CN100336312C - 将数字信号感应耦合到电力线的系统和方法 - Google Patents
将数字信号感应耦合到电力线的系统和方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
提供用于在电力配电系统上耦合数据信号的方法及系统。电感信号耦合器具有两个绕组。第一绕组串联于电力配电系统的线导体。电容连接在该配电系统的第一线导体与第二线导体之间以便电容对电源信号呈现高阻抗而对数据信号呈现低阻抗。通信器件连接到该第二绕组以便数据信号可以在该通信器件与该配电系统之间耦合。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及将通信信号耦合到电力配电系统和方法。
背景技术
通信信号可以利用包括宽频带电力线调制解调器的各种器件耦合到电力配电系统。许多宽频带电力线调制解调器使用扩展频谱调制技术,如正交频率分割多路复用(OFDM)或直接顺序扩展频谱(DSSS)。对于每秒钟几兆位的数据速率,这种调制解调器使用在1-50MHz范围内的频带。扩展频谱调制的一个优点是具有连接调制解调器而不管可使频带的某些段不能用的共振和窄带噪音的能力。但是,仍期望减少这种不能用频段的数量并由此增加数据速率和降低出错率。
扩展频谱调制解调器的信号输出需要有效地耦合于电力配电线。通常,这出现在这些线收敛的点处,如配电变压器(DT)的二次终端或附近的汇合点。然而,在该耦合点处的阻抗,称之为驱动点阻抗,可以从一些频带上很低的阻抗广泛到其它频带上很高的阻抗之间变化。在一些频带上相对简单的耦合技术可能会相当有效,但会在其它频带上引入显著的耦合损耗衰减。
并联耦合是一种常用技术,其中调制解调器通过串联隔直流电容器直接并联耦合于电力线。图1A和1B示出根据现有技术的调制解调器到电力配电系统的并联电容耦合。配电系统包括有具有阻抗ZT108的次级绕组130的配电变压器135。调制解调器A110通过隔直流电容器113经电力线115和117提供宽频带高频电流。调制解调器A110具有内部电阻RS112。
在图1B中,对于在其中|ZT|<<Rs的频带,ZT108重荷载调制解调器A110的输出而导致相当大的耦合损耗。即使调制解调器A110具有低输出阻抗,当阻抗ZT108远小于反射负载阻抗ZLrefl(未示出)时,其会遭受耦合衰减。在这种情况中,来自调制解调器A110的大部分感应电流会流经较小量值的ZT108,而仅有较少部分会经过ZLrefl流向调制解调器B140。因此,并联电容耦合对广泛变化的驱动点阻抗以及非常低的阻抗是低效率的。
发明内容
本发明的代表性实施例包括用于在基于与并联电容器连接的串联电感模式的电力配电系统上耦合数据信号的方法和相应的系统。电感信号耦合器具有两个绕组。第一绕组与配电系统的线导体串联。电容连接在配电系统的第一线导体和第二线导体之间,以便电容对电源信号呈现高阻抗而对数据信号呈现低阻抗。通信器件连接到第二绕组以便数据信号可以耦合于通信器件和配电系统之间。
在另外的实施例中,线导体可以为中性导体。通信器件可以是扩展频谱调制解调器,电感信号耦合器可以包括夹持在线导体上的分裂磁芯,以便第二绕组在磁芯上缠绕且该磁芯内的线导体部分充当第一绕组。第一绕组可以在等于数据信号的最高使用频率的1/10波长的距离内相邻于变压器的次级绕组。该定位足够近以便将耦合器基本上置于变压器次级绕组的终端。
本发明的代表性实施例还包括用于基于串联电感模式和并联电容模式耦合器将数据信号耦合于电力配电系统上的方法和相应的系统。串联电感耦合器连接到电力配电系统的第一线导体。并联电容耦合器连接在第一线导体与第二线导体之间。通信器件具有并联的第一和第二接口,第一接口连接到一个耦合器而第二接口连接到另一耦合器,以能够在通信器件与电力配电系统之间耦合数据信号。
在另一实施例中,线导体可以是中性导体。通信器件可以是扩展频谱调制解调器。电感信号耦合器可以包括夹持在线导体上的分裂磁芯,以便第二绕组在铁芯上缠绕且位于磁芯内的线导体的部分充当第一绕组。第一绕组可以相邻于变压器的次级绕组,即,在数据信号的最高使用频率的1/10波长内。
