CN100566668C - 具有电活化聚合物致动式防发射单向锁定机构的外科缝合器械 - Google Patents

具有电活化聚合物致动式防发射单向锁定机构的外科缝合器械 Download PDF

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CN100566668C
CN100566668C CNB2005100873403A CN200510087340A CN100566668C CN 100566668 C CN100566668 C CN 100566668C CN B2005100873403 A CNB2005100873403 A CN B2005100873403A CN 200510087340 A CN200510087340 A CN 200510087340A CN 100566668 C CN100566668 C CN 100566668C
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弗雷德里克·E·谢尔顿四世
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Ethicon Endo Surgery Inc
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Abstract

一种外科机械包括E形梁发射杆，其在向远侧的发射运动过程中与通道接合并有选择地与砧板接合，其中切割和缝合组织，缝钉被从缝钉匣向上驱动以抵靠着砧板成形。尤其是，与缝钉匣整体形成的楔形件由发射杆的中间销向远侧驱动以进行缝合。缝钉通道的单向锁定响应于在其未发射位置的楔形滑板的存在以允许发射杆发射。否则，当缝钉匣没有或用尽时，该单向锁定防止发射。另外，一些方案包括电活化聚合物(EPA)致动器，作为为一种或多种条件防止发射的一种有效方法，该致动器具有与缝钉通道上的斜槽相抵接的抵接面，或者作为斜槽的活板门，以便阻挡发射杆。

Description

具有电活化聚合物致动式防发射单向锁定机构的外科缝合器械
交互引用的相关申请
本申请是Frederick E.Shelton IV，Michael Earl Seter和WilliamBruce Weisenburgh II于2003年5月20日提交的申请号为10/441,424的美国专利申请的部分继续申请，该申请的题目为“SURGICALSTAPLING INSTRUMENT HAVING A SINGLE LOCKOUTMECHANISM FOR PREVENTION OF FIRING”，其公开的内容在此全部引入以供参考。
本申请要求Shelton IV于2004年7月28日申请的、系列号为60/591,694且题目为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENT INCORPORATINGAN ELECTRICALLY ACTUATED ARTICULATION MECHANISM”，的美国临时申请的权益。
技术领域
本发明总的涉及能够向组织施加多行缝钉并同时对位于这些缝钉线之间的组织进行切割的外科缝合器械，更具体地说，涉及有关缝合器械的改进和用于形成这类缝合器械的不同部件的方法的改进。
背景技术
在现有技术中，外科缝合器已经用来同时在组织中形成一个纵向切口并且将多行缝钉施加在切口的相对侧上。这类器械通常包括一对协同操作的钳口构件，如果打算将该器械用于内窥镜或者腹腔镜用途，则该对钳口构件可以穿过套管通道。其中一个钳口构件装载一个至少具有两排横向间隔开的缝钉的缝钉匣。另一个钳口构件形成一个具有与缝钉匣中的多排缝钉对齐的缝钉形成槽的砧板。该器械包括多个往复运动的楔形件，这些楔形件在被向远侧驱动时，穿过缝钉匣上的开口并且与支撑缝钉的驱动器接合，以便向砧板发射缝钉。
美国专利No.5,465,895中描述了适用于内窥镜用途的外科缝合器的一个例子，该缝合器有利地提供不同的闭合和发射动作。由此，医师能够在发射前将钳口构件在组织上闭合以便对组织进行定位。一旦医师确定钳口构件恰当地夹紧了组织，该医师于是就可以发射外科缝合器，由此切割和缝合组织。同时进行切割和缝合避免了当用分别只能切割或缝合的不同外科工具来顺序进行这些操作时可能带来的复杂状况。
为外科缝合器构造一个可以重复利用的端部执行器通常是有益的。例如，患者可能需要一系列的切割和缝合操作。每一次操作都更换整个端部执行器会是不经济的。如果将端部执行器制造成经过重复操作后是结实和可靠的话尤其如此。为此，缝钉匣在外科缝合器的每次操作之前将多个缝钉匣装入到端部执行器内。所以，在每次使用后废弃更少数量的缝钉匣。
尽管缝钉匣有许多优点，然而希望在没有未发射的缝钉匣时防止不经意地发射外科缝合器。否则，就会在没有缝钉来使失血最少的情况下就切割组织。尤其需要以不受介入故障的影响的可靠方式来防止这类不经意的发射。而且，为了易于生产和组装，还希望以最少数量的零部件实现锁定特征。
在Geiste的美国专利No.6,202,914中公开了一种锁定机构，该机构包括发射杆(“致动通道”)，并且包括一对致动缝钉匣的整体的凸轮楔形件。一个倒T形构件在该凸轮楔形件的下面跨于这两个凸轮楔形件之间，以防止一钩件抓住发射杆的边缘。一旦向远侧前行，当发射杆缩回时，该倒T形构件留下，并由此将在第二次前行时被锁定。
尽管这类锁定机构提供了一定的优点，然而仍旧期望将锁定结合到在具有其自身优点的E形梁发射杆内操作的外科切割和缝合机构中。具体地，在发射期间，E形梁与下钳口(缝钉通道)和上钳口(砧板)接合，这有助于形成钳口间的固定间距。还期望具有可以远程控制的锁定机构，从而可以结合附加的锁定条件。
因此，非常需要存在一种改进的外科缝合和切割器械，当缝钉匣未安装或者用尽、已经预先发射时，该外科缝合和切割器械可防止不经意的发射。
发明内容
本发明通过提供一种单向锁定机构克服了现有技术中的上述以及其他缺陷，在缝钉匣未安装或用尽的任意情况下，所述的锁定机构防止发射外科缝合和切割器械。具体地，在不进行同时缝合的情况下，该单向锁定机构防止发射杆向远侧移动，并且由此防止切割组织。
