CN100549795C - A kind of area array CCD camera shutter - Google Patents
A kind of area array CCD camera shutter Download PDFInfo
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- CN100549795C CN100549795C CNB2008102222326A CN200810222232A CN100549795C CN 100549795 C CN100549795 C CN 100549795C CN B2008102222326 A CNB2008102222326 A CN B2008102222326A CN 200810222232 A CN200810222232 A CN 200810222232A CN 100549795 C CN100549795 C CN 100549795C
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Abstract
A kind of area array CCD camera shutter comprises fast dish, dish, code-disc, first motor, second motor and control circuit slowly; Coil and coil slowly an end that is installed on first machine shaft and second machine shaft respectively soon, the other end of first machine shaft and second machine shaft is installed code-disc respectively, fast dish rotates with coiling slowly with different speed, code-disc is measured fast dish and the velocity of rotation and the phase place of coiling slowly and is delivered to control circuit, control circuit is controlled first motor and second motor with constant rotating speed rotation according to described velocity of rotation and phase signal; Fast dish and leave different big or small fan-shaped openings respectively on the dish slowly, when fast dish and the fan-shaped opening that coils slowly passed through light path simultaneously, CCD was in exposure status; When fast dish with the fan-shaped opening of dish is not when entering light path simultaneously slowly, CCD is not exposed, and can remove or read the electric charge among the CCD.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of camera shutter, particularly a kind of shutter that can be used for the Space Remote Sensors area array CCD camera.
Background technology
Shutter is the important component part of space area array cameras, require to remove in advance the noise charge among the CCD when using the camera imaging of full frame profile battle array ccd detector, after exposure is finished, a period of time reading electric charges is reserved in requirement, twice imaging time at interval in, two tasks finishing reading of data and clear data, this will seek quickness door except control time shutter (being the integral time of CCD) to satisfy the imaging requirements, also in non-imaging time, avoid the CCD exposure.
At present, the shutter that camera adopts mainly contains two kinds of the stacked and curtain-types in center, with the curtain shutter is example, this shutter has forward and backward 2 layers of cord, 2 layers of cord all have opening portion, back curtain is longer than preceding curtain, and an end of 2 layers of cord is separately fixed at 2 and tightens on the roll shaft, and the other end is separately fixed on the warp roll shaft.Be provided with torsionspring in the warp roller.When tightening roll shaft rotation scrolling shutter cord, tightened the torsionspring in the warp roller.During fast exposure gate, warp under the torsionspring effect of shutter cord in the warp roll shaft, the exposure curtain seam of 2 shutter cord opening portion formation passes through focal plane in the same way with identical speed, light is not fallen on the focal plane with blocking, this shutter uses spring or electromagnetic component to drive, life-span only has about 50,000 times, can not satisfy high precision, the demand of long-life (above 100,000,000 times) of space camera.
Summary of the invention
Technology of the present invention is dealt with problems and is: overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of high precision, long-life area array CCD camera shutter that satisfies space CCD camera imaging requirement is provided.
Technical solution of the present invention is: a kind of area array CCD camera shutter comprises: fast dish, dish, code-disc, first motor, second motor and control circuit slowly; Coil and coil slowly an end that is installed on first machine shaft and second machine shaft respectively soon, the other end of first machine shaft and second machine shaft is installed code-disc respectively, fast dish rotates with coiling slowly with different speed, code-disc is measured fast dish and the velocity of rotation and the phase place of coiling slowly and is delivered to control circuit, control circuit is controlled first motor and second motor with constant rotating speed rotation according to described velocity of rotation and phase signal; Fast dish and leave different big or small fan-shaped openings respectively on the dish slowly, when fast dish and the fan-shaped opening that coils slowly passed through light path simultaneously, CCD was in exposure status; When fast dish with the fan-shaped opening of dish is not when entering light path simultaneously slowly, CCD is not exposed, and can remove or read the electric charge among the CCD.
Described CCD is in the rotating speed decision of the time shutter of exposure status by fast dish.
Described first motor or second motor are dc brushless motor, and its torque fluctuations coefficient is not more than 3%.
Described fast dish or coil by rustproof aluminum alloy is slowly made, and carries out static equilibrium and handle.
To constituting, photoelectricity is to being constituted by luminotron and photosensitive tube by mechanical code-disc and photoelectricity for described code-disc, and mechanical code-disc is between luminotron and photosensitive tube; When mechanical code-disc rotates, the velocity pulse that photoelectricity rotates the reflection motor and the weekly P-pulse of motor rotates needed speed as the control motor and phase signal is delivered to control circuit.
Described control circuit is the frequency locking phase lock circuitry.
