CN100514817C - Zero voltage switch active clamp positive and negative violent changer - Google Patents

Zero voltage switch active clamp positive and negative violent changer Download PDF

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CN100514817C
CN100514817C CNB2007100988995A CN200710098899A CN100514817C CN 100514817 C CN100514817 C CN 100514817C CN B2007100988995 A CNB2007100988995 A CN B2007100988995A CN 200710098899 A CN200710098899 A CN 200710098899A CN 100514817 C CN100514817 C CN 100514817C
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point
circuit
converter
resonant inductance
tube
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CN101047339A (en
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陈永胜
丁贤后
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Beijing Suplet Co., Ltd.
Shenzhen Suplet Hybrid Integrated Circuit Co., Ltd.
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SHENZHEN SUPLET HYBRID INTEGRATED CIRCUIT CO Ltd
BEIJING XINLEINENG Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

An active clamping positive-negative excitation converter of zero voltage switch is prepared as using active clamping circuit as converter primary edge circuit, parallel-connecting switch tube to converter primary edge winding then to two ends of input voltage, parallel-connecting clamp tube to clamp capacity then to said winding, using full-bridge rectification circuit as converter secondary edge circuit, series-connecting resonant inductance in secondary edge circuit to let current of secondary edge winding flow through inductance for making current variation of secondary edge winding be current variation of inductance excitation.

Description

A kind of Zero voltage switch active clamp positive and negative laser converter
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of power circuit, specifically, relate to the power circuit of a kind of Switching Power Supply and power converter.
Background technology
Positive and negative laser converter combines the advantage of forward converter and anti exciting converter, has reasonable overall performance.There is a class positive and negative laser converter to utilize a transformer to realize the function of normal shock transformer and anti-violent change depressor, makes the utilization of transformer more abundant, positive and negative sharp (FFAC) converter of example active-clamp as shown in Figures 1 to 4.When this positive and negative laser converter was worked, clamper tube had the no-voltage of nature and opens condition, but opening of switching tube then is open-minded firmly, can cause bigger turn-on consumption.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has proposed a kind of novel zero voltage switch (ZVS) active-clamp positive and negative laser converter circuit just in order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, it increases the secondary resonant inductance on the basis of positive and negative sharp (FFAC) converter of active-clamp, realized that the no-voltage of switching tube is open-minded.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of Zero voltage switch active clamp positive and negative laser converter comprises transformer, switching tube, clamper tube, clamping capacitance, rectifying tube, resonant inductance, energy storage inductor and output capacitance.The former limit of converter circuit is an active clamping circuir, wherein is connected with the input voltage two ends after switching tube and the former limit of the transformer windings in series; It is in parallel after clamper tube is connected with clamping capacitance with transformer former limit winding or switching tube.The converter secondary circuit is a rectification circuit, is connected in series resonant inductance in the converter secondary circuit, makes transformer secondary winding current flow through resonant inductance, and the exciting current that makes the electrorheological of transformer secondary winding change into to resonant inductance changes.
The converter secondary circuit of described Zero voltage switch active clamp positive and negative laser converter constitutes full bridge rectifier by transformer secondary winding and rectifying tube, in the converter secondary circuit, be connected in series resonant inductance, resonant inductance and transformer secondary windings in series, two outputs of rectification circuit are respectively a point and b point, and energy storage inductor links to each other with the b point with a point with output capacitance series connection back.
The converter secondary circuit of described Zero voltage switch active clamp positive and negative laser converter constitutes full bridge rectifier by transformer secondary winding and rectifying tube, two resonant inductances of serial connection in the converter secondary circuit, two resonant inductances are connected on respectively between two groups of rectifying tubes of full bridge rectifier, two outputs of rectification circuit are respectively a point and b point, and energy storage inductor links to each other with the b point with a point with output capacitance series connection back.
The converter secondary circuit of described Zero voltage switch active clamp positive and negative laser converter constitutes full bridge rectifier by transformer secondary winding and rectifying tube, in the converter secondary circuit, be connected in series resonant inductance, resonant inductance is a coupling inductance, two inductance of its inside are connected on respectively between two groups of rectifying tubes of full bridge rectifier, two outputs of rectification circuit are respectively a point and b point, and energy storage inductor links to each other with the b point with a point with output capacitance series connection back.
The converter secondary circuit of described Zero voltage switch active clamp positive and negative laser converter constitutes full-wave rectifying circuit by transformer secondary winding and rectifying tube, in the converter secondary circuit, be connected in series resonant inductance, resonant inductance is connected with rectifying tube, two outputs of rectification circuit are respectively a point and b point, and energy storage inductor links to each other with the b point with a point with output capacitance series connection back.
