CN100573178C - Charging rate estimating method, charging rate estimating unit and battery system - Google Patents

Abstract

Charging rate estimating method of the present invention is in order to infer the charge rate to the secondary accumulator battery of load supply capability, handle (step S11) behind the initial setting of necessary parameter, measure the voltage of secondary accumulator battery in preset time after discharging and recharging end, on time shaft, obtain a plurality of voltage determination values (step S12), use them to calculate (step S14～S21) one by one, the above decaying exponential function of secondary of the time response of the open-circuit voltage of the approximate secondary accumulator battery of decision, at least obtain the convergency value (step S22) of the open-circuit voltage of secondary accumulator battery according to the coefficient of decision, infer charge rate (step S24) according to the convergency value of open-circuit voltage.Open-circuit voltage with the approximate secondary accumulator battery of high precision is provided, can correctly infers the charging rate estimating method of charge rate.

Description

Charging rate estimating method, charging rate estimating unit and battery system

Technical field

The present invention relates to infer to the charging rate estimating method of the charge rate of the secondary accumulator battery of load supply capability, the technical field of charging rate estimating unit.

Background technology

So far, the secondary accumulator batteries such as lead accumulator that carry in the secondary accumulator battery of using about the power supplys back standby or various devices of various devices, the automobile wish correctly to know remaining charge rate.Generally, in secondary accumulator battery, because charge rate is relevant with open-circuit voltage, so, can infer charge rate by obtaining open-circuit voltage., the open-circuit voltage of secondary accumulator battery need carry out under the state that does not carry out charge or discharge, and after charge or discharge finish, open-circuit voltage reach need before stable long-time.Therefore, propose variously under specified criteria, measure the open-circuit voltage of secondary accumulator battery at short notice,, obtain the method (for example, patent documentation 1～3) of the convergency value of open-circuit voltage according to the approximate function of the time response of open-circuit voltage.

Patent documentation 1: the spy opens flat 7-98367 communique

Patent documentation 2: the spy opens the 2002-234408 communique

Patent documentation 3: the spy opens the 2003-75518 communique

When obtaining the convergency value of open-circuit voltage of secondary accumulator battery with described method in the past, its precision exists with ... the precision of the function that uses in the approximate treatment.For example generally be the function that has time response according to polynomial function or logarithmic function etc., calculate the method for the convergency value of open-circuit voltage., these functions are difficult to high precision approximate the time response of the open-circuit voltage of secondary accumulator battery, and the error of the convergency value of the open-circuit voltage of obtaining increases.Therefore, when inferring the charge rate of secondary accumulator battery by described method in the past, high precision is guaranteed in the restriction of the function that is difficult to use from approximate treatment, can't infer that the fact of correct charge rate becomes problem.

Summary of the invention

Therefore, the present invention proposes in view of these problems, its purpose is: providing can be with the open-circuit voltage of the approximate secondary accumulator battery of high precision, is obtained the convergency value of open-circuit voltage in the short time, can correctly infer the charging rate estimating method of secondary accumulator battery charge rate.

In order to solve described problem, the charging rate estimating method of the present invention's first form is inferred the charge rate of the secondary accumulator battery that load is supplied with, measure the voltage of described secondary accumulator battery in preset time after charging and discharging finishes, on time shaft, obtain a plurality of voltage determination values, use the voltage determination value of described function, calculate one by one, decision is the coefficient of the decaying exponential function of (in the present specification " more than " comprise given figure) more than the approximate secondary of the time response of the open-circuit voltage of described secondary accumulator battery, at least according to the coefficient of described decision, obtain the convergency value of the open-circuit voltage of described secondary accumulator battery, according to the convergency value of described open-circuit voltage, infer described charge rate.

According to the present invention, secondary accumulator battery discharge and recharge given after the end time time in, on time shaft, obtain a plurality of voltage determination values, in view of the above, calculate one by one, obtain the convergency value of the open-circuit voltage of secondary accumulator battery.At this moment, for the time response of the open-circuit voltage of approximate secondary accumulator battery,,, can improve approximate precision especially so compare when using polynomial function with logarithmic function so use the above decaying exponential function of secondary.And, infer the charge rate of secondary accumulator battery according to the convergency value of the open-circuit voltage of obtaining, so can reflect the precision of the time response of open-circuit voltage, can carry out the supposition of correct charge rate.

The charging rate estimating method of the charging rate estimating method of second form of the present invention first form according to the present invention, in the charging rate estimating method of first form of the present invention, according to the moment of on time shaft, obtaining described a plurality of voltage determination values, except given that comprises in the decaying exponential function more than the described secondary, obtain the convergency value of the open-circuit voltage of described secondary accumulator battery.

According to the present invention, except the effect of the charging rate estimating method of first form of the present invention, can reduce the number of times of function according to the restriction of operational precision and system with adjusting to changed conditions, can realize the reduction of operand.

The charging rate estimating method of the 3rd form of the present invention, uses to time T, by expression formula 11 as described decaying exponential function according to the charging rate estimating method of first form of the present invention

F(T)＝A1exp(A5·T)+A2exp(A6·T)+C

The function F (T) of expression determines 5 coefficient A1, A2, A5, A6, C.

According to the present invention, effect except the charging rate estimating method of first form of the present invention, also according to the computing method one by one that existed, 5 coefficient A1, the A2, A5, A6, the C that comprise among the determining function F (T) can be with the convergency values of fewer calculated amount decision open-circuit voltage.

The charging rate estimating method of the 3rd form of the present invention, uses to time T, by expression formula 12 as described decaying exponential function according to the charging rate estimating method of first form of the present invention

F(T)＝A1exp(A5·T)+A2exp(A6·T)+A3exp(A7·T)+A4exp(A8·T)+A9

The function F (T) of expression determines 9 coefficient A1～A9.

According to the present invention, except the effect of the charging rate estimating method of first form of the present invention, also according to the computing method one by one that existed, 9 coefficients that comprise among the determining function F (T) can be with the convergency value of fewer calculated amount decision open-circuit voltage.

The charging rate estimating method of the 4th form of the present invention is according to the charging rate estimating method of the 3rd form of the present invention, and when first obtained described a plurality of voltage determination value after constantly, (T) was replaced into expression formula 13 described function F

F(T)＝A2exp(A6·T)+A3exp(A7·T)+A4exp(A8·T)+A9

When second obtained described a plurality of voltage determination value after constantly, (T) was replaced into expression formula 14 described function F

F(T)＝A3exp(A7·T)+A4exp(A8·T)+A9

When the 3rd obtained described a plurality of voltage determination value after constantly, (T) was replaced into expression formula 15 described function F

F(T)＝A4exp(A8·T)+A9

Obtain the convergency value of the open-circuit voltage of described secondary accumulator battery respectively.

According to the present invention, except the effect of the charging rate estimating method of the 3rd form of the present invention, when using decaying exponential function, reduce the number of times of decaying exponential function constantly successively according to voltage determination, consider the necessary operational precision and the balance of operand, the supposition computing optimization of charge rate.

The charging rate estimating method of the 5th form of the present invention is according to the charging rate estimating method of first～the 4th form of the present invention, about at least one secondary accumulator battery in the secondary accumulator battery more than 2, infer charge rate, a described secondary accumulator battery can be confirmed the state of charge rate.