本发明的代表性实施例还包括用于通过电力配电系统的低阻抗节点耦合数据信号的方法和相应的系统。电容器与电力配电系统的低阻抗节点并联连接,且对电源信号呈现高阻抗,对数据信号呈现低阻抗。第一电感耦合器与该节点上游的线导体串联连接。第二电感耦合器与该节点下游的线导体串联连接。第一电感耦合器和第二电感耦合器可行地连接以经过节点耦合数据信号。
在另外的实施例中,信号放大器可行地连接第一电感耦合器和第二电感耦合器。选择地或附加地,数据路由器可以可行地连接第一电感耦合器和第二电感耦合器以在第一电感耦合器与第二电感耦合器之间选择地路由数据信号。在该情况中,第二电感耦合器可以是该节点下游的多个电感耦合器的一个,以便数据路由器在第一电感耦合器与该多个电感耦合器之间选择地路由数据信号。
附图说明
通过结合附图参考下面的详细描述会更容易地理解本发明,其中:
图1A和1B示出根据现有技术的调制解调器到电力配电系统的并联电容耦合。
图1C和1D示出根据本发明的一实施例的调制解调器串到电力配电系统的串联电感耦合。
图1E和1F示出根据本发明的一实施例的外加并联电容的串联电感耦合。
图1G示出三角型连接的三相电力配电变压器的串联电感耦合的一个实施例。
图2是展示出阻抗作为在典型配电变压器次级频率与阻抗函数的图。
图3A和3B示出根据本发明实施例的旁路电力配电系统的低阻抗节点。
图4示出从公共电力线收敛节点向不同电路发送分离数据流的实施例。
图5示出克服反射阻抗中的变化的实施例。
图6示出使用复合并联和串联耦合模式的实施例。
具体实施方式
本发明的代表性实施例使用宽频带通信信号到电力配电系统的改进的串联电感耦合技术。在2,000年12月28日申请的普通受让的美国专利申请09/752,705中描述了一种在中压(MV)配电网的情况下串联电感耦合的具体方法,其并如下文以作参考。与并联电容耦合相比较,串联电感耦合可以避免信号衰减,这取决于配电变压器阻抗在调制解调器的阻抗上的负载。
图1C是根据本发明的一实施例的改进的串联电感耦合器的示意图,而图1D是等效电路图。电感耦合器120在配电变压器(DT)135附近的低压电源电路的中性线115中起串联连接作用。耦合器120设置在配电变压器135的次级绕组130附近,优选地其位于在将要通过耦合器120耦合于中性线115的信号的最高使用频率的1/10波长内。
从图1D中,可以看出|ZT|108的低值会促进包括经过耦合器120耦合的调制解调器A110、变压器次级阻抗ZT108、电力线115和116、以及负载阻抗ZL160和调制解调器B140的并联组合的电路中的电流。图1D中的电路还包括反射负载阻抗ZLrefl165,其表示穿过电力线反射回驱动点的高频负载阻抗。
串联电感耦合当次级阻抗ZT108穿过目标频带均匀低时工作特别好。然而高阻抗ZT108显著增加ZT108和反射负载阻抗ZLrefl165的串联组合的总阻抗,并因此减小耦合进电力线的调制解调器的电流IL170的数量。因此,串联电感耦合可以有效地用于调制低驱动点阻抗,但会对很高的驱动点阻抗效率低。
图1E和等效电路图1F示出即使对于|ZT|108很高的频带来说保持比图1C和1D中示出的基本串联电感模式耦合的耦合效率高的一个实施例。在图1E中,有一个或更多与变压器135的次级绕组130并联的电容125。如图1F所示,电容器125并联于ZT108。该并联组合提供比ZT108单独的阻抗低的最终阻抗。因此,从调制解调器A110耦合的电流基本独立于ZT108。耦合器120是串联电感耦合器,其包括充当单匝绕组的现有电力线120A的封闭部分、绕线120A周围设置的分裂磁芯120B和缠绕在铁芯120B上的第二绕组120C。
当电容125跨接于配电变压器的次级绕组时,其降低了跨越调制解调器频带上的变压器终端的最终阻抗,电容器125还在配电频率处有效地充当开路。例如,10nF电容的阻抗在1MHz上小于16欧姆,在10MHz上小于1.6欧姆,但在60Hz处超过250千欧姆。
图2是表示阻抗作为在典型配电变压器次级频率的函数的图。曲线A表示不带电容的阻抗,曲线B表示当10nF电容并联于次级时的最终阻抗。曲线A示出在2.8-3.9MHz和16.3-30MHz频带上不带并联电容的阻抗超过40欧姆。这可能是由于在变压器绕组或导线中的并联谐振。另一方面,曲线B示出当通过10nF电容旁路配电变压器次级时,组合的并联阻抗对所有频率低于10欧姆。