The converter secondary circuit of described Zero voltage switch active clamp positive and negative laser converter constitutes full-wave rectifying circuit by transformer secondary winding and rectifying tube, two resonant inductances of serial connection in the converter secondary circuit, two resonant inductances are connected with two rectifying tubes respectively, two outputs of rectification circuit are respectively a point and b point, and energy storage inductor links to each other with the b point with a point with output capacitance series connection back.
The converter secondary circuit of described Zero voltage switch active clamp positive and negative laser converter constitutes full-wave rectifying circuit by transformer secondary winding and rectifying tube, in the converter secondary circuit, be connected in series resonant inductance, resonant inductance is a coupling inductance, two inductance of its inside are connected with two rectifying tubes respectively, two outputs of rectification circuit are respectively a point and b point, and energy storage inductor links to each other with the b point with a point with output capacitance series connection back.
The switching tube that the invention has the beneficial effects as follows a kind of Zero voltage switch active clamp positive and negative laser converter can realize that no-voltage is open-minded, thereby has reduced the turn-on consumption of switching tube, has reduced the EMI emission of converter.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 to Fig. 4 is four kinds of circuit theory diagrams of single phase transformer positive and negative laser converter.
Fig. 5 is a kind of Zero voltage switch active clamp of the present invention positive and negative laser converter circuit theory diagrams.
Fig. 6 to Figure 10 is respectively the circuit theory diagrams of five embodiment of a kind of Zero voltage switch active clamp of the present invention positive and negative laser converter secondary circuit.
Figure 11 is the equivalent circuit diagram of Fig. 5
Figure 12 to Figure 19 is the different working modes schematic diagram of circuit shown in Figure 11.
Main electric parameters oscillogram when Figure 20 is a circuit working shown in Figure 11.
Embodiment
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Be four kinds of circuit theory diagrams of prior art single phase transformer positive and negative laser converter as shown in Figures 1 to 4.
A kind of as shown in Figure 5 Zero voltage switch active clamp positive and negative laser converter comprises transformer, switching tube, clamper tube, clamping capacitance, rectifying tube, resonant inductance, energy storage inductor and output capacitance.The former limit of converter circuit is an active clamping circuir, and switching tube S1 is connected with the input voltage two ends with the former limit of transformer winding Np series connection back; It is in parallel after clamper tube S2 connects with clamping capacitance C1 with the former limit of transformer winding Np; The converter secondary circuit constitutes full bridge rectifier by transformer secondary winding Ns and rectifying tube D1, D2, D3 and D4, serial connection resonant inductance Lr in the converter secondary circuit, resonant inductance Lr connects with transformer secondary winding Ns, two outputs of rectification circuit are respectively a point and b point, and energy storage inductor L1 links to each other with the b point with a point with output capacitance C2 series connection back.
Fig. 6 to Figure 10 is respectively five embodiment of secondary circuit of the present invention, and its principle is similar to circuit shown in Figure 5.Be that example is elaborated to its operation principle with circuit theory diagrams shown in Figure 5 below, for the ease of analyzing, circuit is carried out equivalent transformation, and the equivalent-circuit model of transformer adopting ideal transformer and magnetizing inductance parallel connection substitutes, and secondary resonant inductance equivalent transformation is a former limit resonant inductance.Figure 11 is the equivalent circuit diagram of Fig. 5, inductance L p among Figure 11 is the former limit magnetizing inductance of transformer, inductance L rp is the former limit equivalent inductance of secondary resonant inductance Lr, and capacitor C r is an equivalent capacity, mainly comprises switching tube, clamper tube output capacitance and transformer stray capacitance.Supposition switching tube, clamper tube and rectifying tube are desirable device during analysis, forward conduction voltage drop and reverse-conducting pressure drop are all ignored, C1 and C2 capacitance are enough big, change in voltage in a switch periods is ignored, the inductance value of inductance L 1 is enough big, and the electric current in a switch periods changes ignores.
Principle Analysis:
A complete work period can be divided into eight kinds of mode of operations.Referring to Figure 12 to Figure 19, the waveform of circuit major parameter is seen Figure 20.