The charging rate estimating method of the 6th form of the present invention is according to the charging rate estimating method of first～the 5th form of the present invention, at least infer the charge rate of 2 secondary accumulator batteries, have the charge rate that shows secondary accumulator battery or/and whether need to charge or the storage part of the history of the display part of the information changed, the information that maybe can continue to use, the described secondary accumulator battery of record, the control detection unit of the program with the history that keeps or/and continue to judge the secondary accumulator battery that the charging use maybe can continue to use is set at least.

The charging rate estimating unit of the 7th form of the present invention is inferred the charge rate of the secondary accumulator battery of load supply capability, being comprised: the voltage sensor of measuring the voltage of described secondary accumulator battery; Carry out the control part that control is used to infer the computing of described charge rate; Storage is from the magnitude of voltage of described voltage sensor output, based on the storage part of the necessary data of calculation process of described control part; Described control part reads the output of described voltage sensor in the preset time after discharging and recharging end, on time shaft, obtain a plurality of voltage determination values, be stored on the described storage part, a plurality of voltage determination values that use is read from described storage part, calculate one by one, decision is the coefficient of the above decaying exponential function of the approximate secondary of the time response of the open-circuit voltage of described secondary accumulator battery, coefficient according to described decision, obtain the convergency value of the open-circuit voltage of described secondary accumulator battery, infer described charge rate according to the convergency value of described open-circuit voltage, thereby carry out the described computing of control.

The charging rate estimating unit of the 8th form of the present invention is according to the charging rate estimating unit of the 7th form of the present invention, according to the moment of on time shaft, obtaining described a plurality of voltage determination values, except given that comprises in the decaying exponential function more than the described secondary, obtain the convergency value of the open-circuit voltage of described secondary accumulator battery.

The charging rate estimating unit of the 9th form of the present invention is according to the charging rate estimating unit of the 7th form of the present invention, described control part use as described decaying exponential function for time T by expression formula 16

F(T)＝A1exp(A5·T)+A2exp(A6·T)+C

The function F (T) of expression determines 5 coefficient A1, A2, A5, A6, C.

The charging rate estimating unit of the 9th form of the present invention is according to the charging rate estimating unit of the 7th form of the present invention, described control part use as described decaying exponential function for time T by expression formula 17

F(T)＝A1exp(A5·T)+A2exp(A6·T)+A3exp(A7·T)+A4exp(A8·T)+A9

The function F (T) of expression determines 9 coefficient A1～A9.

The charging rate estimating unit of the tenth form of the present invention is according to the charging rate estimating unit of the 9th form of the present invention, and described control part is when first obtains described a plurality of voltage determination value after constantly, and (T) is replaced into expression formula 18 described function F

F(T)＝A2exp(A6·T)+A3exp(A7·T)+A4exp(A8·T)+A9

When second obtained described a plurality of voltage determination value after constantly, (T) was replaced into expression formula 19 described function F

F(T)＝A3exp(A7·T)+A4exp(A8·T)+A9

When the 3rd obtained described a plurality of voltage determination value after constantly, (T) was replaced into expression formula 20 described function F

F(T)＝A4exp(A8·T)+A9

Obtain the convergency value of the open-circuit voltage of described secondary accumulator battery respectively.

According to the charging rate estimating unit of the 7th～the 10th form of the present invention, constitute the device of using foregoing invention, by fairly simple control, can improve the reliability of the device that carries secondary accumulator battery.

The charging rate estimating unit of the 11st form of the present invention about at least one secondary accumulator battery in the secondary accumulator battery more than 2, is inferred charge rate according to the 7th～the 10th form of the present invention, and a described secondary accumulator battery can be confirmed the state of charge rate.

The charging rate estimating unit of the 11st form of the present invention is according to the of the present invention the 7th～the 11st, at least infer the charge rate of 2 secondary accumulator batteries, have the charge rate that shows secondary accumulator battery or/and whether need to charge or the storage part of the history of the display part of the information changed, the information that maybe can continue to use, the described secondary accumulator battery of record, the control detection unit of the program with the history that keeps or/and continue to judge the secondary accumulator battery that the charging use maybe can continue to use is set at least.

The battery system of the 13rd form of the present invention has any one of charging rate estimating unit of the 7th～the 12nd form of the present invention.

According to the present invention, constitute battery system with above-mentioned charging rate estimating unit, in multiple field, can realize the battery system of reliability height, ease of use excellence.

The vehicle battery system of the 10th form of the present invention has any one of charging rate estimating unit of the 5th～the 8th form of the present invention, and described secondary accumulator battery is the vehicle secondary accumulator battery to the load supply capability of carrying on the vehicle.

According to the present invention, can in vehicular applications, use above-mentioned battery system, infer to the vehicle of the load supply capability of carrying on the vehicle charge rate, so can realize reliability height, the good vehicle battery system of ease of use with secondary accumulator battery.

As mentioned above, according to the present invention, with the time response of the open-circuit voltage of the approximate secondary accumulator battery of the decaying exponential function more than the secondary,, correctly infer the charging rate estimating method of secondary accumulator battery charge rate so the convergency value of obtaining open-circuit voltage at short notice can be provided.

Description of drawings

Following brief description accompanying drawing.

Fig. 1 is the block diagram of schematic configuration of the battery system of expression present embodiment.

Fig. 2 is the block diagram of schematic configuration of the vehicle battery system of expression present embodiment.

Fig. 3 is the figure of the time response of the open-circuit voltage after the charging of expression secondary accumulator battery finishes, and is the figure of the concrete example of expression when using the approximate open-circuit voltage of decaying exponential function.

Fig. 4 is the number of times about by the approximate open-circuit voltage of the decaying exponential function that uses in the present embodiment time and the relation of precision, the figure of expression.

Fig. 5 is the charge rate of the secondary accumulator battery carried out in the vehicle battery system about present embodiment, and the program flow diagram of concrete calculation process flow process is described.

Fig. 6 is in the variation of present embodiment, about 4 times decaying exponential function, and the time response of the open-circuit voltage when comprising the 1st～4 whole composition.

Fig. 7 is in the variation of present embodiment, about 4 times decaying exponential function, only comprise the 1st the time the time response of open-circuit voltage.

Fig. 8 is in the variation of present embodiment, about 4 times decaying exponential function, only comprise the 2nd the time the time response of open-circuit voltage.

Fig. 9 is in the variation of present embodiment, about 4 times decaying exponential function, only comprise the 3rd the time the time response of open-circuit voltage.

Figure 10 is in the variation of present embodiment, about 4 times decaying exponential function, only comprise the 4th the time the time response of open-circuit voltage.

Figure 11 is in the variation of present embodiment, shows charging rate estimating result's structure.

Figure 12 is in the variation of present embodiment, and accumulator one side and demonstration one side are by wireless demonstration charging rate estimating result's structure.

Figure 13 is in the variation of present embodiment, measures an example of a plurality of accumulators.

Figure 14 is in the variation of present embodiment, with the example of a plurality of accumulators of device management.

Symbol among the figure: 10-secondary accumulator battery; The 11-charging circuit; The 12-voltage sensor; The 13-control part; The 14-storage part; 4,20-load.

Embodiment

The embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.In the present embodiment, situation when of the present invention is described for the vehicle battery system applies of the function of the charge rate with the secondary accumulator battery that carries in the vehicles such as secondary accumulator battery that the power supplys back standby or various devices of inferring various devices use or automobile.

