CN100337582C - 监视来自患者的生理信号的系统 - Google Patents

监视来自患者的生理信号的系统 Download PDF

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CN100337582C
CN100337582C CNB028049748A CN02804974A CN100337582C CN 100337582 C CN100337582 C CN 100337582C CN B028049748 A CNB028049748 A CN B028049748A CN 02804974 A CN02804974 A CN 02804974A CN 100337582 C CN100337582 C CN 100337582C
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patient
connecting devices
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monitor processor
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CN1545393A (zh
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T·鲁斯
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Siemens Medical Solutions USA Inc
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0002—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network
    • A61B5/0004—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network characterised by the type of physiological signal transmitted
    • A61B5/0006—ECG or EEG signals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0002—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network
    • A61B5/0015—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network characterised by features of the telemetry system
    • A61B5/0024—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network characterised by features of the telemetry system for multiple sensor units attached to the patient, e.g. using a body or personal area network
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S128/00—Surgery
    • Y10S128/903—Radio telemetry
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S128/00—Surgery
    • Y10S128/904—Telephone telemetry

Abstract

一种系统，它允许由患者连接装置获得的患者监视数据通过无线信号传递到另一个装置，例如，患者监视处理器。相同的患者连接装置根据患者的位置用于传递数据到患者监视器处理器或一个中央站。一个单独的装置既用于个人区域网络又用于遥测/传递应用。相同的无线技术在两个情况下使用，消除了配置多于一个的天线/接收机系统的需要。使用如“蓝牙”这样的现有的无线传递协议，由此，当两个在通信的装置紧密靠近时减小传递功率。

