CN100368721C - 管接头 - Google Patents

管接头 Download PDF

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CN100368721C
CN100368721C CNB998156906A CN99815690A CN100368721C CN 100368721 C CN100368721 C CN 100368721C CN B998156906 A CNB998156906 A CN B998156906A CN 99815690 A CN99815690 A CN 99815690A CN 100368721 C CN100368721 C CN 100368721C
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grasping
ring
joint
endoporus
tooth
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CN1333865A (zh
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杰瑞·E·奥尼尔
查里·惠特尼
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Accor Technology Inc
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Accor Technology Inc
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L37/00—Couplings of the quick-acting type
    • F16L37/08—Couplings of the quick-acting type in which the connection between abutting or axially overlapping ends is maintained by locking members
    • F16L37/084—Couplings of the quick-acting type in which the connection between abutting or axially overlapping ends is maintained by locking members combined with automatic locking
    • F16L37/091—Couplings of the quick-acting type in which the connection between abutting or axially overlapping ends is maintained by locking members combined with automatic locking by means of a ring provided with teeth or fingers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L37/00—Couplings of the quick-acting type
    • F16L37/08—Couplings of the quick-acting type in which the connection between abutting or axially overlapping ends is maintained by locking members
    • F16L37/084—Couplings of the quick-acting type in which the connection between abutting or axially overlapping ends is maintained by locking members combined with automatic locking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5229—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket
    • B29C66/52291—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket said socket comprising a stop
    • B29C66/52292—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket said socket comprising a stop said stop being internal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5229—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket
    • B29C66/52296—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket said socket comprising sealing elements, e.g. gaskets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5229—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket
    • B29C66/52297—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket said socket comprising slip-off prevention means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5229—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket
    • B29C66/52298—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket said socket being composed by several elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/12—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with streamlined valve member around which the fluid flows when the valve is opened
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L37/00—Couplings of the quick-acting type
    • F16L37/08—Couplings of the quick-acting type in which the connection between abutting or axially overlapping ends is maintained by locking members
    • F16L37/084—Couplings of the quick-acting type in which the connection between abutting or axially overlapping ends is maintained by locking members combined with automatic locking
    • F16L37/088—Couplings of the quick-acting type in which the connection between abutting or axially overlapping ends is maintained by locking members combined with automatic locking by means of a split elastic ring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/534—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/534—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
    • B29C66/5344—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length, e.g. joining flanges to tube ends
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined

Abstract

一流体接头，它有一具有一内孔(12)的外壳(10)、一配合在孔(12)中的O形圈(15)、一配合成靠在O形圈上的间距套筒(18)、一配合成靠在间距套筒(18)的轴向外侧上的抓握环(27)，抓握环(27)有沿轴向并沿径向向内突起的、沿周向相互隔开的抓握齿(29)，该齿布置成在受到同时向后的沿轴向并旋转的力时提供一扭曲，接头有一将抓握环(27)、间距套筒(18)和O形圈(15)夹持在外壳(10)中的端套筒(20)。流体接头，它有一具有内孔(12)的外壳(10)、一配合在孔(12)中的O形圈(15)、一配合成靠在密封(15)上的间距套筒(18)、一配合成靠在间距环的轴向外侧上的第一抓握环(27)、一配合成靠在O形圈密封上的第二抓握环(132)，抓握环(127、132)有沿轴向并沿径向内突起的、沿周向相互隔开的抓握齿(29)，在一个实施例中，齿布置成在用于在受到一同时向后的沿轴向并旋转的力时提供一扭曲，接头有一将抓握环(127、132)、间距套筒(18)和O形圈(15)夹持在外壳(10)中的端套筒(18)。

