CN100449114C - 完井方法和制造要在井下膨胀的筛管的方法 - Google Patents

完井方法和制造要在井下膨胀的筛管的方法 Download PDF

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CN100449114C
CN100449114C CNB038237334A CN03823733A CN100449114C CN 100449114 C CN100449114 C CN 100449114C CN B038237334 A CNB038237334 A CN B038237334A CN 03823733 A CN03823733 A CN 03823733A CN 100449114 C CN100449114 C CN 100449114C
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screen
well
adaptation
screen casing
expansion
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CN1688791A (zh
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B·M·理查德
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Baker Hughes Holdings LLC
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/02Subsoil filtering
    • E21B43/10Setting of casings, screens, liners or the like in wells
    • E21B43/103Setting of casings, screens, liners or the like in wells of expandable casings, screens, liners, or the like
    • E21B43/108Expandable screens or perforated liners
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/02Subsoil filtering
    • E21B43/08Screens or liners
    • E21B43/086Screens with preformed openings, e.g. slotted liners
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/02Subsoil filtering
    • E21B43/10Setting of casings, screens, liners or the like in wells
    • E21B43/103Setting of casings, screens, liners or the like in wells of expandable casings, screens, liners, or the like

Abstract

公开了一种在膨胀之后适应井眼形状的筛管。该筛管包括在膨胀时具有井眼形状的柔顺外层。该外层形成有孔以允许产生流动。选择的材料优选地在与井筒流体延长接触时膨胀,以在膨胀之后进一步封闭环形间隙。在一个可选择实施例中,筛管不膨胀,而只有材料的膨胀封闭环形间隙。外套筒放在筛管上,并且筛管放在一个基管上,并且从基管内开始膨胀以固定用来伸入井下的筛管组件的元件,同时减少或消除在层中的任何焊接。能使用各种膨胀工具,以使筛管在井下膨胀。

