CN100452424C - Optical device for LED-based light-bulb substitute - Google Patents
Optical device for LED-based light-bulb substitute Download PDFInfo
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- CN100452424C CN100452424C CNB2004800169230A CN200480016923A CN100452424C CN 100452424 C CN100452424 C CN 100452424C CN B2004800169230 A CNB2004800169230 A CN B2004800169230A CN 200480016923 A CN200480016923 A CN 200480016923A CN 100452424 C CN100452424 C CN 100452424C
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Abstract
An optical device comprises a transfer section that receives the light within it and an ejector atop it that receives light from the transfer section and spreads it spherically. The base of the transfer section is optically coupled to the LED so that the LED's light goes inside the transfer section, which comprises a compound elliptic concentrator operating via total internal reflection. The ejector section can have a variety of shapes, and can have diffusive features on its surface as well.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to light-emitting diode (LED), relate in particular to the Optical devices that replace incandescent lamp bulb and fluorescent lamp bulb with white light LEDs.
Background technology
Though both expensive, up-to-date white light LEDs still can be compared less than the conventional incandescent of 100 lumens with output.In this low lumen range, most incandescent application are battery-powered.Expect to have a kind of direct mounted LEDs in flashlight bubble place of for example burning out of being suitable for.
The luminous efficacy that LED provides surpasses the conventional incandescent of using in battery powered flashlight for example.In addition, the tolerance level of LED impact, vibration and extrusion stress is higher.Though current their production cost will be higher than incandescent lamp, prolong greatly than incandescent lamp their useful life.For the consideration to usefulness, the flashlight bubble need be pined for operation, so their only sustainable usually several hrs before filament lost efficacy.And the lasting decline of the price of LED, and the variation that the LED of control electronic equipment also can bear cell voltage.
Though the LED flashlight is commercial really available, their optics must adapt to the geometry that only can send the light-emitting diode of hemisphere light.Traditional LED lamp all is unsuitable for traditional flashlight of directly packing on electric and on the optics.Being not suitable on the LED lamp electricity is because they are current-driven apparatus, and battery is a voltage source.Typical change on the new cell voltage just is enough to exceed the operating voltage range that LED allows.Consequent electric current is that ohm heat of the tube core inside of the so high LED of making lamp has surpassed the removable ability of heat conduction, and is out of control so that burn out tube core thereby initiation temperature rises.Therefore, the LED lamp must be equipped with current control equipment.
Traditional LED lamp optically is unsuitable for directly being fit into the paraboloidal reflector of flashlight.This is because the narrow beam of light that the lens arrangement of their bullet type forms can't shine contiguous typical flashlight paraboloidal reflector at all.Replace using be a kind of be positioned at luminous die as the center by the luminous omnidirectional dome of hemisphere, provide and spread the widest commercially available available lambertian pattern light source, it is to leaving luminous flux and the sin that LED lamp central shaft θ angle is surrounded
2θ is directly proportional.Because the θ value is from 45 ° to 135 ° in the typical parabolic flashlight reflector, and since LED lamp luminous during only in θ=90 ° with regard to vanishing, so LED lamp and hemisphere pattern do not match.This caused outside the brightest and in inside to half light beam with regard to growing dark fully.What is worse, even also require it to remain on the parabolic focus place, several millimeters above places of conventional incandescent bulb lamp socket are installed just from the relatively poor light beam inside pattern of hemisphere LED.
The powered battery lamp of another kind of type is used for columniform fluorescent lamp.Though LED can not improve their luminous efficacy, fluorescent lamp is a voltage frangible relatively and that have relatively high expectations.
Therefore just need a kind of efficient height in this area, voltage is low and optics on the LED lamp that is suitable for, it just can renovate existing incandescent lamp bulb flashlight by the paraboloidal reflector of the existing flashlight of directly the LED lamp being packed into.
Summary of the invention
The present invention uses the preferred embodiment that replaces incandescent lamp and fluorescent lamp based on the optical device of LED bulb by providing, and properly satisfies above-mentioned all needs and other needs.
In one embodiment, the invention describes the optical device of the radiated emission that is used for the distribute light reflector, described optical device comprises the bottom transmission region and the device district is penetrated on the top that is positioned on the transmission region of described bottom.Described bottom transmission region is used to be placed on the optical transmitting set and is used for radiated emission is delivered to described top ejaculation device district.The shape that the device district is penetrated on design top makes outside emission redistribution be solid angle basically.
In another embodiment, the invention describes the optical device of the radiated emission that is used for the distribute light reflector, described optical device comprises by made a plurality of from the axle ellipsoid of the material of substantially transparent.From each ellipsoidal focus clip its top and with its mutually vertically coupling so that the inner total reflection passage to be provided.
In another embodiment, the invention describes the optical device of the radiated emission that is used for the distribute light reflector, described optical device has expander district and cylindrical ejaculation device district.The angular range that described expander district is made and be can be used for receiving described radiated emission and the angular range of described radiated emission is contracted to fiber waveguide by inner total reflection by the material of substantially transparent.Cylindrical ejaculation device district is coupled to the expander district and is to be made by the substantially transparent material that has the long roughness of wavelet step by step on the surface in described cylindrical ejaculation device district, is used to receive and penetrate the radiation that narrows through angle simultaneously.
By can obtaining better understanding with reference to subsequently detailed description of the present invention and accompanying drawing to characteristic of the present invention and advantage, described annexed drawings set forth wherein utilize the illustrative embodiment of the principle of the invention.
Description of drawings
From the more specifically description that illustrates in the lump together with accompanying drawing subsequently, above-mentioned and other aspects, characteristic and advantage of the present invention will be more apparent, and described accompanying drawing comprises:
Fig. 1 is an optical device top perspective view according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is according to one embodiment of the invention and combines the optical device top perspective exploded view of equipment shown in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is shown in section and combine the top perspective exploded view of the optical device of equipment shown in Fig. 2 according to one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is according to one embodiment of the invention and combines the top perspective view of the optical device of equipment shown in Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is the diagram from the elliptic contour of axle inner total reflection, and shows this oval focal property;
Fig. 6 is the perspective view that two embodiment are similar to two optical devices of optical device among Fig. 1 according to the present invention; Wherein less one shows owing to reduced the TIR condition and makes reduced profile.
