CN100393177C - 带有电调节色彩平衡的led光源 - Google Patents

带有电调节色彩平衡的led光源 Download PDF

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CN100393177C
CN100393177C CNB018056393A CN01805639A CN100393177C CN 100393177 C CN100393177 C CN 100393177C CN B018056393 A CNB018056393 A CN B018056393A CN 01805639 A CN01805639 A CN 01805639A CN 100393177 C CN100393177 C CN 100393177C
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led
color
light output
light
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S·穆图
张劲
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Abstract

根据被安排测量阵列中至少多个LED的光输出的单个光电二极管的测量结果，以电子方式控制白光发射LED光源的组合光输出(色度)。这是通过分别测量时间脉冲序列中每种颜色的LED光输出实现的。对于红色、绿色和蓝色LED的阵列，在测量序列中有三个时间脉冲。在每个时间脉冲期间，用于被测颜色的电流被断开。典型的光电二极管的响应时间是极其短的，使得测量序列可在足够短的时间内完成，以致观察者将未检测到它(例如，10ms)。测量到的颜色的光输出与可被用户控制器设置的所希望的输出作比较，如果必要，就进行对颜色块电源的改变。这样色度被自动地控制而不考虑可能使它变化的因素。用户输入准许将所希望的色度改变为，例如，暖白(较多的红色输出)或凉白(较多的蓝色输出)。