Fig. 1 is the block diagram of the schematic configuration of the secondary accumulator battery used of the power supplys back standby or various devices of various devices of expression present embodiment or vehicle battery system.In Fig. 1, have a plurality of batteries, in the figure one be main secondary accumulator battery 3A and remaining be preparation secondary accumulator battery 3B, at least a secondary accumulator battery is inferred charge rate.In addition, in power control 5, can connect electric energy 2 such as solar cell or electric generater of vehicle.

In addition, in Fig. 1, the storage part and comprising that has the history of not shown record secondary accumulator battery in power control 5 or charging rate estimating unit 6 has and keeps or/and continue to judge chargeable use or the control detection unit of the program of the history of the secondary accumulator battery that continues to use.In addition, can have the degradation judgment device 7 of judging degenerate state.

In addition, in Fig. 1, at least infer the charge rate of 2 secondary accumulator batteries, the charge rate of secondary accumulator battery or/and whether need to charge or the information of changing, the information that can continue to use, connector by not shown power control 5 or charging rate estimating unit 6 or wireless or by not shown display part is notified the user.

Like this, can accomplish that a spendable secondary accumulator battery can be arranged at least.

In addition, Fig. 2 is the block diagram of schematic configuration of the vehicle battery system of expression present embodiment.In Fig. 2, comprise secondary accumulator battery 10, charging circuit 11, voltage sensor 12, control part 13, storage part 14, constitute the vehicle battery system, become from the structure of load 20 supply capabilities of the various devices of 10 pairs of vehicles of secondary accumulator battery or motor etc.

In the structure of Fig. 2, the secondary accumulator battery 10 as load 20 supply capabilities that are used for vehicle is carried for example uses for motor vehicle lead accumulator.Charging circuit 11 is supplied with given alternating current, secondary accumulator battery 10 chargings by control part 13 indication charging actions the time.Voltage sensor 12 detects the voltage at the two ends of secondary accumulator battery 10, and control part 13 is sent magnitude of voltage.

In addition, control part 13 is made of CPU etc., all actions of control vehicle battery system, and carry out the calculation process of the charging rate estimating that is used for describing later in the given time, the control device transmission of the charge rate of obtaining to vehicle.And, be connected storage part 14 on the control part 13 and comprise the ROM of various programs such as storage control program in advance, temporary transient storage RAM based on the necessary data of processing of control part 13.

Below, the supposition principle of the charge rate of secondary accumulator battery 10 is described in the vehicle battery system of present embodiment.As mentioned above, the open-circuit voltage of the charge rate of secondary accumulator battery 10 and secondary accumulator battery 10 has very strong correlationship, so as long as obtain the charge rate that open-circuit voltage just can be inferred secondary accumulator battery 10., secondary accumulator battery 10 constantly repeats to discharge and recharge many times, and the voltage of secondary accumulator battery 10 comprises polarization many times.In order to infer the charge rate of correct secondary accumulator battery 10, be necessary to know the convergency value of voltage of the secondary accumulator battery 10 that does not have polarization, but polarization is disappeared, need more than 10 hours extremely long-time to a few days.Therefore, the open-circuit voltage that is difficult to practical measurement secondary accumulator battery 10 stable status, so in the present embodiment, use can be similar to the function of the time fluctuation of open-circuit voltage with high precision, by calculating the coefficient of the described function of decision one by one, at least according to the coefficient of decision, infer the convergency value of open-circuit voltage at short notice.

In the present embodiment, as the function of the time response of the open-circuit voltage that is used for approximate secondary accumulator battery 10, suppose the decaying exponential function that secondary is above.Formula (1) is the general expression formula that shows 2 times decaying exponential function.

(expression formula 21)

Y＝a1exp(-b1·X)+a2exp(-b2·X)+c (1)

Wherein, a1, a2, b1, b2, c: coefficient

In formula (1), input X is the elapsed time, and output Y is an open-circuit voltage, by determining described each coefficient, can be similar to the open-circuit voltage of any time of secondary accumulator battery 10.

In the present embodiment, as the function of the time response of the open-circuit voltage that is used for approximate secondary accumulator battery 10, formula (2) is the general expression formula of the decaying exponential function of performance n time.

(expression formula 22)

Y＝a1exp(-b1·X)+a2exp(-b2·X)

+a3exp(-b3·X)+a4exp(-b4·X) (2)

+…+anexp(-bn·X)+c

Wherein, a1, a2 ... an, b1, b2 ... bn, c: coefficient

In formula (2), input X is the elapsed time, and output Y is an open-circuit voltage, by determining described each coefficient, can be similar to the open-circuit voltage of any time of secondary accumulator battery 10 with high precision.

Here, in the present embodiment, when being similar to open-circuit voltage,, just can guarantee the precision of certain degree if at least n is set at more than 2 according to formula (2).

When being similar to open-circuit voltage,, just can fully guarantee precision if confirm experimentally at least n to be set at more than 4 according to formula (2).Therefore, below so that 4 times decaying exponential function when being used in n=4 in the formula (2) is a prerequisite, describe.

Fig. 3 is that the charging of expression secondary accumulator battery 10 finishes the figure of the time response of back 60 minutes open-circuit voltage, is the figure of the concrete example of expression when using the approximate open-circuit voltage of 4 times decaying exponential function.In Fig. 3, for relatively, as method in the past, the situation when logarithmic function is used in expression, and describe the measured value of open-circuit voltage of the secondary accumulator battery 10 of practical measurement.Here,, use charging to finish back 10 minutes measured value and calculate each coefficient one by one, obtain, use following formula (3), calculate about 4 times the decaying exponential function of Fig. 3.

(expression formula 23)

Y＝1.80933exp(-X/4.65331)+0.2895exp(-X/0.41691) (3)

-0.90055exp(-X/4.65129)+0.9exp(-X/0.004)+13.35703

In addition, about the logarithmic function in the past of Fig. 3, under same condition, the coefficient that decision is best uses following formula (4), calculates.

(expression formula 24)

Y＝-0.2517ln(X)+14.072 (4)

As shown in Figure 3, open-circuit voltage of obtaining by logarithmic function in the past and measured value describe to exist error, and the open-circuit voltage of obtaining by 4 decaying exponential functions of present embodiment almost with measured value describe consistent.In addition, in the open-circuit voltage of obtaining by 2 decaying exponential functions, littler than the error of the open-circuit voltage of obtaining by logarithmic function.

As shown in Figure 3, along with effluxion, the error during in the past logarithmic function increases, when time of the voltage degree of convergence that becomes secondary accumulator battery 10, just differ become suitable big.And, about in the past the logarithmic function and the decaying exponential function of present embodiment, calculate the open-circuit voltage obtained respectively and the coefficient R between the measured value.Its result when logarithmic function in the past, obtains R ²=0.9865, when 4 decaying exponential functions of present embodiment, obtain R ²=0.99998, confirm as precision and improve especially.Compare with logarithmic function in the past, 4 these exponential dampinies of present embodiment can correctly be similar to open-circuit voltage, so can increase substantially the supposition precision of charge rate., according to precision level, infer with the exponential damping of 2 times or 3 times as target.

Below, the number of times when being similar to open-circuit voltage by described decaying exponential function and the relation of precision with reference to Fig. 4 explanation.In n time decaying exponential function by described formula (2) expression, in the scope of n=1～5, change, the voltage data by the back 10 minutes secondary accumulator battery 10 that charges determines suitable coefficient respectively, calculates open-circuit voltage.Then, calculate the error of the open-circuit voltage after the elapsed time 7 day corresponding, as shown in Figure 4, describe each error with each number of times.