Fig. 7 a is the top perspective view of the optical device of the optional embodiment according to the present invention;
Fig. 7 b is the end view of the equipment variant shown in Fig. 7 a according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 8 a and Fig. 8 b are that the top of the optional embodiment according to the present invention is the optical device end view of taper;
Fig. 9 a is the end view of other optical devices of optional embodiment according to the present invention to Fig. 9 d;
Fig. 9 e is the side cross-sectional view of the LED encapsulating optical equipment of another optional embodiment according to the present invention;
Figure 10 is the end view with optical device of a plurality of transmission regions, and the light of having described the equipment by being used to replace tubular fluorescent lamp is according to an embodiment of the invention propagated;
Figure 11 has described the point diagram of transmission region exit face 14 place's ray density shown in figure 2;
Figure 12 is respectively with a LED and as the end view of the multi-region optical device of fluorescent lamp substitute according to the one embodiment of the invention two ends;
Figure 13 be describe having of Figure 12 from a light source figure;
Figure 14 is the figure that describes having of Figure 12 from the light that is gone out by a light scatter of total reflection in inside;
Figure 15 is respectively with the end view as the optical device of fluorescent lamp substitute of a LED according to the one embodiment of the invention two ends;
Figure 16 has the end view that dextrad is propagated the optical device shown in Figure 15 of demonstration light is shown;
Figure 17 be have the long surface roughness of wavelet and Figure 15 of the demonstration light that passes through this device radiates that illustrates shown in the end view of optical device;
Figure 18 is a positive sectional view of having described the cylindrical ejaculation device district shown in Figure 17 of the spherical projection method of calculating view-factor;
Figure 19 is a perspective cutaway view, of having described the cylindrical ejaculation device district shown in Figure 17 of light, described light to cylinder inside surface normal with critical angle emission and crossing with identical critical angle and cylinder;
Figure 20 a shows the side perspective view of equipment shown in the Figure 15 that is used for the coordinate system that the calculating optimum roughness distributes;
Figure 20 b is the top perspective close-up view in expander district according to an embodiment of the invention;
Figure 20 c shows the end view in the expander district shown in Figure 20 b of expander district boundary rays;
Figure 20 d shows the angle variation diagram of the space average brightness of expander district output;
Figure 20 e shows the same brightness of Figure 20 d that has sinusoidal square and illustrates mutually;
Figure 21 a describes the diagram that method by the direction unit sphere is calculated the direction unit sphere of the method that radiation receives;
Figure 21 b shows the dextrorotatory diagram on the plane of the celestial equator with same unit sphere shown in Figure 21 a, and the local surfaces normal that has cylinder inside is the circle of 10 ° to 90 ° sin θ;
It is the perspective section view that how to be placed on the local side of cylindrical ejaculation device shown in Figure 20 a of described cylindrical ejaculation device inside that Figure 22 shows the direction unit sphere;
Figure 23 a shows the dextrorotatory diagram on the plane of the celestial equator of projecting direction, as the interior views of cylindrical according to an embodiment of the invention ejaculation device;
Figure 23 b is the shown according to one embodiment of present invention thin block plan of isoflux by inner total reflection space, angle of the light of catching in cylindrical ejaculation device;
Figure 23 c is the close-up view according to Figure 23 a upper left quarter quadrant of from 0 to 500 reflection number mark;
Figure 24 is a lamp direct reflection illumination figure to different diffuse reflectance values according to an embodiment of the invention;
Figure 25 according to an embodiment of the inventionly has from the luminance graph of two lamp direct reflection illumination for different diffuse reflectance values;
Figure 26 is the linear distribution figure of shown diffuse reflectance according to one embodiment of present invention, and this distribution has provided as disclosed herein that the visual angle factor scheme calculates the uniform luminance of calculating.
In each view, corresponding reference symbol refers to corresponding assembly.
Embodiment
Following is not for restrictive meaning to the description of thinking to put into practice the existing optimal mode of the present invention, and only is in order to describe cardinal principle of the present invention.Scope of the present invention should be determined with reference to claim.
Referring to Fig. 1, show the top perspective view of optical device according to an embodiment of the invention.Lens 10 comprise bottom transmission region 11 and ejaculation device district, top 12.
The shape that device district 12 is penetrated on design top makes the open solid angle of light that relays the outer surface that penetrates ejaculation device district, top from its inside go up greater than hemisphere substantially, and is similar to the light of flashlight incandescent lamp bulb.Penetrating the placement of device district highly must be identical with the bulb light-emitting filament of its replacement.It is highly easier than LED itself being placed on this to use transmission region to move this launch point optically, can make heat shift to become difficult and LED itself is placed on this height, and this also is one of the present invention's problem that will advantageously solve.
Ejaculation device district, top will transmit light and send to paraboloidal reflector 40 (as described below and shown in Figure 4), and described light is to reaching at least 135 ° or bigger according to described reflector along the side of axle and the angle of below emission.In order to illuminate reflector and to form the enough collimated light beams of intensity, should having at least, half penetrates the optic angle degree greater than 45 °.
On the surface of transmission region 11 outermost cage is arranged, the geometry of transmission region 11 must promote inner total reflection.This also is to have the reason that the Merlon of high index of refraction (1.5855) more is better than acrylic acid (1.492) why.Its corresponding less critical angle (θ
c=sin
-1(1/n), 39 ° 103 ' to 42 ° 1 ') make the height of transmission region reduce to 11.6 mm from 23.5 mm.
Next referring to Fig. 2, according to one embodiment of the invention and combine the optical device top perspective exploded view of equipment shown in Fig. 1.What illustrate is circle symmetric lens 10 and three-color LED 20.
Next referring to Fig. 3, what illustrate is according to one embodiment of the invention and combines equipment shown in Figure 2 optical device top perspective view shown in section.Fig. 3 shows the equipment shown in the Fig. 2 that is installed in the bulb substitute.What illustrate is lens 10, LED 20, barrel-shaped lamp socket 30, be positioned at LED control circuit, pallet 34 and clear glass bubble 35 on the plate 33 that has power coupler 32.
Thereby the lens 10 on the barrel-shaped lamp socket 30 and the assembly of three-color LED 20 reveal internal of being installed in shown in section.This comprises the plate 33 that has the LED control circuit and have the power coupler 32 that is connected to electric insulation sole piece 31, and described sole piece 31 is the positive polarity point on the incandescent flashlight bubble of equivalent normally, and negative pole then is connected into the pallet 34 that LED 20 is installed on it.Protective seal lens 10 shown in section and the clear glass of LED 20 bubble 35.Unlike incandescent lamp bulb.The sealing of glass envelope needing no vacuum in the present embodiment, the temperature in the time of therefore just need not being evaluated at the bubble formation when making incandescent lamp bulb and use the melten glass liquid sealing.Bubble 35 preferably has front lens 36, is used for the forward light line from lens 10 is formed light beam.
Another function of bubble 35 is a blend of colors.During the light emission operation of LED 20, detailed inspection lenticular body 10 will be found many coloured little flashes of light, and this is three pictures that have the small spot on one of color chip (being the chip 22,23 and 24 among Fig. 2) to become.Though these flashes of light as smart as a new pin, if expectation suppresses them, the diffuser on provable so subsequently bubble 35 surfaces is enough to these flash of light disperses to form uniform white light.Can directly form these diffusers by the described mould of producing bubble 35 by (can be generated by holography) diffuser pattern is transferred on the mould metal.Described holographic diffuser makes transmitted light generation diffraction and has higher forward scattering efficient (promptly having only only scattering backward seldom).
Barrel-shaped lamp socket 30 can be compatible with incandescent lamp bulb socket machinery and electricity, and comprise built-in flow control apparatus and also can increase electric current such as the heat abstractor of copper rod (not shown on the plate 33) with the protection light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit while and be used for producing higher tube core brightness.