Description

带有电调节色彩平衡的LED光源
技术领域
本发明涉及一种带有发光二极管(LED)阵列的光源，更具体而言，涉及一种带有用于调节单个部件以保持所希望的色彩平衡(色度)的控制系统的白光发射源。
背景技术
美国专利No.5,301,090公开了一种LED光源，具有包括红、绿和蓝颜色中每一种的多个LED的LED阵列。将每种颜色的LED并联，并用分离的电源供电，在阵列上提供扩散屏。通过用于各种颜色的三个按钮由人工控制组合件的色度。
LED并不是均匀发光的；对于给定的驱动电流，光输出是逐片变化的，在每片的使用期限内也是改变的。光输出还随温度反向变化，但对于每种颜色并不是均匀的。最后，在一种给定颜色的LED块中，如果一个或多个LED损坏，该光输出将变化。给出所有的可以影响任何LED阵列的色彩平衡的因素后，希望能够自动地监测和调节色彩平衡，特别是在白光发射源中。
以基于给定彩色的温度中，来控制LED阵列的电流是已知的，例如在交通灯中。这种方案在具有多种颜色的LED的光源中是麻烦的，因为对于各种颜色的温度(因而也就是光强度)并不是均匀改变的。美国专利6,127,783描述了通过利用单一的光电检测器分别读出红、绿和蓝信道来监测一个由红、绿和蓝LED组成的白光源的色彩平衡。在每个测量周期内，将两种颜色在毫秒周期内断开，而测量第三种颜色的强度。已发现这种技术要引起看得出来的闪烁。
以前提交的美国专利申请09/663,050试图通过只在其他颜色被断开以前和以后稍稍增加其他颜色的强度的办法来解决这个问题。然而，对用户引起不舒服的可看得出来的闪烁仍然存在。
发明内容
能够自动控制白光发射光源的色度，而不考虑引起各种颜色的光输出改变的因素将是所希望的。
能够自动地控制色度，而不必求助于一种谱分解光测量系统，如用于各种颜色中每一种的光电二极管和滤色器将也是所希望的。
另外，在消除对于用户不舒服的测量周期期间消除任何可看得出来的闪烁也是所希望的。
本发明提出了一种光源，包括：
-LED的阵列，在多种颜色的每一种内包括至少一个LED；
-用于对每个所述的颜色中所述的LED供应电流的装置，所述的电流包括具有测量周期的测量驱动脉冲，其中测量周期包括“断开”部分，每种所述的颜色中所述的LED具有光输出，以致于所述的光输出在通常的操作期间具有额定的连续光输出值，并在所述的“断开”部分期间被中断，而且当电流被供应给该阵列中所有的LED时，该阵列具有组合的光输出；
-光电二极管，被安排成测量该阵列中的至少一个LED的光输出；和
-用于对每种所述颜色中的LED选择性地断开电流的装置，使得所述的光电二极管为了响应所述的测量驱动脉冲而单独地测量对于每种颜色的光输出。
本发明还提出了一种用于在光源中在驱动LED的阵列的同时自动调节色平衡的方法，其中在多种颜色的每一种内包括至少一个LED，所述方法包括以下步骤：
-a)对每个所述的颜色中所述的LED供应电流，使得所述的LED具有光输出，该光输出在通常的操作期间具有额定的连续值；
-b)测量所述的LED的阵列的第一光能级；
-c)对其中一种颜色中的LED，断开所述的电流；
-d)测量其余具有电流供应的所述的LED的阵列的第二光能级；
-e)通过确定第一光能级和第二光能级之间的差来确定所述其中一种颜色中的LED的光输出。
在一个实施例中，在测量周期期间的平均光输出等于在所述的通常的操作期间额定的连续光输出值，以避免可见的闪烁。
在另一个实施例中，其中所述的测量驱动脉冲进一步包括在所述的“断开”部分之后和/或之前的提升部分。其中所述的提升部分大于所述额定的连续光输出值的100％并小于所述额定的连续光输出值的130％。所述的提升部分的持续时间近似为5毫秒，并且所述的“断开”部分的持续时间是2毫秒。
依据本发明，合光输出(色度)根据安排的单一的光电二极管所做的测量测量电控制由光发射LED光源的组合光输出(色度)，以测量在阵列中至少多个LED的光输出。是通过在时间脉冲序列中分别测量每种颜色的LED的光输出完成的。对于一个红、绿和蓝的LED阵列，在一个测量序列中有三个时间脉冲。在每个时间脉冲期间，将正在测量的颜色的电源断开。一种典型的光电二极管的响应时间是极其短的，所以可以在观测者将检测不出它的足够短的时间内完成测量过程(例如10ms)。
将测量到的颜色的光输出与所希望的输出作比较，所希望的输出可由用户控制来设置，如果必要的话，完成对于颜色块电源的改变。因此自动地控制色度而不考虑可能引起它变化的因素。用户输入准许将所希望的色度改变为例如暖白色(较多的红色输出)或凉白色(较多的蓝色输出)。
为了在加温阶段期间更好地补偿与温度有关的变化，该电子控制电路可在加温期间更频繁地进行测量过程，在达到一个稳定的工作温度以后，为了补偿LED中长时间的变化不太频繁地测量就足够了。
在每种颜色的LED并联的场合，在下一个测量序列期间改变对其余的LED的电流可以自动地补偿一个LED的损坏。
依据本发明的一种实施方案，LED阵列由一种电流供电源驱动，包括具有至少一个“断开”部分的测量驱动脉冲。每种颜色的LED具有在通常的工作期间具有额定的连续值，在“断开”部分期间被中断的光输出。当电流由电流供电源供给时，LED阵列有一种组合的光输出。首先，光电二极管测量在阵列中所有LED的光输出。其次，有选择地断开对于LED之一的电流，使得该光电二极管根据测量驱动脉冲来测量其余颜色的光输出。LED光输出的测量由第一光极和第二光级之间的差来确定。
附图说明
通过随后的附图和描述本发明这些和其他的优点将变得更加明显。
图1是依据本发明的一种光源的实施方案的断面图，利用一种光纤光传感器；
图2是图1的光源的简图；
图3是用于图1的光源中的控制器的一种逻辑顺序图；
图4是一种光反馈系统的定时图；
图5是一种被修改的DC/DC变换器的简图，包括一个小的滤波器电感；
图6示出一种测量驱动序列；
图7A示出一种在断开部分以后带有补偿脉冲的测量驱动序列；
图7B示出一种在断开部分以前带有补偿脉冲的测量驱动序列；和
图7C示出一种在断开部分以前和以后带有补偿脉冲的测量驱动序列。
具体实施方式
参考图1，依据本发明的LED光源包括一个两维的LED阵列10，12，14。在多种颜色的每一种中包括多个LED。在目前情况下，阵列包括红色LED10，绿色LED12，和蓝色LED14，安装在机座18中连线的衬底16上。LED被安排成这样，使得整个光输出将是白色的；安装在机座18上的扩散器22被提供以便增强混合。其他颜色的LED，如淡黄色可被用于增强混合选项。混合光学装置可以包括扩散器以外的装置。