Description

完井方法和制造要在井下膨胀的筛管的方法
技术领域
本发明的领域是井下筛管(downhole screens),更具体地说,是能在裸眼中膨胀以封锁不规则形状井眼的那些井下筛管。
背景技术
在过去,防砂方法一直以井下筛管外部的砾石充填为主。该想法是用砾石充填筛管外的环形空间,以防止不希望固体产生的形成。最近,随着管膨胀技术的进步,想到如果筛管能膨胀到位以消除至今用砾石充填的周围环形空间,则能消除对砾石充填的需要。因为井眼形状的不规则性,用筛管膨胀技术作为对砾石充填的替换会产生问题。固定套管整形器会使筛管膨胀固定的量。问题是在井眼中的冲蚀仍然在筛管外留下较大的环形空间。相反,在井眼中的缩径处能产生卡住固定套管整形器的危险。
固定套管整形器技术的一种改进是使用各种形式的柔性套管整形器。在理论上,这些柔性套管整形器是柔顺的,从而在缩径处中它们能向内弯曲并且降低卡住套管整形器的机会。另一方面,如果有空的区域,则相同的问题继续存在:柔性套管整形器具有使筛管膨胀到的有限外部尺寸。因此,柔性套管整形器的使用仍然留下筛管外环形间隙的问题,当井投产时从该区导致不希望的固体产生。
筛管的以前设计使用了由金属套保持的预压缩垫,该金属套然后当放置在希望位置的井眼中时经受化学侵蚀。然后允许垫从其预压缩状态膨胀。筛管不膨胀。这种设计在美国专利2,981,332和2,981,333中描述。美国专利5,667,011表明一种膨胀割缝衬管井眼的固定套管整形器。美国专利5,901,789和6,012,522表明正在膨胀的井下筛管。美国专利6,253,850表明一种把一个固体衬管插入在另一个已经膨胀的割缝衬管中以将它封闭和使用橡胶或环氧树脂密封在衬管之间的技术。美国专利6,263,966表明一种具有井下膨胀的纵向褶的筛管。美国专利5,833,001表明在用分隔器膨胀之后固化到位以进行修补的橡胶。最后,美国专利4,262,744作为一种用来使用模具制造筛管的技术具有一般兴趣。
本发明的设备和方法通过提供一种带有在膨胀时能适应井眼形状的外层的筛管组件解决该问题。在优选实施例中,选择与井筒流体接触膨胀的材料,以在膨胀之后进一步增强对井眼中空区域的填充。在一种可选择的设计中,不需要筛管膨胀,而最外层通过与引入到井眼中的井筒流体或其它流体相接触而膨胀以适应井眼形状。筛管段以减少或消除焊缝的方式构造。焊缝在膨胀过程中置于严重加载下,所以减少或消除焊缝能提供膨胀之后的更可靠的筛管操作。对于本领域的技术人员由优选实施例和下面出现的权利要求书的描述的回顾,本发明的这些和其它优点将变得更明白。
发明内容
公开了一种在膨胀之后适应井眼形状的筛管。该筛管包括一个在膨胀时采用井眼形状的柔顺外层。该外层形成有允许产生流动的孔。选择优选地与井筒流体延长接触而膨胀的材料,以在膨胀之后进一步封闭环形间隙。在一个可选择实施例中,筛管不膨胀,并且只有材料的膨胀封闭环形间隙。外套筒放置在筛管上,并且筛管放置在一个基管上,并且开始从基管内膨胀,以固定用来在井下运行的筛管组件的元件,同时减少或消除在层中的任何焊接。各种膨胀工具能用来使筛管在井下膨胀。
附图说明
图1是以阶梯表示的筛管的剖视图;和
图2是在井下膨胀位置中的筛管组件的载面图,筛管之一表示在图1中。
具体实施方式
图1表明一段筛管10的一部分。它具有基管12,在基管12上是筛管14,并且在筛管上是外适应层16。层16具有多个孔18。基管12也具有孔20。实际的过滤材料或筛管材料14是丝网或织物或其它已知的过滤产品。适应层16优选地是软的,从而它在筛管10膨胀时将流动。优选的材料是当暴露于井筒流体延长的时间段时将膨胀的材料。三个例子是腈、天然橡胶、及AFLAS。在一个可选择实施例中,适应层16在伸入井眼中之后足够地膨胀,以接触井眼,而筛管10不膨胀。在筛管10的端部22和24示意表示的是挡圈26和28。这些挡圈在筛管10膨胀时将包住适应层16以防止其在膨胀之后在筛管外的环形空间中纵向延伸。挡圈的使用是可选的。
筛管10的组装方式是本发明的另一个方面。适应层16能具有一个允许它在筛管材料14上滑动的内径。筛管材料14的组件和适应层16在基管12上滑动。此后,一种已知的膨胀工具从内部应用于基管12,以使它稍微膨胀。结果,筛管材料14和适应层16都被固定到基管12上而不需要焊接。这是便利的,因为当筛管10被伸入到井眼中并且膨胀时,膨胀过程可能增加焊缝的应力,这些焊缝可能引起筛管失效。组装筛管10的一种可选择的方法是以刚才描述的方式把筛管材料14连接到基管12上,然后把适应层16立即固化到筛管材料14上。作为另一种选择,一个保护外套(未表示)能施加在筛管材料14上面和适应层16安装于其上。即使具有可选的带孔保护套(未表示)的接合过程也是从基管12内向外的膨胀,如以前描述的那样。
孔18能具有各种形状。其功能是在膨胀之后允许地层流体通过。它们能是圆孔或槽或其它形状或这些形状的组合。适应层16能由聚合物材料制成,并且优选地是在持续暴露于井筒流体时膨胀的材料,以更好地适应井眼30中的不规则形状,如图2中所示。图2还表示在筛管材料14上面和适应层16下面延伸的外保护套32,以在伸入到井眼30中时保护筛管材料14。套32是一种具有冲压开口33的已知的产品,并且如果使用适应层16,则能选择地使用。它是可选择的原因在于,适应层16在某种程度上提供在伸入期间(run in)的希望保护。另外,没有套32,适应层16能制得较厚,以在膨胀之后更好地填充在筛管10周围的环形空间中的空隙体积34中。适应层16的厚度受到井眼和安装在其内部的元件的外径的限制。优选的是适应层16被牢固地挤压,这增强其填充周围环形空间中空隙的运动。
本领域的技术人员将认识到,本发明允许制造消除在层之间焊缝的可膨胀筛管。适应材料16的使用允许使用各种膨胀技术和提高消除由井眼不规则引起的膨胀筛管外的空隙空间的能力。可替换地,适应材料16能足够地膨胀而没有筛管10的井下膨胀,以允许消除对砾石充填的需要。如果材料由于暴露于井下流体而膨胀,则希望其作为适应层16使用。在适应层16下面的保护套32可以用来在伸入期间保护筛管材料14。
本发明的以上公开和描述是说明性的和解释性的,并且不脱离本发明的精神可以进行尺寸、形状和材料、以及表明构造细节的各种变更。