Description

监视来自患者的生理信号的系统
本申请是基于2001年2月14日提出的临时专利申请No.60/268770。
技术领域
一般讲，本发明涉及医疗装置领域，更具体说，涉及要同在医院接受处理的患者一起使用的无线数据采集和传递系统。
背景技术
在一个典型的患者监视环境中，将若干电极或传感器固定到患者身上，然后通过电线将它们连接到患者监视器处理器，如图1所示。在一个手术间里，或许必须把来自，例如，5个6个或10个心电图(EKG)电极、一个SpO2传感器、一个CO2传感器、1个2个或4个压力传感器、一个压力套囊、一个或多个温度传感器和EEG电极的电线连接在患者和患者监视器处理器之间。这就对主治医师或护士提出了特别复杂的电缆管理问题。当必须解开它们或者必须将它们从医院的一个区转移到另一个区时，可能会在使患者在解脱上花费相当多的时间。理想地是，能实现减少或消除所有的在患者和患者监视器处理器之间电缆连接。这可通过在使用同样的基础无线技术的同时使用在一个或多个患者连接装置和患者监视器处理器之间的双向无线传递和接收来有效地实现。
无线数据采集系统在生物医学领域是众所周知的。例如，颁发给摩托罗拉公司的美国专利No.5704351公开了多通道生物医学数字遥测发信机。摩托罗拉公司使人认识到专门目的在于902到928MHz波段的心电图(EKG)信号传递的8通道生物医学发信机。该摩托罗拉装置包括输入电路和模数转换器，接收从EKG电极来的输入信号，并将它转换到输入到微处理器的数字信号。然后，微处理器将数字信号转换成串行数字输出信号。为了遥测传递，该输出信号被用来对射频载波信号进行频率调制。通过两个手动频率调整开关，该载波频率在902到928MHz内是可调的。这些手动开关只是在摩托罗拉装置上可得到调节，并只能手动调整在902到928MHz波段内的特定频率。为接受不同的输入信号特性，输入电路和模数转换器是不可调的或通用的。另外，摩托罗拉装置不能为工作在其它频段上而通过编程或其它方式调节。最后，摩托罗拉装置只是个发信机，不能接收控制其工作的RF或其它信号。
类似地，颁发给Schmidit等人的美国专利No.5755230公开了一装置，用于监视生理信号，尤其EEG，和通过RF向接收机传递信号。像摩托罗拉的一样，Schmidit等人的装置不能被调制或调节以接收从不同生理传感器的输入。
颁发给Dempsey的、题目为“患者监视系统的动态控制”的美国专利No.5579775公开了一种带有遥测子系统的患者监视系统。该遥测子系统监视和传递一个RF信号，它代表从一个或多个生理监视仪器接收的信号。与摩托罗拉和Schmidit等人的不同，Dempsey使人认识到一个能接收反向通道装置中的RF信号以便控制系统的工作的接收子系统。但是，Dempsey不包括通过编程或其它方式响应不同生理信号来调节或改善输入的能力。为适应不同的生理信号，例如EEG、EKG和SpO2，该装置依靠一些单独的监视部分。
仍是颁发给Dempsey的美国专利No.5417222公开了一种可在I/O端口互连到遥测监视器的手提处理器。Dempsey的222装置包括一个由生理监视器组成的遥测监视器。该生理监视器接收表示特定的患者生理状况的被选择生理信号。该生理监视器是一个特定类型的监视器。例如，它读取如EKG的特定生理功能的信号。在要监视一个不同的生理功能时，例如EEG，必须应用一个不同的生理监视器。特别是，Dempsey的222公开了可编程处理器(Hewlett Packard 100LX掌上处理器)同生理监视器的接口。该装置不能为接收不同的生理信号而用软件或其它方式修改或改变生理监视器。
Fluke公司制造了一种商品名为“无线记录器”的无线数据采集系统。“无线记录器”是Fluke的湿水型数据记录器、手提仪器监视器/分析器(接收有线外部输入)同RF调制解调器的集成。湿水型数据记录器包括一个通用输入组件，该组件接收和调节外部输入。调制解调器将最后信号传递到与个人计算机互连的另一调制解调器。单独的调制解调器和通用输入组件都比较大，而且消耗到10瓦的功率。该系统的工作不是可软件编程的。RF Neulink销售一种利用VHF(136-280MHz)和UHF(403-512MHz)波段的类似的系统。
颁发给Schmidit等人的、题目为“可编程的无线数据采集系统”的美国专利No.6167258公开了一种信号处理组件的使用。该组件能够接收具有不同特性和范围的多个外部输入。Schmidit等人的258器件通过编程转换和调节外部输入，产生与外部输入对应的用数据编码的RF信号并将该信号传递到基站。
颁发给Fischell等人的、题目为“用于EEG监视和多电极电激励的集成系统”的美国专利No.6230049公开了一种集成EEG监视和电激励系统。该系统具有患者电子线路组件和EEG分析工作站之间的无线链接。
也参考US 6644173和US 6544174。
在图1和图3上一般表示在监视和传递患者数据上的现有技术尝试。这些情况中的哪一个都不是使用相同的患者连接装置用相同的基础无线技术传递数据到患者监视器处理器或中央站。因此，留有对这样一个系统的需要，即，这个系统是基于相同的基础技术，允许由连接到患者的多个监视器收集的患者监视数据被无线地传递到另一装置，例如，用来显示、同步和处理这些数据的患者监视器处理器。
发明内容
本发明是这样的一个系统，即，这个系统允许由连接到患者的一个或多个传感器或装置所收集的患者监视数据被无线地传递到另一装置，例如患者监视处理器。传递的数据可以被显示、同步和按照其它方式处理。根据患者监视系统的工作方式，患者监视器处理器可以放在最接近患者处或在某个距离上。无线数据传递工作在两个方向上，也就是说，数据也可以从患者监视器处理器被传递到患者连接装置。相同的患者连接装置被用于向或从患者监视器处理器、中央站或两者传递和接收数据，根据患者情况，而没有患者连接装置硬件的任何改变。
根据本发明的第一方面，提供了一种系统，包括
a)至少两个患者连接装置，所述至少两个患者连接装置的每一个又包括：
一个适于检测和储存至少一个来自患者的生理参数的传感器；以及
一个适于与患者监视器处理器通信的射频收发信机；以及
b)所述患者监视器处理器适于从所述至少两个患者连接装置接收无线生理数据和传递无线指令到所述至少两个患者连接装置，所述患者监视器处理器被配置作为(i)一个网孔(cell)的主站和(ii)一个网孔的从站中的一个起作用。
其中，所述患者监视器处理器配置成：