As can be seen from Figure 4, when the number of times of the decaying exponential function of formula (1) is 1 time, become bigger error, in the time of 2 times, 3 times, become the error of degree in the allowed band, at 4 times, 5 times, it is enough little that error becomes.Therefore,, just can guarantee the precision of certain degree,, just can guarantee sufficient precision if be more than 4 times if the number of times of the decaying exponential function of formula (1) is at least more than 2.And as described later, use decaying exponential function to carry out when calculating one by one, and be necessary to suppress as far as possible calculated amount, so in the present embodiment, consider the balance of precision and calculated amount, use 4 times decaying exponential function.

With reference to the program flow diagram of Fig. 5, the charge rate of the secondary accumulator battery of carrying out in the vehicle battery system about present embodiment is measured, and concrete calculation process flow process is described.Calculation process shown in Figure 5 mainly is the processing that control part 13 is carried out according to the control program that keeps in the storage part 14, after the charging of the secondary accumulator battery 10 in the vehicle battery system finishes, begins to carry out in the given moment.

After processing shown in Figure 5 begins, just carry out the initial setting (step S11) of the necessary parameter of calculation process of control part 13.As the parameter of the initial setting object that becomes step S11, the sampling interval Δ Ts when the voltage sample value that obtains secondary accumulator battery 10 is arranged, sampling obtain open-circuit voltage arrival the stablizing required time Tx of several Ns, secondary accumulator battery 10.For example, can use the initial setting of Δ Ts=10 (second), Ns=60 (individual), Tx=100000 (second).At this moment, can be predetermined the suitable fixedly initial set value corresponding, but also can suitably change initial set value according to running-active status with the characteristic of secondary accumulator battery 10.

Then, control part 13 read from the magnitude of voltage of voltage sensor 12 outputs successively in the given moment, obtained a plurality of voltage sample values (step S12) of secondary accumulator battery 10 on time shaft.According to above-mentioned initial set value, obtain Ns the voltage sample value of measuring with sampling interval Δ Ts successively.Control part 13 is stored in storage part 14 to each the voltage sample value that obtains successively, reads as required.Below, a n that in step S12, obtains (n=1,2,3 ... Ns) the voltage sample value representation is V (n).

Then, the initial setting (step S13) of 4 times the pairing coefficient of decaying exponential function that is used for the open-circuit voltage characteristic of approximate secondary accumulator battery 20.Here, as above-mentioned 4 decaying exponential functions in the calculation process of Fig. 5,, use F (T) for time T as with shown in the following formula (5).

(expression formula 25)

F(T)＝A1exp(A5·T)+A2exp(A6·T)+A3exp(A7·T)+A4exp(A8·T)+A9 (5)

In step S13, the coefficient A1～A9 about comprising in the formula (5) reads the initial value that is stored in advance in the storage part 14, sets.To use these coefficients A1～A9 in order deriving, as described later, to be upgraded successively in the calculation process intermediate value based on the optimum solution of least square method.In addition, as the initial value of each coefficient A1～A9, can use the set-point of in experiment, obtaining in advance.

Then, by n sampling instant being used above-mentioned decaying exponential function F (T) respectively, calculate F (n) (step S14) by following formula (6) expression.

(expression formula 26)

F(n)＝A1exp(A5·n·ΔTs)+A2exp(A6·n·ΔTs) (6)

+A3exp(A7·n·ΔTs)+A4exp(A8·n·ΔTs)+A9

In step S13, the F (n) about formula (6) all obtains Ns calculated value.

Then, to the difference R (n) (step S15) of the voltage sample value V (n) that obtains among the F (n) that obtains among each sampling instant calculation procedure S14 and the step S12.Promptly obtain Ns R (n) with following formula (7) expression.

Expression formula 27

R(n)＝F(n)-V(n) (7)

The partial differential item (step S16) of each coefficient A1～A9 when then, calculating application for least square method.In step S16,, obtain the partial differential item corresponding with each coefficient A1～A9 by following formula (8) expression to each sampling instant.

(expression formula 28)

dDFA1(n)＝exp(A5·ΔTs·n)

dDFA2(n)＝exp(A6·ΔTs·n)

dDFA3(n)＝exp(A7·ΔTs·n)

dDFA4(n)＝exp(A8·ΔTs·n) (8)

dDFA4(n)＝A1·ΔTs·n·exp(A5·ΔTs·n)

dDFA5(n)＝A2·ΔTs·n·exp(A6·ΔTs·n)

dDFA4(n)＝A3·ΔTs·n·exp(A7·ΔTs·n)

dDFA4(n)＝A4·ΔTs·n·exp(A8·ΔTs·n)

Then, use each partial differential item of obtaining among the step S16, calculate the matrix B (step S17) of the company's equate that is suitable for least square method.Particularly, obtain by following formula (9) expression

Matrix B.

(expression formula 29)

$B\left(\mathrm{1,1}\right)=\underset{n=1}{\overset{\mathrm{Ns}}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{\left\{\mathrm{dDFA}1\left(n\right)\right\}}^2$

$B\left(\mathrm{1,2}\right)=\underset{n=1}{\overset{\mathrm{Ns}}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\{\mathrm{dDFA}1\left(n\right)\×\mathrm{dDFA}2\left(n\right)\}$

$B\left(\mathrm{1,3}\right)=\underset{n=1}{\overset{\mathrm{Ns}}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\{\mathrm{dDFA}1\left(n\right)\×\mathrm{dDFA}3\left(n\right)\}---\left(9\right)$

.

.

.

$B\left(\mathrm{9,9}\right)=\underset{n=1}{\overset{\mathrm{Ns}}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{\left\{\mathrm{dDFA}9\left(n\right)\right\}}^2$

In addition, the matrix B of formula (9) is 9 * 9 square matrices, and be B (x, y)=B (y, symmetric matrix x).

Then, use the partial differential item of obtaining among R (n), the step S16 that obtains among the step S15, calculate dR by following formula (10) expression.(step S18)

(expression formula 30)

$\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="dR"\; filenames="C2004800195820032H1.png,C2004800195820032H2.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">dR</figure-callout>}1=-\underset{n=1}{\overset{\mathrm{Ns}}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\left\{\begin{array}{cc}\mathrm{dDF}& A1\left(n\right)\&times;R\left(n\right)\end{array}\right\}$

$\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="dR"\; filenames="C2004800195820027H1.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">dR</figure-callout>}2=-\underset{n=1}{\overset{\mathrm{Ns}}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\left\{\begin{array}{cc}\mathrm{dDF}& A2\left(n\right)\&times;R\left(n\right)\end{array}\right\}$

$\mathrm{dR}3=-\underset{n=1}{\overset{\mathrm{Ns}}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\left\{\begin{array}{cc}\mathrm{dDF}& A3\left(n\right)\&times;R\left(n\right)\end{array}\right\}$

$\mathrm{dR}4=-\underset{n=1}{\overset{\mathrm{Ns}}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\left\{\begin{array}{cc}\mathrm{dDF}& A4\left(n\right)\&times;R\left(n\right)\end{array}\right\}$

$\mathrm{dR}5=-\underset{n=1}{\overset{\mathrm{Ns}}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\left\{\begin{array}{cc}\mathrm{dDF}& A5\left(n\right)\&times;R\left(n\right)\end{array}\right\}$

