CA2698408A1 - Safety vent structure for extracorporeal circuit - Google Patents
Safety vent structure for extracorporeal circuit Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2698408A1 CA2698408A1 CA2698408A CA2698408A CA2698408A1 CA 2698408 A1 CA2698408 A1 CA 2698408A1 CA 2698408 A CA2698408 A CA 2698408A CA 2698408 A CA2698408 A CA 2698408A CA 2698408 A1 CA2698408 A1 CA 2698408A1
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- Prior art keywords
- component
- vent structure
- porous
- micro
- chamber
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3621—Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3627—Degassing devices; Buffer reservoirs; Drip chambers; Blood filters
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3621—Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3622—Extra-corporeal blood circuits with a cassette forming partially or totally the blood circuit
- A61M1/36226—Constructional details of cassettes, e.g. specific details on material or shape
- A61M1/362262—Details of incorporated reservoirs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3621—Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3639—Blood pressure control, pressure transducers specially adapted therefor
- A61M1/3641—Pressure isolators
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3621—Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3643—Priming, rinsing before or after use
- A61M1/3644—Mode of operation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3621—Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3622—Extra-corporeal blood circuits with a cassette forming partially or totally the blood circuit
- A61M1/36222—Details related to the interface between cassette and machine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3621—Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3622—Extra-corporeal blood circuits with a cassette forming partially or totally the blood circuit
- A61M1/36226—Constructional details of cassettes, e.g. specific details on material or shape
- A61M1/362261—Constructional details of cassettes, e.g. specific details on material or shape at least one cassette surface or portion thereof being flexible, e.g. the cassette having a rigid base portion with preformed channels and being covered with a foil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3621—Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3639—Blood pressure control, pressure transducers specially adapted therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3621—Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3643—Priming, rinsing before or after use
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/12—General characteristics of the apparatus with interchangeable cassettes forming partially or totally the fluid circuit
- A61M2205/123—General characteristics of the apparatus with interchangeable cassettes forming partially or totally the fluid circuit with incorporated reservoirs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/70—General characteristics of the apparatus with testing or calibration facilities
- A61M2205/705—Testing of filters for leaks
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/75—General characteristics of the apparatus with filters
- A61M2205/7527—General characteristics of the apparatus with filters liquophilic, hydrophilic
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/75—General characteristics of the apparatus with filters
- A61M2205/7536—General characteristics of the apparatus with filters allowing gas passage, but preventing liquid passage, e.g. liquophobic, hydrophobic, water-repellent membranes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/75—General characteristics of the apparatus with filters
- A61M2205/7563—General characteristics of the apparatus with filters with means preventing clogging of filters
Abstract
A vent assembly (150, 270) is described for use in an extracorporeal fluid unit (100). A vent structure (146, 264) adjacent to a micro-porous membrane (144, 260) forms the assembly. The vent structure is porous, but expands when the vent structure becomes wet, thereby closing off the pores and inhibiting (e.g., preventing) fluid from flowing through the vent structure. The vent structure also protects the membrane from becoming wet, such as from condensation.
Description
SAFE`ry Vl",'N'.I' STRC'C`FtJRE FOR EX'FRACORPOREAL
._. .......
CIRCUIT
CRO~~-R~~~FER~~:~NCE ,l'O RELXFED APP~ IC:VVIO?~s Thl s i~r,.'rf'4.,at'f;sÃ;. Oli:i.Ã-#.f"s, thi: "~`3Q-fC:1-it C?ffffifi. 81l >`31~: t~1t`a:e- t5f U.~ , 11 "'53vis ,.on c.i 60'97 y ;0, filed St ftcYl1bS i 19, NO . >'s`lti o3m.itits L?f'U ` ti.pj lni hlfC`d?
No. 4+{?`L} ?;,? ffe 7:rfcorÃ>;oÃ'sl.i:Ed ~?y Ã'c.fieÃ'cilL:t, as p`ctit t)fFfpplÃc-Fad0fl.
TECH~ICAi_ FIELD
-FhuJ a.1;~Ei? iik rzl.3ras l#`,`> cX f'ai:i:zÃ"pt]Ã'S::i3l tl:.Ã]ci ~If4lÃf';ti.
BACKGROU]ND
:m1o4'L'.o toxic S-tib`taÃ1ceS and zt.'aE.taE?;?ti.. vva~,?i, ft3V:'I:t -kJzu Ãi?lL?t?dstI`C.c#:Ill e;X.tr:'rv0~']of'L?iF.l I. IIti-LÃ1t wi'Llt 1:t3#:21L:I-its C3t s1g r oti: to poa'r'~`t?rm ulE'#:Ãii1t:'aÃ_o. and diff,.fstoÃ-z.:l'.,~;''ilC?t3d. Bel-(?:Ã'w~ the blood is 3"+:. :i.fi'.aa:i$ x.L} :>Ãti: bi;>d\ a.i1.
