CN100403804C - 根据色度参数修改部分图像的方法和设备 - Google Patents

根据色度参数修改部分图像的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN100403804C
CN100403804C CNB991269640A CN99126964A CN100403804C CN 100403804 C CN100403804 C CN 100403804C CN B991269640 A CNB991269640 A CN B991269640A CN 99126964 A CN99126964 A CN 99126964A CN 100403804 C CN100403804 C CN 100403804C
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CN1261170A (zh
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D·L·巴顿
J·R·弗雷德露德
J·D·比尔
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Mau new gate Venture Capital Co., Ltd.
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Eastman Kodak Co
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/46—Colour picture communication systems
    • H04N1/56—Processing of colour picture signals
    • H04N1/60—Colour correction or control
    • H04N1/62—Retouching, i.e. modification of isolated colours only or in isolated picture areas only
    • H04N1/628—Memory colours, e.g. skin or sky
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B27/00—Photographic printing apparatus
    • G03B27/72—Controlling or varying light intensity, spectral composition, or exposure time in photographic printing apparatus
    • G03B27/73—Controlling exposure by variation of spectral composition, e.g. multicolor printers
    • G03B27/735—Controlling exposure by variation of spectral composition, e.g. multicolor printers in dependence upon automatic analysis of the original
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
    • H04N9/64—Circuits for processing colour signals
    • H04N9/643—Hue control means, e.g. flesh tone control

Abstract

本发明提供了一种修改图像的方法和设备。该方法包括下述步骤：分析图像的数字图像文件，识别至少一个预定的色度参数；将具有所述至少一个预定色度参数的所述图像部分自动修改成第二种预定色度参数，从而制作出经修改的数字图像。利用该方法，可以根据消费者的喜好调节彩色摄影成像系统，对不同的肤色进行补偿，避免改变原始底片的色调特性或提供多种不同的底片类型。