$\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="6"\; label="dR"\; filenames="C2004800195820027H1.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">dR</figure-callout>}6=-\underset{n=1}{\overset{\mathrm{Ns}}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\left\{\begin{array}{cc}\mathrm{dDF}& A6\left(n\right)\&times;R\left(n\right)\end{array}\right\}$

$\mathrm{dR}7=-\underset{n=1}{\overset{\mathrm{Ns}}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\left\{\begin{array}{cc}\mathrm{dDF}& A7\left(n\right)\&times;R\left(n\right)\end{array}\right\}$

$\mathrm{dR}8=-\underset{n=1}{\overset{\mathrm{Ns}}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\left\{\begin{array}{cc}\mathrm{dDF}& A8\left(n\right)\&times;R\left(n\right)\end{array}\right\}$

$\mathrm{dR}9=-\underset{n=1}{\overset{\mathrm{Ns}}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\left\{\begin{array}{cc}\mathrm{dDF}& A9\left(n\right)\&times;R\left(n\right)\end{array}\right\}---\left(10\right)$

Then, the dR that obtains among the matrix B that obtains among the use step S17, the step S18 calculates the difference dd (step S19) by following formula (11) expression.

(expression formula 31)

$\left(\begin{array}{c}\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="dd"\; filenames="C2004800195820032H1.png,C2004800195820032H2.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">dd</figure-callout>}1\\ \mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="dd"\; filenames="C2004800195820027H1.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">dd</figure-callout>}2\\ \mathrm{dd}3\\ \mathrm{dd}4\\ \mathrm{dd}5\\ \mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="6"\; label="dd"\; filenames="C2004800195820027H1.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">dd</figure-callout>}6\\ \mathrm{dd}7\\ \mathrm{dd}8\\ \mathrm{dd}9\end{array}\right)=-{\left(\begin{array}{ccccc}B\left(\mathrm{1,1}\right)& B\left(\mathrm{1,2}\right)& B\left(\mathrm{1,3}\right)& ...& B\left(\mathrm{1,9}\right)\\ B\left(\mathrm{2,1}\right)& B\left(\mathrm{2,2}\right)& B\left(\mathrm{2,3}\right)& & .\\ B\left(\mathrm{3,1}\right)& B\left(\mathrm{3,2}\right)& & & .\\ B\left(\mathrm{4,1}\right)& & & & .\\ .& & & & \\ .& & & & \\ .& & & & \\ .& & & & \\ B\left(\mathrm{9,1}\right)& & & & B\left(\mathrm{9,9}\right)\end{array}\right)}^{-1}\left(\begin{array}{c}\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="dR"\; filenames="C2004800195820032H1.png,C2004800195820032H2.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">dR</figure-callout>}1\\ \mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="dR"\; filenames="C2004800195820027H1.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">dR</figure-callout>}2\\ \mathrm{dR}3\\ \mathrm{dR}4\\ \mathrm{dR}5\\ \mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="6"\; label="dR"\; filenames="C2004800195820027H1.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">dR</figure-callout>}6\\ \mathrm{dR}7\\ \mathrm{dR}8\\ \mathrm{dR}9\end{array}\right)---\left(11\right)$

Like this, in step S19, obtain 9 the difference dd1～dd9s corresponding respectively,, can estimate the optimum solution of least square method according to them with coefficient A1～A9.

Then, with regard to 9 difference dd1～dd9 that obtain among the step S19, judge whether to satisfy following formula (12) (step S20).

(expression formula 32)

dd1，dd2，dd3，…dd9＜10 ^-12 (12)

In addition, the right of formula (12) is not limited to 10 ^-12, can use the set-point that is judged as near 0.Satisfy formula (12) (step S20:YES) if the result who judges is judged as, then each difference dd1～dd9 is fully near 0, so in this optimum solution that obtains least square method constantly, enter step S22.And if be judged as the optimum solution that does not satisfy least square method, each difference dd1～dd9 is big, can't obtain the optimum solution of least square method, according to following formula (13), upgrades each coefficient A1～A9 (step S21).

(expression formula 33)

$\left(\begin{array}{c}A1\\ A2\\ \mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3A"\; label="A"\; filenames="C2004800195820027H1.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">A</figure-callout>}3\\ A4\\ A5\\ A6\\ A7\\ A8\\ A9\end{array}\right)=\left(\begin{array}{c}A1+\mathrm{dd}1\\ \mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="A"\; filenames="C2004800195820027H1.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">A</figure-callout>}2+\mathrm{dd}2\\ A3+\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3A"\; label="dd"\; filenames="C2004800195820027H1.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">dd</figure-callout>}3\\ A4+\mathrm{dd}4\\ A5+\mathrm{dd}5\\ \mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="6"\; label="A"\; filenames="C2004800195820027H1.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">A</figure-callout>}6+\mathrm{dd}6\\ A7+\mathrm{dd}7\\ A8+\mathrm{dd}8\\ A9+\mathrm{dd}9\end{array}\right)---\left(13\right)$

In step S21, after coefficient A1～A9 upgrades, just transfer to step S14 once more, use new coefficient A1～A9, use the processing that least square method continues step S14～S20.

And when step S20 transfers to step S22, the convergency value V0 (step S22) when calculating by following formula (14) that open-circuit voltage is long-term fully to be stablized.

(expression formula 34)

V0＝A1exp(A5·Tx)+A2exp(A6·Tx) (14)

+A3exp(A7·Tx)+A4exp(A8·Tx)+A9

Then, the coefficient A0～A9 in the convergency value V0 of the open-circuit voltage of obtaining among the step S22, this moment is saved in (step S23) in the storage part 14 respectively.In view of the above,, can read from storage part 14, utilize according to necessity by inferring the open-circuit voltage of steady state (SS).

Then, calculate the charge rate (step S24) of secondary accumulator battery 10 according to the convergency value V0 of the open-circuit voltage of obtaining among the step S22.General convergency value V0 and environment temperature from open-circuit voltage are according to the charge rate of the unique decision secondary accumulator battery 10 of given function.Therefore, obtain the function that is suitable for secondary accumulator battery 10 in advance,, can infer the charge rate of secondary accumulator battery 10 by in step S24, calculating.

As mentioned above, in the vehicle battery system of present embodiment, the control device of the charge rate of the secondary accumulator battery of being inferred by calculation process shown in Figure 5 10 to vehicle sent, can in various forms, utilize.For example when charge rate than set-point hour, show warning, or can directly show the charge rate in this moment.At this moment, in the calculation process of Fig. 5, guarantee high precision, so total energy is inferred correct charge rate, so can realize the good vehicle battery system easy to use that reliability is high.

The following describes the variation of present embodiment.As mentioned above, in the vehicle battery system of present embodiment, the precision of calculating in order to ensure one by one is described, the situation when being similar to open-circuit voltage with the decaying exponential function more than 4 times., even when setting decaying exponential function more than 4 times, according to the situation of vehicle battery system, use the decaying exponential function of low number of times, the processing of calculating one by one also is fine.Below, in the variation of present embodiment, illustrate by reducing the number of times of decaying exponential function in fact, can realize the concrete grammar of computing of the minimizing of calculated amount.