Next referring to Fig. 4, what illustrate is according to one embodiment of the invention and in conjunction with the top perspective view of the optical device of equipment shown in Figure 3.Fig. 4 has described to be installed in the equipment shown in Figure 3 in the paraboloidal reflector 40, makes the top of lens 10 be positioned on the focus of paraboloidal reflector 40.The shape of barrel-shaped lamp socket 30 and electrical configuration are all similar substantially with the incandescent lamp bulb that it substitutes.
Half light at least that equipment sends all direct projection is gone into the side angle of being filled by paraboloidal reflector 40, and axle common and paraboloidal reflector 40 is 45 ° to 135 ° angle.Remaining luminescence emissions is sent by forward direction and is not returned tube core.Bubble 35 on the barrel-shaped lamp socket 30 is identical substantially with the size of the incandescent lamp bulb of this equipment replacement with lens 10, and its main launching centre is near the focus of paraboloidal reflector 40.In least cost design, this is usually near the top of incandescent lamp.
Next referring to Fig. 5, what illustrate is the diagram from the axle elliptic contour of inner total reflection, and shows oval focal property.
What illustrate is to have half long major axis 51 and the oval section 50 of half length for the minor axis 52 of b for a.For oval total length is shown, on the mathematics reflector segment 50 is continued to extend to top and lack section 50 μ and the short section 50b in bottom.Oval section 50 generates the lens shape that is used for transmission region 11 shown in Figure 1 around central shaft 53 rotations.Bottom focus 54 and top focus 56 all are c with the distance of minor axis 52.Bottom focus 54 gives off light fan-shaped 55 and is equal to the oval string method that generates.This light fan-shaped 55 reflexes to top focus 56 by oval 50.The value that goes up most angle incidence angle 57 is maximum in the fan-shaped light of all composition light.If incidence angle 57 (is appointed as θ hereinafter
o) be not less than critical angle θ
c=sin
-1(1/n), will along its total length carry out inner total reflection around what axle 53 rotations formed from the axle oval surface by oval section 50 so.
The radius 58 of lens is appointed as r
wAnd be that radius 59 is appointed as r with the light source half-breadth shown in 54s among Fig. 5
sThese distances and, i.e. R=(r
w+ r
s), and edge incidence angle θ
oDetermine oval 50 shape and size.Distance between bifocal is 2c, and R is the leg-of-mutton base that is formed by first or last light as the light 55 of boundary rays.From shown in the triangle as seen
2c＝R tan 2θ
o
b
2＝tan θ
o Ra
2/c
Use standard identities a
2=b
2+ c
2, can get:
Merlon or
Edge inner total reflection (TIR) condition provided a higher relatively profile because the θ of Merlon
o=39.1 ° are located its aspect ratio is a/R=5.89.Because like this, just caused the problem of R (being the diameter of reflector 21 among Fig. 2)=2.5 mm of candidate LED.The height of gained 14 mm is typical case 2 on its lamp socket, and " twice of paraboloidal reflector focus height is will increase more because penetrate the height in device district even worsely.
Next referring to Fig. 6, what illustrate is the top perspective that two embodiment according to the present invention are similar to two optical devices of equipment shown in Figure 1, and wherein less one shows by the reduced profile that requirement reached that reduces the TIR condition.
Next referring to Fig. 7 a, what illustrate is the top perspective view of the optical device of the optional embodiment according to the present invention.Illustrate by penetrating the lens 70 that device district 72 forms from oval transmission region 71 of axle and spherical diffusion.
The surface of penetrating device district 72 has diffusing characteristic diffuser, makes the brightness of penetrating each point in the device district 72 all be directly proportional with the light that is received from transmission region 71.The advantage in this kind ejaculation device district be different wave length that three-color LED sends leave before penetrating device district 72 just mixed.In above-mentioned no irreflexive ejaculation device district 12, described blend of colors may be not exclusively, and this just causes the band look of the paraboloidal reflector output beam shown in Fig. 4.Penetrate device district 72 than transmission region 71 big (being the mid diameter that its diameter is greater than transmission region), thereby it has the surperficial light that is used for sending towards the paraboloidal reflector bottom in prone district.This diffuser is blended in the color of light of the inner red, green, blue light source chip of led light source also as above-mentioned description to Fig. 3.Also can use other ejaculation device districts that produce different output modes.
Next referring to Fig. 7 b, illustrate be according to an embodiment of the invention equipment variant shown in Fig. 7 a end view.
Fig. 7 b shows the variant of aforementioned spherical designs.Lens 75 comprise that the sphere from oval transmission region 76 of axle and top of bottom penetrates device district 77.Because it is less to penetrate the size of device, so this variant is than radiation less in the angle below 90 ° of last spherical designs among Fig. 7 a.
Next referring to Fig. 8 a and Fig. 8 b, what illustrate is that the top of the optional embodiment according to the present invention is the optical device end view of taper.
What illustrate is two and has quadratic surface and penetrate the lens 80 of device and 85 embodiment.Quadratic surface comprises the taperer that is formed by curve and straight line.Fig. 8 a shows by bottom transmission region 81 with along the initial quadratic surface of the point at transmission region 81 tops and penetrates the lens 80 that device 82 is formed, wherein quadratic surface penetrates the diameter of the bottom surface diameter of device 82 less than transmission region 81, changes to the sudden change of penetrating device 82 thereby produce by transmission region 81.Fig. 8 b shows by the transmission region 86 of bottom with greater than the taper shape of taperer shown in Fig. 8 A and penetrates the lens 85 that device 87 is formed.Ejaculation device 87 herein is initial along the point at transmission region 86 tops, and wherein the bottom surface diameter of quadratic surface ejaculation device 82 equals the diameter of transmission region 81, thereby produces by transmission region 81 to penetrating seamlessly transitting of device 82.Such as using these quadratic surfaces to penetrate device transmission forward light and more lateral light still less for paraboloidal reflector shown in Figure 4.
Next referring to Fig. 9 a to Fig. 9 d, what illustrate is the end view of other optical devices of optional embodiment according to the present invention.
Fig. 9 a shows the lens of being made up of the transmission region 90t of bottom and oval ejaculation device 90e 90, is tending towards producing the light beam forward of relative narrower, so just need not parabolic mirror.Fig. 9 b shows by the transmission region 92t of bottom and the indent type that has spherical female at its top and penetrates the lens 92 that device 92e forms.Fig. 9 c shows the lens of being made up of transmission region 94t and cylindrical ejaculation device 94e 94.Fig. 9 d has described the lens 96 be made up of transmission region 96t and the cylindrical ejaculation device of internal diffusion 96e.
Next referring to Fig. 9 e, what illustrate is the side cross-sectional view of the LED encapsulating optical equipment of the optional embodiment according to the present invention.
About having the use of the present invention of LED, in Fig. 9 e, an optional embodiment has been shown.Illustrate be have source chip 191, transparent dielectric 192, lead frame 193, penetrate device district 194, conical recessed 195, top transmission region 196, optics inertia lamp socket 197, reflector 198 and 199 the LED encapsulation 190 of going between.