1. mode of operation 1 (corresponding t0 constantly before, its equivalent circuit Figure 12)
T0 constantly before, switching tube S1 conducting, clamper tube S2 turn-offs, input voltage is born on the former limit of transformer, secondary rectifying tube D1, D4 conducting, D2, D3 turn-off.Former limit input current comprises two parts, and a part is the current i p that the secondary winding current is converted former limit, and another part is former limit exciting current im, and im slope under the effect of input voltage increases.Under this mode of operation, energy is transmitted to secondary in former limit, and magnetizing inductance carries out energy storage simultaneously.
2. mode of operation 2 (corresponding t0～t1, its equivalent circuit Figure 13)
In the t0 moment, switching tube S1 turn-offs, and former limit input current charges to Cr, and the S1 both end voltage rises gradually.Exciting current im continues to increase during this period, but speed reduces gradually.Because the magnetizing inductance amount is bigger, im changes not quite during this period, and the current i p that the secondary winding current is converted former limit is constant, and switching tube both end voltage approximately linear rises.
3. mode of operation 3 (corresponding t1～t2, its equivalent circuit Figure 14)
In the t1 moment, switching tube S1 both end voltage rises to input voltage, and exciting current im reaches maximum.The transformer original edge voltage is reverse subsequently, exciting current im begins to descend, resonant inductance Lrp bears on the voltage and is just bearing down, ip reduces gradually, secondary side rectification circuit begins the change of current, D1, D2, D3, D4 conducting simultaneously, and D1, D4 electric current reduce gradually, D2, D3 electric current increase gradually, and Output Voltage in Rectified Circuits Vab is zero by clamp.Cr continues charging, but charging current reduces gradually.Under this mode of operation, Lp is in parallel with Lrp, produces resonance with Cr, and switching tube both end voltage resonance rises.Because the initial current of resonant groove path is big (mode of operation 7 of comparing), the switching tube both end voltage rises very fast.
4. mode of operation 4 (corresponding t2～t3, its equivalent circuit Figure 15)
T2 constantly, switching tube S1 both end voltage rises to input voltage and clamping capacitance voltage sum, the clamper tube body diode is open-minded naturally, the Cr end of charging, exciting current im and secondary winding reduced current ip flow to clamping capacitance C1.The transformer original edge voltage is clamped at clamping capacitance voltage, exciting current im slope under the clamping voltage effect descends, and resonant inductance Lrp bears clamping voltage, and the ip slope reduces, oppositely increase gradually then up to being reduced to zero, secondary side rectification circuit continues commutation course.
5. mode of operation 5 (corresponding t3～t5, its equivalent circuit Figure 16)
In the t3 moment, ip reaches reverse maximum, and the secondary side rectification circuit commutation course finishes, and D1, D4 turn-off, D2, D3 conducting.Ip remains unchanged subsequently, and clamping capacitance voltage is still born on the former limit of transformer, and exciting current im continues slope and descends under the clamping voltage effect.The charging current ic of clamping capacitance is reduced to zero gradually and oppositely increases gradually then.The energy storage of former limit magnetizing inductance is to the secondary transmission under this mode of operation, and clamping capacitance C1 can measure cushioning effect to magnetizing inductance, makes biography be rendered as the mode of firm power to the energy of secondary.
6. mode of operation 6 (corresponding t5～t6, its equivalent circuit Figure 17)
In the t5 moment, clamper tube S2 turn-offs, and clamping capacitance stops discharge, and Cr begins discharge, and switching tube S1 both end voltage reduces gradually.Exciting current im continues to descend during this period, but speed reduces gradually.Because the magnetizing inductance amount is bigger, im changes not quite during this period, and the current i p that output current is converted former limit is constant, and switching tube both end voltage approximately linear descends.
7. mode of operation 7 (corresponding t6～t7, its equivalent circuit Figure 18)
In the t6 moment, switching tube S1 both end voltage drops to input voltage, and exciting current im reaches minimum value (algebraic value).The transformer original edge voltage is reverse subsequently, exciting current im begins to rise, resonant inductance Lrp bears on the voltage negative just down, ip reduces gradually, secondary side rectification circuit begins the change of current, D1, D2, D3, D4 conducting simultaneously, and D2, D3 electric current reduce gradually, D1, D4 electric current increase gradually, and Output Voltage in Rectified Circuits Vab is zero by clamp.Cr continues discharge, but discharging current reduces gradually.Under this mode of operation, Lp is in parallel with Lrp, produces resonance with Cr, and switching tube both end voltage resonance descends.Because the initial current of resonant groove path less (mode of operation 3 of comparing), the switching tube both end voltage descends slower.