在本发明的一方面中，外科器械包括一个可操作的构造以产生致动执行部分的发射运动的手柄部分。锁定构件设置在执行部分内以便阻挡这种发射运动。电活化聚合物(EPA)致动器可以有选择性地被手柄部分或者其他的远程部位激励以便将锁定构件从阻挡位置移开，允许发射。由此，锁定机构可以响应于许多条件以防止不经意的发射。
在本发明的另一方面中，包括上、下钳口的外科器械有利地包括一个设置在执行部分内的锁定装置来在不存在发射的必要条件时阻止这个发射运动，该外科器械用于通过装载发射杆来夹紧、切割和缝合组织。由此，当不能确保有效的缝合时，防止不经意的切割。
在本发明的另一方面中，提供了一种外科器械，其包括：可操作地构造以产生发射运动的手柄部分；连接到该手柄部分上的缝钉通道；可枢转地连接到该缝钉通道上的砧板；缝钉装置，其由缝钉通道接合并且包括多个缝钉驱动器以将该缝钉驱动器抬向所述的砧板；位于缝钉驱动器近侧并且与该缝钉驱动器纵向对齐的楔形构件；响应发射运动以向远侧驱动楔形构件的发射装置；锁定装置，其设置在缝钉通道内并且可操作地构造以响应电信号致动，来防止所述发射装置向远侧运动。
在本发明的又一方面中，提供了一种外科器械，其中，缝钉装置包括发射驱动狭槽，发射装置的至少一部分穿过该发射驱动狭槽向远侧移动以驱动楔形构件，所述的锁定装置有选择地从缝钉通道侵入该发射驱动狭槽内。
在本发明的另一方面中，提供了一种外科器械，其中，所述的锁定机构包括电活化聚合物致动器。
在本发明的再一方面中，提供了一种外科器械，其中，所述的电活化聚合物致动器包括层叠致动器，该层叠致动器可操作地构造以响应电信号向内膨胀。
在本发明的另一方面中，提供了一种外科器械，其中，所述的缝钉通道包括邻近该电活化聚合物致动器的斜槽，该电活化聚合物致动器还包括向近侧指向的梁，其可操作地构造以通过向斜槽弯曲而起作用。
在本发明的又一方面中，提供了一种外科器械，其中，该向近侧指向的梁被设置成起作用而提供与发射构件抵接的抵接表面。
在本发明的另一方面中，提供了一种外科器械，其中，所述的向近侧指向的梁被设置成受致动而引导所述发射构件的一部分进入所述斜槽中，该斜槽包括远端的抵接表面。
在本发明的再一方面中，提供了一种外科器械，其中，所述的发射装置包括横向突出的中间销和相对地接合缝钉通道的每一侧的下支脚，所述的锁定装置横向偏置以有选择地抵接中间销。
在本发明的另一方面中，提供了一种外科器械，其中，所述的细长轴还包括在近侧连接到手柄部分上以接收闭合运动并且在远侧连接到砧板的枢轴部件上以实施其闭合的闭合套管。
在本发明的又一方面中，提供了一种外科器械，其包括：可操作地构造以产生发射运动的手柄部分；连接到该手柄部分上的细长轴；为往复的纵向运动被接收在细长轴中以传递发射运动的发射杆；在远侧连接在细长轴上的端部执行器，其形成一执行部分，该端部执行器响应于发射杆以进行外科操作；用于电致动在执行部分中的发射杆锁定装置的部件，该发射杆锁定装置被定位成阻挡发射杆。
结合附图以及对它们的描述，将使本发明的这些和其它目的及优点显而易见。
附图说明
引入并组成本说明书一部分的附图示出了本发明的实施例，并且和上述的本发明综述以及下面给出的对实施例的详细描述一起用于说明本发明的原理。
图1示出了处于打开位置的外科缝合和切割器械的局部切除的侧视图；
图2示出了外科缝合和切割器械的端部执行器沿图1中的线2-2的横截面侧视详图。
图3示出了图2所示外科缝合和切割器械的发射杆的放大的侧视图。
图4示出了图2所示外科缝合和切割器械的发射杆的放大的主视图。
图5示出了用于图1所示外科缝合和切割器械的一个替代端部执行器的横截面侧视详图，该端部执行器包括缺少用于防止端部执行器挤压的中间销的发射杆。
图6示出了处于未夹紧、未发射(“开始”)位置的图1所示外科缝合和切割器械的近端的手柄部分的侧视图，其中去除了左侧以显示其内部零部件。
图7示出了图1所示外科缝合和切割器械的近端的手柄部分的透视分解图。
图8示出了处于闭合位置(“夹紧”)位置的图1所示外科缝合和切割器械的近端的手柄部分的侧视图，其中去除了左侧以显示其内部零部件。
图9示出了处于缝合和切割(“发射”)位置的图1所示外科缝合和切割器械的近端的手柄部分的侧视图，其中去除了左侧以显示其内部零部件。
图10示出了在图1所示外科缝合和切割器械的远端处的端部执行器的等轴测图，其中砧板处于向上或打开位置，露出缝钉匣和发射杆的切割边缘。
图11示出了图1所示外科缝合和切割器械的执行部分的等轴测分解图。
图12示出了在图1所示外科缝合和切割器械的远端处的端部执行器的等轴测图，其中砧板处于向上或打开位置并且缝钉匣的大部分都去除，露出作为示例的单钉驱动器和一双钉驱动器以及抵着发射杆的中间销处于其开始位置的楔形滑板。
图13示出了图1所示外科缝合和切割器械远端的等轴测图，其中砧板处于向上或打开位置并且缝钉匣完全去除，缝钉通道的一部分也去除以露出发射杆的最下部销。
图14为以剖面示出了处于图1所示外科缝合和切割器械的闭合位置的砧板、缝钉通道以及缝钉匣之间的机械关系的侧视图，该剖面通常沿图10中的线14-14获得以露出楔形滑板、缝钉驱动器以及缝钉，而且还沿纵向中心线示出了发射杆。
图15示出了缝钉匣和发射杆处于开始位置的外科缝合和切割器械的端部执行器沿图10中的线15-15的截面图。
图16为沿图15中的线16-16获得的截面图，示出了发射杆、缝钉通道、楔形滑板、缝钉驱动器、缝钉以及缝钉匣之间的横截面关系。
图17示出了沿在部分闭合但夹住组织的未夹紧位置处的端部执行器的纵向中心线获得的图1所示外科缝合和切割器械的侧视图。
图18示出了处于闭合或夹紧位置的图1所示外科缝合和切割器械的局部切去的侧视图。
图19示出了沿图1所示外科缝合和切割器械的远端的中心线部分的侧视图，该器械处于闭合或夹紧位置且组织被适当地压缩。
图20示出了处于部分发射位置的图1所示外科缝合和切割器械的局部切去的侧视图。
图21示出了处于部分发射位置的图1所示外科缝合和切割器械的远端的中心线部分的视图。
图22示出了处于完全发射位置的图1所示外科缝合和切割器械的局部切去的侧视图。
图23示出了处于完全发射位置的图1所示外科缝合和切割器械的远端的中心线部分的视图。
图24示出了在图1的缝钉通道处向远侧观察时的透视图，其中部分被去除以显示筒体和与发射杆的中间销接合的单向锁定机构。