For the ease of integrated production, this preferred embodiment is produced as the single chip LED encapsulation that includes equipment 10 shown in Figure 3 with being integrated.LED encapsulation 190 has immerses transparent dielectric 192 and is placed in source chip 191 on the leadframe 193.Lead-in wire 199 from source chip 191 may be operably coupled to lead frame 193.Penetrate device 194 and have conical recessed 195 and on the top of top transmission region 196.Be similar to every other subvertical surface among Fig. 9 e, optics inertia lamp socket 197 has the forward demoulding.Reflector 198 plays the effect of bottom transmission region.Top is shifted 196 and is carried out work via inner total reflection.198 two transmission regions in top 196 and bottom all have public focus on the chip 191 and on the external margin in ejaculation device district 194.
Forward the embodiment that replaces tubular fluorescent lamp to, two definition new products are arranged.First is to have the serial type attachment that inserts a plurality of continuous transmission regions that penetrate the device district.Second is to make the surface self in these districts that the sub in the ejaculation device district of diffusion emission take place.
When a plurality of transmission regions connect into single lenticular body, at one end the light of Zhu Ruing will be delivered to the other end fully.
Next referring to Figure 10, what illustrate is the end view with optical device of a plurality of transmission regions, and has described the light propagation by the equipment that replaces tubular fluorescent lamp according to one embodiment of the invention.
The sectional view that illustrates by three same dielectric bodies of forming from axle spheroid 810,820 and 830 800.The light 850 that light source 805 sends proceeds to transverse plane 801 to the right.The above-mentioned TIR condition of mentioning is satisfied from the axle elliptic contour by these, makes them have ratio as Geng Gao district 10a among Fig. 6.Like this, all optics 850 arrives end face 801 via internal emission repeatedly.Sole cause with a plurality of such districts is the restriction for overall diameter 802.For example by the repetition of small scale, battery powered fluorescent lamp can comprise more than three such spheroids.Preferably all has LED at the two ends of these lens.
Two embodiment that duplicate the fluorescent lamp emission are provided here.First is to continue transmission region with inserting ejaculation device district.These functions that penetrate device can different reasons have two with the substitute of the previous flashlight bubble of discussing.At first, light will enter from both direction and penetrate the device district, be because on the two ends LED is arranged all.Secondly, the angle output area only is a side direction, does not have the desired emission forward as the ejaculation device district of preceding discussion flashlight bubble sub.
The exit face of transmission region itself can be regarded one as and have the source that specific export-oriented light space angle distributes.Three kinds of coloured light that come from described source have distribution separately, and these light existing initial from led chip shown in Figure 2 22,23 or 24 one emit, and also has from conical side wall 21 irreflexive.Transmission region play the effect of nonimaging optics equipment from axle spheroid shape, wherein the luv space angular distribution of porch has been upset strongly in its exit.
Next with reference to Figure 11, show the point diagram of describing ray density on the exit face of transmission region in Fig. 2.Send by a color chip and inner total reflection therein after these light will leave transmission region 11.But what illustrate is the distribution 900 of 20000 light of trace to a chip, have its blurred picture bunches 910 and corresponding to the annular 920 of sidewall 21, but because repeatedly internal reflection, so the point of Da Qu still is a random distribution.The angle that these repeatedly reflection rays more at random have lambert's type distributes.It is very important that the space angle of this light distributes for penetrating that device designs because its decision only how with penetrate that device intersects.
Next with reference to Figure 12, what illustrate is as the fluorescent lamp substitute and respectively have the end view of the multi-region optical device of a LED at its two ends according to one embodiment of the invention.
Figure 12 shows one with the preferred embodiment of luminaire 100 as illustration, described luminaire 100 has the LED encapsulation 101 and 102 that optics is connected to its plastic body two ends, and its plastic body comprises the diffusion ejaculation device district 121 to 125 from oval transmission region 111 to 116 of axle and insertion.Their relative length determines how much light they intercept.Their diffuse transmissivity is that how much light its amplitude defines is scattered by the roughness generation of wavelength ratio.
Next with reference to Figure 13, what illustrate is to have the equipment of describing from the light of a light source shown in Figure 12.
What illustrate is to have the luminaire 100 of active light source 101 by the monolithic emission of light 130 expressions, and visible described light is propagated to the right via inner total reflection.In a series of cylindrical ejaculation device district 121 to 125 each all can intercept and enter 1/3rd of light, makes to remain the very little part that light 131 has only been represented the light that is sent by active light source 101 in a small amount.Ejaculation device district is not shown here how intercepts light.
Next with reference to Figure 14, what illustrate is the equipment that has by shown in Figure 12 of the description of the light that is gone out by a light scatter of inner total reflection.
What illustrate is the luminaire 100 that has the light 130 of holding light source 101 and therefrom launching.Light 132 refractions enter extraneous air 133.Light 134 is shown carries out internal reflection, make when light source 101 opposite ends of arrival and luminaire 100, also to remain more rays 13 1 by penetrating device district 124.The rough surface that penetrates device district 121,122,123,124 and 125 can make that penetrating the device district becomes the diffuse reflection scatterer of light incident on it arranged.The appropriate distribution (determining as described below) of roughness can make and only remain the light 131 shown in Figure 14 in a small amount.
The light-emitting area emission of accurately duplicating fluorescent lamp at first requires at the consistent aura of sending out of all surfaces of equipment, and promptly it is to penetrate device all.Secondly another how oval method of Figure 13 and Figure 14 optionally, promptly fluorescent lamp itself is cylindrical.
Next with reference to Figure 15, what illustrate is as the fluorescent lamp substitute and respectively have the end view of the optical device of a LED at its two ends according to one embodiment of the invention.
What illustrate is the luminaire 200 that two ends have LED encapsulation 201 and 202 respectively.Expander district 211 and 212 will introduce cylinder tagma 213 from the light of source 201 and 202, and the effect of penetrating the device district is played by the phenomenon (i.e. the scattering that is caused by the long roughness of wavelet) as the optical loss source in utilizing the equipment of inner total reflection by this district.Because the length of this scattering plastic fiber optical device is restricted, make it to use than glass lack many.Thereby the embodiment that describes among Figure 15 combines the surface emitting that this phenomenon has produced expectation in the mode of careful calibration.However, this emission and is outwardly unlike fluorescent lamp by surface region 213 inwardly.
Next with reference to Figure 16, what illustrate is the end view with optical device among Figure 15 of exemplary dextrad propagating light.
Show with Figure 15 in identical lens shape as having the luminaire 200 that LED encapsulation 201 and tubulose penetrate device district 213.The typical light 220 that illustrates is propagated to the right, and gives birth to inner total reflection at point 130 places.