8. mode of operation 8 (corresponding t7～t9, its equivalent circuit Figure 19)
T7 constantly, switching tube S1 both end voltage drops to zero, the switching tube body diode is open-minded naturally, t7 constantly afterwards switch open (no-voltage is open-minded).The Cr end of discharging.The transformer original edge voltage is an input voltage, and exciting current im slope under the input voltage effect rises, and resonant inductance Lrp bears input voltage, and the ip slope reduces, and is reduced to zero gradually and oppositely increases gradually then, and secondary side rectification circuit continues commutation course.Until t9 constantly, ip reaches maximum, and the secondary side rectification circuit commutation course finishes, and circuit reenters mode of operation 1.
Switching tube is realized the condition of zero voltage switch (ZVS):
By the analysis of operation principle as can be known, the resonant groove path of creating switching tube ZVS condition comprises former limit equivalent capacity C r, former limit magnetizing inductance L pFormer limit equivalent inductance L with the secondary resonant inductance Rp, L wherein pWith L RpBe the parallel connection relation.
Set L pWith L RpEquivalent inductance in parallel is L Eq, flow through L EqEquivalent current be i Eq, reference direction is with illustrated i pThe reference direction unanimity, as can be known
L eq = L p · L rp L p + L rp
i eq＝i m+i p
In side circuit, the magnetizing inductance amount is generally a lot of greatly than resonant inductance amount, and the equivalent inductance in parallel of two inductance approximates resonant inductance, ignores the influence of magnetizing inductance to equivalent inductance value here, i.e. supposition
L eq＝L rp (1)
If i mMean value be I m, total amplitude of variation is Δ I in the one-period m, establish i pThe forward maximum amplitude be I p, then its negative sense maximum amplitude is-I p
(t0～t3, t5～t9) is to the influence of exciting current size, I as can be known to ignore switching process m=I p, i mObtain its minimum (algebraic value) constantly at t6
i m ( t 6 ) = I m - 1 2 Δ I m = I p - 1 2 Δ I m
Then t6 constantly, i EqFor
i eq ( t 6 ) = i m ( t 6 ) + i p ( t 6 ) = ( I p - 1 2 Δ I m ) + ( - I p ) = - 1 2 Δ I m - - - ( 2 )
If the converter switches frequency is f s, the conducting duty ratio of switching tube is D, can get Δ I mFor:
Δ I m = V in D f s L p - - - ( 3 )
With (3) substitution (2),
i eq ( t 6 ) = - 1 2 · V in D f s L p - - - ( 4 )
Switching tube will be realized ZVS, must make t6 L constantly EqEnergy storage greater than C rEnergy storage, promptly
1 2 L eq i eq ( t 6 ) 2 ≥ 1 2 C r V in 2 - - - ( 5 )
(1), (4) substitution (5) can be got:
1 2 L rp ( - 1 2 · V in D f s L p ) 2 ≥ 1 2 C r V in 2
Behind the abbreviation:
L rp ≥ 4 C r f s 2 D 2 · L p 2 - - - ( 6 )
By (6) formula as seen, the condition that switching tube is realized ZVS is not only relevant with resonant inductance, resonant capacitance, and related with switching frequency, duty ratio, former limit magnetizing inductance.But it should be noted that ZVS condition and i pIrrelevant, promptly irrelevant with load current, so the ZVS of converter when being easier to realize underloading.
About t4, t8 explanation constantly:
T4 be constantly clamping capacitance current i c zero passage constantly, this moment may take place early than t3 constantly because circuit parameter is different, promptly the secondary commutation course does not finish and the electric current of clamping capacitance zero passage and reverse just as yet.Yet this can't produce special influence to commutation course.T2 to the t4 time period is the time period that clamper tube possesses the ZVS condition, and clamper tube opens during this period of time that to be no-voltage open-minded.
T8 be constantly input current zero passage constantly, t7 is the time period that switching tube possesses the ZVS condition to t8 constantly constantly, switching tube opens during this period of time that to be no-voltage open-minded.When line parameter circuit value does not satisfy the ZVS condition of switching tube, t7 circuit state constantly will can not occur, promptly as t8 constantly during the input current zero passage, the switching tube both end voltage does not drop to zero and transfer the resonance rising constantly to and can not realize the ZVS condition of switching tube at t8 as yet.T8 the best of becoming switching tube is constantly opened constantly in this case, and t8 opens switching tube constantly can make turn-on consumption drop to minimum.
