CN100373859C - 具有自动总线检测的手持诊断和通信设备 - Google Patents

具有自动总线检测的手持诊断和通信设备 Download PDF

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CN100373859C
CN100373859C CNB038106760A CN03810676A CN100373859C CN 100373859 C CN100373859 C CN 100373859C CN B038106760 A CNB038106760 A CN B038106760A CN 03810676 A CN03810676 A CN 03810676A CN 100373859 C CN100373859 C CN 100373859C
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CN1653399A (zh
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戴尔·W·伯格森
莫伊塞斯·A·德拉克鲁兹
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Fisher Rosemount Systems Inc
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/18Protocol analysers
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/418Total factory control, i.e. centrally controlling a plurality of machines, e.g. direct or distributed numerical control [DNC], flexible manufacturing systems [FMS], integrated manufacturing systems [IMS], computer integrated manufacturing [CIM]
    • G05B19/4183Total factory control, i.e. centrally controlling a plurality of machines, e.g. direct or distributed numerical control [DNC], flexible manufacturing systems [FMS], integrated manufacturing systems [IMS], computer integrated manufacturing [CIM] characterised by data acquisition, e.g. workpiece identification
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B23/00Testing or monitoring of control systems or parts thereof
    • G05B23/02Electric testing or monitoring
    • G05B23/0205Electric testing or monitoring by means of a monitoring system capable of detecting and responding to faults
    • G05B23/0208Electric testing or monitoring by means of a monitoring system capable of detecting and responding to faults characterized by the configuration of the monitoring system
    • G05B23/0213Modular or universal configuration of the monitoring system, e.g. monitoring system having modules that may be combined to build monitoring program; monitoring system that can be applied to legacy systems; adaptable monitoring system; using different communication protocols
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/40Bus networks
    • H04L12/40006Architecture of a communication node
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30Nc systems
    • G05B2219/31From computer integrated manufacturing till monitoring
    • G05B2219/31129Universal interface for different fieldbus protocols
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30Nc systems
    • G05B2219/36Nc in input of data, input key till input tape
    • G05B2219/36159Detachable or portable programming unit, display, pc, pda
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/40Bus networks
    • H04L2012/4026Bus for use in automation systems
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P90/00Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
    • Y02P90/02Total factory control, e.g. smart factories, flexible manufacturing systems [FMS] or integrated manufacturing systems [IMS]

Abstract

提供了一种手持通信和诊断工具(22)。该工具(22)能够自动地检测到过程控制环(18)的连接,以及检测与其相连的环(18)的类型,而实质上不会干扰环(18)上的消息传送。一旦该工具(22)确定了与其相连的环(18)的类型,该工具提供适合于该特定类型的适当通信和诊断。