显示从所述至少两个患者连接装置的每一个接收的生理数据；
解释从所述至少两个患者连接装置的每一个接收的生理数据；以及
使所述至少两个患者连接装置的每一个的工作与所述至少两个患者连接装置的其它患者连接装置同步。
根据本发明的第二方面，提供了一种监视来自患者的生理信号的方法，包括以下步骤：
使用至少一个固定到一个患者身上的生理参数传感器；
将生理参数传感器与第一无线收发信机互连；
将一个生理数据信号从第一无线收发信机传递到一个患者监视器处理器；
将该患者监视器处理器与第二无线收发信机互连；
将信息数据从第二无线收发信机传递到第一无线收发信机；以及
指定患者监视器处理器作为(a)一个无线网孔中的主站和(b)一个无线网孔中的从站中的一个；
其中，患者监视器处理器执行以下步骤：
显示从每个患者连接装置接收的生理数据；
解释从每个患者连接装置接收的生理数据；以及
使每个患者连接装置的工作与其它患者连接装置同步。
根据本发明的第三方面，提供了一种监视来自患者的生理信号的方法，包括以下步骤：
使用至少一个固定到一个患者身上的生理参数传感器；
将该生理参数传感器与一个患者连接装置的第一无线收发信机互连；
为(a)能走动患者模式和(b)不能走动患者模式中的至少一个自适应调节由至少一个生理参数传感器获得的生理数据信号；
指定一个患者监视器处理器作为(a)一个无线网孔中的主站和(b)一个无线网孔中的从站中的一个；以及
将所说的生理数据信号从第一无线收发信机传递到患者监视器处理器，该患者监视器处理器适于从患者连接装置接收无线生理数据和传递无线指令到患者。
根据本发明的第四方面，提供了一种系统，包括
a)多个患者连接装置，所述多个患者连接装置的每一个又包括：
(i)适于检测和储存来自患者的至少一个生理参数的至少一个传感器；以及
(ii)射频收发信机；以及
b)多个患者监视器处理器，适于从多个患者连接装置的每一个的射频收发信机接收无线生理数据和传递无线指令到所述多个患者连接装置的每一个，所述多个患者监视器处理器的每一个被配置作为(i)一个网孔中的主站和(ii)一个网孔中的从站中的一个起作用；
c)多个辅助处理器，适于从多个患者连接装置的每一个接收无线生理数据和传递无线指令到所述多个患者连接装置的每一个，所述多个辅助处理器的每一个被配置作为(i)一个网孔中的主站和(ii)一个网孔中的从站中的一个起作用；
d)：中央数据库服务器，中央数据库服务器与所述多个辅助数据处理器相连用于从多个辅助数据处理器接收生理数据，所述中央数据库服务器包括：
接收来自所述多个患者连接装置和多个患者监视器处理器的生理数据的装置；
存储所述接收的生理数据的装置；以及
连续接收、存储和同步由以(a)能走动患者模式和(b)不能走动患者模式中的任一模式工作的各个患者连接装置得到的生理参数的装置。
附图说明
图1是现有技术的用于监视患者的系统的示意图；
图2是按照本发明的原理构成的患者监视系统的示意图；
图3是现有技术的患者监视遥测系统的示意图；
图4是按照本发明的原理构成的无线患者监视系统的示意图；
图5是用于图2所示系统的天线装置的示意图；
图6是如在图2所示系统中用的患者监视器处理器子系统的示意图。
具体实施方式
参照图2，以1一般表示一个双向无线患者监视系统。患者2固定到多个患者连接装置3和4。患者连接装置3包含，例如，EEG传感器5、二氧化碳监视器6、ECG传感器7，用于获得血压数据、呼吸数据、血液参数数据、脉博率数据和肌肉活动有关数据。每个传感器5、6和7与患者连接装置3互连。患者连接装置3包含合适的数据采集的电子线路以及与天线8互连的RF收发信机。使用映射以动态配置来自传感器的生理数据信号到RF收发信机上的相应端口。在患者连接装置3内还包含使装置3能够起皮可网中的从站的作用的微处理器。患者连接装置4以与患者连接装置3相同的方式工作。
患者监视器处理器9包括一个微处理器和一个与天线10互连的RF收发信机。信号11在患者连接装置3和患者监视器处理器9之间传递，患者监视器处理器9可在无线网中作为主台或从台，而患者监视器处理器硬件不作任何变化。利用任何适当的协议传递无线数据，其中，蓝牙标准就是个例子。蓝牙技术提供一种在2.5GHz频段的通用无线接口，使手提电子装置能够经短距离特设网络无线地连接和通信。
例如，在下列文献中介绍了蓝牙技术：Haartsen，“蓝牙，用于特设无线连接的通用射频接口”，爱立信评论，第3期，1998年，110-117页。由患者监视器处理器9(在这种情况下起主站作用)和患者连接装置3和4(起从站作用)组成的无线网络或“皮可网”允许生理数据从患者连接装置3和4中的任何一个传递到患者监视器处理器9，以便显示数据、解释数据和同步若干患者连接装置的工作。这种结构形成个人区域网络12。
也参照图4，相同的患者连接装置3和4(装置4未示出)也能传递数据到患者监视器处理器9以外的装置。特别是，会有这样事例，患者2在被从一个区域转移到另一个区域(不能走动患者)，或者，患者足以能靠她自己围绕区域走动(能走动患者)。在这些事例中，仍然会有离开一个距离监视患者的要求。患者连接装置3能传递数据信号11到患者监视器9，但也能同步地或串行地(相继地)传递数据信号11到辅助处理器13，根据患者2的位置。辅助处理器13通过常规网络15与中央站14互连。
也参照图5，可以调节安装在患者连接装置3内的无线收发信机的功率，以便使与在该区的其它皮可网的干扰最小，以及当传递遥测时使接收站的数目最少。当2个通信的装置紧靠近时，可以设计现有的蓝牙规格，以减小传递功率。减小功率消耗的益处是延长患者连接装置3的电池寿命和减小与其它附近无线装置干扰的可能性。理想地，两个通信的装置的天线应该尽量能靠近在一起。连接到患者监视器处理器9的蓝牙主天线10位于延长电缆16的终端，以便减少到患者连接装置3的天线8的距离。
本系统12将生理信号采集(通过患者连接装置3和4获得)与由患者监视器处理器9完成的信号后端处理和显示相分离。也参照图6，患者监视器处理器是一个标准工作站或网浏览器装置。患者监视器处理器9连接到局域网络17，不仅作为患者监视的本地显示执行功能，也为或许驻留在其它地方的医师检索其它有用信息。例如，这样的信息包含在局域网17上的中央数据库服务器18里，或者，该信息可以包含在整个医院网21的其它地方19、20。信息也可以从互联网22获得。患者监视器处理器9可以作为本地显示使用，也可以作为通过网络连接23可接入的其它医学或非医学信息的窗口使用。