本发明的实施例可适用于单相电源电路和在wye(“Y”)或三角结构中的多相电源电路。对于两相电力线(图1E中所示),或对于三相Y-连接的电力线,耦合器120优选放置在中性线115上。在该布局中,相线116和117是射频(RF)返回线路,在其之间,返回电流近似均匀地分开。这样,在建筑物145的调制解调器,连接在相线116或117中的其中之一与中性线115之间,很可能遇见相似的信号电平。这有别于将耦合器120放置在单相线且允许其它相线仅通过沿着电缆到负载的感应获得它们各自的信号。在中性线115上放置电感耦合器120还通过减少工频电流等级,即,由配电系统提供的耦合器铁芯120B中的电流,来最小化铁芯饱和效应。
图1G示出三角连接三相电力变压器170和三相线175、180和185。耦合器120放置在三相线的其中之一上,例如,线175,而剩余的相线180和185提供信号返回路径。该布置有助于平衡返回电流的幅度。如示出的那样,添加一个或多个电容125并联于电压器170的次级,以对在变压器170的次级阻抗的高频带确保电流的低阻抗路径。
图3A和3B示出根据本发明的实施例在电力输电线的两端旁路低阻抗节点的技术。这种情形的例子包括(a)线在多层建筑中线从主配电盘延伸到各层配电盘;(b)线在低压配电网中从一节点延伸到另一节点;和(c)中压(MV)线从变电站延伸到多线汇合点。简化为单相的图3A,示出如图1E和1F中所示连接的数据总线303上的调制解调器A110。变压器305可以是中压到中压和低压到低压配电变压器。
可以通过将负载连接到电路来造成低阻抗节点。例如,在终端332间连接多个负载315、320和325,造成阻抗的并联以及跨越终端332的最终低驱动点阻抗。选择或附加地,低阻抗器件333可以跨越终端332连接,且其表示与器件334下游通信的阻抗。
低阻抗节点,如终端对332可以如下被旁路。在终端对332间跨接RF短路电容360,以便确保其重要频带上的低阻抗。信号然后经过电感耦合器365和370在终端332附近被旁路。耦合器365优选地连接于电容360上游的中性线310,而耦合器370连接于终端332和电容器360的下游。由于跨越终端332的低阻抗,基本上所有的从调制解调器A110到达中性布线310上的信号电流流经耦合器365以及返回路径(如线311)。跨越终端332的低阻抗隔离从终端332左侧到达的,从终端332的右侧到达的信号。
在耦合器365和370之间的信号路径可以是(a)表示无源旁路的直接连接或(b)有源路径,该有源路径包括诸如双向信号放大器、输入和输出处于相同频带的数据中继器、或输入和输出频带彼此不相同的数据中继器的有源模块375。如果模块375包括双向升压放大器,以防止振动,由电容器360产生的衰减的量应当超出模块375的放大。
图3B示出在图3A中的布局的进一步增进。将分离的下游耦合器385连接到单独的线路,其中每一线路供给一个或多个负载,如负载315、320和325。每一单独的耦合器385由增压器或中继器如模块380的分离端口XX、YY或ZZ驱动。在端口XX、YY和ZZ的各种输出可以具有同样的波形。选择地,模块380可以包括路由器功能以向每一负载315、320和325提供单独数据流。
图4示出用于从公共的电力线收敛节点向不同电路发送分离的数据流的技术。在中压应用中,变压器435在变电站是高压到中压(HV-MV)变压器,线405和410表示到不同中压电路的供给。在低压应用中,变压器435表示中压-低压或低压-低压配电变压器,线405和410表示到建筑物内的不同建筑或层的供给。
以低压配电应用为例,图4是从配电变压器435以星型拓扑结构供电给多个建筑物440和445的示意图。通常,将多个电力电缆405和410锁定在配电变压器435的次级终端或从接近于DT435的汇合节点分开,每一电缆被路由以供给建筑物440和445的的一个分离组。例如,电缆405被路由到建筑物445,而电缆410被路由到建筑物440。虽然在图4中示出两根电缆405和410,星型拓扑结构可以包括大于两根的电缆。
电容器125和415的另外的益处是在由电缆405和410供电的各种次级负载电路之间提供高频隔离。这允许每一电缆405和410用作向建筑物440和445的每一个中的用户组传送截然不同的全带宽数据流的分离媒介。例如,在电缆410上,调制解调器1A425与调制解调器1B426通信,而在电缆405上,调制解调器2A430与调制解调器2B431通信。
