CN100587393C - Method for prognosticating tumbling time of business occupancy with bottom-frame structure - Google Patents
Method for prognosticating tumbling time of business occupancy with bottom-frame structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN100587393C CN100587393C CN200710303966A CN200710303966A CN100587393C CN 100587393 C CN100587393 C CN 100587393C CN 200710303966 A CN200710303966 A CN 200710303966A CN 200710303966 A CN200710303966 A CN 200710303966A CN 100587393 C CN100587393 C CN 100587393C
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method of pre-warning the collapse time of business-living buildings with bottom frame structure in fire. First, a support is firmly erected in a safe distance from a building to be observed, a digital camera and a telescope are connected and mounted on the support, and the video output of the digital cameral is connected to a computer; through the exterior wall window ofthe building to be observed, the digital camera captures an image in fixed size on the indoor wall one floor higher than the fire floor of the building; a reference point is selected from the image;the coordinates of the reference point in the image are determined by scanning; the increase of the coordinate variables of the reference point in the adjacent images captured by times of capture, soas to obtain vertical deformation of posts at the lower part of the building; when deformation of the posts at the lower part of the building gets severer and the total compression deformation reachesthe maximum extension deformation value, the final collapse pre-warning is given; the method and the instrument can continuously track the vertical deformation of the posts at the lower part of the buildings with bottom frame structure, and pre-warn the collapse time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of bottom framework structure commercial and residential building in fire, collapse forecasting procedure and the instrument of time, particularly related to a kind of bottom framework structure commercial and residential building of building by reinforced concrete in fire, collapse forecasting procedure and the instrument of time.
Background technology
The bottom framework structure is meant at construction bottom and adopts the reinforced concrete frame system, forms than large space to make building for commercial use; Adopt brick mix structure on building top, be commonly used for dwelling house.The bottom framework construction is bigger because of the deadweight of its superstructure, build non-seismic region in more, and bottom Room in Fire load is bigger, and bottom frame beam section size is big, and temperature internal force is big and refractability is poor, might collapse in fire.If the attacker withdraws too early in fire attack, will miss fire extinguishing opportunity, it is slow to withdraw, and may cause heavy casualties.Accurately forecast the time that the bottom framework structure collapses in fire, prolong attack time as far as possible, before the generation of collapsing, can in time withdraw again, can effectively improve fire fighting usefulness, can guarantee fire extinguishing personnel's safety simultaneously.
At present, people only judge by rule of thumb the bottom framework structure time of collapsing in fire, yet there are no the report of relevant forecasting procedure and equipment.Although people can set up the structural collapse forecasting model of normal quality standard with fire dynamics and the fire-resistant theory of building structure, but still can't forecast the bottom framework structure time of collapsing in fire with architecture quality defective.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to solve the bottom framework structure commercial and residential building time of collapsing in fire only judges by rule of thumb and can't more accurately forecast this problem of the time of collapsing, the forecasting procedure and the field observation instrument that provide a kind of bottom framework structure that includes the architecture quality defective to collapse the time in fire.