The fan-shaped openings of sizes of described fast dish is by the integral time of CCD and the rotating speed decision of fast dish, and the pass is: the fan-shaped angular aperture number of degrees of fast dish=CCD integral time * 360 degree ÷ coils rotation period soon.
The fan-shaped openings of sizes of described dish slowly is by the rotating speed and the imaging cycle decision of dish slowly.
The present invention's advantage compared with prior art is:
(1) camera shutter of the present invention is by fast dish of control circuit control motor-driven and the velocity of rotation of coiling slowly, the compound movement mode that replaces existing shutter with simple unidirectional continuous rotation, satisfy the imaging needs of space area array CCD consecutive periods, prolonged serviceable life;
(2) camera shutter of the present invention can be determined the integral time of CCD by the rotating speed of adjusting fast dish, can satisfy the imaging requirements under the various different situations;
(3) adopt the dc brushless motor of less torque fluctuations coefficient among the present invention, guaranteed the homogeneity of disc rotation, improved imaging precision;
(4) dish or coil by rustproof aluminum alloy slowly and make soon, aluminum disc rotation inertia is little, has reduced the moment requirement of electric motor starting, and the homogeneity that has guaranteed disc rotation is handled in static equilibrium, has improved imaging precision;
(5) mechanical code-disc is between photoelectricity right luminotron and photosensitive tube, when mechanical code-disc rotates, photoelectricity rotates needed speed and phase signal to exporting velocity pulse and the weekly P-pulse of motor that the reflection motor rotates as control system control motor.The feedback signal that control system utilizes code-disc to provide has improved the constant and steady of motor speed;
(6) control circuit adopts the frequency locking phase lock circuitry, has guaranteed steadily constant rotation of motor, has improved imaging precision;
(7) fast dish is used for guaranteeing the accuracy of CCD time shutter, and dish guarantees in each imaging cycle slowly, removes in the time period of fast dish control CCD exposure, and light path is in light-blocking state all the time, does not have light to enter CCD.Fast dish rotates with coiling slowly to cooperate, and has guaranteed finishing smoothly of imaging.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 forms front view for the structure of area array CCD camera shutter of the present invention;
Fig. 2 forms vertical view for the structure of area array CCD camera shutter of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural drawing of the fast dish of area array CCD camera shutter of the present invention;
The structural drawing that Fig. 4 coils slowly for area array CCD camera shutter of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the theory diagram of area array CCD camera shutter control circuit of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the theory diagram of motor-drive circuit in the area array CCD camera shutter control circuit of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the theory diagram of phase-locked loop in the area array CCD camera shutter control circuit of the present invention.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, 2, be the structure composition diagram of area array CCD camera shutter of the present invention, comprise fast dish 1, coil 3 slowly, code-disc 5, first motor 2, second motor 4 and the control circuit; Fast dish 1 and coil 3 ends that are installed on 2 rotating shafts of first motor and 4 rotating shafts of second motor respectively slowly, the other end of 2 rotating shafts of first motor and 4 rotating shafts of second motor is installed code-disc 5 respectively, fast dish 1 and coil 3 slowly and rotate with different speed, code-disc 5 is measured fast dish 1 and is coiled 3 velocity of rotation and phase place slowly and deliver to control circuit, control circuit is controlled first motor 2 and second motor 4 with constant rotating speed rotation according to described velocity of rotation and phase signal; Fast dish 1 and coil slowly and leave different big or small fan-shaped openings on 3 respectively, when fast dish 1 with when coiling 3 fan-shaped opening slowly and passing through light path simultaneously, CCD is in exposure status; When fast dish 1 with when coiling 3 fan-shaped opening slowly and not entering light path simultaneously, CCD is not exposed, and can remove or read the electric charge among the CCD.Fast dish 1 and coil 3 structure slowly and see that Fig. 3,4, two discs make by rustproof aluminum alloy, and carry out the static equilibrium processing.The fan-shaped openings of sizes of fast dish 1 is by the integral time of CCD and the rotating speed decision of fast dish 1, the fan-shaped angular aperture number of degrees=(CCD integral time * 360 degree)/coil soon rotation period.Slowly coil 3 fan-shaped openings of sizes by the rotating speed and the imaging cycle decision of coiling 3 slowly.Slowly coiling 3 fan-shaped angular aperture is to guarantee to coil the 1 minimal openings angle that does not shut out the light soon in the CCD time shutter section.Slowly coil that 3 rotation period equates with imaging cycle or the part of imaging cycle.Under the control of control circuit, first motor 2 and second motor 4 drive fast dish 1 respectively and coil 3 slowly with constant speed rotation, the speed and the phase place of rotating feed back to control circuit by code-disc 5, the stability that control circuit is adjusted the rotating speed of motor size and rotated according to the speed and the phase place of code-disc 5 feedbacks, when the perforate of two discs overlaps in the light path position, under the control of fast dish 1, light shines on the CCD equably, the CCD exposure, two discs are once more before the light path position overlaps, all the time do not have light to enter CCD, can read the electric charge among the CCD during this and remove electric charge among the CCD, finish Polaroid.CCD is in the rotating speed decision of the time shutter of exposure status by fast dish 1.First motor 2 and second motor 4 all adopt dc brushless motor among the present invention, and its torque fluctuations coefficient is not more than 3%.Code-disc 5 by mechanical code-disc and photoelectricity to constituting, photoelectricity is to being constituted by luminotron and photosensitive tube, the machinery code-disc is between photoelectricity right luminotron and photosensitive tube, when mechanical code-disc rotates, photoelectricity rotates needed speed and phase signal to exporting velocity pulse and the weekly P-pulse of motor that the reflection motor rotates as control system control motor.