Description

根据色度参数修改部分图像的方法和设备
技术领域
本发明涉及在再现图像时调节肤色，尤其涉及一种彩色摄影成像系统，该系统能够根据客户的喜好有选择地调节图像中个人的肤色。
背景技术
现今使用的彩色底片/正片摄影系统设计成为目标群体中的大多数人制作令人满意的照片。照片的外观特性包括再现令人满意的色调和颜色，以制作出具有良好对比度的色彩丰富的照片，还包括特别优异地再现肤色。一般来说，现有的照相系统设计成对特定的皮肤类型和喜好(例如白种人，东方人、亚洲人、印度人和/或黑种人)进行优化。一般将底片、相纸和印相机设备设计成能够为特定的市场范围提供令人满意的颜色。当用专为第二种肤色类型设计的系统给具有第一种肤色类型的人拍照时，第一种肤色类型的肤色会不如人意。例如，在为白种人设计的系统中，会使具有较黑肤色的人肤色呈现浓黑。这常常使得脸部特征在过暗的显现中丢失。
可以设计一种能对再现深色调肤色进行优化的摄影系统。这可以通过调节底片、相纸和/或印相机设备来实现。但是，这类系统不会最佳地再现浅色调的肤色。用这种方式解决问题仍然不能使一个系统再现令人满意的肤色，而不管场景中肤色的深浅如何。推销两种不同的底片会增加营销成本和存货成本，并且可能导致客户混淆使用不同系统的环境。
对于目前的照相系统，能够改善系统未设计的肤色再现的唯一选择是在印制期间调节照片色浓度和彩色平衡。这些调节中没有一个能产生较佳的照片，因为它们改变了场景中非肤色部分的再现。
授予Stephenson的美国专利第5,300,974号揭示了一种系统，该系统允许照相机用户记录彩色平衡的喜好。
授予Inoue的美国专利第5,710,954号揭示了一种系统，该系统包含一种消费者可选择较佳彩色平衡的可视图像。
授予Fredlund的美国专利第5,726,737号描述了一种系统，该系统可以控制对感光材料的洗印。
授予Kazuaki等人的美国专利第5,488,429号和第5,638,136号描述了一种对图像中的肤色进行检测的方法和设备。
因此，需要提供一种经济的摄影系统。根据消费者的喜好，可以调节该系统，对不同的肤色进行补偿，而不涉及原始底片的色调特性，或者提供多种不同的底片类型，使每种底片对应于不同的皮肤种类。还需要提供一种系统，在该系统中，消费者和/或照相馆可以手动或自动选择需要的肤色特性。
在根据本发明建立的系统中，一种解决办法是改善传统感光媒体提供的或者数字格式的图像，以便解决和/或减少现有技术的问题。在数字洗印系统中提供印制算法，用于将照片中肤色的表现改变成选定的喜好。喜好可以通过在底片处理定单上检测到的、在底片上编码的或者由洗印机自动执行的选项来获得，这里洗印机可以提供一个国家和/或世界范围内的特定肤色喜好。肤色调节可以是算法可用的一个或多个选择中的一个，或者可以从客户简表获得。
发明内容
本发明旨在克服上述一个或多个问题。概括地说，依照本发明的一个方面，提供了一种修改图像的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：a)分析图像的数字图像文件，以便识别至少一个预定的色度参数；
b)将图像中具有至少一个预定色度参数的部分修改成第二种预定色度参数，从而制作出经修改的数字图像。
依照本发明的另一方面，提供了一种用于修改数字图像的设备，该设备包括：a)分析器，用于分析图像的数字图像文件，以便识别至少一个预定的色度参数；
b)将图像中具有至少一个预定色度参数的那部分自动修改成第二种预定色度参数从而制作出经修改的数字图像的装置。
结合以下附图阅读本发明的详细描述，将更清楚本发明的上述和其它目的、优点和新特征。
附图说明
在以下叙述的本发明较佳实施例的详细描述中，参考了附图，附图有：
图1是一示意图，示出了根据本发明制造的照相印刷设备；
图2是用图1设备再现的照片。
具体实施方式
本说明书将特别描述构成本发明设备一部分的部件，或者与本发明设备直接合作的部件。应该理解，未作具体示出或描述的元件可以采用本领域熟练技术人员所知的各种形式。
参照图1，该图示出了根据本发明制造的照相印制系统10。在图示的特定实施例中，系统10包括一个小型数字印相机(digital minilab printer)12。一例合适的小型数字印相机是带有柯达数字印相机的Gretag ImagingMasterlab 740 Digital。具体地说，这种可以根据数字记录在相纸上制作照片的小型数字化印相机12使用CRT印相机。提供CPU/计算机16，用于向印相机12输入数据，并且控制小型印相机12的操作。尽管将计算机16画成与小型印相机分离，但它也可以是印相机整体的一部分。在图示的实施例中，小型印相机12具有阴极射线管18，用于将图像曝光到感光材料20(例如，感光相纸)上，然后对感光材料进行显影。当然应该理解，还可以使用任何其它所需的数字印相设备，例如包括但不限于：LED印相机，激光印相机、喷墨印相机，热印相机、电子照相印相机、或者其它数字类型的印相机。系统10还包括数字扫描仪22，用于扫描放在扫描仪上的图像，并且将信息转换成数字信号。例如，用于扫描底片的Kodak Digital Science Scanner 3500，或者用于扫描照片的Hewlett Packard Scanjet IICX是系统10可以使用的、合适的数字印相机扫描仪22和底片扫描仪24。数字图像文件还可以来自诸如KODAK DC 265数字照相机等数字照相机。在图示的实施例中，扫描仪22被设计成扫描底片，以便获得底片上图像的数字记录。在获得图像数字记录之后，用先前存储在计算机16中的合适软件将数字记录传送给印相机，以便印相机12制作照片图像。