In order to finish purpose of the present invention, the present invention implements in the following ways:
In fire, the collapse forecasting procedure of time of a kind of bottom framework structure commercial and residential building of the present invention, wherein:
(1) elder generation apart from waiting to observe the safe distance place of buildings set up firmly, with rack-mount after digital camera and the telescope butt joint, and with its video output connection full-computerized, after this keeps position of camera constant on support;
(2) by waiting to observe the window on the skin, clearly photograph the image of the width of cloth fixed measure on the indoor interior wall of building fire layer last layer with digital camera, gather and be shown on the screen of computer;
(3) in this image, select a luminophor or border, dark space as the reference point, write down the characteristic information of this reference point, determine the coordinate of this reference point in image by scanning;
(4) when the pillar expanded by heating of buildings bottom or destroy produce compression deformation after, this reference point its position in taking the photograph image changes, by to the image scanning of new shooting, redefine this reference point new coordinate in image;
(5) computer is regularly preserved the image that sends and is amplified, and by continuous shooting and scanning, calculates the changes in coordinates increment of reference point in the image of adjacent shooting, thereby obtains the vertical deformation of the pillar of buildings bottom;
(6) when the vertical deformation of the pillar of buildings bottom when roughly stable turning shortens, buildings enters failure stage, can send yellow early warning; When reaching the initial deformation value, the pillar total deformation of buildings bottom sends orange early warning; When the distortion of the pillar of buildings bottom sharply increases, when the total compression distortion reaches the maximum elongation deformation values, send the red early warning early warning of promptly collapsing at last;
In fire, the collapse forecasting procedure of time of bottom framework structure commercial and residential building of the present invention, wherein; Described telescope is the telescope with 200-500 times of enlargement factor;
In fire, the collapse forecasting procedure of time of bottom framework structure commercial and residential building of the present invention, wherein: described digital camera is the digital camera of 1,020 ten thousand pixels at least, image resolution ratio reaches 3872 * 2592,2592 points will be arranged in vertical direction, and the physical size of institute's images acquired vertical direction is at 80-120mm;
In fire, the collapse forecasting procedure of time of bottom framework structure commercial and residential building of the present invention, wherein: the characteristic information in the described step (3) is brightness and connectedness:
In fire, the collapse forecasting procedure of time of bottom framework structure commercial and residential building of the present invention, wherein: the safe distance in the described step (1) is 50～100 meters;
In fire, the collapse forecasting procedure of time of bottom framework structure commercial and residential building of the present invention, wherein: the timing in the described step (5) is 5 seconds-5 minutes;
In fire, the collapse employed instrument of forecasting procedure of time of bottom framework structure commercial and residential building of the present invention, wherein; It comprises: support, digital camera, telescope and computer, telescope are docked on the camera lens of digital camera, and digital camera is erected on the support, and digital camera links to each other with computer by information wire;
In fire, the collapse employed instrument of forecasting procedure of time of bottom framework structure commercial and residential building of the present invention, wherein: described digital camera be at least 1,020 ten thousand pixels, described telescope is the telescope with 200-500 times of enlargement factor, described computer is a portable notebook computer;
In fire, the collapse employed instrument of forecasting procedure of time of bottom framework structure commercial and residential building of the present invention, wherein: described support is height and all adjustable support of angle;
Collapse in the fire employed instrument of forecasting procedure of time of bottom framework structure commercial and residential building of the present invention, wherein: described instrument also comprises: secondary light source.
Use the inventive method and instrument, can be in fire Continuous Tracking bottom framework construction in vertical distortion, and then its time of collapsing forecast, the decision-making foundation of withdrawing is provided for the incident commander, under the prerequisite that guarantees attacker's safety, prolong attack time as far as possible, improve fire extinguishing effectiveness.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is collapse in the fire synoptic diagram of instrument of the forecasting procedure of time and use of a kind of bottom framework structure commercial and residential building of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the curve map of elongation, compression variation and the time relationship of reinforced column in fire testing.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, earlier support 4 is waited to observe 50～100 meters safe distance place of buildings 6 set up firmly in distance, be installed on the support 4 after the telescope 8 that will have a 200-500 times of enlargement factor connects with 1 pair of digital camera, and its video output is connected to notebook computer 3.After this keep camera 1 invariant position.The enlargement factor of telescope 10 can reach 200-500 doubly, be preferably 400 times, by waiting to observe the window on buildings 6 exterior walls, can clearly photograph the image 7 of the width of cloth fixed measure on the indoor interior wall of buildings 6 fire layer last layer, and gather and be shown on the screen of notebook computer 3 by digital camera 1.On notebook computer 3, regularly the image that sends is preserved and amplified by process software commonly used.According to the different demands of measurement period, computer 3 is preserved the image that sends in 5 seconds-5 minutes time range and is amplified.In this image 7, select a luminophor or border, dark space as the reference point, write down the characteristic information of this reference point,, and note the coordinate of this reference point in image as brightness and connectedness etc.Behind the pillar expanded by heating or destruction generation compression deformation of buildings 6 bottoms, this reference point its position in taking the photograph image 7 changes, find the characteristic information of this reference point to identify this point by image 7 scannings, contrast to new shooting, calculate its coordinate, i.e. reference point new coordinate position in image.By continuous shooting and scanning, calculate the changes in coordinates increment of reference point in the image 7 of adjacent shooting, thereby obtain the vertical deformation of the pillar of buildings 6 bottoms.