To by Remillard, Everson and Weber are published in Applied Optics Vol.31 at this, #34, and pp7232-7241, December 1992 " Loss mechanisms in optical light pipes " makes it and is incorporated in this reference in full.Clear and definite therein is when described roughness is described by Gaussian statistics, to show the internal reflection coefficients R according to rms surface roughness σ equation (8)
0(TIR means R
0=1) be how to turn to reflection R approximately, wherein equation is:
R
spec＝R
0 exp[-(2K
Lσ)
2]
K wherein
L=2 π cos θ/wavelength are the wave numbers with Surface Vertical, for incidence angle θ＞θ
c, in refractive index is the medium of n.For wavelength is 0.5 micron (500 nm) and n=1.58 (θ
c=sin
-1(1/n)=39.3 °), so cos θ＜0.77 and K
L=15,288/mm=15.3/ μ m.
Table 1
| σ(x)，nm | R spec(x) | R diff(x) |
| 1 | 0.999 | 0.001 |
| 2 | 0.996 | 0.004 |
| 5 | 0.976 | 0.024 |
| 10 | 0.911 | 0.089 |
| 15 | 0.810 | 0.190 |
| 20 | 0.688 | 0.312 |
| 25 | 0.558 | 0.442 |
| 30 | 0.431 | 0.569 |
| 35 | 0.318 | 0.682 |
| 40 | 0.224 | 0.776 |
| 45 | 0.151 | 0.849 |
| 50 | 0.097 | 0.903 |
| 75 | 0.005 | 0.995 |
The brightness B (x) of scattering radiation is diffuse reflectance R
Diff(x)=1-R
SpecSo it is along with roughness σ increases fast (x) and the product of the illumination I of incident light (x).Just can produce the scattered quantum of classification by changing roughness, to obtain approximately uniform brightness B (x) at different distance x place along ejaculation device district.It should be noted that levels of scatter is high more just responsive more to wavelength, thereby be not suitable for the application of the occasion that needs blend of colors more.
The emission angle pattern that the long roughness of controlled thus wavelet forms depends on the structure of its wavelet long spacing correlation function C (x, Δ x), coarse profile of its measurement of x place particular random and the similarity degree that leaves other profiles in its slight distance Δ x place.Complete incoherent roughness will cause uniform lambert luminous, and the coarse spatial coherence of same degree will cause the direction on the brightness upper angle to change, and this can become the brightness irregularities of visible non-expectation.
In any case, more than list the minimum flow (1-5nm) of roughness, be to cut the more typical residue roughness that obtains by best diamond.Though may need complete scattering (R in positive center near transmitting tube length
Diff-1), but 0.8＞R
DiffThe medium level of＞0.2 scope is more suitable for the present invention.
The importance that is used for the long roughness of wavelet of total internal reflection be light all under this roughness scope all be concerned with and be subjected to diffraction, and diffraction produces non-mirror reflection by catoptrical phase perturbation successively.Non-mirror reflection is the another kind of call of scattering, but it is also noted that this scattering not in the dielectric body outside, does not enter ambient air so scattered light can not pass described surface.Only during near wavelength dimension, just can reach described effect under the situation of above-mentioned holographic diffusion just in roughness.When roughness be wavelength 1% the time, promptly under the situation of this preferred embodiment, all scatterings all are reflexive.In addition, this scattering only acts on the total internal reflection light of guiding in the cylinder.Therefore it is not similar to the holographic diffusion that acts on transmitted light.But the part of the long roughness scattered reflection of wavelet light, no matter it is Fresnel reflection or the inner total reflection on refracting interface.
The roughness reverberation is reflected back toward ejaculation device district 213 from the surface of lens 10, but has more than the direction along direct reflection, but along all directions.The part of this scattered light will have the incident angle littler than critical angle to local surface normal subsequently, and leave described equipment when running into the side relative with its scattering point next time.When inspection has disclosed only from inside, examine the inside primary light that described lens just can be seen this scattered light.The long roughness of wavelet does not influence the specular transmittance of light, thus different with the holographic diffuser that gives the refract light additional off separately of previous discussion, only obey Snell's law from the light that lens leave.Different with the roughness of the wavelength dimension of holographic diffuser, the long roughness of the wavelet that the present invention utilized does not have influence for the refract light by it---and have only its Fresnel reflection light to be scattered.
Next with reference to Figure 17, what illustrate is the end view that has the long surface roughness of wavelet and optical device among the Figure 15 of the demonstration light by this device radiates is shown.
What illustrate is the light source 200 that has tube-shaped sputtering district 213 equally, and it has the long surface roughness of wavelet now.Therefore the light 220 of the 201 encapsulation emissions of the LED from Figure 16 will cause the hemispherical light fan-shaped 240 that sends from the TIR point.Light 241 is from surperficial 213 directive air.Because light 242 has been captured in total internal reflection, so it stays lens 213 inside.Each this light is by internal reflection, and its part flux all is scattered successively.
Penetrate the cylindrical of device 213 and amplify the inner surface that the observer faces as lens.The multiplication factor that its plastics to this polypropylene or Merlon are nearly 4 times, this multiplication factor is particularly outstanding at cut place and other external crack place, grows any inconsistent of roughness comprising wavelet.The inconsistent inconsistent embodiment of this surface roughness by its brightness that causes.This cylindrical amplification means in fact have only a very little part, and the luminous girth of 1/4 π=8% can be observed from the advantage point of any specific.
Next with reference to Figure 18, shown is calculates the positive sectional view in the cylindrical ejaculation device of Figure 17 district of the spheroid launching technique of view-factor.
Meridional ray fan-shaped 180 has been represented at first from penetrating the light that device 213 inner surfaces scatter out.It meets at the point of observation (not shown) that the another side that penetrates device 213 was refracted away and propagated into the left side.From that point of observation, zone 182 looks it is the entire image that is exaggerated and is full of ejaculation device district 213.It is to send from the marginal portion of penetrating device district 213 at first that rim ray 181 looks like, but is actually the center from zone 182.The incidence angle that this rim ray is bigger has reduced its transmission coefficient, produces faint edge blanking bar in the light-emitting area that penetrates device district 213.For the coordinate x in the pipe of edge, suitable roughness σ (x) distribution can be ejaculation device district quite uniform brightness is provided.
Calculate suitable roughness distribution σ (x) and then entered the category of opposite problem.The cylindrical geometry shape in described ejaculation device district 213 helps the mathematical analysis in the thin Bao Huan of its inner surface based on described pipe territory.Equaling 13: 1 the pipe range and the aspect ratio of diameter in Figure 15 also will work.Propagate into described pipe downwards and on each length coordinate x from the leading light of expander part, its part is by by roughness σ (x) scattering, and direct reflection then takes place residue light, and wherein reflectivity R is provided by last table.The light of this roughness scattering has only 40% other end from pipe to reflect away, and residue light helps brightness more even with adding leading light to.
Penetrate device district body in case inject, the roughness scattered light just is subjected to the added influence of inner total reflection so.
Next with reference to Figure 19, what illustrate is the cut-away section perspective view of having described the cylindrical ejaculation device district shown in Figure 17 of light, and described light becomes critical angle emission and crossing with same critical angle and cylinder with the normal of cylindrical inner surface.