图25-28示出了图24中的单向锁定机构、缝钉匣和发射杆的横截面侧视详图，依次为：图25为处于加载和未发射状态的缝钉匣，图26为处于发射状态的缝钉匣，图27为发射杆处于正在缩回的状态的用尽的缝钉匣，以及图28为发射杆处于缩回状态时的用尽的缝钉匣。
图29示出了图24所示单向锁定机构，还包括了锁定槽。
图30示出了图1所示缝钉通道的底部透视图，其中局部被去除以便显示缝钉匣缺失时另一与发射杆的中间销接合的单向锁定机构。
图31-34示出了图30所示单向锁定机构的横截面侧视详图，依次表示为：图31为处于加载且未发射状态的缝钉匣，图32为处于正在发射状态的缝钉匣，图33为发射杆处于正在缩回状态的用尽的缝钉匣，以及图34为发射杆处于缩回状态的用尽的缝钉匣。
图35是外科缝合和切割器械的替代执行部分的局部切去的正面透视图，该执行部分具有一移走的缝钉匣，它包含由电活化聚合物(EAP)致动的锁定机构。
图36是沿图35的线36-36的截面得到的替代执行部分的左侧正视图，该部分包括一未发射的缝钉匣，该图穿过处于非激励状态的EAP致动式锁定机构，并且示出了与未用尽的缝钉匣邻近的处于缩回状态的E形梁/发射杆。
图37为沿图35的线36-36的截面得到的替代执行部分的左侧正视图，该执行部分此时包括一个用尽的缝钉匣，图中示出了EAP致动式锁定机构，并示出了当试图发射时，在EAP致动式锁定机构和E形梁/发射杆之间的锁定。
图38是图37所示EAP致动式锁定机构和E形梁/发射杆的左侧详图。
图39是用于外科缝合和切割器械的第二个替代执行部分的局部切去的正面透视图，该执行部分具有被移走的缝钉匣，并且包含EAP致动式锁定机构。
图40为沿图39的线40-40的截面得到的第二个替代执行部分的左侧正视图，该执行部分此时包括一个用尽的缝钉匣，图中示出了EAP致动式锁定机构，并示出了当试图发射时，EAP致动式锁定机构和E形梁/发射杆之间的锁定。
图41是用于外科缝合和切割器械的第三个替代执行部分的局部切去的正面透视图，该执行部分具有被移走的缝钉匣，并且包含由EAP致动的锁定机构。
图42为沿图41的线42-42的截面得到的第二个替代执行部分的左侧正视图，该执行部分此时包括一个用尽的缝钉匣，示出了EAP致动式锁定机构，并示出了当试图发射时，在EAP致动式锁定机构和E形梁/发射杆之间的锁定。
发明详述
参看附图，其中在所述的几幅图中相同的附图标记代表相同的部件，图1和2示出了能够实现本发明的独特优点的外科缝合和切割器械10。该外科缝合和切割器械10包括端部执行器12，该端部执行器12具有有利地控制端部执行器12的间距的E形梁发射机构(发射杆)14。具体地说，使缝钉通道16和可旋转地平移的砧板18保持用于确保有效缝合和切割的间距。另外，如果该器械不能用下面更详细描述的单向锁定装置缝合，那么会防止发生发射(即，切割和缝合)。
该外科缝合和切割器械10包括连接到执行部分22上的手柄部分20，执行部分22还包括远端在端部执行器12处终止的轴23。手柄部分20包括手枪式握柄24，闭合扳柄26由医师可旋转地拉向该手枪式握柄24，以使砧板18向端部执行器12的缝钉通道16夹紧或闭合。发射扳柄28位于闭合扳柄26的更外侧并且由医师可旋转地拉动，以使端部执行器12内的被夹紧组织缝合和切割。
可以理解的是，术语“近侧”和“远侧”在此是相对于握住器械握柄的医师而言。因此，端部执行器12相对于更近侧的手柄部分20位于远侧。还可以理解的是，为方便和清楚起见，空间术语，如“垂直的”和“水平的”，在此是相对于附图而言的。然而，外科器械可以在许多方位和位置上使用，并且这些术语不是进行限制并且不是绝对的。
首先致动闭合扳柄26。一旦医师对端部执行器的定位满意，该医师可以向后拉动闭合扳柄26以使其到达完全闭合的锁定位置，该位置邻近于手枪式握柄24。然后，致动发射扳柄28。当医师将压力撤除时，发射扳柄28在弹簧作用下回复。当按压手柄部分20的近侧端时，释放按钮30释放锁定的闭合扳柄26。
闭合套管32封装框架34，该框架34又封装由发射扳柄28定位的发射驱动构件36。框架34将手柄部分20连接到端部执行器12上。如图中所示，在闭合套管32通过闭合扳柄26向近侧撤回时，砧板18在弹性作用下打开，从缝钉通道16枢转离开并且随闭合套管32向近侧移动。
缝钉通道16装载着一个用缝钉匣37表示的缝钉装置，缝钉匣该缝钉匣37响应于发射杆14来驱动缝钉，使其与砧板18形成接触。可以理解的是，尽管在此优选地描述了一种易于替换的缝钉匣37，然而例如当每次发射之后更换大部分端部执行器12时，可以将与本发明各方面一致的缝钉匣37永久地固定到缝钉通道16上或者与缝钉通道16一体形成。
可以理解的是，与本发明的应用一致的缝合装置可以与缝钉通道16整体地形成，而不是可以有利地从其上拆除。
E形梁发射机构
具体参考附图2-4，发射杆14包括三个垂直隔开的销，它们在发射期间控制端部执行器12的间距。具体地，上销38在位于砧板18和缝钉通道16之间的枢轴附近分阶段进入砧槽40中。当在砧板18闭合的情况下发射时，上销38在贯穿砧板18向远侧延伸的纵向砧板狭槽42内向远侧前进。砧板18上的任何微小的向上偏转都被由上销38产生的向下作用力克服。
发射杆14还包括最下部销或者发射杆帽44，其向上与缝钉通道16内的通道狭槽45接合，由此在将过量组织夹在砧板18和缝钉通道16之间时，该最下部销与上销38相互配合以将砧板18和缝钉通道16拉得稍微更近一些。
发射杆14有利地包括中间销46，该中间销46穿过形成在缝钉匣37的下表面和缝钉通道16的上表面上的发射驱动狭槽47，由此如下所述地驱动位于其中的缝钉。中间销46通过抵靠着缝钉通道16滑行而有利地防止端部执行器12的在其远端被夹紧闭合的任何趋势。为了阐明该中间销46的优点，图5示出了发射杆14′上缺少中间销的一个替代的端部执行器12′。在该图示中，允许端部执行器12′在其末端夹紧闭合，这会损害所期望的缝钉成形。
回到图2-4，位于发射杆14上的上销38和中间销46之间的向远侧设置的切削边缘48横穿在缝钉匣37向内近侧设置的垂直狭槽49，以便切割夹紧的组织。发射杆14相对于缝钉通道16和砧板18的确定的定位确保了进行有效的切割。
具有选定的缝钉匣缝隙的弧形砧板
由E形梁发射杆14提供的确定的垂直间距适合于内窥镜装置可用的有限尺寸。而且，E形梁发射杆14使砧板16能够设置有在其远端施加垂直偏转的弧形，与图5所示的位置相似。即使使用厚度减小的砧板16，该弧形砧板16也可以有益地帮助获得端部执行器12中的理想间隙，因此其更适合于内窥镜装置的尺寸限制。