Description

具有自动总线检测的手持诊断和通信设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种过程控制和测量。更具体地,本发明涉及一种与过程控制测量系统结合使用的手持诊断和通信设备。
背景技术
手持通信是公知的。这样的通信器的一个示例是型号275的干线可寻址远程传感器(Highway Addressable Remote Transducer)(HART)通信器。HART通信器是手持设备,用于向所有HART兼容、基于微处理器的设备提供公用通信链路。HART通信器与HART兼容设备相接,并且利用用于提供添加在4-20毫安的标准发射器电流环上的高频数字信号的Bell 202移频键控(FSK)技术来进行通信。HART通信器提供了多种已知的诊断和通信功能,这些功能便于处理设备的维护。事实上,HART通信器通过访问历史配置来使规定文档准备(regulatorydocumentation preparation)更为简化,并且作为所发现的数据/作为留下的数据。尽管将HART型号275通信器识别为有价值的事物,以维护处理控制设备,但是,其在这一点上略微受到限制。具体地,只能结合HART兼容处理设备来利用型号275。另外的工具还可用于其他过程工业协议,但是到目前为止,还没有人提出一种能够结合具有不同物理层规范的过程工业协议使用的有效手持设备。
在采用根据变化的物理层规范来通信的过程设备的过程控制配置中,将迫使维护人员携带协议专用的手持设备,以便与不同协议的每个设备进行交互。尽管这样的情况是不理想的,但是解决方案或者在于对单一过程工业协议进行标准化,或者同时利用一组过程工业协议设备来工作。
能够在具有不同物理规范的不同过程通信环上操作的手持设备将便于过程设备维护,并且允许操作人员访问变化的设备,而不一定必须携带多个手持通信和诊断设备到处跑(参见本申请的父申请US6,859,755)。构建这样的设备的一个主要技术障碍在于不同的物理层规范自身。例如,事实上,如果在需要不同规范的过程控制环上被采用,适合于根据一种物理层规范来进行通信的设备可能会造成损坏。解决上述技术障碍并提供用于不同的物理层规范的设备将会极大地简化过程控制设备的维护。
发明内容
提供了一种手持通信和诊断工具。该工具能够自动地检测到过程控制环的连接,以及检测与其相连的过程控制环的类型,而实质上不会干扰过程控制环上的消息传送。一旦该工具确定了与其相连的过程控制环的类型,该工具提供适合于该特定类型的适当通信和诊断。
附图说明
图1是本发明的实施例对其特别有用的过程测量和控制系统的示意图。
图2是根据本发明实施例的手持通信和诊断设备的一部分的系统方框图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了其中使用了本发明的实施例的典型系统。系统10包括控制器12、I/O和控制子系统14、本质安全(IS)阻挡器(intrinsicsafety barrier)16、过程控制环18和现场设备20。控制器12通过链路21与I/O和控制子系统14相连,链路21可以是任何适当链路,诸如根据以太网信号传送协议或其他任何协议操作的局域网(LAN)。I/O和控制子系统14与本质安全阻挡器16相连,结果,本质安全阻挡器16与过程控制环18相连,以按照限制通过其的能量的方式来允许过程控制环18与I/O和控制子系统14之间的数据通信。
在该图示中,过程通信或过程控制环18是FOUNDATIONTM现场总线过程通信环,并且与现场设备20相连,如图所示,现场设备20按照多引入线(multi-drop)结构与过程控制环18相连。可选的过程通信(或过程控制)环(未示出)是HART过程控制环。HART协议利用移频键控(FSK)原理来操作,该原理基于Bell202通信标准。数字信号由分别表示比特1和0的两个频率1200赫兹和2200赫兹构成。HART配置可以按照所谓的点到点结构以及多引入线结构来进行操作。图1示出了多引入线接线结构,与诸如星形拓扑等其他拓扑相比,极大地简化了系统接线。多引入线HART配置支持最多15个设备,而多引入线现场总线配置支持最多32个设备。
手持通信器和诊断设备22与过程控制环18相连,如图1所示。当如图所示,与过程控制环相连时,设备22可以执行在其父申请中所阐明的许多通信和诊断功能。另外,设备22可以按照与当前可用的HART型号275通信器所能够的方式相同的方式,与HART过程控制环(未示出)相连并与其交互。为了符合HART和FOUNDATIONTM现场总线物理层(PHY)传送操作的各种不同的描述,以及符合本质安全要求,在设备22上提供单独的网络连接,用于HART和现场总线连接。
图2是根据本发明实施例的设备22的一部分的方框图。设备22包括三个网络连接端子、两个正端子(24A、24C)和单个公用端子(24B)。正端子24A和公用端子24B用于将设备22与HART网络相连。另一正端子(24C)和公用端子24B用于将设备22与FOUNDATIONTM现场总线网络相连。为了便于符合本质安全要求和同时符合HART和现场总线协议的不同物理层传送操作,使用单独的网络连接。符合本质安全要求意味着符合由制造厂合作研究在1998年10月所规定的标准的一个或多个部分,标题为“APPROVAL STANDARD INTRINSICALLY SAFE APPARATUS ANDASSOCIATED APPARATUS FOR USE IN CLASS I,II AND III,DIVISION1 HAZARDOUS(CLASSIFIED)LOCATIONS,CLASS NUMBER 3610。
当利用HART过程控制环进行操作时,设备22不必作为直流(DC)的汇点或源。为了满足该要求,设计该HART物理层电路(还被称为HARTMAU)26,以便按照与当前可用的HART型号275施加这样的电压的相同方式,将电压信号施加在过程控制环18上。
为了满足针对FOUNDATIONTM现场总线的本质安全要求,设备22必须不能将任何能量注入过程控制环18。为了满足该要求,FOUNDATIONTM现场总线物理层电路(这里也被称为现场总线MAU 28)将构成大约20毫安的DC电流(优选地,例如,使用分路电流调节器)的汇点,然后在消息传送期间,以大约+/-8毫安来调制该电流。由于两个协议具有两种基本不同(且冲突)的通信方式,设备22的电路决不能作为HART过程控制环的汇点电流,也不会将能量(施加电压)注入到FOUNDATIONTM现场总线网络中。