Figure 19 shows the scattering point 190 of cylinder 191 inner surfaces (only show for simplicity cylindrical half).As the point 190 in the source of light cone 192 to be θ with local surface normal
cThe angle emission wherein show three quadrants, and a quadrant will be refracted into extraneous air.Demonstration light 193 enters extraneous air with the incidence angle refraction of 90 degree nearly as shown in the figure.Uncorrelated surface roughness will cause the scattered light of lambert's type, so the ejaculation light of small part will be that those and normal angle are less than emission θ
c, i.e. sin
2θ
cLight.Therefore for n=1.59, the part of overflowing of scattered light can be sin so
2θ
c=1/n
2=39.6%.
Next with reference to figure 20a, shown is is used for the side perspective view of Figure 15 equipment of the coordinate system that the calculating optimum roughness distributes.
Figure 20 a shows the perspective version of Figure 15, and wherein equipment 200 comprises light source 210 and 202, expander district 211 and 212 and columniform ejaculation device district 213.Penetrating device end points place setting initial point x=0, and supposition unit radius r=1, for aspect ratio A=L/r, given ejaculation device length L provides problem area 0＜x＜A.
Next with reference to figure 20b, what illustrate is the top perspective close-up view in expander district 211 according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 20 b is the interior views in the expander district 211 in LED encapsulation 201.In encapsulation 201 is the different led chip of color 204,205 and 206.Common electrode 203 is connected to these chips by lead 207.The diffuse reflector 208 of white cup-shaped is filled (not shown) by the transparent epoxy resin of protectiveness.
Next with reference to figure 20c, show the end view in expander district 211 of Figure 20 b of expander district 211 boundary rays.
Figure 20 c has described expander district 211 and LED encapsulation 201.Circular boundary 210 has defined output light with the angle of light fan-shaped 209.By circular 210 area surrounded in the simplification of penetrating the device performance is analyzed as uniform source, space.The shape of special design area 211 is to limit its output angle, i.e. θ＜θ
g Rim ray 209 from distinguish 211 periphery 210 and penetrate and the boundary of mark light pattern less than angle θ
g
View-factor method is the basis of penetrating device district's 213 inner brightness among the calculating chart 20a.At the illumination I (x) on the coordinate x that penetrates the device inner surface is the result of brightness addition in the hemisphere ken.
Next with reference to figure 20d, what illustrate is the angle variation diagram of the space average brightness of expander district 211 outputs.
Figure 20 d has described the space average output mode of the light 209 among Figure 20 c.Output light 209 penetrates from the pelvic outlet plane 210 of expander 211.The average illumination function that uses these all light than use among Figure 20 b led chip 204,205 and 206 and the diffuse reflector 208 of white cup-shaped illustrate that inhomogeneities is much easier.
Some special ratios in the expander district 211 among Figure 20 c is possible bigger slightly than minimum, further to limit its output angle.Similarly, this emission is not desirable, because its intensity also is uneven.
Figure 20 d has drawn and has had all three LED in the average output brightness in expander district 211 of emission.This figure is the key of method for optimizing of calculating the appropriate pattern of the long roughness of wavelet.Though this figure is obtained by the computer ray trace, then the optic angle degree is learned method of measurement and also can be provided these data.Curve 2001 has provided the function of relative brightness as off-axis angle, and curve 2002 has provided the integrated intensity of off-axis angle.This curve will be used to calculate the brightness of penetrating inside, device district.
For the described effect that narrows and distribute of assessing specific roughness function σ (x), (x=0) beginning is calculated luminance function I (x) until spray the middle part in area under control from the limit, expander district.Cylindrical geometrical property has guaranteed that incidence angle remains unchanged under the situation that view-factor light is penetrated by point of observation in dielectric substance inside, and this goniometer that just can be at an easy rate arrives the pelvic outlet plane 210 among Figure 20 c by every light be calculated it and experience several secondary reflections before arrival x=0.
Next with reference to figure 20e, what illustrate is the diagram of having described with Figure 20 d same brightness with sinusoidal square.
Next with reference to figure 21a, what illustrate is that the figure of dextrad unit ball 2100 has described to calculate the method that radiation receives with direction unit ball method.
Figure 21 a has described the unit hemisphere method of brightness calculation.Unit hemisphere 2100 is about perpendicular to curved surface infinitesimal dA
1Surface normal 2101 symmetries.Comprise curved surface infinitesimal dA
2Distant place curved surface A
2The brightness at place can be by comprising infinitesimal dA
sSpherical projection A
sUse dA
s=dA
2Cos θ
2/ S
2 On unit circumference 2102, assess.A
2At A
sOn projection considered apart from S and curved surface A
2Tiltangle
2For dA is described
2The tiltangle of light
2Influence, spherical projection A
2Project to the regional A on the unit circumference 2102
b, A wherein
bBe infinitesimal dA
sBe multiplied by cos θ
1Gained.This method will be applied to the inner surface that penetrates device 213.
Next with reference to figure 21b, shown is has 10 ° of circles to 90 ° of sin θ that begun by local surface normal from cylinder inside, has the dextrorotatory diagram on the plane of the celestial equator of same units sphere with Figure 21 a.
Figure 21 b has described the unit circumference 2102 among Figure 21 a.It is described is point 190 projection views of being seen from Figure 19.Also represented simultaneously the surface, inside of the playpipe 213 among Figure 20 a.Exterior periphery 2190 has been represented and has been 90 ° local tangential plane with local surface normal.Concentric circumferences 2180,2170,2160 until 2110 the representative be to be 80 ° with local surface normal, 70 °, 60 °, until 10 ° θ
nThe circumference at angle, radius are respectively their sin value.Yet, the critical angle θ the when circumference 2139 shown in the replacement circumference 2140 has been described n=1.59
c, wherein n is the refractive index of the transparent epoxy resin of the injection moulding of using in a large number among the present invention.Circumference 2139 is corresponding to the light conical surface 192 among Figure 19.
Next with reference to Figure 22, how shown is is placed on unit direction sphere the perspective section view of side, district of cylindrical ejaculation device of Figure 20 a of described cylindrical ejaculation device inside.
That illustrate is LED 201, expander district 211 with peripheral 210 and emission cylinder 213.Direction hemisphere 2220 is used for beginning along the x wheelbase from the calculating that is the brightness at 250 places by peripheral 210.The z axle points to the center of cylinder, the side direction of y for beginning thus.The mathematics grid 240 of cylinder helps visualization to penetrate the surface of device cylinder 213.Ray vectors t from the center of direction hemisphere 2200
lWith penetrate device cylinder 213 meets in the another side.
Next with reference to figure 23a, shown is the dextrorotatory diagram on the plane of the celestial equator of describing projecting direction, as the interior views of the cylindrical ejaculation device 213 of embodiment.
