.Concentrator 4 thickness can be at 10nm-10cm, and width and length can be at 1nm to 100cm; Material can be made by glass or some organic polymer materials.For satisfying as far as possible requirements that absorb, flash back the sunlight less, the surface configuration of concentrator 4 and structure can adopt the variation design, or even flexible structure more.
In the optoelectronic film layer 1, comprised the enclosed vacuum environment, the solar light irradiation that focused on is on its negative electrode, and negative electrode penetrates electronics, flows to anode, connects negative electrode and anode by load circuit, forms electric current.The material of optoelectronic film layer can have diamond, class brill, ITO nesa coating, polysilicon, titanium nitride, zinc, tungsten etc.The photoelectricity part can be single step arrangement, also can be that 1 to 8 grade optoelectronic film layer is composited.Its working temperature arrives 1500K at 100K.Adopting the notion of layering, is to utilize solar energy fully on the one hand; On the other hand, the light of sunlight different wave length can obtain more high efficiency photoelectric conversion efficiency in the thin layer of correspondence.Like this, the whole generating efficiency of photoelectricity part also can be improved.
Except that photonic layer, thermoelectric layer and thermion electricity layer, every layer thickness also all can be from the number nanometer to tens of centimetres, and area can be from 1mm
2To 1 * 10
4Cm
2
In the thermion conductive film layer 2, comprised airtight space, the inside can be a vacuum, also can charge into Cs gas.The thermion radio utmost point receives the heat that produces by after the solar energy of optoelectronic film layer 1 or the isotope fuel combustion, reach after the higher working temperature, launch electronics, and flow to the lower collector electrode of temperature, waste heat is then discharged by collector electrode, uses for next stage energy generating element.Load electric connects the collector electrode and the radio utmost point, forms electric current.The material that the thermion thin layer adopts can be: radio part W, Re, Mo, working temperature 1600-2000K; Current collection part Nb, Mo, working temperature 800-1100K; Insulating material Al2O3, Al2O3/NbCERMET; Electrode inflation Cs, vacuum degree is at 1Torr.
The collector electrode of thermion conductive film layer 2 is close on the top of semiconductor thermoelectric thin layer 3, the waste heat that utilizes collector electrode to discharge, and the bottom of semiconductor thermoelectric thin layer is in the ambient temperature.Like this, utilize the huge temperature difference of semiconductor thermoelectric thin layer upper and lower, connect two nodes,, form electric current by means of thermoelectric effect with load circuit.The material require of thermal electric film layer adopts working temperature than higher thermoelectric element, for example GeTe (+Bi), AgSbTe2, SiGe etc., also can be divided into 1 to 8 layer, in down below which floor, can adopt the lower thermoelectric element of working temperature, for example Bi2Te3, PbTe, ZnSb and Ge, InSb etc.Taking the method for layering, is to consider that the lower thermoelectric element generating efficiency of working temperature is higher relatively, and after the layering, the operating efficiency of whole thermoelectric layer also can increase.
Among the present invention, the heat part that is used to realize thermo-electric generation is except utilizing self solar energy heat production, also can adopt high-density propellant such as isotope fuel Po-235 by the radiation damping heat production, also can adopt conventional fuel such as oil, natural gas, by the burning generation heat of microburner.This part structural table is shown in as shown in Figure 1 the high density heating module 5.
Except that the cascaded structure that adopts as shown in Figure 1, more than each power generating device and heating module also can adopt heat structure in parallel to form, as shown in Figure 2.The material that each layer can adopt is the same when connecting with heat.Different is that thermoelectric part, thermion electricity part and photoelectricity part are under the same operation temperature area.Three kinds of solar energy differences that generation mode utilizes, the generating efficiency difference finally can reach a kind of balance, to realize the maximum cascade utilization of energy, improves effective utilization ratio of solar energy.
On the structure of combination, can also adopt cylinder-like structure from inside to outside, as shown in Figure 3.Wherein, from inside to outside, be respectively fuel rod 5, thermion electricity electric organ 2, thermoelectric generator 3 and photovoltaic power generation device 1.Wherein Zhong Jian temperature is the highest, and the outside is an ambient temperature, thereby realizes a huge temperature gradient radially.At the cavity center,,, produce heat promptly as the energy that generates electricity as burner or isotope fuel owing to increased heat production mechanism.For example use radioelement plutonium-235, utilize the emissivity decay of plutonium-235 to discharge heat, can make the two ends of thermion electric device produce temperature gradient and generate electricity.Because isotope fuel power density height, thereby can do entire mechanism very little.Certainly, in cavity, can also adopt more alternate manners that heat energy is provided, for example use the mode of fossil fuel such as oil, combustion of natural gas to realize.For the situation of no fuel, the generation of this temperature gradient also can be by the solar energy that focuses on, and concentrated heats middle cavity, makes its temperature reach the above thermion electricity work temperature of 1200K.The material of each layer still can be above-mentioned all material.
Electricity generation module provided by the invention can play a role under many occasions, particularly after being equipped with isotope fuel, can be used as efficient, the long-life batteries of spacecraft or other payload; In addition, the place of other energy shed perhaps is inconvenient to set up in the relatively abundant place of solar energy on the ground, desert etc. for example, and this device also can play a significant role; It is worthy of note, after the further microminiaturization of electricity generation module provided by the invention, also can be used as the power supply device of some microelectromechanical systemss.
During use,, only need place illuminance local preferably this electricity generation module, can realize electric power output, thereby satisfy the electricity needs of each side if when solar energy is independent energy source.Under the situation of unglazed photograph, can provide thermal source by fuel such as various conventional fuel (oil, natural gas, biomass etc.) or extraordinary nuclear fuel (isotope etc.) are set in module centers, electric energy output promptly is provided serially.Certainly, if joint opto-electronic and thermoelectric power generation also can provide more high-power, electric energy output more efficiently.