E形梁发射杆14还能够增加应用，尤其是和不同的缝钉匣结构结合。例如，医师可以选择产生0.02mm组织间隙的灰色缝钉匣，产生0.04mm组织间隙的白色缝钉匣，产生0.06mm组织间隙的蓝色缝钉匣，或者产生0.10mm组织间隙的绿色缝钉匣。各个缝钉匣的垂直高度与缝钉长度和整体的楔形滑板(在下面详细描述)结合预定该所期望的组织厚度，同时砧板18由E形梁发射杆14沿垂直方向适当地隔开。
双轴手柄
参见图6-9，手柄部分20包括第一和第二基座部分50和52，它们由聚合材料如填充玻璃的聚碳酸酯模制而成。第一基座部分50配置有多个圆柱形销54。第二基座部分52包括多个延伸构件56，每一个延伸构件都具有六角形开口58。圆柱形销54被容纳在六角形开口58内并且通过摩擦被保持于其中，以便保持第一和第二基座部分50和52处于组装状态。
旋纽60具有完全贯穿于其延伸的孔62，该孔用于与执行部分22接合并使该执行部分22绕其纵向轴线旋转。旋纽60包括向内突出的凸起64，该凸起至少沿孔62的一部分延伸。该突出的凸起64被接收于形成在闭合套管32的近侧部分处的纵向狭槽66内，从而旋纽60的转动引起闭合套管32的转动。可以理解的是，凸起64进一步延伸穿过框架34并与发射驱动构件36的一部分接触以使它们也转动。由此，端部执行器12(图6-9中未示出)随着旋纽60转动。
框架34的近端68向近侧穿过旋钮60并且配置有周向切口70，该周向切口70由分别从基座部分50和52伸出的相对的通道固定构件72接合。图中仅仅示出了第二基座部分52的通道固定构件72。从基座部分50和52伸出的通道固定构件72用来将框架34固定到手柄部分20上，从而框架34不相对于手柄部分20纵向移动。
闭合扳柄26有手柄部分74、扇形齿轮部分76以及中间部分78。孔80延伸穿过中间部分78。从第二基座部分52延伸出的圆柱形支撑构件82穿过孔80，以便把闭合扳柄26铰接安装到手柄部分20上。从第二基座部分52延伸出的第二圆柱形支撑构件83穿过发射扳柄28的孔81，以便将发射扳柄28铰接安装在手柄部分20上。在圆柱形支撑构件83内设置一个六角形开口84来接收从第一基座部分50延伸出的固定销(未示出)。
闭合轭86装在手柄部分20内，用于在其中往复运动，并用于将闭合扳柄26的运动传递给闭合套管32。从第二基座部分52延伸的支撑构件88和穿过轭86上的凹槽89延伸的固定构件72将轭86支撑在手柄部分20内。
闭合套管32的近端90配置有凸缘92，该凸缘92卡扣配合在形成于轭86的远端96上的接纳凹槽94内。轭86的近端98有与闭合扳柄26的扇形齿轮部分76啮合的齿条100。当使闭合扳柄26向手柄部分20的枪式握柄24移动时，轭86以及因此还有闭合套管32也向远侧移动，同时压缩将轭86向近侧偏压的弹簧102。闭合套管32向远侧的运动引起砧板18向远侧并朝端部执行器12的缝钉通道16的旋转平移运动，并且如下所述，向近侧的运动引起闭合。
通过与发射扳柄28的接合面128相互作用的前表面130，将闭合扳柄26向前偏压到打开位置。绕销106向上旋转到手柄部分20的后部的第一夹紧钩104限制发射扳柄28向手枪形握柄24运动，直到闭合扳柄26被紧固到其闭合位置上。钩104通过接合发射扳柄28上的锁定销107抑制发射扳柄28的运动。钩104还与闭合扳柄26接触。具体地说，钩104的向前突起108与闭合扳柄26的中间部分78上的构件110接合，该构件110朝向把手部分74位于孔80的外部。钩104通过释放弹簧112被偏压向与闭合扳柄26的构件110接触并与发射扳柄28上的锁定销107接合。当按压闭合扳柄26时，使钩104向顶部移动到后部，压缩夹置在钩104上的向后突起114和释放按钮30上的向前突起116之间的释放弹簧112。
当轭86响应于闭合扳柄26向近侧的运动而向远侧移动时，释放按钮30的上部锁闩臂118沿轭86的上表面120移动，直到落入在轭86的近侧下部上的向上设置的凹槽122内。例如如图8所示，释放弹簧112向外推动释放按钮30，该按钮30向下枢转上部锁闩臂118以与向上设置的凹槽122接合，由此将闭合扳柄26锁定在组织夹紧位置上。
通过向内推动释放按钮30，可以使上部锁闩臂118移出凹槽122，以便释放砧板18。具体地说，上部锁闩臂118绕第二基座部分52的销123向上旋转。于是，就允许轭86响应于闭合扳柄26的返回运动而向近侧移动。
发射扳柄返回弹簧124设置在手柄部分20内，其一端连接到第二基座部分52的销106上，另一端连接到发射扳柄28上的销126上。发射返回弹簧124向销126施加回复力，以便沿着远离手柄部分20的手枪形握柄24的方向偏压发射扳柄28。通过使闭合扳柄26的前表面130偏置的发射扳柄28的接合面128，也将闭合扳柄26偏压远离手枪形扳柄24。
当使闭合扳柄26向手枪形握柄24运动时，其前表面130与发射扳柄28上的接合面128接合，使得发射扳柄28向其“发射”位置移动。当处于其发射位置时，发射扳柄28位于与手枪形握柄24成约45°角的位置。在缝钉发射后，弹簧124使发射扳柄28返回到其初始位置。在发射扳柄28的返回运动期间，其接合面128推压闭合扳柄26的前表面130，使闭合扳柄26回到其初始位置。止动构件132从第二基座部分52伸出，以防止闭合扳柄26旋转到其初始位置之外。
外科缝合和切割器械10还包括往复部件134、倍增器136和驱动构件138。往复部件134包括位于执行部分22内的楔形滑板(图6-9中未示出)以及金属驱动杆140。
驱动构件138包括第一和第二齿条141和142。第一凹口144在第一和第二齿条141、142中间设置于驱动构件138上。在发射扳柄28的返回运动期间，发射扳柄28上的齿146与第一凹口144啮合，以便在缝钉发射后使驱动构件138返回到其初始位置。第二凹口148设置在金属驱动杆140的近端，用于在其未发射位置将金属驱动杆140锁定到释放按钮30的上部锁闩臂118上。
倍增器136包括第一和第二整体式小齿轮150和152。第一整体式小齿轮150和设置在金属驱动杆140上的第一齿条154啮合。第二一体式齿轮152与驱动构件138上的第一齿条141啮合。第一整体式小齿轮150具有第一直径，并且第二整体式小齿轮具有比第一直径小的第二直径152。