Figure 23 a has summarized the unit circumference 2190 among Figure 21 a, and critical angle circumference 2139.Curvilinear grid 230 is cylindrical lattice 240 projections on hemisphere 2200 among Figure 22.Avette regional 231 is projections that the periphery 210 among Figure 21 obtains at 1.5 times of diameter External Observations.What the opposite was much smaller avette regional 232 is the projections in other the expander district 212 of distance among farther Figure 20 a.Demonstration perimeter line 233 and demonstration axis 234 are components of curvilinear grid 230.By avette regional 232 light that penetrate according to 232 area A
vAnd luminance weightedly together local illumination is contributed by it.
Next with reference to figure 23b, it is shown according to one embodiment of present invention by be hunted down in the cylindrical ejaculation device 213 isoflux subdivision graph of angular region of light of inner total reflection that shown is.
Because the incidence angle at the light of cylindrical inside remains unchanged, leading light has only by the represented directions of junior unit in the grid 235 and just can enter, and has only these light just can be penetrated the inner surface scattering of device 213, thereby produces visible light.By project stereoscopic angle as the 0.3/MN zone, each junior unit 236 multiply by the brightness L that enters from its direction (m, n), so I (m, n)=0.3L (m, n)/MN is the illuminance that this unit is contributed.And summation ∑ I (m n), comprises the illuminance of all MN junior units contribution, has provided the brightness I (x) at the 211 x places, expander district in Figure 22.When the minute surface emissivity is R
Spec(x) time, from the above mentioned, the long roughness σ (x) of wavelet is depended in the brightness of penetrating light, is B (x)=I (x) R
Diff(x).
(m n), will carry out opposite ray trace on each junior unit for the specular brightness L of junior unit among the calculating chart 23b.Penetrate the pelvic outlet plane x in the expander district 212 of Ray Of Light in the distance map 20a from the point of observation that penetrates the device inner surface at each junior unit.In coordinate system, y cross cylinder and z to wherein, the direction cosines of light are
Coefficient 0.6 shows only via the medium leading of refractive index n=1.581.This coefficient will be changed into 1-(1/n) because of the medium of different refractivity
2
(m, n) light of She Chuing is with propagation distance t at junior unit
1Intersect with internal partition wall the back, is given by the following formula.
This is the distance of light shafts first reflection, at coordinate x
B=x-x
1(m, n) t
1On.If x
B＜0 do not have scattering and light shafts will be in Figure 23 a avette regional 231.Therefore (m n) is provided by Figure 20 d the brightness L of light shafts, at axial angle cos
-1[x
1(m, n)] locate.The reading of the curve 2003 among Figure 20 e has provided L (x
1) value.Light shafts are at the order of reflection n at 211x place, distance expander district
BFor
n
B＝trunc(t
1/x)
Next with reference to figure 23c, shown is according to the close-up view of Figure 23 a upper left quarter quadrant of from 0 to 500 reflection number mark.At reflection each time, local diffuse reflectance R
Diff(x
B) brightness of minimizing beam.So these n
BThe diffuse reflectance value that inferior reflection is multiplied by them reduces brightness according to following formula
L(m，n)＝L(x
1)∏
nB R(x
B)
Among Figure 20 d specific illuminance function incident angle during greater than 30 ° its brightness be tending towards little or 0, yet the cylinder of n=1.58 will be caught all beams that come out from expander district 211 until 50.8 ° axial angle.The diameter that only needs to penetrate device just can make expander district 211 cover such wide-angle according to light harvesting ability conservation greater than cup-shaped LED208 more than 30%.Yet, consider from actual angle, with regulation than the length of several times of the 2.4mm serious offenses of cup-shaped among Figure 20 d 208 as diameter.This means that one is wanted narrow angular distribution than maximum ± 41 °.Narrower distribution means the least significant end that penetrates the device district and has been determined the minute surface illuminance the biglyyest among Figure 20.This has advantageously reduced the mathematical susceptibility from the visible brightness that little variation brought of the forms such as dullness increase of the long roughness of the wavelet that penetrates 213x place, device district.
Under the capable situation of photoconduction, internal reflection is also disobeyed the long scattering of the wavelet of being discussed, so do not need the grid 235 among Figure 23 b.Each junior unit 236 will have and the expander district brightness L (x that does not have to reduce
1) equal brightness.Yet, the scattering of following the long roughness σ of wavelet (x) to be brought, (m n) will reduce in each internal reflection, because at each scattering point n ray brightness L
BScattering all can loss weaken it.Do not having under the situation of roughness, brightness I (x) is the constant corresponding to x, yet under the situation that roughness σ (x) arranged, brightness I (x) will increase with the distance of distance expander district 211x and decay, and leading light is because of the scattering loss.Thereby roughness σ (x) must increase so that scattered light R synchronously with x
Diff(x) part increases by way of compensation, and it is even approx to keep penetrating device 213 interior brightness B (x).
It is flat-footed that the numerical value of this method is implemented, particularly in Figure 21 c under the situation of 30 ° of given angle limits.13: 1 aspect ratio using Figure 20 b to be described, method disclosed herein will be given in being equivalent to of x=0 place and add up in 27000 the junior unit from φ=0 to φ=total brightness of 695 junior units of 90 °.
Next with reference to Figure 24, that shown is the illumination figure with different diffuse reflectance values according to an embodiment of the invention.
That illustrate is Figure 24 00 along the first pass minute surface illuminance I (x) of the length overall in the ejaculation device district 213 among Figure 22.That curve 2401 is described is diffuse reflectance R
Diff(x)=0.1 situation, and curve 2402,2403,2404,2406 and 2408 difference coefficient of correspondence values 0.2,0.3,0.4,0.6 and 0.8.I[26 at three curve right-hand members] value represented those undrawn light that enters expander district 211 again from the other end.Because the part in these light will be absorbed by the led chip 203-205 among Figure 20 A, so will have a resetting ratio R
ExpThe source light that the light that returns will penetrate with the expander district 211 among Figure 20 c adds together.This makes every curve among Figure 24 all take advantage of a coefficient
F＝1+R
expI{26/I[0]}+{R
expI[26]/I[0]}
2+...
＝1/{1-R
expI[26]/I[0]}
Brightness will be calculated by the illumination that multiplies each other from two expander districts:
B(x)＝FR
diff(x)[I(x)+I(A-x)]
Next with reference to Figure 25, shown is the luminance graph to different diffuse reflectance values of one embodiment of the present of invention.
That shown is the aforementioned calculation result of Figure 25 00, changes to 0.8 brightness curve 2501 to 2508 corresponding to diffuse reflectance from 0.1.Curve 2503 has the highest central value I (13).This illustrates a good initial value R
Diff(0) about 0.3, and there is the value of increase at past center.
Next with reference to Figure 26, that shown is the linear distribution figure of shown diffuse reflectance according to one embodiment of present invention, and this linear distribution has provided uniform luminance.
Shown is that a diffuse reflectance that can provide 285 uniform luminances distributes.This result will be the zeroth order valuation of output brightness, has only specular light to be scattered as light source light.But be captured on 60% the scattered light that penetrates device inside and will increase a scattering brightness I along inner surface
D(x).According to Figure 23 a, each thing outside circumference 2139 has scattering brightness, is included in avette regional 231 of 211 tops, expander district among Figure 13.