The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned preferred forms, and other any identical with the present invention or akin products that anyone draws under enlightenment of the present invention all drop within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1, a kind of Zero voltage switch active clamp positive and negative laser converter comprises transformer, switching tube, clamper tube, clamping capacitance, rectifying tube, resonant inductance, energy storage inductor and output capacitance; It is characterized in that: the former limit of converter circuit is an active clamping circuir, and switching tube (S1) is connected with the input voltage two ends with the former limit of transformer winding (Np) series connection back; It is in parallel after clamper tube (S2) is connected with clamping capacitance (C1) with the former limit of transformer winding (Np) or switching tube (S1); The converter secondary circuit is full-bridge rectification or full-wave rectifying circuit, in the converter secondary circuit, be connected in series resonant inductance, make transformer secondary winding current flow through resonant inductance, and the exciting current that makes the electrorheological of transformer secondary winding change into to resonant inductance change.
2, Zero voltage switch active clamp positive and negative laser converter according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the converter secondary circuit constitutes full bridge rectifier by transformer secondary winding (Ns) and four rectifying tubes (D1, D2, D3 and D4), in the converter secondary circuit, be connected in series resonant inductance (Lr), resonant inductance (Lr) is connected with transformer secondary winding (Ns), two outputs of rectification circuit are respectively first point (a) and second point (b), and energy storage inductor (L1) links to each other with second point (b) with first point (a) with output capacitance (C2) series connection back.
3, Zero voltage switch active clamp positive and negative laser converter according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the converter secondary circuit is by transformer secondary winding (Ns) and four rectifying tube (D1, D2, D3, D4) constitute full bridge rectifier, in the converter secondary circuit, be connected in series resonant inductance (Lr1, Lr2), resonant inductance (Lr1, Lr2) be connected on first rectifying tube (D1) and the 3rd rectifying tube (D3) of full bridge rectifier respectively, between second rectifying tube (D2) and the 4th rectifying tube (D4), two outputs of rectification circuit are respectively first point (a) and second point (b), and energy storage inductor (L1) links to each other with second point (b) with first point (a) with output capacitance (C2) series connection back.
4, Zero voltage switch active clamp positive and negative laser converter according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the converter secondary circuit is by transformer secondary winding (Ns) and four rectifying tube (D1, D2, D3, D4) constitute full bridge rectifier, in the converter secondary circuit, be connected in series resonant inductance (Lr1, Lr2), resonant inductance (Lr1, Lr2) be coupling inductance, two inductance (Lr1 of its inside, Lr2) be connected on first rectifying tube (D1) and the 3rd rectifying tube (D3) of full bridge rectifier respectively, between second rectifying tube (D2) and the 4th rectifying tube (D4), two outputs of rectification circuit are respectively first point (a) and second point (b), and energy storage inductor (L1) links to each other with second point (b) with first point (a) with output capacitance (C2) series connection back.
5, Zero voltage switch active clamp positive and negative laser converter according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the converter secondary circuit constitutes full-wave rectifying circuit by transformer secondary winding (Ns1, Ns2) and two rectifying tubes (D1, D2), in the converter secondary circuit, be connected in series resonant inductance (Lr), resonant inductance (Lr) is connected with first rectifying tube (D1) or second rectifying tube (D2), two outputs of rectification circuit are respectively first point (a) and second point (b), and energy storage inductor (L1) links to each other with second point (b) with first point (a) with output capacitance (C2) series connection back.
6, Zero voltage switch active clamp positive and negative laser converter according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the converter secondary circuit is by transformer secondary winding (Ns1, Ns2) with two rectifying tube (D1, D2) constitute full-wave rectifying circuit, in the converter secondary circuit, be connected in series resonant inductance (Lr1, Lr2), resonant inductance (Lr1, Lr2) connect with first rectifying tube (D1) and second rectifying tube (D2) respectively, two outputs of rectification circuit are respectively first point (a) and second point (b), and energy storage inductor (L1) links to each other with second point (b) with first point (a) with output capacitance (C2) series connection back.
7, Zero voltage switch active clamp positive and negative laser converter according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the converter secondary circuit is by transformer secondary winding (Ns1, Ns2) with two rectifying tube (D1, D2) constitute full-wave rectifying circuit, in the converter secondary circuit, be connected in series resonant inductance (Lr1, Lr2), resonant inductance (Lr1, Lr2) be coupling inductance, two inductance (Lr1 of its inside, Lr2) connect with first rectifying tube (D1) and second rectifying tube (D2) respectively, two outputs of rectification circuit are respectively first point (a) and second point (b), and energy storage inductor (L1) is connected with output capacitance (C2) afterwards and first point (a) and second point (b).
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