Description

管接头
技术领域
本发明涉及可拆卸类型的接头，它用于通过压在管子上而固定塑料管或铜管，而不需要焊接或钎焊。
背景技术
美国专利No.4911406示出了一种管接头，其中，金属管或塑料管可简单地通过将管子压入接头中以不泄漏地连接连至一阀或类似物上。管子用一有齿的弹性抓握环握持在接头中，该齿咬入管子中，以防管子被接头中的液体压力推出来。齿要如此布置，以使管子可通过从接头拧下而从接头中取出，但是不能简单地通过沿轴向拉管子、不用旋转就取出。设置一O形圈密封，以防止流体流至接头外面的管子四周。
专利4911406的本发明的一个优点为，通过将管子拧出抓握环，对管子的表面的损伤为最小。于是这就使之另外有可能将密封与抓握环有利地布置在接头中。
随着将较软的塑料管如聚丁烯或PEX(交联的聚乙烯塑料)应用至管道工业中，提高了对抓握环的握持能力的要求。较软的制管材料在管道在较高的液体静压力下受到多次重复的循环时使抓紧环的齿在管道中凿刻出槽。
发明内容
本发明的第一个改进为将抓握环在接头中的位置从在专利4911406中所示的位置倒过来。在本发明的实施例中，密封件如O形圈密封在接头的外壳中沿轴向布置在抓握环的内部。接着是一个间距套筒，它将环保持在适当位置上，而抓握环连同它的齿则沿轴向在间距套筒的外侧。
美国专利No.4911406的本发明的第二个改进为提供两个或更多的抓握环，以在与较软的管道一起使用时提高环在接头的握持能力。两个或更多的抓握环在管道上共同作用，以协同作用在其间分配载荷，从而大大提高环在较软的管道中的握持能力。相信，管道的柔软性允许齿在塑料中移动，直至环中的载荷沿更多的环中分配，从而提高了环的最终的握持能力。
本发明公开了一种管路接头，它用于可拆卸地将管子保持在其中，它包括：外壳，该外壳具有内孔，该内孔具有周向侧壁；间距套筒，该间距套筒位于所述内孔中，且具有一轴向内侧和一轴向外侧；以及第一抓握环，该第一抓握环位于所述内孔中，且具有沿径向并沿轴向向内突起的、在周向上相互间隔开的抓握齿，该抓握齿具有向内突出到所述内孔中的内缘，所述第一抓握环邻近所述间距套筒的所述轴向外侧，所述第一抓握环保持在所述外壳中，以防止所述第一抓握环的旋转运动；其特征在于：所述间距套筒具有在周向上互相间隔开的槽，所述第一抓握环的所述抓握齿与所述槽对齐并配合在其内。
附图说明
图1为实施本发明的接头的轴向剖面。
图2为图1所示的接头的分解图。
图3为抓握环的局部剖面，它示出抓握齿中的一个。
图4为一一般的说明图，说明什么是能实施本发明的原理的试验盖或阀或其它接头装置产品。
图5示出了本发明的O形圈密封和抓握环在专利4911406中所示的这类阀中的布置。
图6为一接头的轴向剖面，该接头用多个抓握环实施本发明的原理，与例如一阀门一起使用。
图7为图6所示的接头的分解图。
图8为抓握环的局部剖面，它示出抓握齿中的一个。
图9为用于接头的一般使用说明图，此独特的接头可用于阀门、淋浴头、管子的水龙头接头、管接头或任何其它的应用或用途。
图10示出本发明的另一实施例，它具有三个抓握环。此图意图示出，抓握环的数目可以是任意的两个或更多的数目。
图11示出用于试验盖的接头的又一实施例。这些不同的图意图示出，接头有非常不同的用途和构形，为了简单起见，它们不能全部示出。
图12示出接头的另一实施例。
具体实施方式
如同在图中最清楚地示出的那样，独特的接头按一般的接头的一种形式示出，但是可能是试验盖(tesp cap)。试验盖例如用在管道工业中，以临时检查管道系统中的压力，看看是否所有连接都没有泄漏，并可保持正确的压力。通常该试验盖以后就取下，并在管子上钎焊或连接永久性的阀门。接头的许多用途进一步用双点划线一般地示于图4中，其中，双点划线的箱子是试验盖接头、阀门、像淋浴头这样的终端单元、用于将两个管路连在一起的接头等。图5更具体地示出用于阀门的本发明。这些不同的用途的细节对于熟悉本技术的一般人都是清楚的，而美国专利No.4911406的细节将在此结合，以作为参考。
在所有图1～5的接头中，本发明包括一外壳10，它有一具有侧壁14的内孔12。内孔有一密封支承面16，靠在其上配有传统的O形圈密封15。密封用一间距套筒18被保持在孔中。如同在图2表示得最清楚的那样，间距套筒有沿周向隔开的轴向槽33。金属抓握环27上做有沿周向隔开的并沿径向向内突起的齿29。间距套筒有一平台36，它与抓握环27上的平台30对齐。外壳的内壁有突起的平台31，以接纳套筒与抓握环上的平台。抓握环还做有切口39，间距套筒上做有切口41，这些切口与外壳10的内壁14上的突起40(图1)接合。内套筒和抓握环上的平台和切口的设置是为了保证抓握环与内套筒在外壳中的正确安装。
靠在抓握环上放置一端套筒20，将O形圈、间距套筒和抓握环紧紧地夹持在一起，以使抓握环的齿伸入内孔12中。端套筒用超声焊接22夹持在外壳10的内孔中。端套筒做有导向肋28，以用于将塑料管或铜管26引导入接头中。插入接头中的管端在图1中用双点划线示出。在内孔12中的侧壁14上做有内肋35。一般来说，抓握环用全硬化(fullhard)的不锈钢制造，接头部分用塑料如乙缩醛(aletal)制造，对于较大的接头，则用金属制造，而管子则用铜或在管道中使用的传统的PVC(聚氯乙烯)制造，或(聚丁烯)、CPVC(氯化聚氯乙烯)、PEX或在管道中使用的其它金属和塑料。