单个光电二极管24被安排成感知阵列中所有LED的光强度。图1中沿着机座18的长度延伸的光纤发送光到光电二极管24，产生通过反馈线26用于控制器30的相应的电流信号。对于小的阵列，每个阵列的光电二极管代替图1中所描述的光纤方案。
再参考图2，控制器30将来自光电二极管24的反馈转换成色彩点的测量，与通过用户输入40所提供的所希望的设置作比较。根据比较结果，控制器30决定是否所希望的色彩平衡是存在的，因此发信号给各个二极管10，12，14的LED驱动器/电流调节器11，13，15。来自电源变换器50的电源输入被转换成电流输出，控制各种颜色，红、绿和蓝的光强度，以获得所希望的色彩平衡。用于阵列的每种颜色的二极管被通过在衬底16上连线保持在公共的电位上。用于所设计的设置的用户控制器包括用于各种颜色的输入41，42，43，和控制所得的白光的总强度的调光器44。
图3示出用于图中的光源的控制逻辑。当灯被打开(31)时，电源被提供给LED，一种测量序列被启动(32)，彩色点测量与按照用户的调节(35)存储的所希望的设置作比较(33)。根据这种比较，确定(36)是否色彩调节有必要，如果是的，进行调节(37)并重复(32)测量序列。如果确定色彩调节并无必要(36)，控制器在重复测量序列(32)以前将等待预先确定的测量间隔(38)。
图4是用作说明在光源被接通时执行的控制逻辑的定时图。四条轨迹中最高的是测量信号，由三个脉冲的序列(测量序列)组成，被时间间隔(测量间隔)分开。在第一脉冲期间，红色的LED被断开，使得光电二极管可以测量绿色和蓝色的LED的组合光强度；在第二脉冲期间，绿色LED被断开，使得光电二极管可以测量红色和蓝色LED的光强度；在第三脉冲期间，蓝色LED被断开，使得光电二极管可以测量红色和绿色的LED的组合光强度。然后控制电子设备将测量到的强度与所希望的强度作比较，如果必要的话，对一组或多组LED的电流进行调节。
典型的光电二极管的响应时间是极其短的，每个脉冲可以是如此之短，以致观测者将检测不到它，例如，1.0ms。因此，测量序列可以在光源的正常操作期间执行。测量间隔的长度取决于光输出变化的快慢。这取决于，例如，LED的温度是如何快速地变化。它可以在从每分钟或以下到每几小时的范围内；控制逻辑可以在启动以后迅速对频繁的测量编程，当稳定的工作温度达到时，随后是较不频繁的测量。
光源能够对每种颜色包括一个以上的LED串，单独地测量串的输出。在每种情况下，最好根据序列中所有的测量结果调节色彩平衡，而不是只根据相应的光输出调节各种颜色。
以上只是示范性的例子而不是指望限制随后的权利要求的范围。
虽然以上参考图4提到的每个通道中的驱动脉冲是非常短的，例如，在1-2ms的数量级，许多观测者可能仍然注意到发射出的光中的闪烁。这是由于人眼通过将大约15msec的时间间隔内眼中接收到的光的积累对光的响应。因此，灵敏的眼睛可以观察出在短到400μs期间内光的中断。因而，希望将测量序列中每个断开周期缩短到400μs或以下。这是通过在DC/DC电源中包含小的滤波器电容(如图5中所示)，以便产生快速断开和接通能力来达到。
参考图5，一个DC/DC变换器系统49在LED光源10，12，14和一个小的滤波器电容52之间包括一个小的滤波器电感51，以减少对于LED光源的断开时间。这将有助于消除可看得出的闪烁并容易被实现。因为断开时间短，在测量周期内周围的光的变化可以最小，来自测量的周围光的消除是比较精确的。
一种用于减少LED光源的断开时间的替代的实施方案是将测量周期限制到15毫秒以下。这个周期低于人眼的积累时间，因而将是看不出来的。图6描述用于红色LED光源10的参考电流，通过红色的LED10的电流，和周期小于15毫秒的光电传感器24的输出。因为测量序列具有周期性的形式，可以利用数字电路实现。
也可以直接地提供对于闪烁的补偿。如果来自测量之下的光源的光输出被增加，使得在测量周期期间被眼睛看到的平均光保持不变，人眼将观察不到闪烁。
依据本发明的这种实施方案，在每个测量序列期间每个通道的驱动脉冲被改变，以适应这些可能的闪烁。图7A和7B示出依据本发明的一个测量序列期间的一种示范性测量驱动脉冲。因而，测量驱动脉冲包括在断开周期以前(图7A)和以后的提升部分。不管脉冲的位置如何闪烁不出现。此外，有三种约束影响每个测量驱动脉冲的选择。首先，每个脉冲的提升部分最好尽可能低，以避免对LED的任何长时间的危险。其次，断开或中断周期最好尽可能长，以便以较便宜的部件实现精确的测量。其三，提升部分和断开周期的整个序列最好是大约15msec，以便避免可见的人工产物。
依据本发明的一种实施方案，如图7C所示，一种提供在LED中稳定出现的光级的测量驱动脉冲，包括5msec的额定光输出的120％的提升部分，随后是2msec的完全中断电流，随后是另一个5msec的额定光输出的120％的提升部分。
依据本发明的另一种实施方案，驱动脉冲序列是对称的，使得序列中的两个提升部分表现出相同的幅度和持续时间，虽然本发明在这方面并没有限制范围。例如，依据本发明的又一种实施方案测量驱动脉冲包括由一个断开周期随后的第一提升部分组成的两个组分。而且，依据本发明的原理可以采用具有至少一个提升部分和一个断开部分的其他形状的测量驱动脉冲。最好，脉冲被这样选取，使得在人眼的积累时间内，也就是大约15msec。被驱动的LED的平均光级是与通常操作期间额定的连续值是相同的。
依据本发明的一种实施方案，光输出近似与驱动电流成比例，使得在驱动电流中特定百分数的增加对应于在光输出中成比例的增加。因此，例如，如果希望将光输出水平增加到如图6A中所示的120％，电流的增加也是预先确定的百分数，如120％。因此，可以采用一种测量驱动脉冲序列，对于所有的驱动水平包括一个特定的电流提升百分数。
然而，LED并不一定在所有的工作电流上在光输出水平的变化和驱劝电流的变化之间表现出成比较的关系。因而，依据本发明的另一种实施方案，为了在测量序列期间保持恒定的光输出水平方面达到更好的精确度，对于光源标定光与电流的关系，提升电流值被这样选取，使得在所有的工作水平上将光的水平平均为额定的dc水平。为了存储已标定的电流对光输出的关系，智能控制电路30被配置，包括一个数据库，提供对于在工作条件范围内光输出水平方面任何所希望的变化必需的电流变化量。