Control circuit is selected the frequency locking phase lock circuitry for use, and its circuit theory as shown in Figure 5.The two closed loops of speed and position have been adopted in the control of motor.Can improve the rigidity of system like this, make motor obtain good dynamic characteristics.In system, be provided with two regulators, governing speed and position are carried out series connection between the two respectively, are about to the input of the output of position control as speed regulator, use the output control Driver Circuit of speed regulator again, thus the size of control motor windings average current.From closed loop configuration, speed ring is interior ring inside; Position ring is outer shroud outside.Utilize mechanical code-disc feedback speed signal and position signalling.The adjusting of speed and position quantity realizes by mimic channel.
Fig. 6 is the structure principle chart of motor-drive circuit in the control circuit shown in Figure 5.MC33035 is the brushless direct current motor controller special IC of the MOTOROLA company second generation, behind the external device for power switching, can be used to control three-phase, two-phase or four phase brushless DC motors, can also control the brush direct current generator is arranged; After cooperating electronic speed probe to do the F/V conversion, introducing the feedback that tests the speed, can constitute the closed-loop speed regulating system.The chief component of MC33035 integrated circuit comprises the rotor-position sensor decoder circuit, finishes commutation control; The internal reference power supply of band temperature compensation; The saw-toothed oscillator that frequency can be set; Error amplifier; Width modulation (PWM) comparer; Output driving circuit; Under-voltage is blocked fault outputs such as protection, chip overheating protection; Current-limiting circuit.Electric machine control system adopts PWM mode controlling torque and rotating speed, the Hall element detection rotor position of electric machine built-in, the position signalling that obtains is received by MC33035, and it is deciphered, to determine, provide correct sequential high-end and low side driving input by which electrode commutation.Its pin 4,5,6 is the input port of rotor-position sensor signal.The pin 2,1,24 of MC33035 and pin 19,20,21 can be realized six road PWM output, control the break-make of the upper and lower brachium pontis switching tube of inverter bridge respectively.In order to guarantee the adjusting speed accuracy requirement, adopt speed closed loop control, mechanical code-disc feedback speed signal is sent into AD650, change through frequency/voltage (F-V), obtain the voltage signal that a frequency is directly proportional with motor speed, deliver to the negative terminal of differential amplifier after the filtering, form a PID regulator.The adjustment amount of process PID regulator output is given the differential amplifier input end of MC33035, and this level and sawtooth wave relatively obtain pwm signal, realize the closed-loop system of motor speed.The output violent change of speed regulator has determined the maximal value of power tube output voltage.
Fig. 7 is the structure principle chart of phase-locked loop in the control circuit shown in Figure 5.Phase-locked loop pll (phaseloop locked) is to finish two phase locked negative feedback automatic control systems of frequency signal, and it has three elementary cells: phase comparator (phase detector), voltage controlled oscillator, low-pass filter.Compare with classical PLL based on the phase-locked control system that the PLL principle is formed, voltage controlled oscillator is wherein replaced by motor and photoelectric sensor.Photoelectric sensor is a rotating speed-frequency generator, and the rect.p. number and the rotating speed of motor of its output are linear.Constitute phase-locked loop by CD4046 among the present invention.3 pin of CD4046 are reference input, and 14 pin are signal input part.The P-pulse OP1 of machinery code-disc output introduces 14 pin, and the frequency standard signal 4Hz of system introduces 3 pin, and there are 2 phase detectors (phase detector I and phase detector II) CD4046 inside, uses phase detector II herein.In case when fluctuation appearred in load, motor speed changed and causes that the photoelectric sensor pulsed frequency changes thereupon.It and given reference signal produce and differ, and the output of phase detector at this moment also changes.During work, the Zener stabilivolt is lifted 13 pin near the 6V DC level, when input signal is ahead of the reference signal phase place, and the saltus step pulse signal of 13 pin output 6V～VDD; When input signal lags behind the reference signal phase place, the saltus step pulse signal of 13 pin output 6V～0V.The saltus step pulse signal is position error signal Δ u, constitutes the position control closed loop through a pi regulator, and the control motor carries out raising speed or reduction of speed, reaches again with given signal frequency up to feedback frequency signal to equate, this moment, motor was stable again.Because when phase-locked system was stablized, feedback frequency signal was locked on the given signal frequency, promptly differing is zero, and obviously the control accuracy of system is very high.