图5是本发明的另一实施例的示意图,该实施例克服了在ZLrefl中的变化。为了简化,图5仅示出信号流的一个方向,系统本身实际上是双向的。调制解调器在并联模式中包括来自于具有内部阻抗RS1515的电源发生器VS1510的并联驱动,该内阻抗RS1515将实质性的信号源耦合进电力线。对在其上反射负载阻抗ZLrefl相当高的频率范围,并联驱动对于传输通信信号是非常有效的模式。双耦合模式调制解调器505设置有两个输出电路,该输出电路提供具有相同波形,振幅可能不同和/或不同阻抗级的信号。第一并联电容输出电路包括具有内部阻抗RS1515的发生器VS1510,而第二串联电感输出电路包括具有内部阻抗RS2525的发生器VS2520。例如,这些输出电路可以是由公共信号源驱动的两个输出放大器。
图5示出第一输出电路在并联模式中经过耦合电容530驱动配电变压器次级阻抗215的终端。第二输出电路驱动与第一输出电路相位相同的串联模式电感耦合器120。并联电容模式对在其上阻抗ZT和ZLrefl都相当高的频带范围提供有效地驱动。串联电感模式对在其上阻抗ZLrefl相当低的频带范围特别有效。并联和串联模式的组合在阻抗组合的大范围内提供有效驱动。
图6示出本发明的另一实施例,在其中组合的并联和串联耦合模式用于多个次级电力线605和610的情况中。一组相似的绝缘线,例如中性线,可以在直径上足够大以便防止连接单个电感耦合器120,例如如图1C中所示出的。相应地,多个耦合器620和622可以一一连接到每一中性线并通过来自调制解调器A625的相同的波形驱动。调制解调器A625设置有多个输出615A、615B和615C。输出615A和可选择的电容器635,与所有低压电力线一样,提供单独的并联驱动,低压电力线在在调制解调器信号频率处一起短路相线以便两相线可以由输出615A驱动。输出615B和615C的每一个在串联模式中驱动单个中性线。这样调制解调器A625发送和接收来自调制解调器626和631的数据。虽然图6示出具有两条电力线的拓扑结构,但其可以包括任意合适数目的线。
虽然已经公开了本发明的各种示例性的实施例,但对本领于技术人员显而易见地可以在不脱离本发明的真实范围内做出的各种获得本发明的一些优点的变化和修改。
Claims (28)
1.用于在配电系统上耦合数据信号的方法,该方法包括:
在与配电变压器的次级绕组相邻的电力配电系统的变压器次级线导体上安装电感信号耦合器;和
将通信器件连接到所述电感信号耦合器以便数据信号可以在所述通信器件与所述电力配电系统之间耦合;
其中所述电感信号耦合器包括夹持在所述变压器次级线导体上的分裂磁性铁芯,且电感绕组缠绕在所述铁芯上以便所述铁芯内的所述变压器次级线导体的部分耦合所述数据信号。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述安装电感信号耦合器进一步将所述在数据信号的最高使用频率的1/10波长内相邻于所述配电变压器的所述次级绕组放置所述耦合器。
3.根据权利要求1的方法,进一步包括:
将电容器跨接在所述变压器次级绕组的两个终端以便所述电容器对电源信号呈现高阻抗并且对数据信号呈现低阻抗。
4.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述变压器次级线导体是中性导体。
5.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述通信器件是扩展频谱调制解调器。
6.用于在电力配电系统上耦合数据信号的数据信号系统,所述信号系统包括:
在配电变压器附近的电力配电系统的变压器次级线导体上安装的电感信号耦合器;和
通信器件,其连接到所述电感信号耦合器以便数据信号可以在所述通信器件与所述电力配电系统之间耦合;
其中所述电感信号耦合器包括夹持在所述变压器次级线导体上的分裂磁性铁芯,且电感绕组缠绕在所述铁芯上以便在所述铁芯内的部分的所述变压器次级线导体耦合数据信号。
7.根据权利要求6的信号系统,其中所述电感信号耦合器在所述数据信号的最高使用频率的1/10波长内相邻于所述配电变压器的所述次级绕组安装。
8.根据权利要求6的信号系统,进一步包括:
电容器,其跨接于所述变压器次级绕组的两个终端以便所述电容器对电源信号呈现高阻抗而对数据信号呈现低阻抗。