图6、8和9分别示出了处于初始始位置(打开且未发射)、夹紧位置(闭合且未发射)以及发射位置的手柄部分20。发射扳柄28配置有扇形齿轮部分156。该扇形齿轮部分156与驱动构件138上的第二齿条142啮合，从而发射扳柄28的运动使得驱动构件138在图8所示的第一驱动位置和图9所示的第二驱动位置之间来回运动。为了防止在组织被夹紧之前发射缝钉，使释放按钮30上的上部锁闩臂118与驱动构件138上的第二凹口148接合，从而如图6所示将金属驱动杆140锁定在其最近侧位置。如图9所示，当上部锁闩臂118落入凹槽122内时，上部锁闩臂118与第二凹口148脱开，以便允许金属驱动杆140向远侧移动。
因为驱动构件138上的第一齿条141和金属驱动杆140上的齿条154与倍增器136啮合，所以发射扳柄28的运动使得金属驱动杆140在图8所示的第一往复位置和图9所示的第二往复位置之间往复运动。因为第一小齿轮150的直径大于第二小齿轮152的直径，所以倍增器136将往复部件134移动的距离大于由发射把手28移动驱动构件138的距离。第一和第二小齿轮150和152的直径可以变化，以允许改变发射扳柄28的行程长度和使其移动所需的力。
可以理解的是，手柄部分20是图示性质的，并且可以采用其他的致动机构。例如，可以通过自动装置产生闭合和发射运动。
独立且相异的闭合和发射端部执行器
在图10-16中更详细地示出了外科缝合和切割器械10的端部执行器12。如上所述，手柄部分20产生致动端部执行器12的独立且相异的闭合和发射运动。端部执行器12有利地保持这种独立且相异的闭合和发射(即缝合和切割)的临床灵活性。另外，端部执行器12具有上述能力来在医师定位并夹紧组织组织后的发射过程中确保闭合间距。在程序上和结构上的特征通过在例如夹紧不足量的组织的场合确保足够的间距以及例如在夹紧了过量组织的场合增加夹紧而提高了外科缝合和切割器械10的能力。
图10示出了端部执行器12，其通过缩回的闭合套管32而处于开放位置，而且缝钉匣37安装在缝钉通道16内。在砧板18的下表面200上，排列着多个缝钉成形槽202以与缝钉匣37的上表面206上的多个缝钉孔204对应。发射杆14位于其近侧位置，而且上销38与砧槽40以互不干扰的方式对齐。图中示出砧槽40与砧板18中的纵向砧槽42相通。发射杆14的向远侧设置的切割边缘48与缝钉匣37内的垂直狭槽49对齐并可以从中向近侧移出。由此允许取走用尽的缝钉匣37并插入未发射的缝钉匣37，将该缝钉匣37卡扣配合到缝钉通道16内。具体地说，缝钉匣37的延伸构件208、210与缝钉通道16的凹槽212、214(图12中示出)接合。
图11以分解方式示出了外科缝合和切割器械10的执行部分22。图中示出缝钉匣37由筒主体216、楔形滑板218、单和双驱动器220、缝钉222和筒托架224构成。在组装时，筒托架224将楔形滑板218、单和双驱动器220以及缝钉222保持在筒主体216内。
与将凸轮表面结合到发射杆本身上相比，具有与缝钉匣37成一整体的楔形滑板218能够有更多灵活的设计选择方案。例如，可以选择许多不同的缝钉匣用于器械10中，而且每一个缝钉匣具有不同的缝钉排列结构，因此每一个具有特有的楔形滑板，该楔形滑板被构造成在使缝钉222驱动的同时与发射杆14上的中间销46接触。作为另一个实例，整体式楔形滑板218为多种锁定部件提供了一个机会，这在前述第一和第三未审决申请中有更详细的描述。
缝钉通道16具有设置在近侧的安装腔226，该安装腔接收在框架34的远端上的通道锚固件228，以便将端部执行器12连接到手柄部分20上。缝钉通道16还包括用于旋转接收砧板18的砧板轴232的砧板凸轮槽230。包围框架34的闭合套管32包括远侧设置的小凸出部234，该小凸出部与在砧板18上位于近侧但处于砧板轴232远侧的砧板构件236接合，从而使得砧板18打开和闭合。图中示出了发射驱动构件36与通过销240连接到发射连接件238上的发射杆14组装在一起，该发射连接件又可旋转地在近侧连接到金属驱动杆140上。发射杆14在框架的远端由插入到框架内的槽式导向件239引导。
特别参见图12，去除了缝钉匣37的一部分，以显示出缝钉通道16的一些部分，例如凹槽212、214，并暴露出处于其未发射位置的缝钉匣37的一些部件。具体地说，将筒主体216(如图11所示)去除。图中示出了楔形滑板218位于其近侧的未发射位置，同时推进块242与发射杆14的中间销46(图12中未示出)接触。楔形滑板218在筒托架224上处于沿纵向的滑动接触中并且包括当楔形滑板218向远侧移动时迫使单和双驱动器220向上的楔形件228。由此还使搁置于驱动器220上的缝钉222(图12中未示出)也被迫向上与砧板18上的缝钉成形槽202接触来形成闭合的缝钉。图中还示出了缝钉通道16内与缝钉匣37的垂直狭槽49对齐的通道狭槽45。
图13示出了图12中的端部执行器12，其中去除了所有的缝钉匣37，以便显示发射杆14的中间销46，并且去除了与通道狭槽45相邻的缝钉通道16的一部分，以便暴露出发射杆帽44。另外，去除了轴23的部分，以露出发射杆14的近侧部分。在枢轴附近从砧板18向下突出的一对相对的组织止停件244防止组织在夹紧期间向上进入端部执行器12中太多。
图14示出了在组织夹紧位置闭合并且发射杆14未发射时的端部执行器12。上销38位于砧槽40中，为了在发射期间发射杆14的向远侧的纵向移动而与砧狭槽42垂直对齐。中间销46被设置成向远侧推动楔形滑板218，从而楔形件228依次接触并将双驱动器220和各缝钉222抬起成与位于砧板18的下表面200上的缝钉成形槽202相接触的状态。
图15示出了发射杆14处于未发射的近侧位置时缝钉匣37的上表面206。缝钉孔204排列在缝钉匣37中的垂直狭槽49的每一侧上。
图16示出了枢轴附近的端部执行器12，示出了缝钉通道16具有相对的斜面部分246，由此与砧板18的组织止停件244(图16中未示出)共同作用来防止组织堵塞端部执行器12。还更加详细地示出了双驱动器220以及它们与缝钉222的关系。
操作