Pillar does not produce new compression deformation in the damage as yet of heating initial stage structure, be heated after expansion elongation of post; After this, column section produces certain damage and compression deformation, and its value is roughly suitable with elongation strain, and bulk deformation tends towards stability; In the fire later stage, pillar cross section medial temperature further raises to produce largely and destroys, and greater than elongation strain, the total compression distortion sharply increases, and then collapses in compression deformation (comprising that lateral deformation increases the shortening that causes).
So the principle of forecasting procedure of the present invention is to utilize the axial deformation of pillar in fire of buildings 6 to forecast bottom framework construction collapsing the time in fire.When pillar distortion when roughly stable turning shortens (as the peak of Fig. 2 curve), new fail in compression distortion is greater than the thermal elongation distortion, and pillar enters failure stage, can send yellow early warning; When the pillar total deformation reaches the initial deformation value, (pass coordinate axis), send orange early warning as Fig. 2 curve; When pillar compression deformation sharply increases, when the total compression distortion reaches maximum deformation value (continue to descend as Fig. 2 curve, decline place reaches the distance of the peak of curve apart from coordinate axis apart from the distance of coordinate axis), send the red early warning early warning of promptly collapsing at last.The commander can assign evacuation order in view of the above, protection fire extinguishing personal security.
The vertical deformation accuracy of observation of buildings 6 should be not less than 0.1mm.
When the enlargement factor of optical zoom transfers to 200 times, adopt the digital camera 1 of 1,020 ten thousand pixels, image resolution ratio will reach 3872 * 2592, and 2592 points will be arranged in vertical direction, the physical size of institute's images acquired vertical direction will be controlled at 80-120mm, be preferably 100mm.Precision so in vertical direction can reach 100/2592mm, i.e. 0.0386mm.Satisfy the request for utilization of 0.1mm fully.
Imgae processing software commonly used in the notebook computer 3 can be chosen luminophor or dark space automatically as the reference point, and changes into as shown in Figure 2 buildings 6 vertical deformations and time relation curve.The fire of testing in Fig. 2 that is subjected to highly is 3m, and loading ratio is 0.72, and the fire that is subjected to of practical structures highly is at least 4.5m, and the loading ratio is 0.5-0.6.
When using night, can heighten the light sensitivity of digital camera, increase aperture, make it have certain Infravision, or adopt secondary light source irradiation target.
Collapse in the fire employed instrument of forecasting procedure of time of bottom framework structure commercial and residential building of the present invention comprises: support 4, digital camera 1, telescope 8, computer 3 and secondary light source 5, digital camera 1 and 10 pairs of telescopes are connected after-frame to be located on the support 4, digital camera 1 links to each other with computer 3 by information wire 2, and the light that secondary light source 5 sends faces toward the captured image of digital camera 1.
Above embodiment is an explanation of the invention, is not that institute of the present invention restricted portion is referring to claim to the qualification of invention, and under the situation of spirit of the present invention, the present invention can do any type of modification.