如同从图1最清楚地示出的那样，在装配接头时，将O形圈放置成靠在圈的支承面16上，使间距套筒用其平台36对齐，靠在外壳的平台31上，并将其滑至靠在O形圈的位置上，以后就放置抓握环，使其靠在间距套筒上，并用其平台30将齿29对齐，进入间距套筒的槽33中。以后就将端套筒放在外壳中，并用超声焊接22焊在适当位置上。对于金属接头，外壳可用任何适当的永久性的附件如卷边或过盈螺纹固定。当管子26要插在接头中或接头要插在管子外面时，管子与接头要彼此沿轴向移动，使管子与齿接合。齿伸入外壳的内孔中，超过管子26的外径的距离，以使当管子与外壳彼此沿轴向移动时，齿被管子变形。这就造成齿的立即抓握接合，即使以前还没有任何的流体压力作用在接头上。管子要插入，直至它紧密地与孔12的端壁50接合。这可以被接头的使用者感觉到，因为管子可被推动，沿轴向移动--即使较紧-直至管的端部停止，靠在端壁50上，并且不能相对于外壳有任何的进一步的推动。
O形圈密封在管子的四周保持流体密封。管子不能仅仅用流体压力沿轴向拔出而不损坏接头，并能维持高的流体压力。管子可以相对于管子拧开接头而被取出。抓握环中的齿29可以做有轻微的扭曲，或采用全硬化的不锈钢或相当的材料如锰或复合材料制造，环的厚变不大于0.012英寸左右，最好为0.008英寸，于是扭曲可在管子26同时旋转并从外壳中被拉出时通过作用在齿上的力产生。通过旋转管子并同时拉拔，抓握齿的边缘将在槽30中移动，在齿的一个边缘上产生摩擦，使齿扭曲，而管子则从抓握环中拧出来。如果管子最初不穿过抓握环插入，或未穿过O形圈插入，则在有压力作用在管道系统上时，几乎立即就有明显的泄漏。因此，本发明的一个优点为，能立即用肉眼检查管子在接头中的正确放置或试验盖在接头外面的正确位置。
图4示出接头的假想的方案，说明接头可以是如图1所示的试验盖，美国专利No.4911406的阀，或者单纯是右侧接头50的镜面映像，该映像位于左侧，简单地把两个管子连在一起。
图5示出一实施例，它用专利4911406的阀或外壳50a作为接头。本发明的另一有利的特点在图5中示出，它说明，管子或软管60的预先切出的长度可以如同在61处用粘接和紧缩或其它方式永久地固定在阀上，以提供一从管道系统至一装置或其它管道装置的完整的连接。这样设备就可以较经济而快速地制造，并具有已经做好的并可供使用的完整的预先切出管道连接。
如同在图6中清楚地示出的那样，所示的具有多个抓握环的独特的接头的形状为一阀。不过，虽然在图6的实施例中示出一阀门，但是其目的只是为了说明，该接头可用于像在美国专利用No.4911406中所示的阀或其它任何在接头中的应用。这一般地在图9中用双点划线示出，其中，双点划线的箱子为一阀，一用于将两个管子连接在一起的接头、一淋浴头、一管子的水龙头接头或任何其它用途，在该用途中，软的管子的管道材料被连至更多的管子上或某些管道装置上。接头的这些不同的用途或应用对于熟悉本技术的一般人是清楚的，美国专利No.4911406的细节将在此处结合，以作为参考。
在图6～11的接头中，本发明包括一外壳110，它有一具有侧壁114的内孔112。内孔有一密封支承面116，靠在面上，配有传统的O形圈密封115。密封用一间距套筒118被保持在孔中。如同在图7中表示得最清楚的那样，间距套筒有沿周向隔开的轴向槽133。金属抓握环127上做有沿周向隔开的并沿经向向内突起的齿129。第二相同的抓握环132设置成靠在O形圈密封上，从而靠在间距套筒118的相反侧上。间距套筒有一平台136，它与抓握环127、132上的平台130对齐。外壳的内壁有突起的平台131，以接纳套筒与抓握环上的平台。抓握环还做有一个切口139，间距套筒上做有切口141，这些切口与外壳110的内壁114上的突起或键140(图6)接合。内套筒和抓握环上的平台和切口的设置是为了保证抓握环与内套筒在壳中的正确安装。
靠在抓握环127上放置一端套筒120，将O形圈、间距套筒和抓握环紧紧地夹持在一起，以使抓握环的齿伸入内孔112中。端套筒用超声焊接122(圈10)夹持在外壳110的内孔中。端套筒做有导向肋128，以用于将塑料管或铜管126引导入接头中。在另一方案中，这些肋可以去掉，以使现有的旧的经过修理的具有现有的管口密套的管道可以配合在端套筒120的较大的直径中。插入接头中的管端在图6中示出。在内孔112的侧壁114上做有内肋135(图7)。一般来说，抓握环用全硬化的不锈钢制造，接头部分用塑料如乙缩醛制造，对于较大的接头，用金属制造，而管子则用铜、传统的聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚丁烯、PEX或在管道中使用的其它金属和塑料制造。
如同从图6最清楚地示出的那样，在装配接头时，将O形圈放置成靠在圈支承面116上，将抓握环132放置成靠在O形圈上，使间距套以其平台136对齐，靠在外壳的平台131上，并将其滑至靠在抓握环132的位置上，以后就将抓握环127放置成靠在间距套筒的相反侧上，并以其平台130与齿129对齐，进入间距套筒的槽133中。以后就将端套筒放在外壳中，并用超声焊接122焊在适当位置上。对于金属接头，外壳可用任何合适的永久性的附件如卷边或过盈螺纹固定。当管子126要插在接头中或接头要插在管子对面时，管子和接头要彼此沿轴向移动，使管子与齿接合。两个环的齿伸入外壳的内孔中，超过管子126的外径的距离，以使当管子与外壳彼此沿轴向移动时，齿被管子变形。这就造成齿的立即抓握接合，即使之前没有任何的流体压力作用在接头上。管被插入，直至它紧密地与孔112的端壁(图10)接合。这可以被接头的使用者感觉到，因为管子可被推动，沿轴向移动-即使较紧-直至管子的端部停止，靠在端壁150上，并且不能相对于外壳有任何进一步的推动。