The content that is not described in detail in the instructions of the present invention belongs to those skilled in the art's known technology.
Claims (8)
1, a kind of area array CCD camera shutter is characterized in that comprising: fast dish (1), dish (3), code-disc (5), first motor (2), second motor (4) and control circuit slowly; Fast dish (1) is installed on an end of first motor (2) rotating shaft, slowly dish (3) is installed on an end of second motor (4) rotating shaft, the other end of (2) rotating shaft of first motor and second motor (4) rotating shaft is installed code-disc (5) respectively, coil (1) soon and coil (3) slowly with different speed rotations, code-disc (5) is measured fast dish (1) and is coiled the velocity of rotation and the phase place of (3) slowly and deliver to control circuit, control circuit is controlled first motor (2) and second motor (4) with constant rotating speed rotation according to described velocity of rotation and phase signal; Fast dish (1) and leave different big or small fan-shaped openings respectively on the dish (3) slowly, when fast dish (1) and the fan-shaped opening that coils (3) slowly passed through light path simultaneously, CCD was in exposure status; When fast dish (1) with the fan-shaped opening of dish (3) is not when entering light path simultaneously slowly, CCD is not exposed, and can remove or read the electric charge among the CCD.
2, a kind of area array CCD camera shutter according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described CCD is in the rotating speed decision of the time shutter of exposure status by fast dish (1).
3, a kind of area array CCD camera shutter according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described first motor (2) or second motor (4) are dc brushless motor, and its torque fluctuations coefficient is not more than 3%.
4, a kind of area array CCD camera shutter according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described fast dish (1) or slowly dish (3) make by rustproof aluminum alloy, and carry out static equilibrium and handle.
5, a kind of area array CCD camera shutter according to claim 1 is characterized in that: to constituting, photoelectricity is to being constituted by luminotron and photosensitive tube by mechanical code-disc and photoelectricity for described code-disc (5), and mechanical code-disc is between luminotron and photosensitive tube; When mechanical code-disc rotates, the velocity pulse that photoelectricity rotates the reflection motor and the weekly P-pulse of motor rotates needed speed as the control motor and phase signal is delivered to control circuit.
6, a kind of area array CCD camera shutter according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described control circuit is the frequency locking phase lock circuitry.
7, a kind of area array CCD camera shutter according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the fan-shaped openings of sizes of described fast dish (1) is by the integral time of CCD and the rotating speed decision of fast dish (1), and the pass is: the fan-shaped angular aperture number of degrees of fast dish (1)=CCD integral time * 360 degree ÷ coils rotation period soon.
8, a kind of area array CCD camera shutter according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the fan-shaped openings of sizes of described dish (3) slowly is by the rotating speed and the imaging cycle decision of dish (3) slowly.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2008102222326A CN100549795C (en) | 2008-09-12 | 2008-09-12 | A kind of area array CCD camera shutter |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2008102222326A CN100549795C (en) | 2008-09-12 | 2008-09-12 | A kind of area array CCD camera shutter |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN101377604A CN101377604A (en) | 2009-03-04 |
| CN100549795C true CN100549795C (en) | 2009-10-14 |
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| CNB2008102222326A Expired - Fee Related CN100549795C (en) | 2008-09-12 | 2008-09-12 | A kind of area array CCD camera shutter |
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| CN109307979A (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2019-02-05 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | A kind of curtain seam focal plane shutter and breadth signal detection mechanism |
| CN109581783B (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2021-03-30 | 长光卫星技术有限公司 | Objective lens center type mechanical shutter for aerial camera |
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- 2008-09-12 CN CNB2008102222326A patent/CN100549795C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 航空摄影机的快门. H·П·扎卡兹诺夫，85-103，科学出版社. 1974 |
| 航空摄影机的快门. Н·П·扎卡兹诺夫，85-103，科学出版社. 1974 * |
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Granted publication date: 20091014 Termination date: 20160912 |