由于设备22包括针对不同过程控制环的单独连接和介质接入电路(26,28),因此,用户可能会将设备22与错误网络相连(例如,将HART MAU 26与FOUNDATIONTM现场总线网络相连,反之亦然)。为了处理这样的用户差错,设备22确保了在初始连接时,介质接入单元(MAU的)保持被动,而不尝试调制网络介质。
设备22包括由四个测量信号条件(signal conditioning)电路构成的测量电路,一个用于HART MAU(26),而三个用于现场总线MAU28。此外,HART测量电路30和现场总线测量电路32均具有能够构成来自网络的小幅度短持续时间电流的汇点的电路。在该实施例中,FOUNDATIONTM现场总线测量信号条件电路32包括三个测量条件电路(统称为现场总线测量电路32),用于量度FOUNDATIONTM现场总线网络连接器(24B,24C)上的电压信号以测量DC电压、通信信号幅度、以及网络或环噪声。HART测量电路30包括测量网络上的DC电压的电路。这四个信号条件电路均馈入控制逻辑块34。控制逻辑块34包括与模拟数字转换器36相连的复用器。由微处理器38通过16比特并行总线40来访问控制逻辑块34。
当首先启用设备22时,微处理器38命令模拟数字转换器36交替地监视HART和现场总线网络连接端子上的DC电压。在该状态期间,设备22将不会以任何方式(即,作为电流的汇点/源或施加电压)来干扰网络(这里被称为过程控制环)。如果不存在任何网络连接,则在两个网络连接上,测量到的电压将接近零。当MAU端子之一与过程控制环相连(即,通过连接24A和24B或24C和24B)时,将在一个MAU上测量DC电压,而在另一个上不测量。在FOUNDATIONTM现场总线环连接将使在大约9和32伏特DC之间的电压得到测量的同时,HART过程控制环将使大约12和50伏特DC之间的电压得到测量。优选地,选择环连接端子的机械设计,从而不能够同时将HART和FOUNDATIONTM现场总线接入单元(MAU)26、28与过程控制环相连。该机械配置确保了如果在一个介质接入单元上测量到DC电压,在另一个上将不存在DC电压。
一旦识别了DC电压,则测量其极性以确定是否环连接引线是否已正确连接。具体地,如果在公用引线24B和引线24A和24C之一之间所测量到的DC电压具有负极性,则意味着环连接引线被反转。微处理器38通过在41处所示出的Com-1向主机处理器(未示出)发送消息,并且该主机处理器将显示用于通知用户必须反转该环连接的消息。
如上所示,在HART和现场总线过程控制环上所使用的操作DC电压之间存在重叠。因此,不能够使用单独的DC电压来可靠地表示设备22与其相连的环的类型。为了确定过程控制环的类型,实际上,设备22测量过程控制环(优选地,具有合理DC电压和正确引线极性)的DC阻抗。设备22通过在非常短的持续时间内(例如5微秒)构成1mA的电流汇点,测量网络DC阻抗。该干扰产生了沿过程控制环的电压脉冲,与过程控制环自身的DC阻抗成比例。在HART和FOUNDATIONTM现场总线过程控制环之间存在阻抗区分范围。设备22响应其所产生的干扰而观察到的信号还包含任何HART或FOUNDATIONTM现场总线通信信号,可能会存在于过程控制环上。利用适当的低通滤波器对信号自身进行滤波,从而仅通过设备22来观察短持续时间脉冲的效果。
模拟数字转换器36测量相关干扰的幅度。模拟数字转换器36测量相关干扰的电压幅度。根据该电压测量可以计算出网络的阻抗。FOUNDATIONTM现场总线网络将具有大约50欧姆的计算出的阻抗。HART网络将具有大于大约125欧姆的计算出的阻抗。如果所检测到的环类型不同于设备22与其相连的介质接入单元(MAU),则微处理器38将通过Coml(41)向主机处理器发送差错消息,以告知操作人员将网络连接改变到正确的介质接入单元。如果检测到的网络或过程控制环类型与设备22的介质接入单元相同,则能够处理正常通信。
在该实施例中,尽管设备22与过程控制环相连并进行通信,但是,优选地,设备22可以进行多个诊断测量。例如,微处理器38可以周期性地测量DC环电压,以确保其保持正确且恒定。在DC环电压中的任何显著变化都将指示环上的出错或阻抗错误状态。
优选地,该现场总线测量电路32提供了针对操作网络或过程控制环的附加测量诊断。优选地,通信信号的AC测量具有滤波器,能够测量现场总线过程控制环上的消息幅度。噪声测量电路也测量AC电压,但是具有更低的通频带,并且进行优化,以测量60和120赫兹噪声的幅度。
如以上按照不同实施例所述,设备22提供了相对于已知手持设备的多个重要优点。具体地,设备22可以自动地检测到一对环连接端子的环连接。另外,设备22可以自动检测何时不适当地进行了环连接,以警告用户反转极性。另外,设备22能够自动检测与设备22相连并且对设备22进行响应以适合与其进行通信的过程控制环的类型。
设备22还能够提供针对与其相连的环的多个诊断。具体地,设备22可以测量DC网络电压、信号幅度(针对FOUNDATIONTM现场总线消息)和低频噪声幅度。另外,对于FOUNDATIONTM现场总线诊断,设备22能够测量现场总线强度的幅度,并将其与连接到网络上的具体设备隔离。因此,用户能够确定与FOUNDATIONTM现场总线网络或环相连的设备的健康状态(health),或确定在网络的端接处是否存在问题。另外,优选地,设备22可以进行在其父申请中所阐明的FOUNDATIONTM现场总线诊断。优选地,设备22还能够提供与在FOUNDATIONTM现场总线网络上所存在的端接器的数量相关的指示。
在一个实施例中,如图2所示,优选地,设备22还具有存储器,诸如非易失性存储器42和易失性存储器44。可以使用配备在设备22内的存储器来保存所有检测到的消息差错的日志、以及所有条目查询。该差错可以与过程控制环上的特定过程设备或接收节点关联。可以在时间上收集信息,并且将提供环以及相连节点的健康状态的有效指示。在一些实施例中,非易夫性存储器42是闪速存储器,并且存储了便于更高级的诊断功能的程序指令。这样的更高级诊断包括监视在FOUNDATIONTM现场总线段上操作的环的控制状态,和/或仿真控制环中的特定功能块,以便帮助对网络上的其他设备进行故障检测。
尽管已经针对优选实施例对本发明进行了描述,但是本领域的技术人员将会意识到,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下,可以进行形式和细节上的改变。例如,尽管本发明的实施例描述了HART测量电路仅测量DC环电压,但是该电路还可以适合于测量通信信号幅度和噪声。