Though expander district 211 itself does not produce scattering, and most scattered lights all penetrates reflected back device 213 enter its inside except relevant with chip after.Therefore diffusion illumination is very little with the variation of x, helps to make single order illumination more level and smooth than zeroth order valuation.The illumination of several more high-orders can be to the more and more littler quantity of illumination increase, because the light microscopic face ground of diffuse scattering circulates back and forth and is scattered.So zeroth order brightness B
T(x) in order to make final uniform luminance satisfactory, do not need absolute evenly.
Related and uncorrelated roughness with calibration σ can be cut to handle to form in the master metal parts and be penetrated device 213 and obtain by diamond.These parts can be made model with traditional mould making process.One preferably diamond to cut master unit method that metal has a long roughness of the good wavelet of calibration be that to drive diamond tool be that a (x) grade acoustic frequency vibration is to provide uncorrelated roughness as amplitude for white noise signal with the broadband.
Although invention disclosed herein is described by specific embodiment and application wherein, those of ordinary skills still can do a large amount of modifications and variations in the scope that does not exceed the claim proposition.
Claims (19)
1. optical device that is used for the radiated emission of distribute light reflector comprises:
The bottom transmission region; And
The device district is penetrated on the top that is positioned on the transmission region of bottom, described bottom transmission region can be used for the placement on the described optical transmitting set and can radiated emission substantially all be passed to described top by inner total reflection penetrating the device district, and described top is penetrated the device district and is so shaped that the outside redistribution of described emission roughly is solid angle.
2. equipment as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the bottom transmission region is the rotary body with elliptical shape profile, and wherein long axis of ellipse is parallel to the axis of this rotary body and makes the focus of described elliptic contour be positioned at the opposite side of described axis from the axis laterally offset of this rotary body.
3. equipment as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, it is the diameter cylinder identical with the transmission region top diameter that the device district is penetrated on described top, and described cylinder has conical shaped depression on its top surface.
4. equipment as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, described laterally offset is substantially equal to the radius of stating ellipse in described elliptic focus place.
5. equipment as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, it is quadratic surface that the device district is penetrated on described top.
6. equipment as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, it is spherical that the device district is penetrated on described top.
7. equipment as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, it is the serrated portion of sphere that the device district is penetrated on described top.
8. equipment as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, it is cylinder that the device district is penetrated on described top.
9. optical device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, also comprise by immersing the light-emitting diode (LED) of solid transparent dielectric optical coupled to described bottom transmission region, described dielectric external shape has formed the top of described bottom transmission region and has formed described top and penetrated the device district, wherein immerse the bottom that has formed described bottom transmission region around the reflector in the described dielectric of described LED, described dielectric described external shape has the forward release agent.
10. equipment as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises
Optical coupled is to the optical transmitting set of described bottom transmission region; And
Be installed in the base portion under the described optical transmitting set, described base portion comprises power supply and the control electronic installation that is used for described optical transmitting set, described base portion has the conduction side and the electricity opposite with described conduction side electric polarity is separated terminal installation, and described base portion has the heat conduction path that is used for by the heat of described optical transmitting set generation.
11. equipment as claimed in claim 10 is characterized in that, also comprises the transparent outer cover on the described base portion, described shell surrounds described upper and lower transmission region and described optical transmitting set.
12. equipment as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that, comprises that also surrounding described transparent outer cover and its focus is positioned at described top and penetrates paraboloidal reflector in the device district.
13. equipment as claimed in claim 12 is characterized in that, described top is penetrated the device district and is had diffusing surface.
14. optical device that is used for the radiated emission of distribute light reflector, comprise by the substantially transparent material make a plurality of from the axle spheroid, described spheroid is all blocked at the focus place of each spheroid, and described spheroid vertically is coupled so that the inner total reflection passage to be provided mutually.
15. equipment as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that, it has the surface that has the long roughness of classification wavelet, is used for the specular scattering of described emission light is gone out described equipment.
16. an optical device that is used for the radiated emission of distribute light reflector comprises:
By the expander district that the substantially transparent material is made, the angular range that it is used to receive described radiated emission, the described radiated emission of broadening and the angular range of described radiated emission is reduced at least cylindrical photoconduction by inner total reflection; And
Be coupled to described expander district and by the cylindrical ejaculation device district that the substantially transparent material is made, be used for receiving and penetrate the radiation that described angle narrows down via the long surface roughness of wavelet of the classification in this cylindrical ejaculation device district.
17. optical device as claimed in claim 16 is characterized in that, also comprises extending the level crossing that crosses described ejaculation device district far-end.
18. optical device as claimed in claim 16 is characterized in that, also is included in the second expander district of described ejaculation device district far-end and the optical coupled optical transmitting set to the described far-end in described ejaculation device district.
19. equipment as claimed in claim 18 is characterized in that, described wavelet is grown roughness the highest on the periphery in two the described ejaculation device of described expander district equidistant districts, and minimum near described expander district.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US47069103P | 2003-05-13 | 2003-05-13 | |
| US60/470,691 | 2003-05-13 | ||
| US10/461,557 | 2003-06-12 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1806336A CN1806336A (en) | 2006-07-19 |
| CN100452424C true CN100452424C (en) | 2009-01-14 |
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ID=36867525
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004800169230A Active CN100452424C (en) | 2003-05-13 | 2004-05-13 | Optical device for LED-based light-bulb substitute |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN100452424C (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8449150B2 (en) * | 2009-02-03 | 2013-05-28 | Osram Sylvania Inc. | Tir lens for light emitting diodes |
| DE102009038864B4 (en) | 2009-08-27 | 2021-11-25 | Pictiva Displays International Limited | General lighting lamp |
| AU2010300448B8 (en) * | 2009-10-02 | 2015-10-29 | GE Lighting Solutions, LLC | Light emitting diode (LED) based lamp |
| TW201213734A (en) * | 2010-09-20 | 2012-04-01 | zhi-ming You | Light guide pipe for homogenous emission of light and LED light using the light guide pipe |
| CN104160213B (en) * | 2012-03-08 | 2019-01-22 | 飞利浦照明控股有限公司 | Light emitting device and method for manufacturing light emitting device |
| CN105757611B (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2017-11-17 | 北京欣天和怡机电设备安装工程有限公司 | Double ellipsoid reflector, LED light emission device and light fixtures |
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| US4388673A (en) * | 1981-06-22 | 1983-06-14 | Mag Instrument, Inc. | Variable light beam flashlight and recharging unit |
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| US3774021A (en) * | 1972-05-25 | 1973-11-20 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Light emitting device |
| US3760237A (en) * | 1972-06-21 | 1973-09-18 | Gen Electric | Solid state lamp assembly having conical light director |
| US3938177A (en) * | 1973-06-25 | 1976-02-10 | Amp Incorporated | Narrow lead contact for automatic face down bonding of electronic chips |
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|---|---|
| CN1806336A (en) | 2006-07-19 |
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