9.根据权利要求6的信号系统,其中所述变压器次级线导体是中性导体。
10.根据权利要求6的信号系统,其中所述通信器件是扩展频谱调制解调器。
11.用于在配电系统上耦合数据信号的方法,所述方法包括:
将串联电感耦合器连接到电力配电系统的第一线导体;
将并联电容耦合器连接在所述第一线导体和第二线导体之间;和
提供具有并联的第一和第二接口的通信器件,一个接口连接到所述电感耦合器并且所述第一和第二接口的另一接口连接到所述电容耦合器,以能够在所述通信器件与所述电力配电系统之间耦合数据信号。
12.根据权利要求11的方法,其中所述第一线导体是中性导体。
13.根据权利要求11的方法,其中所述通信器件是扩展频谱调制解调器。
14.根据权利要求11的方法,其中所述电感信号耦合器包括在所述第一线导体上夹持的分裂磁性铁芯。
15.根据权利要求11的方法,其中所述配电系统包括配电变压器且并且所述电感信号耦合器在所述数据信号的最高使用频率的1/10波长内相邻于所述变压器的次级绕组连接。
16.用于在配电系统上耦合数据信号的数据信号系统,所述信号系统包括:
连接在电力配电系统的第一线导体的串联电感耦合器;
连接在所述第一线导体和第二线导体之间的并联电容耦合器;和
具有并联的第一和第二接口的通信器件,所述第一接口连接于一个耦合器,而第二接口连接于另一耦合器,以能够在所述通信器件与所述电力配电系统之间耦合数据信号。
17.根据权利要求16的信号系统,其中所述第一线导体是中性导体。
18.根据权利要求16的信号系统,其中所述通信器件是扩展频谱调制解调器。
19.根据权利要求16的信号系统,其中所述电感信号耦合器包括在第一线导体上夹持的分裂磁性铁芯。
20.根据权利要求16的信号系统,其中所述配电系统包括配电变压器且所述电感信号耦合器在所述数据信号的最高使用频率的1/10波长内相邻于所述变压器次级绕组连接。
21.用于跨越配电系统的低阻抗节点耦合数据信号的方法,该方法包括:
将电容器并联于电力配电系统的低阻抗节点,所述电容器对电源信号呈现高阻抗并且对数据信号呈现低阻抗;
在所述节点上游将第一电感耦合器串联于线导体;
在所述节点下游将第二电感耦合器串联于所述线导体;
可操作地连接所述第一电感耦合器与所述第二电感耦合器以跨越所述节点耦合数据信号。
22.根据权利要求21的方法,其中可操作地连接包括在所述第一电感耦合器与所述第二电感耦合器之间连接信号放大器。
23.根据权利要求21的方法,其中可操作地连接包括在所述第一电感耦合器与所述第二电感耦合器之间连接数据路由器,以用于在所述第一电感耦合器与所述第二电感耦合器之间选择性路由数据信号。
24.根据权利要求21的方法,其中所述第二电感耦合器是所述节点下游的多个电感耦合器的其中之一,且其中所述数据路由器在所述第一电感耦合器与所述多个电感耦合器之间选择性路由数据信号。
25.用于跨越电力配电系统的低阻抗节点耦合数据信号的数据信号系统,所述数据信号系统包括:
并联于电力配电系统的低阻抗节点的电容,且其对电源信号呈现高阻抗而对数据信号呈现低阻抗;
在所述节点上游串联于线导体的第一电感耦合器,
在所述节点下游串联于所述线导体的第二电感耦合器;
其中所述第一电感耦合器和所述第二电感耦合器可操作地连接以跨越该节点耦合数据信号。
26.根据权利要求25的数据信号系统,将信号放大器可操作地连接所述第一电感耦合器与所述第二电感耦合器。
27.根据权利要求25的数据信号系统,将数据路由器可操作地连接所述第一电感耦合器与所述第二电感耦合器,以在所述第一电感耦合器与所述第二电感耦合器之间选择性路由数据信号。
28.根据权利要求27的数据信号系统,其中所述第二电感耦合器是所述节点下游的多个电感耦合器的其中之一,且其中所述数据路由器在所述第一电感耦合器与所述多个电感耦合器之间选择性路由数据信号。
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2002