Claims (13)

1.一种光源，包括：
-LED(10，12，14)的阵列，在多种颜色的每一种内包括至少一个LED；
-用于对每个所述的颜色中所述的LED供应电流的装置(50)，所述的电流包括具有测量周期的测量驱动脉冲，其中测量周期包括“断开”部分，每种所述的颜色中所述的LED具有光输出，以致于所述的光输出在通常的操作期间具有额定的连续光输出值，并在所述的“断开”部分期间被中断，而且当电流被供应给该阵列中所有的LED时，该阵列具有组合的光输出；
-光电二极管(24)，被安排成测量该阵列中的至少一个LED的光输出；和
-用于对每种所述颜色中的LED选择性地断开电流的装置(30)，使得所述的光电二极管为了响应所述的测量驱动脉冲而单独地测量对于每种颜色的光输出。
2.依据权利要求1的光源，其中在测量周期期间的平均光输出等于在所述的通常的操作期间额定的连续光输出值，以避免可见的闪烁。
3.依据权利要求2的光源，其中所述的测量驱动脉冲进一步包括在所述的“断开”部分之后和/或之前的提升部分。
4.依据权利要求3的光源，其中所述的提升部分大于所述额定的连续光输出值的100％并小于所述额定的连续光输出值的130％。
5.依据权利要求4的光源，其中所述的提升部分的持续时间近似为5毫秒，并且所述的“断开”部分的持续时间是2毫秒。
6.依据权利要求2的光源，还包括用于存储将LED驱动电流变化与LED光输出变化相关联的已校准值的装置。
7.依据权利要求1的光源，其中用于对每个所述的颜色中所述的LED供应电流的装置(50)进一步包括用于对每个单独的LED供应电流的分离装置(11，13，15)。
8.依据权利要求1的光源，其中测量驱动脉冲还包括至少一个提升部分。
9.一种用于在光源中在驱动LED(10，12，14)的阵列的同时自动调节色平衡的方法，其中在多种颜色的每一种内包括至少一个LED，所述方法包括以下步骤：
-a)对每个所述的颜色中所述的LED供应电流，使得所述的LED具有光输出，该光输出在通常的操作期间具有额定的连续值；
-b)测量所述的LED的阵列的第一光能级；
-c)对其中一种颜色中的LED，断开所述的电流；
-d)测量其余具有电流供应的所述的LED(10，12，14)的阵列的第二光能级；
-e)通过确定第一光能级和第二光能级之间的差来确定所述其中一种颜色中的LED的光输出。
10.依据权利要求9的方法，其中对于每种颜色中的LED(10，12，14)，临时地周期性地重复所述步骤b、步骤c、步骤d和步骤e。
11.依据权利要求10的方法，其中可将每种颜色中的LED以微秒的量级断开，以避免可见的闪烁。
12.依据权利要求10的方法，其中测量的周期可以利用低于人眼积累时间的周期来实现。
13.依据权利要求10的方法，其中在周期性的重复期间，平均光输出保持恒定。
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