In this variation, after secondary accumulator battery 10 beginnings processing shown in Figure 5, the moment of the described a plurality of voltage sample values of utilization when obtaining on time shaft (below be called voltage determination constantly) through preset time, every influence degree difference of decaying exponential function, decaying exponential function except the item that use fully reduces being accompanied by effluxion carries out calculation process.Situation when using vehicle with the lead-tight battery here, as the concrete example of this variation, is described as secondary accumulator battery 10.At this moment decision is suitable for 4 decaying exponential functions of secondary accumulator battery 10, and the approximate expression of using in the calculating one by one is provided with following formula (16).

(expression formula 35)

Y＝1.01707exp(-0.2328·T)+0.38436exp(-0.02577·T) (16)

+0.15783exp(-8.0717E-4·T)+0.12104exp(-1.8876E-5·T)+12.7216

Then, to described formula (16), checking is based on the time response of the 1st～4 open-circuit voltage.Fig. 6～10 its results of expression.At first, Fig. 6 is in formula (16), and except constant term, the time response when comprising the 1st～4 whole composition is calculated by following formula (17).

(expression formula 36)

Y＝1.01707exp(-0.2328·T)+0.38436exp(-0.02577·T) (17)

+0.15783exp(-8.0717E-4·T)+0.12104exp(-1.8876E-5·T)

As shown in Figure 6, along with effluxion, every decay is so open-circuit voltage converges to 0., in the short time after handling beginning, the influence of the variation of formula (17) exists.

Then, Fig. 7 is the time response when only comprising the 1st composition in formula (16), is calculated by following formula (18).

(expression formula 37)

Y＝1.01707exp(-0.2328·T) (18)

Equally, during as any composition of only comprising the 2nd～4 of formula (17), Fig. 8 is the time response when only comprising the 2nd composition, and Fig. 9 is the time response when only comprising the 3rd composition, and Figure 10 is the time response when only comprising the 4th composition.And, below the expression formula (19) corresponding, the formula (20) corresponding, the formula (21) corresponding respectively with the time response of Figure 10 with the time response of Fig. 9 with the time response of Fig. 8.

(expression formula 38)

Y＝0.38436exp(-0.02577·T) (19)

(expression formula 39)

Y＝0.15783exp(-8.0717E-4·T) (20)

(expression formula 40)

y＝0.12104exp(-1.8876E-5·T) (21)

As Fig. 7～shown in Figure 10, the tendency of the decay in the starting stage of effluxion, difference by every composition of formula (16) is if through for a long time, just converge to 0.At this moment, as can be known the rapidest decay be shown in Figure 7 the 1st, then the degree according to the 2nd, the 3rd, the 4th order decay slows down.In addition, if comparison diagram 7～Figure 10 and Shi (18)～(21), then exist for the coefficient of time T big more, the relation that in the short time, decays more.

In the present embodiment, there is difference in the degree that is conceived to the every decay in the decaying exponential function, and the voltage determination in the delay-time characteristic carries out calculation process with the form that does not comprise specific item after the moment, thereby realizes the reduction of calculated amount.And as mentioned above, table 1 represents to suppose for motor vehicle lead-tight battery as secondary accumulator battery 10, the concrete example of the voltage determination time relation during with the decaying exponential function of using 4 times.

[table 1]

The voltage determination time (second)	Every application of decaying exponential function (4 times)
		0～10	The 1st+the 2nd+the 3rd+the 4th
10～60	The 2nd+the 3rd+the 4th
		60～600	The 3rd+the 4th
600～	The 4th

At first, in the application conditions shown in the table 1, from zero hour of calculation process shown in Figure 5 through before 10 seconds, when in step S12, obtaining the voltage sample value, use the decaying exponential function that comprises the 1st～4 whole form.In such starting stage, every influence of decaying exponential function is bigger, so in order fully to guarantee operational precision, be necessary to use 4 all, exponential attenuation function in original 4 times carries out computing.

And, decay to the 1st negligible degree of decaying exponential function from moment zero hour of calculation process through 10 seconds, remove the 1st decaying exponential function that comprises the 2nd～4 form so use.In addition, from the moment through 60 seconds zero hour of calculation process, decay to the 1st except decaying exponential function, the 2nd also negligible degree removed the 1st, 2 decaying exponential function that comprises the 3rd, 4 form so use.In moment zero hour of following calculation process through 600 seconds, decay to the 1st, 2 except decaying exponential function, the 3rd also negligible degree removed the 1st～3 decaying exponential function that comprises the 4th form so use.

Long more from the zero hour of calculation process to the constantly required time of given voltage determination, can reduce the number of times of decaying exponential function in fact more, so can suppress operand.At this moment, be necessary in the scope that is suitable for the requirement of calculating the operational precision guarantee one by one, judge the thing that has about every application of decaying exponential function.For example set permissible error 5% benchmark such as grade, when above-mentioned every calculated value than permissible error hour, can carry out computing except the corresponding entry of decaying exponential function.

In addition, according to the restriction in the system of vehicle battery system, stipulate the time constantly sometimes from zero hour of calculation process to voltage determination.Promptly in the vehicle battery system, the time of carrying out the processing of Fig. 5 will stop the common charging and the discharge of secondary accumulator battery 10, so be necessary to make in the regular hour scope calculation process of Fig. 5 to finish.In view of the above, the voltage determination time might be restricted.Therefore, operational precision that consideration should be guaranteed and the restriction both sides in the system, every application conditions of decision voltage determination time and decaying exponential function.

When carrying out the calculation process of this variation, the program flow diagram of basic processing flow process and Fig. 5 is common., in the step S12 of Fig. 5, obtain before the voltage sample value, need carry out timing to effluxion, and monitor the arrival constantly of predefined voltage determination from the processing beginning.And, when using the later processing of the voltage sample value execution in step S13 that obtains constantly at voltage determination, can be with carrying out computing to the form except given that comprises in 4 times the decaying exponential function.

In addition, in this variation, illustrate as secondary accumulator battery 10, the situation when supposing vehicle with the lead-tight battery, but when being to use the secondary accumulator battery of other kind, also can use the calculation process of this variation., according to kind, the characteristic of secondary accumulator battery 10, the form difference of decaying exponential function is so be necessary to consider respectively best application process.

As mentioned above, in the present embodiment, the time response for the open-circuit voltage of approximate secondary accumulator battery 10 is described, the situation when using the decaying exponential function more than 4 times, but except such decaying exponential function more than 4 times, other functions such as all right compound use polynomial function.

In addition, in the present embodiment, situation when the decaying exponential function more than 4 times of time response of the open-circuit voltage that uses approximate secondary accumulator battery 10 is described, but except such decaying exponential function more than 4 times, can also compound use polynomial function etc. other functions.

In addition, in the present embodiment, the decaying exponential function of 4 times shown in the formula (5) comprises 9 coefficient A1～A9, but shown in following formula (22), also can use 4 times the decaying exponential function that comprises 10 coefficient A1～A10.

(expression formula 41)

F(T)＝A1exp(A5·T)+A2exp(A6·T) (22)

+A3exp(A7·T)+A4exp(A8·T)-A9·T+A10

In above formula (22), suppose the item of representing with-A9T.Relevant item is the time response when considering that 10 pairs of control parts 13 of secondary accumulator battery after charging finishes or storage part 14 are supplied with given electric current.At this moment, in calculation process, if 10 coefficient A1～A10 of decision formula (22) just can realize effect of the present invention.

In addition, in the present embodiment, the situation of vehicle battery system of the structure of the charge rate with the vehicle secondary accumulator battery that carries on secondary accumulator battery that the standby or various device power supply of inferring various devices uses or the vehicle is described, but the present invention is not limited to these purposes, for the various devices that carry general secondary accumulator battery, can widespread use.