:?a3Nf.'=s a.C, rLm:.3 i cd _`,?f?f fhC: blood to 1Ã'?.llibft ma7E3l SUMMARY
`<5, rif one iis-pect, r.l.ti Lrxtr;Ã.i:$)'f'pofi,<al 1$1.:d.Ãcal Tho i:ofl"3,31}IiQÃ::` ,Ã.3;'.tifdc.s a vc,nf A ve1ii s:4"i.icvuz: :ii;
.ti~=#il f.? Gt mL`a_b1a#v 3 ?i"m the ss-c. 3b \d= Thi4 b"eva structure ;S po? iLÃ5. but Qx2 ....`id'.: \4 l;ez: the R'cml 0 ~x ~., ;~. ~ ; s';: ~ti ~;~ : :f.i'='.
:it3i.Ãca-ui'Ã; bt,c,?ma.~ ,--vi:.t~ f..im K~y c3:if;>fÃ'.g t?ff t'h<:(7ofE:) i1.:1S.: .Ãni3:~.3ifÃF:g fi`Snlf fll,i3'4' ÃfÃ:y ffir 5Ã.gl.P dw vent structure. The vent stl`Ã_Ã+.;:f7:f`i: 11`o S,,.Z:f'otL,f::s, L..1 mZ:.2.b,.:Ã_f'.=l~
,m `fedl 4 fti?m Lf?I'idsv 3ti'tStflo11. l3G f:<?:I3pi3nri :s L '`5F1~.Yti.
of oe: \_', if: cf:
, , , S >=:g "~ , f :
a,t;?~.a ?t.f?T"s:~; >-S.cf ?,_ijirÃL'.~#. ~s11:?C cErl:lÃft, i,:Ã
.r ¾~sp/s !~[ that { C) S
i. , f ;.1.
JÃf v~Y~.\JCki~..r 4Lfi~+i;{ l.{L~1} ¾?~:Ss~l'KV~y` ~.fd:4#6~Fr'L-'S4~k+
fYpytt>2[.iW.`a~.. (aZa~ i~! \~vY.~.Ã!~.`y] i.fà a Pitti.~~%i3~~~r . A vml C1~~3,v ~~~:= is K4~3 Yf? \ S \ \1 ~{
,wr`.s~r. ~ o~.sL.'=~.~ iI3~.~'2L:: f~3.~.1~acl ~?i1$.7\~t~~:Ã~'. Is3~:. ~~i#~
.Ila.Il:.k-'s <3'L'cnt srli,~Ai.#.n and a mlclo pori.?u" Ã'.3embrf$nc. 'I'bi? structure ts porit f=, bu,~ exE>.:.`af.is 7 4~..
25 when L~~~.~ Li.:f.. 44::.c ., i rt~..> } t Y ~ and ::Ã.ii;tEif'L t ~S;i:,37?~+.}3 i~,tl thereby L<RCs41`fg; off the r?i?3'4;. ,~
afliiõi. aÃ`i3m ffli3'iK3+'.i3'1~ through E}lv 's'L T3E S*ri 13K;:`.":.Ã#"e.
vt.`A]t ..h"ita::":.Ã.o also cT- ;t ~ Y r ~#%'(:~3f21 ' 1ti. "'~ :~.1`~s1 :7 ~:3`aà ~~,lt.1~; . > .~. E:
c..~~+..v ,.~t.Zir. 'Sõ~ .~~ Ã... ;t='~ 3>~ ~ÃF':; ; ~~E' L., . ,`Lti:~ ? sl . *~3- ~`
~~. .iSià .Y'?: x...fa<.~-'Ã, K
a?iE?~L tii.l?f i i:i3v i? 4 i? ~i s1*~? i .~t?f~63?,''..i.~t.~~~.~ 1.Ãf ~i?.Ã#L: with <i. ~~Ã..~.C~ *::3.:'..t 1~ .:IY~fa: a 73:~fv.:~~,i;= tTC.~.,,'., \l.:d~L~=~2~ such that t~~.'l; '~~1.:~"~i`
aiisl.'~#?~d.f~~nJx?~~ii~~~~~ ~i~.;:.~~:,P. flowing ~~n~..~3. t~?.''?f~.