使用时，外科缝合和切割器械10如图1、2和17-23中所示的使用。在图1-2中，器械10处于其开始位置，未发射的、充分加载的缝钉匣37已经卡扣在缝钉通道16的远端上。两扳柄26、28都向前并且端部执行器12打开，例如是在将端部执行器12通过套管针或其它的开口插入到体腔后的典型状态。然后，由医师操作器械10，从而使得待缝合和切割的组织248如图17所示地置于缝钉匣37和砧板18之间。
参见图18-19，接下来，医师向近侧移动闭合扳柄26，直到使其处于与手枪形握柄24直接相邻的位置，将手柄部分20锁定在闭合的夹紧位置上。在端部执行器12中的缩回的发射杆14不会妨碍端部执行器12的有选择的打开和闭合，而是留在砧槽40中。随着砧板18的闭合和夹紧，将E形梁发射杆14校准以穿过端部执行器12发射。具体地说，使上销38与砧槽42和缝钉通道16对齐，缝钉通道16通过中间销46和发射杆帽44围绕通道狭槽45确定地接合。
参见图20-21，在已夹紧组织后，医师向近侧移动发射扳柄28，使得发射杆14向远侧移动到端部执行器12中。具体地说，中间销46通过发射驱动狭槽47进入缝钉匣37中，以通过楔形滑板218朝砧板18发射缝钉222(在图20-22中未示出)。最下部的销或发射杆帽44与中间销46合作，以滑动地定位发射杆14的切割边缘48以便切割组织。该两个销44、46还将发射杆14的上销38定位在砧板18的纵向砧槽42内，在其的向远端发射运动的整个过程中确保砧板18和缝钉通道16之间的距离。
参见图22-23，医师继续移动发射扳柄28，直到使其靠近闭合扳柄26和手枪形握柄24。由此，使所有的缝钉222的末端由于与砧板18接合而弯曲。发射杆帽44停靠在向通道狭槽45的远端突出的发射杆止停件250上。切割边缘48完全穿越组织。通过释放发射扳柄28、然后按压释放按钮30且同时挤压闭合扳柄26以打开端部执行器12，可结束该过程。
用于缺少/用尽的缝钉匣的单向锁定
如上所述，E形梁发射杆14具有在同时切割组织并在切口的每一侧上使缝钉成形的同时确实地隔开端部执行器12的独特功能。参考图24，防止发射杆14向远侧运动由此防止了无意地切割组织。单向锁定机构270优选通过阻挡发射杆的中间销46(仅仅在图24中示出了发射杆的中间销)来响应缺少的缝钉匣37或者用尽的缝钉匣37，后一种情况在图24中示出。
具体地，图中示出的单向锁定机构270为一对设置在缝钉通道16中的弯曲的弹性指272，用以响应于两种条件：缺少缝钉匣和用尽的缝钉匣。具体地说，当不存在楔形滑板218(在图24中未示出)时，例如当拆除缝钉匣37时或当缝钉匣37已经发射时，弯曲的弹性指272向上升起以阻挡发射杆14的中间销46。
图25-28依次示出了当外科缝合和切割器械10发射时的单向锁定机构270，尤其是弯曲的弹性指272。在图25中，未发射的缝钉匣37已经被插入到缝钉通道16中，同时楔形滑板218按压弯曲的弹性指272，从而使形成于缝钉匣37和缝钉通道16之间的发射驱动狭槽47不受阻。
在图26中，缝钉匣37的发射已经开始，同时楔形滑板218和发射杆14的中间销46已经向远侧移出弯曲的弹性指272，该弹性指然后向上弹入到发射驱动狭槽47中。
在图27中，楔形滑板218已经完全被驱动到远侧并且不再显示，缝钉匣37此时已经用尽。发射杆14正向近侧缩回。因为弯曲的弹性指272从更远侧的点枢转，所以在缩回期间发射杆14可以跨到弯曲的弹性指272上，将它们从发射驱动狭槽47中压出。
在图28中，使发射杆14完全缩回并且此时面对未被按压的成对的弯曲弹性指272以防止向远侧的运动。由此，单向锁定机构270在将用尽的缝钉匣37拆除直到安装未发射的缝钉匣37的期间保持起作用状态。
图29示出了锁定槽274，为了提供加大的机械强度，其可优选地包含在单向锁定机构270中。在某些应用中，可能希望阻挡强烈的发射运动而不损坏弯曲的弹性指272。当没有按压弯曲的弹性指272时，锁定槽274与发射驱动狭槽47连通。而且，锁定槽274沿远侧方向向下倾斜，从而将发射杆14的中间销46引向在锁定槽274远端处的抵接面276，由此重作发射杆14到缝钉通道16′中的远侧运动。具体地说，位于其初始位置的发射杆14向远侧的下部位置移动，用14′表示，其中，中间销46向用46′示出的位置移动。可以理解的是，上销38和下发射杆帽44因为每一个都分别移到远侧的下部位置38′和44′，所以它们抵靠着在缝钉通道16定位中间销46，从而中间销46进入锁定槽274。
还可以理解的是，发射杆14′可以容易地从锁定槽274中缩回。而且，因为上销38′将在该位置上与砧板18接合(在图29中未示出)，所以医师必须收回发射杆14′，从而为了插入未发射的缝钉匣37，可以打开砧板18，并且这样发射杆14将被完全缩回并且不妨碍将弯曲的弹性指272下压到其非作用状态。
图30示出了另一种单向锁定机构270，其在图中为一对具有倾斜端部282的锁定钩280，该锁定钩相对于穿过缝钉通道16中的孔286插入的连接装置284设置在远侧。倾斜端部282位于在缝钉通道16中形成的钩槽288的上方。因此，当每一个倾斜端部282由未发射的缝钉匣37的楔形滑板218(图30中未示出)接触时，将倾斜端部282压入到钩槽288内，由此为发射杆14的中间销46(图30中仅示出了中间销)向远侧移动以发射缝钉匣37清除道路。如图所示，将连接装置284分别与每一锁定钩280的倾斜端部282连接的细轴290弹性地响应楔形滑板218的缺少，其中倾斜端部282返回以阻碍发射驱动狭槽47，从而阻挡发射杆的缩回的中间销46。
图31-34示出了锁定钩280的操作顺序。在图31中，缝钉匣37未发射，从而设置在远侧的楔形滑板218将倾斜端部282压入到钩槽288中，这允许如图32所示发射杆14的中间销46在发射期间向远侧移动。当楔形滑板218和中间销46相对于锁定机钩270向远侧移动时，倾斜端部282从钩槽282中弹出并占据发射驱动狭槽47。
在图33中，发射杆14正缩回到接触锁定钩280的倾斜端部282的位置。因为倾斜端部282的远端比倾斜端部282的近端部分低，所以发射杆14的中间销46骑在倾斜端部282上，迫使它们向下进入到钩槽288内，直到如图34所示，中间销46经过了倾斜端部282，其中倾斜端部282向上弹回以阻挡中间销46。这样，当用未发射的缝钉匣37替换用尽的缝钉匣37时，防止发射杆14向远侧运动。
电活化聚合物