For example, as shown in figure 11, being used to carry out the system 100 that the charge rate of secondary accumulator battery judges can have: the testing circuit 101 of obtaining secondary accumulator battery and be the data such as electric current, voltage, resistance, temperature of secondary accumulator battery B; Obtain data from testing circuit 101, carry out the control decision maker 102 of the charge rate judgement of secondary accumulator battery B; The display part 103 that shows result of determination with various forms.

By adopting such structure, testing circuit 101 is obtained data such as electric current that secondary accumulator battery is secondary accumulator battery B, voltage, resistance, temperature, the data of measuring with 102 exchanges of control decision maker.

In view of the above, control decision maker 102 receives data, carries out the charge rate of secondary accumulator battery B and judges, shows result of determination at display part 103 with various forms.

Its result, the user can hold the state that secondary accumulator battery is secondary accumulator battery B easily.

At this moment, the structure of display part 103 also can be: with the quantity of lamp or color, literal, sound or their combinations more than 2, show that secondary accumulator battery is that the state of secondary accumulator battery B for example has or not necessity of replacing, the replacing period of recommendation.

Display part 103 also can be the demonstration of the picture of display part of TV monitor, graphoscope, GPS device (auto-navigation system) etc.

In addition, can be the mode of only using sound notification.

In addition, as shown in figure 12, also can be at status detection circuit 101, the control decision maker 102 that side configuration is used to detect, differentiate secondary accumulator battery that be provided with of secondary accumulator battery, at desired position configuration display part 103.

Particularly, status detection circuit 101, the control decision maker 102 that side configuration is used to detect, differentiate secondary accumulator battery that be provided with at secondary accumulator battery B, control decision maker 102 receives data from testing circuit 101, carry out the charge rate of secondary accumulator battery B and judge, the result of determination data are sent to display part 103 1 sides by wireless device 110.

As a result, by being arranged on the wireless device 111 of display part 103 1 sides, computing machine 112 receives the result of determination data, and control display part 103 shows result of determination with various forms.

In addition, side being set not controlling decision maker 102 at the secondary accumulator battery of Figure 12, about the data such as temperature, voltage or resistance that obtain by testing circuit 101, receive by demonstration one side joint by testing circuit 101, showing that a side is provided with the control decision maker, perhaps by computing machine 112 judgement of charging.

By adopting such structure, a plurality of display parts for example are set, or monitor from the display part that is arranged on many places (secondary accumulator battery manufacturer, maintenance locations) and the state of secondary accumulator battery perhaps, to carry out the supervision and the management of a plurality of secondary accumulator batteries by the display part at a place.At this moment, if pay the sequence numbering or the ID numbering of difference secondary accumulator battery, just can carry out the individual identification of secondary accumulator battery easily.

In addition, irrelevant with the form of the transmission lines such as wireless mode of wired mode of Figure 11, Figure 12, for example can be by networks such as circuitry lines and the Internets, the charge rate information of secondary accumulator battery as electronic data (literal, image, sound), is observed from the information terminal of mobile phone and computing machine etc.

In addition, as other embodiment, as shown in figure 13, in the place that a plurality of secondary accumulator batteries separate, switching or/and control in the secondary accumulator battery charge rate decision maker 104 of circuit at 1 place, can switch to secondary accumulator battery A, B, C to circuit, carry out charge rate and judge.At this moment, can judge electrical information (voltage, electric current, resistance) with the secondary accumulator battery charge rate decision maker in the place of separating, but temperature measuring is wished near secondary accumulator battery or each secondary accumulator battery 106 is provided with temperature sensor 105.Like this, for example to each observation device or communicator setting, can carry out the charge rate of a plurality of secondary accumulator batteries and judge.In addition, in vehicle, be provided with under the seat or in the collection space of front and back when a plurality of, can carry out the charge rate of at least one secondary accumulator battery and judge.Also can be with the secondary accumulator battery charge rate decision maker or the computer management at 1 place.

In addition, as other embodiment, as shown in figure 14, in a plurality of secondary accumulator batteries 106, secondary accumulator battery charge rate decision maker 107 be positioned at secondary accumulator battery 106a near.Another secondary accumulator battery charge rate decision maker 108 is installed in secondary accumulator battery 106b.In addition, in Figure 14, another secondary accumulator battery 106c does not carry out charge rate and judges.

In addition, in Figure 14, on device power control 109, connect GPS (GlobalPositioning System) device 110, illuminating lamp 111, operate portions 112.By power control 109, supply with and/or the control power supply.For example carry out illuminating lamp 111 light and extinguish, the action control of operate portions 112 and the control of energy consumption.In addition, GPS device 110 is except position and absolute altitude, can also detection time, so device power control 109 also can cooperate other to utilize constantly.Like this, can show the charge rate state of secondary accumulator battery 106 at display part 103a by a plurality of secondary accumulator batteries 106 of device power control 109 management.To device power control 109, secondary accumulator battery charge rate decision maker and not shown computing machine, can carry out the transmitting-receiving of information with external unit by connector or wireless (infrared ray etc.), can carry out the exchange of charge rate determination information, the installation and the renewal of control program.

About by judging the charge rate of a plurality of secondary accumulator batteries, the phase secondary accumulator battery changing or charge at the same time almost also can be predicted load state or based on the charge rate situation and life-span of environment, can be to the replacing of user notification prediction or charging period.

In addition, have the display part 103 of Figure 11 or Figure 12, the storage part (not shown) of history of the described secondary accumulator battery of record, at least be provided with to have and keep to judge the charge rate state of secondary accumulator battery or/and continue to judge can charge and use or the control detection unit (power control 5 of Fig. 2 or secondary accumulator battery charge rate decision maker 6) of the program of the history of the secondary accumulator battery of continuation use.

Like this, can accomplish that at least one assembly is spendable secondary accumulator battery.Therefore, be necessary to guarantee in the system or device that power supply is worked all the time, just effectively if the present invention added.

Claims (15)

1. charging rate estimating method, infer the charge rate of the secondary accumulator battery that powers to the load to it is characterized in that possessing following steps:

Setup time function step, this setup time the step of function prepare the function of time of the open-circuit voltage of described secondary accumulator battery by the debatable function of time of coefficient;

Obtain the step of a plurality of voltage determination sampled values, this obtains a plurality of different moment of step in the preset time after charging and discharging finishes of a plurality of voltage determination sampled values, measure the voltage sample value of the described secondary accumulator battery open-circuit voltage of expression, on time shaft, obtain a plurality of voltage determination sampled values;

Use the step of a plurality of voltage determination sampled values, this uses the step of a plurality of voltage determination sampled values to use described a plurality of voltage determination sampled value, determines the coefficient of the described function of time, thereby determines the described function of time;

Obtain the step of open-circuit voltage convergency value, this obtains the function of time of the step of open-circuit voltage convergency value according to described decision, obtains the convergency value of the open-circuit voltage of described secondary accumulator battery;

Infer the step of charge rate, this infers the convergency value of the step of charge rate according to described open-circuit voltage, infers described charge rate,

Described setup time function step in, prepare the multinomial decaying exponential function that at least 2 decaying exponential functions combine, just prepare the multinomial decaying exponential function that N decaying exponential function combines, N is the integer more than 2, described multinomial decaying exponential function is provided by following formula

Y＝a1exp(-b1·X)+a2exp(-b2·X)

+a3exp(-b3·X)+a4exp(-b4·X)

+…+anexp(-bn·X)+c

Wherein, (2N+1) individual coefficient a1, a2 ..., an, b1, b2 ..., bn, and c do not determine, the X express time, Y represents open-circuit voltage,

In the step of a plurality of voltage determination sampled values of described use, use described voltage determination sampled value to decide described (2N+1) individual coefficient.