4L'.Ci'~?:`~
{
I.r ~3~"~3 l'f)#:ia.c3t~~i:3:.,'*.~y >3~:a' =).`*`4ti~t11'a' tica.'a:s 3ii.:.'i_#""
:#. ,f Ift3ri:ff.,i ¾:q)ea,..`.'., an exi'3'saL.o3'j'4mal. medical fIxL#.>et i:;ir4f.iia <lprm..<?bu5 0 s.. y f<3t rL.:nsOv}ng >.Z# 1.it>.w1.f:.bod(ly[F.qttAdin ~'uxl?44cVqwLe(2_1, 4=#:tn.rWt>y us4E.:.t#? a }.?4di? ,t3.iaaysi.T
, dosL}#b,~d. TtzQ appLiraÃus, tttL~udes, a Lh,.tmeber I:4rvt mg a flu,d ~.~a ypoA< a fluid ei;t po,'.':, ib xia -a vent 'c3tsembiy. ~'he veiit assembly f,achudG's .;'a]1 crtS jy)" ?a.>s In4mbmanw, :2nia a vL:~i S~F.# ~if~`~ ~~{.~ji'#~..'.i-io-. ~.f? t~:~~
~.lx~.s..;.'i?-~~E~a..sL:t 1~3t`~.~,t?I .,:~~::~. ~~ =1a: Z"4:#ai.
SirFidE3AV ?a"tl":.t><'k a porous material thtft Is capable of 3 iw.
,fl,,iÃd ea"lhFy Port and tht: fh3:ii.z`. C>tit pi'ii Fs:CL'` i!usi#1gCGd to alh<v lte.#id to pass 4il oE:k;h rhw 4'hC.J.i3phu']. iZoi1: t1hf.v entry !+`~.~~~.5 to k~l~.iV' exit port s5_{i~iM
~S(_i ~l.t.i.t tt3L: chamber ~.L i.~.v l L..Z-~W.t\ when back ~~t': s4z~.;='~; is vap~~~~.~..~~.. ~~
[ n~~. the '~'..rt~.s:~~at~1~
ttly is auan~,.ed to aE;3v~ gas to Gxh ~z~:~:.
chwmbo:: as .he hqta?d p ;~sos through tlio frl~~~niber, in ket aaoflae-r .#spz;.c;, an il3;eg<<3:ted fILlac1 C#rcu~t ct?mpol;4=n:
a,ftqw<> w SS:`a1.::n <3 dialysis rnai?a31w is df.3f.:.i'lbed. '11i,:, i;;+,`:17:ipi?nr',,xly ~.Tali;i.ldcS <?rÃgid.
i v. s1;b`tar,tl lly x#?adn z?L'+r"'.i3ii and a psl.uia:ky of tet".essei$po#.'t#ot;.i 4 >`<.rt ~;`~ ~ ir:#rn O..#. J:li:`.f ;ma:1 po rt.~.?Ã;. and a l3~:'x1~,?ai:, I~c3S ~i:i,3L ~ ~~C~3~1~%I~1z33~s ~xi least E?.lb, of the .~f zLi-::~iL.<_~ ~."'~)`,i#?.~a'>+. A
. . . . . . . . .
fiz'; i #"oces--,od pz?.,,:t1a:t offfie :3,1F'Ãultty of recessed portions fi3;
#.tf:^ <: sk'I7:3i1.:ft.~.Z:1 A.S.,cx)ta:?
I".',f..cs?.i+.'.iA P<3rt1oti of `zic Pluml:ty of a ecC':ise<i P{)l: ttlC):t-,(::i fon`ans a first t<hwat`#:`=z ..za at is #.:, 11mF.
~t3:1"`,.~x3lJ.:~lt=i#~i+`_F W`_th the d:1:mllbcr, 2111d a third 1'i;<.L.a4iwo, pa..aftii}#`. of the pltrrafitt' t3x 3wGes4:vE.`f 4:V poA\icas }f.mr`.^.a ;i]4.Wori\2 \:iiari.iel in fluid communication w#ffi, Ori+.. 1:: t[bt,p.b\.-. 2,hZ.=
vf1`i1ptitlt 37i i.3lsaas .wB.tda..s a i'e#,t ds5e#idblJ' that is iil I
l`Li;E3. CC37n.:afmac,..n"t?:1 ` fhL>
,~ . .ti ~ ~ a Z ,ti ~e. y Y ~=. . i `
:;~::13~,~.~~lE.`=~". 3;li ~#;:Yb#.~'i3~., i~%;~E:31~.:` a S'3 ati~~:}~}~C~>'zL}a,FC 1~~aLl~~i)~'F.F..V .,:.#,i ~.:+..3aI'i~`, , 1?1 , ol `sai,t,?ffie,' as~.;Ga,t a dialysis tiy5te#.'x ts d:sCa'1bed. Tlw `ywwnz a m.cdZ;hf,ne body, a purnp o:1 t3..C i7:ai:::h :z"#i; btfdy. and fluid circuitry tubes) in ;-l#at~~
~5 ct;?'#,3nlu#.3iecatid):l witI3 tl3.o pl:mp. The pl:+l~ip is oS:3#2fi`?`a.2a"'`: k43 Ã3 tish fluid tbu"Ãs w,h the Z:ia'f:llEtFy'. The Mysle.'n <al`'si'3 7ati~1#t~~~ a vme as?;einbly 1#~
EtL1Fii ~ bl ?rf w.11~i1~.~ tI. w.iri ffiQ
fluid L, i'.,ii.tt`t`4`: ~he vod3t as`;',"I"#7b1 y 3aY".=zud't.".'? a Tu?i'wTo 'poS'o'a"~'`_~'. I,:C:1.>brCSn6;,. and a t'o-=a`=t.