电活化聚合物(EAPs)是一组导电的掺杂聚合物，其在施加电压时改变形状。实质上，导电的聚合物与某些形式的离子流体或凝胶和电极配合。离子从流体/凝胶中流入导电的聚合物或者从导电的聚合物中流出的流动通过施加的电位引起，并且这种流动引起聚合物的形状变化。依据所使用的聚合物和离子流体，电位在1V到4KV的范围内。一些EAPs在施加电压时收缩，而一些则膨胀。EAPs可以与机械装置配合，比如与弹性或柔性盘配合，来改变施加电压时所产生的效果。
有两种基本类型的EAPs并且每种有多种构造。该两种基本类型是纤维束和层压形式。纤维束由大约在30-50微米的纤维构成。这些纤维可以被织成非常类似于织物的一束并且因此常被称为EAP纱。这种类型的EAP在施加电压时收缩。电极通常由中央线芯和导电的外套组成，该外套还用来包含围绕纤维束的离子流体。一种可以在市场上买到的纤维EAP材料的例子由Santa Fe Science and Technology生产并且以商标PANIONTM纤维出售，而且在美国专利No.6,667,825中有描述，该专利的内容在此全部引入以供参考。
另一种类型是层压结构，其由一层EAP聚合物、一层离子凝胶和两个连接到所述层压件的每一侧上的柔性板构成。当施加电压时，方形的层压板沿一个方向膨胀，并且沿垂直方向收缩。一种可以在市场上买到的层压(板形)EAP材料的例子来自于Artificial Muscle Inc，其为SRI实验室的一个部门。板形EAP材料还可以从日本的EAMEX得到，其被称为薄膜EAP。
应当注意的是，EAPs在被加电时体积不变；它们仅仅是沿一个方向膨胀或收缩，而在横向上则与之相反地变化。可以通过将一侧包含到刚性结构上并将另一侧更像活塞一样的使用而以其基本形式使用层压形式。层压形式还可以被粘接到柔性板的任意一侧上。当给柔性板EAP的一侧加电时，其沿相反方向扩张弯曲柔性板。依据加电侧的不同，这允许该板在任一方向上弯曲。
EAP致动器通常由许多层或者成束的纤维一起组成，以便配合工作。EAP的机械构造确定EAP致动器和其运动的能力。可以将EAP形成长绳并且缠绕在单个中心电极上。柔性的外部外套管将为致动器形成另一个电极并且装有该装置的功能所必需的离子流体。在这种结构中，当将电场施加到电极上时，EAP绳缩短。EAP致动器的这种构造被称为纤维EAP致动器。同样，可以在柔性板的每一侧上以多层放置层压结构或者仅仅在其自身上放置多层以增加其性能。典型的纤维结构具有2-4％的有效应力，典型的层压形式利用更高的电压可获得20-30％。
例如，层压EAP材料可以由连接到EAP层上的正板电极层形成，该EAP层又连接到离子细胞层上，而离子细胞层又连接到负板电极层上。多个层压EAP复合材料可以通过它们之间的粘合剂层以堆叠的方式固定，以形成EAP板状致动器。可以理解的是，相对的EAP致动器可以被形成为沿任一方向有选择性地弯曲。
收缩式EAP纤维致动器可以包括纵向的铂阴极电线，该阴极电线穿过绝缘的聚合物近端帽，然后经过一细长的圆柱形腔体，该圆柱形腔体形成于经导电涂层以作为阳极使用的塑料圆柱形壁内。铂阴极电线的远端被嵌入绝缘的聚合物远端帽内。许多收缩聚合物纤维与阴极电线平行地布置并且围绕该阴极电线，它们的端部被嵌入到相应的端帽中。塑料圆柱形壁沿圆周围绕相应的端帽连接，以包围圆柱形腔体来将填充位于收缩聚合纤维和阴极电线之间的空间的离子流体或凝胶密封。当经过圆柱形壁(阳极)和阴极电线施加电压时，离子流体进入收缩的聚合物纤维内，使它们的外径膨胀，同时长度相应地缩短，由此将各端帽拉向彼此。
带有垂直膨胀的EAP锁定机构的两件式刀具
在图35中，示出的外科缝合和切割器械510是打开的，同时E形梁512完全缩回到缝钉施放组件514内。在组装期间，E形梁512的下支脚516通过在缝钉施放组件514的缝钉通道520内的一个加宽孔518落下。然后，使E形梁512前行，从而E形梁512沿形成于缝钉通道520内的下部轨道522向远侧滑行。具体地说，下部轨道522包括一狭窄的狭槽524，其在缝钉通道520的下表面上开口增大为加宽的狭槽526，以形成与加宽孔518相通的倒T字形横截面。一旦组装好后，在近侧连接到发射杆528(其连接到E形梁512上)上的各零部件不允许下支脚516再次向近侧移动到加宽孔518来允许脱离。
参见图35-36，E形梁512的中间销530沿缝钉匣520的上表面滑至下部轨道522的每一侧，与下支脚516相应配合来沿纵向滑动地接合缝钉通道520。当向近侧缩回时，E形梁512的上销532保留在砧槽534内(图36)，这允许响应于闭合套管组件538的闭合运动而使缝钉施放组件514的上钳口或砧板536重复地打开和闭合，所述的闭合套管组件538在马蹄形孔540处卡到砧板536的闭合部件542上。砧板536绕近侧砧板枢轴销544枢转，该砧板枢轴销在位于缝钉通道520内的一个相应的砧板枢轴槽546内滑动(在图36中以虚线示出)。
在图36中，E形梁512的近侧发射杆528包括抵靠着缝钉通道520滑行的向下突出部548，该向下突出部548在缩回时有利地抬起远侧E形梁512，有利地为通过诸如套管针的插入准备缝钉施放组件514，并且为了进入EAP致动式锁定机构550而使中间销530分级。
在图37-38中，当发射开始时，E形梁512已经向远侧移动。上销532进入形成于砧板536上的与砧槽534相通的加宽的砧板轨道552。与砧板轨道552垂直连通的变窄的砧槽554允许E形梁512的切割表面556通过，所述的切割表面556切割被夹紧在砧板536和接合缝钉通道520的缝钉匣558之间的组织。E形梁512的在切割表面556和中间销530之间的接合面560与楔形滑板562抵接(图36)，该楔形滑板562是整体的并且最初在缝钉匣558中位于近侧。可以理解的是，楔形滑板562将缝钉驱动器564向上抬起，并且由此将置于缝钉驱动器564上的缝钉566抬起进入缝钉孔568，以便抵靠着砧板536成形。
发射杆528的更近侧的加高部分572接收由夹簧574产生的向下驱动力，该夹簧与外科缝合和切割器械510的执行部分580的长轴578的框架576接合。夹簧574和加高部分572之间的接触在射击行程的第一部分中相互一致，该射击行程的第一部分与落入加宽孔518中的向下突出部548并且接近EAP致动式锁定机构550的中间销530相对应。因此，在射击行程的这个部分，夹簧574有助于驱动中间销530向下进入形成于缝钉通道520中的斜槽591中。在图35-38中，EAP致动式锁定机构590包括EAP垂直膨胀致动器592，其接收来自于手柄部分(未示出)的电刺激信号以去致动EAP致动式锁定机构590，垂直压缩，为中间销530和下支脚516中的一个或者两者清除道路。