2. charging rate estimating method according to claim 1 is characterized in that:

According to the moment of on time shaft, obtaining described a plurality of voltage determination sampled values, remove the given exponential damping item that comprises in the described multinomial decaying exponential function after, obtain the convergency value of the open-circuit voltage of described secondary accumulator battery.

3. charging rate estimating method according to claim 1 is characterized in that:

As described multinomial decaying exponential function, use time T by expression formula 1

F(T)＝A1exp(A5·T)+A2exp(A6·T)+C

The function F (T) of expression determines 5 coefficient A1, A2, A5, A6, C, wherein F (T) expression open-circuit voltage.

4. charging rate estimating method according to claim 1 is characterized in that:

As described multinomial decaying exponential function, use time T by expression formula 2

F(T)＝A1exp(A5·T)+A2exp(A6·T)+A3exp(A7·T)+A4exp(A8·T)+A9

The function F (T) of expression determines 9 coefficient A1～A9.

5. charging rate estimating method according to claim 4 is characterized in that:

When constantly obtaining described a plurality of voltage determination value constantly and less than given second, the described function F (T) of described expression formula 2 is replaced into expression formula 3 more than or equal to given first

F(T)＝A2exp(A6·T)+A3exp(A7·T)+A4exp(A8·T)+A9

When constantly obtaining described a plurality of voltage determination value constantly and less than the given the 3rd, the described function F (T) of described expression formula 2 is replaced into expression formula 4 more than or equal to given described second

F(T)＝A3exp(A7·T)+A4exp(A8·T)+A9

When constantly obtaining described a plurality of voltage determination value, the described function F (T) of described expression formula 2 is replaced into expression formula 5 more than or equal to the given the described the 3rd

F(T)＝A4exp(A8·T)+A9

Obtain the convergency value of the open-circuit voltage of described secondary accumulator battery respectively.

6. charging rate estimating method according to claim 1 is characterized in that:

To at least one secondary accumulator battery in the secondary accumulator battery more than 2, infer charge rate, a described secondary accumulator battery can be confirmed the state of charge rate.

7. charging rate estimating method according to claim 1 is characterized in that:

At least infer the charge rate of 2 secondary accumulator batteries, have: show the charge rate of secondary accumulator battery or/and whether need to charge or the display part of the information changed, the information that maybe can continue to use, with the storage part of the history that writes down described secondary accumulator battery, setting has the control detection unit of the program of the history that keeps the secondary accumulator battery that use maybe can continue to use or/and lasting judgement is charged at least.

8. a charging rate estimating unit is inferred to the charge rate of the secondary accumulator battery (10) of load supply capability, it is characterized in that: comprising:

Voltage sensor (12), a plurality of different moment of this voltage sensor in the preset time after charging and discharging finishes, measure the voltage sample value of representing described secondary accumulator battery (10) open-circuit voltage, on time shaft, obtain a plurality of voltage determination sampled values; With

Control part (13,14), this control part are obtained the described voltage determination sampled value from described voltage sensor, infer described charge rate,

Described control part (13,14) possesses preparatory unit (14), described preparatory unit is used to prepare the multinomial decaying exponential function that at least 2 decaying exponential functions combine, just prepare the multinomial decaying exponential function that N decaying exponential function combines, N is the integer more than 2, described multinomial decaying exponential function is provided by following formula

Y＝a1exp(-b1·X)+a2exp(-b2·X)

+a3exp(-b3·X)+a4exp(-b4·X)

+…+anexp(-bn·X)+c

Wherein, (2N+1) individual coefficient a1, a2 ..., an, b1, b2 ..., bn, and c do not determine, the X express time, Y represents open-circuit voltage,

And described control part (13,14) also possesses:

Function decision unit (13, S13, S14 ..., S21), this function decision unit uses described voltage determination sampled value, determines the coefficient of described multinomial decaying exponential function, thereby determines described multinomial decaying exponential function; With

Charge rate decision unit (13, S22, S23, S24), described charge rate is inferred according to the multinomial decaying exponential function of described decision in this charge rate decision unit,

Described charge rate decision unit (13, S22, S23, S24) possesses:

Obtain voltage convergency value unit (S22), this obtains the multinomial decaying exponential function of voltage convergency value unit according to described decision, obtains the convergency value of the open-circuit voltage of described secondary cell; With

Infer charge rate unit (S24), this infers the convergency value of charge rate unit according to described open-circuit voltage, infers described charge rate.

9. charging rate estimating unit according to claim 8 is characterized in that:

Described multinomial decaying exponential function has 5 coefficient A1, A2, A5, A6, C, by expression formula 6 expressions,

F(T)＝A1exp(A5·T)+A2exp(A6·T)+C

Wherein, the T express time, F (T) represents described open-circuit voltage.

10. charging rate estimating unit according to claim 8 is characterized in that:

Described multinomial decaying exponential function has 9 coefficient A1～A9 by expression formula 7 expressions,

F(T)＝A1exp(A5·T)+A2exp(A6·T)+A3exp(A7·T)+A4exp(A8·T)+A9

Wherein, the T express time, F (T) represents described open-circuit voltage.

11. charging rate estimating unit according to claim 8 is characterized in that:

Described control part when constantly obtaining described a plurality of voltage determination value more than or equal to given first constantly and less than given second, is replaced into expression formula 8 to the described function F (T) of described expression formula 7

F(T)＝A2exp(A6·T)+A3exp(A7·T)+A4exp(A8·T)+A9

When constantly obtaining described a plurality of voltage determination value constantly and less than the given the 3rd, the described function F (T) of described expression formula 7 is replaced into expression formula 9 more than or equal to given described second

F(T)＝A3exp(A7·T)+A4exp(A8·T)+A9

When obtaining described a plurality of voltage determination value after constantly, the described function F (T) of described expression formula 7 is replaced into expression formula 10 more than or equal to the given the described the 3rd

F(T)＝A4exp(A8·T)+A9

Obtain the convergency value of the open-circuit voltage of described secondary accumulator battery respectively.

12. any described charging rate estimating unit according to Claim 8～11 is characterized in that:

For at least one secondary accumulator battery in the secondary accumulator battery more than 2, infer charge rate, a described secondary accumulator battery can be confirmed the state of charge rate.

13. charging rate estimating unit according to claim 8 is characterized in that:

At least infer the charge rate of 2 secondary accumulator batteries, have: show the charge rate of secondary accumulator battery or/and whether need to charge or the display part of the information changed, the information that maybe can continue to use, with the storage part of the history that writes down described secondary accumulator battery, setting has the control detection unit of the program of the history that keeps the secondary accumulator battery that use maybe can continue to use or/and lasting judgement is charged at least.

14. a battery system has any described charging rate estimating unit in the claim 8～13.

15. a vehicle battery system is characterized in that: have any described charging rate estimating unit in the claim 8～13, and described secondary accumulator battery is the vehicle secondary accumulator battery to the load supply capability of carrying on the vehicle.

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