Claims (26)

1.一种完井方法,包括:
用适应材料覆盖至少一个井下筛管;
把所述筛管伸入到井眼中的所需要位置;
使筛管和适应材料膨胀;
通过所述膨胀强迫所述适应材料呈井眼的形状。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,包括:
通过所述筛管的所述膨胀强迫所述适应材料沿井眼流动。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,包括:
选择在所述膨胀之后膨胀的用于所述适应材料的材料。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,包括:
从腈、天然橡胶及AFLAS中选择用于所述适应材料的材料。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,包括:
在所述适应材料中设置至少一个开口。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法,包括:
使用多个孔、槽、菱形、正方形或矩形作为所述至少一个开口。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,包括:
用至少一个挡圈包住所述适应材料。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法,包括:
在把所述筛管伸入到井眼中之前,通过所述筛管的向外膨胀把所述适应材料固定到所述井下筛管上。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法,包括:
通过把所述适应材料固化到所述筛管上,从而把所述适应材料固定到所述井下筛管上。
10.如权利要求1所述的方法,包括:
在所述筛管与所述适应材料之间提供一个保护套。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法,包括:
在把所述筛管伸入到井眼中之前通过所述筛管的向外膨胀把所述保护套固定到所述筛管上。
12.如权利要求1所述的方法,包括:
提供由筛管材料覆盖的带孔基管用作所述筛管;
在把所述筛管伸入到井眼中之前,通过使所述基管膨胀把所述筛管材料连接到所述带孔基管上。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法,包括:
把所述筛管材料接合到所述基管上而不用焊接。
14.如权利要求10所述的方法,包括:
把所述保护套接合到所述筛管上而不用焊接。
15.一种制造要在井下膨胀的筛管的方法,包括:
把一个筛管材料套筒放在带孔的基管上;
使所述基管膨胀;其特征在于,
由于所述膨胀把筛管材料固定到所述基管上。
16.如权利要求15所述的方法,包括:
把所述筛管材料接合到所述基管上而不用焊接。
17.如权利要求15所述的方法,包括:
在所述膨胀之前,把一个适应材料套筒放在所述筛管材料上;
由于所述膨胀,把所述适应材料固定到所述筛管材料上。
18.如权利要求15所述的方法,包括:
在所述膨胀之前,把一个适应材料套筒放在所述筛管材料上;
由于胶结把所述适应材料固定到所述筛管材料上。
19.如权利要求15所述的方法,包括:
在所述筛管材料与所述适应材料套之间提供一个保护套;
由于所述膨胀,把所述保护套固定到所述筛管材料上。
20.如权利要求17所述的方法,包括:
为所述基管上的所述适应材料提供至少一个行程挡块。
21.如权利要求17所述的方法,包括:
选择一种当暴露于井下流体一个预定时间时膨胀的用于所述适应材料的材料。
22.一种完井方法,包括:
用未受约束的适应材料覆盖至少一个井下筛管;
把所述筛管伸入到井眼中的所需要的位置;
允许所述未受约束的适应材料由于暴露于井下流体而膨胀。
23.如权利要求22所述的方法,包括:
允许所述适应材料膨胀成周围井眼的形状。
24.如权利要求22所述的方法,包括:
在把所述筛管伸入到井眼中之前通过所述筛管的向外膨胀把所述适应材料固定到所述井下筛管上。
25.如权利要求22所述的方法,包括:
由于粘结把所述适应材料固定到所述筛管材料上。
26.如权利要求23所述的方法,包括:
使所述筛管和适应材料膨胀;
通过使所述筛管的所述膨胀强迫所述适应材料沿井眼流动。
CNB038237334A 2002-08-23 2003-07-31 完井方法和制造要在井下膨胀的筛管的方法 Expired - Lifetime CN100449114C (zh)

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