Claims (11)
1, a kind of light harvesting, the temperature difference and thermion electricity are transformed in the space micro generation module of one, it is characterized in that, comprising:
One light collector (6) of parallel placement and a heating panel (7); And
Be placed on successively under the described light collector (6), and be positioned at an optoelectronic film layer (1), a thermion conductive film layer (2), semiconductor thermal electric film layer (3) and a high density heating module layer (5) between described light collector (6) and the heating panel (7);
Be placed on the concentrator (4) of solar light focusing of the top of described light collector (6);
Described optoelectronic film layer (1) comprises the airtight vacuum environment and is placed on negative electrode and anode in this airtight vacuum environment, connects by load circuit between negative electrode and the anode; Described optoelectronic film layer (1) is the nesa coating of diamond, class brill, ITO, polysilicon, titanium nitride, zinc or tungsten material; Its working temperature arrives 1500K at 100K;
Described thermion conductive film layer (2) comprises the confined space that is filled with Cs gas or the vacuum degree vacuum space at 1Torr, and is positioned over the collector electrode and the radio utmost point of confined space or vacuum space, connects by load circuit between the collector electrode and the radio utmost point; Described radio utmost point material W, Re or Mo, its working temperature 1600-2000K; Described collector electrode material Nb or Mo, its working temperature 800-1100K;
The collector electrode of thermion conductive film layer (2) is close on the top of described semiconductor thermoelectric thin layer (3), and the bottom is in the ambient temperature, and described upper and lower connects by load circuit; Described semiconductor thermoelectric thin layer (3) is the thermal electric film layer of GeTe, AgSbTe2 or SiGe material;
Described high density heating module layer (5) is the heating module layer that Po-235 isotope fuel, oil or Liquefied Natural Gas fuel are manufactured;
The overall dimension of this space micro generation module is that 1mm * 1mm * 1mm is to 100cm * 100cm * 100mm scope.
2, be transformed in the space micro generation module of one by the described light harvesting of claim 1, the temperature difference and thermion electricity, it is characterized in that: described optoelectronic film layer (1), thermion conductive film layer (2), semiconductor thermoelectric thin layer (3) and high density heating module layer (5) arranged in series for being layering.
3, be transformed in the space micro generation module of one by the described light harvesting of claim 1, the temperature difference and thermion electricity, it is characterized in that: described optoelectronic film layer (1) is 1 to 8 layer.
4, be transformed in the space micro generation module of one by the described light harvesting of claim 1, the temperature difference and thermion electricity, it is characterized in that: described thermion conductive film layer (2) is 1 to 8 layer.
5, be transformed in the space micro generation module of one by the described light harvesting of claim 1, the temperature difference and thermion electricity, it is characterized in that: described semiconductor thermoelectric thin layer (3) is 1 to 8 layer.
6, be transformed in the space micro generation module of one by the described light harvesting of claim 1, the temperature difference and thermion electricity, it is characterized in that: described high density heating module layer (5) is 1 to 8 layer.
7, be transformed in the space micro generation module of one by the described light harvesting of claim 1, the temperature difference and thermion electricity, it is characterized in that: the load circuit of described optoelectronic film layer (1), thermion conductive film layer (2) and semiconductor thermoelectric thin layer (3) is independent.
8, be transformed in the space micro generation module of one by the described light harvesting of claim 1, the temperature difference and thermion electricity, it is characterized in that: the concentrator of described solar light focusing (4) is any glass that sunlight effectively can be assembled or the sunlight collector of other organic polymer materials.
9, be transformed in the space micro generation module of one by the described light harvesting of claim 1, the temperature difference and thermion electricity, it is characterized in that: described heating panel (7) is the rib-type heating panel of aluminium or the high conduction light heat metal material of titanium.
10, a kind of light harvesting, the temperature difference and thermion electricity are transformed in the space micro generation module of one, it is characterized in that, comprising:
Concentric from inside to outside excellent type high density heating module layer (5), thermion conductive film layer (2), semiconductor thermoelectric thin layer (3) and the optoelectronic film layer of placing (1);
Described optoelectronic film layer (1) comprises the airtight vacuum environment and is placed on negative electrode and anode in this airtight vacuum environment, connects by load circuit between negative electrode and the anode; Described optoelectronic film layer (1) is the nesa coating of diamond, class brill, ITO, polysilicon, titanium nitride, zinc or tungsten material; Its working temperature arrives 1500K at 100K;
Described thermion conductive film layer (2) comprises the confined space that is filled with Cs gas or the vacuum degree vacuum space at 1Torr, and is positioned over the collector electrode and the radio utmost point of confined space or vacuum space, connects by load circuit between the collector electrode and the radio utmost point; Described radio utmost point material W, Re or Mo, its working temperature 1600-2000K; Described collector electrode material Nb or Mo, its working temperature 800-1100K;
Described semiconductor thermoelectric thin layer (3) is the thermal electric film layer of GeTe, AgSbTe2 or SiGe material;
Described excellent type high density heating module layer (5) is the heating module layer that Po-235 isotope fuel, oil or Liquefied Natural Gas fuel are manufactured;
The overall dimension of this space micro generation module is that 1mm * 1mm * 1mm is to 100cm * 100cm * 100mm scope.
11, be transformed in the space micro generation module of one by the described light harvesting of claim 10, the temperature difference and thermion electricity, it is characterized in that: described optoelectronic film layer (1), thermion conductive film layer (2), semiconductor thermoelectric thin layer (3) and high density heating module layer (5) are concentric ring or concentric circles.
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| CN1716749A (en) | 2006-01-04 |
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