Claims (9)

1、一种系统，包括
a)至少两个患者连接装置，所述至少两个患者连接装置的每一个又包括：
一个适于检测和储存至少一个来自患者的生理参数的传感器；
以及
一个适于与患者监视器处理器通信的射频收发信机；以及
b)所述患者监视器处理器适于从所述至少两个患者连接装置接收无线生理数据和传递无线指令到所述至少两个患者连接装置，所述患者监视器处理器被配置作为(i)一个网孔的主站和(ii)一个网孔的从站中的一个起作用；
其中，所述患者监视器处理器配置成：
显示从所述至少两个患者连接装置的每一个接收的生理数据；
解释从所述至少两个患者连接装置的每一个接收的生理数据；以及
使所述至少两个患者连接装置的每一个的工作与所述至少两个患者连接装置的其它患者连接装置同步。
2、权利要求1的系统，还包括一个中央站，该中央站适于发送和接收来自每个患者连接装置的数据。
3、权利要求2的系统，其中，该中央站还包括一个为与每个患者连接装置通信而配置的射频收发信机。
4、权利要求3的系统，还包括一个适于响应一个患者连接装置对该网孔内的任何数据接收装置的紧密接近而减小传递功率的无线数据传递协议。
5、权利要求4的系统，还包括：
一个主天线；以及
一个为减少患者连接装置和患者监视器处理器之间的间距而配置的、互连主天线和患者监视器处理器的延长电缆。
6、权利要求5的系统，其中，患者监视器处理器包括一个网络浏览器。
7、权利要求6的系统，其中，患者监视器处理器与局域网络互连。
8、权利要求7的系统，其中，局域网络包括一个互联网连接。
9、一种系统，包括
a)多个患者连接装置，所述多个患者连接装置的每一个又包括：
(i)适于检测和储存来自患者的至少一个生理参数的至少一个传感器；以及
(ii)射频收发信机；以及
b)多个患者监视器处理器，适于从多个患者连接装置的每一个的射频收发信机接收无线生理数据和传递无线指令到所述多个患者连接装置的每一个，所述多个患者监视器处理器的每一个被配置作为(i)一个网孔中的主站和(ii)一个网孔中的从站中的一个起作用；
c)多个辅助处理器，适于从多个患者连接装置的每一个接收无线生理数据和传递无线指令到所述多个患者连接装置的每一个，所述多个辅助处理器的每一个被配置作为(i)一个网孔中的主站和(ii)一个网孔中的从站中的一个起作用；
d)：中央数据库服务器，中央数据库服务器与所述多个辅助数据处理器相连用于从多个辅助数据处理器接收生理数据，所述中央数据库服务器包括：
(i)接收来自所述多个患者连接装置和多个患者监视器处理器的生理数据的装置；
(ii)存储所述接收的生理数据的装置；以及
(iii)连续接收、存储和同步由以(a)能走动患者模式和(b)不能走动患者模式中的任何模式工作的各个患者连接装置得到的生理数据的装置。
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