O形圈密封在管子的四周保持流体密封。管子不能仅仅用流体压力沿轴向被拉出而不损坏接头，并能维持非常高的液体压力。管子可通过相对于管子拧开接头而被取出，虽然在采用较软的塑料管时，齿可以更深地挖入管子中，而管子的被凿刻的表面在拧开接头时可能损坏。在此情况下，可能需要一根新的管子，或者原来的管子的损坏段可以被切去，然后把管子的剩下的未损坏端再插入接头中。抓握环中的齿129可以做成有轻微的扭曲，或采用全硬化的不锈钢或相当的材料如锰或复合材料制造，环的厚度不大于0.012英寸左右，最好为0.008英寸，于是扭曲可在管子126同时旋转并从外壳中被拉出时通过作用在齿上的力产生。通过旋转管子并同时拉拔，抓握齿的边缘将在槽130中移动，在齿的一个边缘上产生摩擦，使齿扭曲，而管子则从抓握环中拧出来。
在所示的实施例中，如果管子不穿过抓握环插入，或未穿过O形密封圈插入，则在有压力作用在管道系统上时，几乎立即就有明显的泄漏。因此，此实施例的一个优点为，能立即用肉眼检查管子在接头中的正确置放或阀门在接头外面的正确位置。
图8示出一典型的抓握环。
图9示出一接头的假想的形式，它说明接头可能为一阀、一连接两根管子的接头，一水龙头接头、一淋浴头、一试验盖或任何其它采用推进式接头的管道装置。
图10示出另一实施例，它具有本发明的同样的特点，但是有更多的抓握环(3个，即所示的127、177和187)和更多的间距套筒118、178和188。
图11示出一实施例，它将接头用作试验盖。试验盖用在管道系统中，以检查是否所有连接都不泄漏并可保持正确的压力。以后试验盖通常都取下，并在管上钎焊或连接永久性的盖。
图12示出与图10和11相似的实施例，但是间距套筒118a放在O形圈与抓握环之间。
虽然在图中示出了两个和三个抓握环，但是在接头的净空间中可以采用任意数目的抓握环。
虽然示出并描述了优选的实施例，但是，对于熟悉本技术的人，显然可以有各种改变，因此，本发明并不限于图中所示的特殊的实施例。

Claims (18)

1.一种流体管路接头，它用于可拆卸地将管子(26，126)保持在其中，它包括：
外壳(10，110)，该外壳具有内孔(12，112)，该内孔具有周向侧壁(14，114)；
位于所述内孔(12，112)中的密封支承面(16，116)；
接合在所述密封支承面(16，116)中的密封件(15，115)；
间距套筒(18，118，118a，178，188)，该间距套筒位于所述内孔(12，112)中，且具有一轴向内侧和一轴向外侧；以及
第一抓握环(27，127，177)，该第一抓握环位于所述内孔(12，112)中，且具有沿径向并沿轴向向内突起的、在周向上相互间隔开的抓握齿(29，129)，该抓握齿具有向内突出到所述内孔(12，112)中的内缘，所述第一抓握环(27，127，177)邻近所述间距套筒(18，118，118a，178，188)的所述轴向外侧，所述第一抓握环(27，127，177)保持在所述外壳(10，110)中，以防止所述第一抓握环(27，127，177)的旋转运动；
其特征在于：
所述间距套筒(18，118，118a，178，188)具有在周向上互相间隔开的槽(33，133)，所述第一抓握环(27，127，177)的所述抓握齿(29，129)与所述槽对齐并配合在其内。
2.如权利要求1所述的流体管路接头，其中，所述密封件(15，115)轴向设置在所述间距套筒(18，118，118a，178，188)的内侧。
3.如权利要求2所述的流体管路接头，其中，所述间距套筒(18，118，118a，188)的所述轴向内侧与所述密封件(15，115)接合。
4.如权利要求2所述的流体管路接头，其中，还包括位于所述内孔(112)中的第二抓握环(132，187)，该第二抓握环(127，132，177)轴向设置在所述间距套筒(118，188)的内侧和所述密封件(115)的外侧，所述第二抓握环(132，187)具有沿径向向内突起的、在周向上相互间隔开的抓握齿，该抓握齿具有向内突出到所述内孔(112)中的内缘。
5.如权利要求4所述的流体管路接头，其中，所述第二抓握环(132，187)靠在所述间距套筒(118，188)的所述轴向内侧上并邻近所述密封件(115)。
6.如权利要求1所述的流体管路接头，其中，所述间距套筒(18，118，118a，178，188)保持住在所述密封支承面(16，116)中的所述密封件(15，115)。
7.如权利要求1所述的流体管路接头，其中，还包括位于所述内孔(112)中的第二抓握环(132，187)，该第二抓握环(132，187)轴向设置在所述第一抓握环(127，177)的内侧，所述第一和第二抓握环(127，132，177，187)被所述间距套筒(118，118a，178，188)分隔开，所述第二抓握环(132，187)具有沿径向向内突起的、在周向上相互间隔开的抓握齿，该抓握齿具有向内突出到所述内孔(112)中的内缘。