- 2002-02-25 US US10/082,063 patent/US6809633B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-02-25 WO PCT/US2002/005508 patent/WO2002080396A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2002-02-25 MX MXPA03008859A patent/MXPA03008859A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2002-02-25 EA EA200301069A patent/EA005560B1/ru unknown
- 2002-02-25 CA CA002442302A patent/CA2442302A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-02-25 AU AU2002240479A patent/AU2002240479B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-02-25 EP EP02706391A patent/EP1374436A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-02-25 IL IL15814902A patent/IL158149A0/xx unknown
- 2002-02-25 BR BR0208539-9A patent/BR0208539A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-02-25 KR KR10-2003-7012760A patent/KR20030097818A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-02-25 CN CNB028092457A patent/CN100336312C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-02-25 JP JP2002578681A patent/JP2004532562A/ja active Pending
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US5559377A (en) * | 1989-04-28 | 1996-09-24 | Abraham; Charles | Transformer coupler for communication over various lines |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103797721A (zh) * | 2011-09-09 | 2014-05-14 | 住友电气工业株式会社 | 供电系统和连接器 |
CN103797721B (zh) * | 2011-09-09 | 2015-11-25 | 住友电气工业株式会社 | 供电系统和连接器 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EA200301069A1 (ru) | 2004-04-29 |
IL158149A0 (en) | 2004-03-28 |
JP2004532562A (ja) | 2004-10-21 |
CA2442302A1 (en) | 2002-10-10 |
WO2002080396A1 (en) | 2002-10-10 |
US6809633B2 (en) | 2004-10-26 |
KR20030097818A (ko) | 2003-12-31 |
EA005560B1 (ru) | 2005-04-28 |
US20020171535A1 (en) | 2002-11-21 |
EP1374436A1 (en) | 2004-01-02 |
MXPA03008859A (es) | 2004-10-15 |
AU2002240479B2 (en) | 2005-08-11 |
CN1537365A (zh) | 2004-10-13 |
BR0208539A (pt) | 2004-03-30 |
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