计算机16提供的计算机算法首先判断由扫描仪22获得的图像文件中是否存在皮肤色调。这是通过用标准色度技术确定扫描仪22扫描得到的图像象素色度值来实现的。色度测量是对颜色的测量。当某一物体在一组特定观察条件下出现在一般观察者面前时，该物体基于所测色度参数的一组色度参数可以使物体的颜色量化。美国专利第5,528,339号描述的技术可以用来识别适用于本发明的图像色度值，该专利的整个内容按参考资料在此引入。算法是针对各种类型的肤色用一组色度参数预先编程的。可以为每种需要的皮肤类型(例如，白种人，东方人、亚洲人、印度人、和/或黑人)设置预定的色度值。由此，可以有选择地识别扫描仪22获得的图像部分。在确定一特定部分具有某一特定肤色后，下一步是将肤色修改成特定的色调和/或颜色。最好，将图像的类型和来源输入计算机16中，例如，被扫描感光媒体的制造商、被扫描媒体的类型(它是否为相纸或胶片，等)、和/或从中获得图像的媒体的颜色特性。可以将各种媒体制造商之各种已知媒体的颜色特性预先编程到算法中。然后将如此识别的部分修改为预先选择的色度值，色度值的选择是由照相馆或消费者的喜好来确定的。将选定的喜好预先编程到算法中，或者由照片冲印馆的工作人员或消费者输入。算法根据选定的喜好修改数字文件。然后，将修改后的图像传送给印相机，将其印在感光媒体上。算法可以选取唯一可用的一种替换再现调节，诸如深色调肤色调节。或者，算法可以根据消费者的选项或者被拍摄景色中肤色的个性或浓淡，诸如按照种族和肤色深浅，在一组可用的替换再现调节中进行选择。可用的调节包括客户指定的定制选项，由客户作为简表建立。
当算法改变约定的肤色再现时，调节可以包括照片色度或彩色平衡偏差，或者最好包括对数字拍摄图像应用参数矩阵或参数的三维表。由于参数的三维表允许在改变肤色时不改变图像中剩余的颜色，所以它是较佳的实施方案。还可以在象素值是肤色时，仅利用矩阵改变场景内肤色的颜色再现。
较佳的调节通常包括减少肤色的多色性，并且降低肤色颜色区域中再现的对比度。一般地说，最好在图像中保持中性灰度，同时将肤色调节到较佳色度状态。但是，客户者喜欢的任何调节都可以实现。
为了更好地理解本发明，下面简要描述它的工作过程。参照图2，该图示出了底片30的一部分，上面有图像场景32。在图示的特定实施例中，场景32包括各种物体和个人。场景32包括具有第一种肤色的第一个人34、具有第二种肤色的第二个人36、篮球38，以及以蓝天42和绿草44为背景的球棒40。在图示的实施例中，个人34具有白种人的肤色，而个人36具有黑种人的肤色。把底片30放在扫描仪上，获取图像场景32的数字记录文件，并将文件传送给计算机16。用预先存储在计算机中的算法对图像数据进行色度分析，并且如预定色度参数所规定的那样，识别肤色。一旦识别了图像的肤色部分，即根据选定的肤色特性修改场景图像中所有被识别的肤色区域。例如，如果对场景图像进行再现的冲印馆处于黑种人占多数的区域，或者要求再现的人是黑种人，那么可以对算法编程，根据最适合黑种人肤色的色度参数，仅修改被识别的肤色区。通过核对照片定单上的合适方框，确定客户的选择，或者由分析来自扫描仪的图像数据以便识别特殊人种肤色的算法自动激活选择算法。当然应该理解，可以对所有图像施加一个、一些和/或所有肤色的修改。
本发明提供了令消费者满意的照片，无论照片场景中肤色深浅如何。由于全世界一般使用相同的底片和相纸，所以在数字照相冲印系统中引入数字图像处理算法，可以按照相馆的需要或客户的选择，相对于预定的场景再现自动或手动地改变外观特性。本发明不需要在世界范围内提供不同的底片类型，以包容局域的偏爱。另外，本发明只修改包含肤色的区域，而图像其余部分保持色彩完整。本发明还能将场景中的不止一种肤色改变为喜欢的色调。

Claims (7)

1.一种用于修改图像的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
a)分析图像的数字图像文件，以便识别至少一个第一预定色度参数；
b)将所述图像中具有所述至少一个第一预定色度参数的那部分修改成第二预定色度参数，从而制作出经修改的数字图像，
其中所述第一预定色度参数是肤色。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一预定色度参数是自动确定的。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括下述步骤：印制、存储、或者传递所述经修改的数字图像文件。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在一个场景中识别两个第一预定色度参数。
5.一种用于修改数字图像的设备，其特征在于，包括：
a)分析器，用于分析图像的数字图像文件，以便识别至少一个第一预定色度参数；
b)将所述图像中具有所述至少一个第一预定色度参数的那部分自动修改成第二预定色度参数从而制作出经修改的数字图像的装置，
其中，所述第一预定色度参数是肤色。
6.如权利要求5所述的用于修改数字图像的设备，其特征在于，还包括用于印制所述经修改图像的印相机。
7.如权利要求6所述的用于修改数字图像的设备，其特征在于，所述印相机是用于印制到感光媒体上的数字印相机。
CNB991269640A 1998-12-21 1999-12-21 根据色度参数修改部分图像的方法和设备 Expired - Lifetime CN100403804C (zh)

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