带有向下偏转的、抵接的EAP致动器的EAP致动式锁定机构
在图39-40中，除了EAP致动式锁定机构650使用一个向近侧突出的向下致动的EAP板状致动器592外，外科缝合和切割器械610与图35-38中描述的器械相同，该EAP板状致动器592通常被校正以阻塞形成于缝钉通道620中的斜槽691，并且可以被致动以向下弯曲成与斜槽691对齐(在图40中以虚线示出，用692′表示)。因此，EAP板状致动器692的近端具有抵接表面693以吸收来自于中间销530并且由此来自于E形梁512的发射力。
带有向下偏转的活板门EAP板状致动器的EAP致动式锁定机构
在图40-41中，除了EAP致动式锁定机构750利用向近侧突出的向下致动的EAP板状致动器592外，外科缝合和切割器械710与上面针对图35-38描述的相同，该EAP板状致动器致动器592通常被调整为活板门来打开形成于缝钉通道720上的斜槽791，并且可以被致动以向下弯曲来闭合斜槽791(在图40中以虚线示出，用792′表示)，从而允许发射。这样，在斜槽远端的抵接表面793吸收来自于E形梁512的中间销530的发射力，防止发射。
EAP致动器控制电路
可以理解的是，在手柄部分中的控制电路可以通过在确信适当时使EAP锁定去致动而有利地响应或者先于使用者的发射命令。例如，感知的缺失的缝钉匣、用尽的缝钉匣或者对端部执行器来说型号错误的缝钉匣可以阻止去致动信号到达EAP锁定或者可以由手柄部分内的控制逻辑来感知和解释。作为另一个例子，可以感知未正确夹紧的组织(如，沿钳口分开设置的压力转换器可以感知到沿端部执行器的某些部分夹紧太多组织或太少组织)。另外，对于包含用于薄或厚组织的支持材料的端部执行器，在承认相反情况时，支持材料的存在和缺少可以防止脱开锁定。
尽管通过对几个实施例的描述对本发明进行了阐述，并且尽管已经相当详细地描述了所示的实施例，但是本申请人的意图不是约束或以任何方式将所附权利要求的范围限制到如此的细节。其它的优点和改进对于本领域的技术人员来说是显而易见的。
例如，机械式单向锁定机构可以包括被包围在缝钉通道16内的由弹簧加载的柱塞，该由弹簧加载的柱塞在不接触楔形滑板218时向上移动到发射驱动狭槽47中，同时该柱塞具有钩子或者其他特征。
作为另一个例子，尽管EAP致动器控制电路被描述成在无动力时默认锁定状态，但可以理解的是这种布置是示意性的。与本发明的各方面一致的应用可以利用一个或多个EAP致动器默认成未锁定状态，以将它们移动到锁定状态。
作为再一个例子，尽管在说明性形式中描述了一个可拆卸的缝钉匣，但与本发明一致的应用可包括可以互换的执行部分，其中EAP锁定机构可以被至少部分地包含在远侧的可互换的执行部分。供选择的是，发射杆或者发射杆的邻近端部执行器的一部分可以包括接触面，其由邻近端部执行器的EAP锁定机构来有选择性地阻塞。

Claims (8)

1.一种外科器械，包括：
可操作地构造以产生发射运动的手柄部分；
连接到该手柄部分上的细长轴；
发射杆，其为了往复的纵向运动被接收在所述的细长轴内以传输所述的发射运动；
端部执行器，其在远侧连接到所述的细长轴上，形成一个执行部分，该端部执行器响应于发射杆以执行外科操作；
可操作地构造以产生发射信号的控制电路；以及
电锁定机构，其设置在所述的执行部分中，响应于所述的发射信号，以在阻挡发射杆的位置和不阻挡发射杆的位置之间改变状态。
2.如权利要求1所述的外科器械，其特征为，所述的电锁定机构还包括电活化聚合物致动器。
3.如权利要求2所述的外科器械，其特征为，所述的发射杆包括一倾斜的侧表面，当撤回处于阻挡位置的电锁定机构时，该侧表面可以越过。
4.如权利要求2所述的外科器械，其特征为，所述的电活化聚合物致动器包括层叠致动器，该层叠致动器被设置成横向于发射杆的运动轴线致动。
5.如权利要求2所述的外科器械，其特征为，所述的电活化聚合物致动器包括向近侧指向的锁定指，其被可操作地构造成在升起和降下位置之间致动并放松。
6.如权利要求5所述的外科器械，其特征为，执行部分包括向内指向的凹槽，其被设置成在处于下降位置时接收向近侧指向的锁定指，这允许发射杆在其上向远侧移位，其中将向近侧指向的锁定指的近端校准以在升起位置时抵接发射杆。
7.如权利要求5所述的外科器械，还包括一个被连接到所述发射杆上的横向接触面，所述的端部执行器包括被配置成在发射行程的初始部分中接收所述横向接触面的凹槽，所述的细长轴还包括一个作用于发射杆上、将所述横向接触面推入到端部执行器凹槽中的相对的偏压件，向近侧指向的锁定指被定位成使所述凹槽靠近所述横向接触面并且将所述横向接触面引导到凹槽内。
8.如权利要求7所述的外科器械，其特征为，还包括被层压到所述电活化聚合物致动器上的刚性基底。
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DE602005021279D1 (de) 2010-07-01
BRPI0503063A (pt) 2006-03-14
CA2513945A1 (en) 2006-01-28
AU2005203134A1 (en) 2006-02-16
ATE468073T1 (de) 2010-06-15
EP1621142B1 (en) 2010-05-19
CN1736340A (zh) 2006-02-22
CA2513945C (en) 2013-09-24
EP1621142A3 (en) 2008-04-23
AU2005203134B2 (en) 2012-02-16
KR20060092850A (ko) 2006-08-23
EP1621142A2 (en) 2006-02-01
JP4869648B2 (ja) 2012-02-08
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MXPA05008038A (es) 2006-02-10

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