8.如权利要求1所述的流体管路接头，其中，还包括位于所述内孔(112)中的第二抓握环(127)，该第二抓握环(127)轴向设置在所述第一抓握环(177)的外部，它们之间具有另一间距套筒(118，178)，所述第二抓握环(127)具有沿径向向内突起的、在周向上相互间隔开的抓握齿，该抓握齿具有向内突出到所述内孔(112)中的内缘，所述另一间距套筒(118，178)具有在周向上相互间隔开的槽(133)，所述第二抓握环(127)的所述抓握齿与所述另一间距套筒(118，178)的所述槽对齐并配合在其内。
9.如权利要求8所述的流体管路接头，其中，一间距套筒(118)轴向设置在所述第二抓握环(127)的外侧。
10.如权利要求8所述的流体管路接头，其中，还包括位于所述内孔(112)中的第三抓握环(187)，该第三抓握环轴向设置在所述第一抓握环(177)的内侧，所述第一和第三抓握环(177，187)被所述间距套筒(188)分隔开，所述第三抓握环(187)具有沿径向向内突起的、在周向上相互间隔开的抓握齿，该抓握齿具有向内突出到所述内孔(112)中的内缘。
11.如权利要求10所述的流体管路接头，其中，所述密封件(115)轴向设置在所述第三抓握环(187)的内侧。
12.如权利要求1所述的流体管路接头，其中，还包括连接在所述外壳(10，110)上的端套筒(20，120)，用于将所述间距套筒(18，118，118a，178，188)固定在所述内孔(12，112)中。
13.如权利要求12所述的流体管路接头，其中，所述内孔(12，112)具有在周向上相互间隔开的内肋(35，135)，所述端套筒(20，120)具有在周向上相互间隔开的管子导向肋(28，128)。
14.如权利要求12所述的流体管路接头，其中，所述端套筒(20，120)通过焊接连接在所述外壳(10，110)上。
15.如权利要求1所述的流体管路接头，其中，所述第一抓握环(27，127，177)在其圆周上具有一平台(30，130)，所述间距套筒(18，118，118a，178，188)在其圆周上具有一平台(36，136)，所述平台(30，36，130，136)与在所述外壳(10，110)的内孔(12，112)中的相配的平的突起(31，131)接合。
16.如权利要求1所述的流体管路接头，其中，所述第一抓握环(27，127，177)的所述抓握齿(29，129)受到同时的轴向向外的和旋转的力时产生一扭曲，以使所述插入在管接头中的管子(26，126)旋开和移去。
17.如权利要求1所述的流体管路接头，其中，所述第一抓握环(27，127，177)的所述抓握齿(29，129)形成为具有轻微的扭曲，以使所述插入在管接头中的管子(26，126)旋开和移去。
18.如权利要求1所述的流体管路接头，其中，所述槽(33，133)在所述抓握齿(29，129)的一个边缘上产生摩擦，从而使所述抓握齿扭曲，并且使所述插入在管接头中的管子(26，126)自管接头上旋开和移去。
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US20070241562A1 (en) 2007-10-18
EP1141610B1 (en) 2003-05-21
KR20010093182A (ko) 2001-10-27
US8820799B2 (en) 2014-09-02
HK1040758A1 (en) 2002-06-21
AU2194400A (en) 2000-07-03
JP4511738B2 (ja) 2010-07-28
EP1141610A1 (en) 2001-10-10
ATE241108T1 (de) 2003-06-15
US20080143106A1 (en) 2008-06-19
HK1040758B (zh) 2004-01-30
US7810850B2 (en) 2010-10-12
DE69908179D1 (de) 2003-06-26
WO2000036327A1 (en) 2000-06-22
US7232159B2 (en) 2007-06-19
US20030111840A1 (en) 2003-06-19
AU749874B2 (en) 2002-07-04
ES2198162T3 (es) 2004-01-16
KR100635244B1 (ko) 2006-10-19
JP2002532666A (ja) 2002-10-02
US6464266B1 (en) 2002-10-15
US7523966B2 (en) 2009-04-28
US6860523B2 (en) 2005-03-01
CN1333865A (zh) 2002-01-30
US20090243288A1 (en) 2009-10-01
US20150076816A1 (en) 2015-03-19
MXPA01006008A (es) 2003-06-09
US20050184519A1 (en) 2005-08-25
DE69908179T2 (de) 2003-10-09

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