Claims (14)

1.一种手持诊断和通信设备,包括:
第一介质接入单元,适合于根据第一物理层规范在过程控制环上进行通信,所述第一介质接入单元与第一端子组相连;
第二介质接入单元,适合于根据第二物理层规范在过程控制环上进行通信,所述第二介质接入单元与第二端子组相连;
测量电路,与第一和第二介质接入单元相连;以及
与测量电路相连的处理器,适合于与所述测量电路交互以自动检测第一和第二端子组之一之间的连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于:所述处理器适合于与所述测量电路交互,以便一旦所述设备与过程控制环相连,自动检测所述过程控制环的类型。
3.根据权利要求2所述的设备,其特征在于:每一个介质接入单元适合于在所述过程控制环上产生短持续时间脉冲,而不中断过程控制环通信,并且所述测量电路适合于根据对所述脉冲的过程控制环响应来计算过程控制环阻抗。
4.根据权利要求3所述的设备,其特征在于:所述处理器根据由测量电路所测量出的阻抗,来选择过程控制环的类型。
5.根据权利要求4所述的设备,其特征在于:所述处理器根据过程控制环的类型来提供诊断功能。
6.根据权利要求4所述的设备,其特征在于:所述处理器根据过程控制环的类型来提供通信功能。
7.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于:所述处理器适合于与所述测量电路交互以测量出现在第一组和第二组端子之一上的电压的极性并检测不适当的连接。
8.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于:所述设备设计为符合本质安全。
9.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于:所述第一物理层规范根据干线可寻址远程传感器协议。
10.根据权利要求9所述的设备,其特征在于:所述第二物理层协议根据FOUNDATION现场总线协议。
11.一种手持诊断和通信设备,包括:
第一介质接入单元,适合于根据第一物理层规范在过程控制环上进行通信,所述第一介质接入单元与第一端子组相连;
第二介质接入单元,适合于根据第二物理层规范在过程控制环上进行通信,所述第二介质接入单元与第二端子组相连;
测量电路,与第一和第二介质接入单元相连;以及
与测量电路相连的处理器,适合于与所述测量电路交互,以便一旦所述设备与过程控制环相连,自动检测过程控制环的类型。
12.根据权利要求11所述的设备,其特征在于:所述第一和第二端子组共享公用端子。
13.一种与过程控制环上的过程控制设备通信的方法,所述方法包括:
将手持通信器与过程控制环相连;
确定手持通信器是否正确地与过程控制环相连,并且如果没有正确地与过程控制环相连,则所述手持通信器提供警告;
识别过程控制环的类型,而实质上无需干扰环操作;以及
根据所识别的过程控制环的类型来适配过程控制环通信。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于:识别过程控制环的类型包括:构成环上的短电流脉冲的汇点,并测量对所述脉冲的环电压响应,以计算环阻抗。
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CN103326878A (zh) * 2012-03-19 2013-09-25 阿自倍尔株式会社 Hart通信对应设备
CN103326878B (zh) * 2012-03-19 2017-04-12 阿自倍尔株式会社 Hart通信对应设备

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US6629059B2 (en) 2003-09-30
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GB2403302A (en) 2004-12-29
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GB2403302B (en) 2005-07-27
JP2005522069A (ja) 2005-07-21
DE10392421B4 (de) 2021-05-12
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RU2004130303A (ru) 2005-06-10
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