Claims (6)
1. the bottom framework structure commercial and residential building forecasting procedure of time of collapsing in fire is characterized in that:
(1) earlier support (4) is set up firmly at the safe distance place apart from buildings to be observed (6), with digital camera (1) be installed on the support (4) after telescope (8) docks, and the output of its video is connected to computer (3), after this keep camera (3) invariant position;
(2) by the window on buildings to be observed (6) exterior wall, clearly photograph the image (7) of the width of cloth fixed measure on the indoor interior wall of buildings (6) fire layer last layer with digital camera (1), this image (7) is gathered and is shown on the screen of computer (3);
(3) in this image (7), select a luminophor or border, dark space as the reference point, write down the characteristic information of this reference point, determine the coordinate of this reference point in image by scanning;
(4) when the pillar expanded by heating of buildings (6) bottom or destroy produce compression deformation after, this reference point its position in taking the photograph image changes, and scans, redefines this reference point new coordinate in image by the image (7) to new shooting;
(5) computer (3) is regularly preserved the image that sends and is amplified, and by continuous shooting and scanning, calculates the changes in coordinates increment of reference point in the image (7) of adjacent shooting, thereby obtains the vertical deformation of the pillar of buildings (6) bottom;
(6) when the vertical deformation of the pillar of buildings (6) bottom when roughly stable turning shortens, the pillar of buildings (6) bottom enters failure stage, can send yellow early warning; When reaching the initial deformation value, the total deformation of the pillar of buildings (6) bottom sends orange early warning; When the distortion of the pillar of buildings (6) bottom sharply increases, when the total compression distortion reaches the maximum elongation deformation values, send the red early warning early warning of promptly collapsing at last.
2. collapse in the fire forecasting procedure of time of bottom framework structure commercial and residential building as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the telescope of described telescope (8) for having the 200-500 enlargement factor.
3. in fire, the collapse forecasting procedure of time of bottom framework structure commercial and residential building as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: described digital camera (1) is the digital camera that is at least 1,020 ten thousand pixels, image resolution ratio will reach 3872 * 2592,2592 points are arranged in vertical direction, and the physical size of institute's images acquired vertical direction is at 80-120mm.
4. collapse in the fire forecasting procedure of time of bottom framework structure commercial and residential building as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: the characteristic information in the described step (3) is brightness and connectedness.
5. collapse in the fire forecasting procedure of time of bottom framework structure commercial and residential building as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: the safe distance in the described step (1) is 50～100 meters.
6. collapse in the fire forecasting procedure of time of bottom framework structure commercial and residential building as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: the timing in the described step (5) is 5 seconds-5 minutes.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN200710303966A CN100587393C (en) | 2007-12-24 | 2007-12-24 | Method for prognosticating tumbling time of business occupancy with bottom-frame structure |
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| CN200710303966A CN100587393C (en) | 2007-12-24 | 2007-12-24 | Method for prognosticating tumbling time of business occupancy with bottom-frame structure |
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| CN101201244A CN101201244A (en) | 2008-06-18 |
| CN100587393C true CN100587393C (en) | 2010-02-03 |
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| CN200710303966A Expired - Fee Related CN100587393C (en) | 2007-12-24 | 2007-12-24 | Method for prognosticating tumbling time of business occupancy with bottom-frame structure |
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101696888B (en) * | 2009-10-23 | 2011-02-09 | 中国科学技术大学 | Simulation experiment device of fire disaster on external wall face of urban building |
| CN106767718B (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2019-06-14 | 中国矿业大学 | Steel building collapsing risk monitoring method in fire |
| CN107289916A (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2017-10-24 | 公安部四川消防研究所 | A kind of method deformed in fire using situation detection by laser building structure |
| CN111504260A (en) * | 2019-01-11 | 2020-08-07 | 杨润琴 | Resident building data alarm method |
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Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 评估钢筋混凝土结构火灾后剩余承载力的当量时间. 屈立军.工程建筑，第35卷. 2005 |
| 评估钢筋混凝土结构火灾后剩余承载力的当量时间. 屈立军.工程建筑，第35卷. 2005 * |
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