~~~.#a=~i1t?c; aE.ji3ca,.3e to lhl #.nwIo ptfTf_Alls mE-`_S.11r}ra'e3S:.. x ila`.. Vt:-T:ft ,stT'fS-.ssul'e m. wri.i~~~ha. is capable t}'!` `'t'e l.Fl7ngg w:iiNi moisCe#aed.
t {r iTi c3 ~<Zi~' z z`ci\~~L~=i, :'e. a"i7w=~~1~?L~ of A'Z=#3'~t~~'71~r~? air fT`L3~#.i :x: ~_at3~:.#a c' >#4iwE1 a>I[ .`>.4~=?~ ~1 c.,*#Lyf.dk-:Y' is dcsf:rib~.~.'f. A dh4?nibe~wii.han eA}tiy porl. ~,mex?t port, a 2 merrtb "si:m.= c3.iid a , efÃE structure is provided. A first 11i t3Ãd 14 passed ihwu<~,,, i;71'< i.x3t;'V
p{3;ly -f3lAi.IitF; .3i#:: chadnb[:> so dz at s#.;lislait.lci9ly.i-:iC3 .Ãir-ri'.';:Ã3c1,ns IT~ tbG Ã~:hc?n:tbs:.. A second 3ÃLiZ`-..bld 9s- pti4w:d i?IÃ'iiu;~ f..,I4 entry ~Ca~'~.3Ã13T of ~~>tF= t -~ t :.~Ãi~~. . liquid out ~: :~ tf l., ..:t<; an t 7i ~~~r~. M~; ~~i~Ã~, ~~?.Ãa~,.~~ ;i i3"~
port of blS,L. 5Iiw'mber and )orining a Fi.q-L~~(I"~iquid is.iterffi\.e b(:.:5wt..t..Ãi.fll1: im wnd sGt.ouli_Ã
Any gaJ bi.ie,3#?3.L, v =~lx:Er di3:i'a 1I1 thG= 5C`cC31`lci liquid can bL.tzÃ'ced out of~.~;~:3:: (,.haa:i3;zbL',r >hrc?ugh the ?3'?iL,nlwp',`>Ifo L74 :::3'~embI~aneand the vei3t s.T u:'wt'o;
i_;i13b 4.?dI`t s o" f i1l c i1.1s :I Z3s c CI m c t 1=1+.3di's, ay5,'vm s :cI`,fi d u:i ...~.~s xlia .4' .#._.c .u d t. .siic c?r po`_`CisÃz+v of `c'.bi ..:t 15 Lt3 :Ãbt?z#f4,C
F.,e Zi?' SiTLFZtEEFe Qi3il have %3vi 's35`L`1 toc-!
if y Tho vkvt :"o-ruc.Ure cwn i~~~itide. a Pul~"mcr such t~s polzeth r aer < "o., 1~~~~i den.:' pÃ`,lJ`et~:~ylenS.< (i-iDPF)j, pi,lvi1.3#'1~pylt'.i1a.} or ptily:~tyff'=Ã1e:
"` hv ~?E:=n, `G.i'Ã.t'i,',w'o can '.. include a Sw'a;FlF,i3.g i'geà ?,.
?G#i.h as (CNIC), r ncÃ..~~I-e~~~4-cellulosu oA f3t1 e'r .sirnflar ;~~'vellmg atepnm ~~"'} M ; ) a i~E:y { ,..V .\ ~t =~ ^~ !2)'}2} blend ` ( [)' C ( ~ l ,{S} and $j yx t~S .Z~' n} ~:.~}i ~li:t~~.a lwS~2i iS.~VSL~W~/ a l~'wNÃa.t} \?.i R~ A,,`l?~ ~~ Li Y~f,i-~iFa .,`S~V` 4> 2Si t~1v.~h=A
ià ?~.
t~.~Ãe ;'e::`it :~~"x3L~~w.:E." :a#.. ~,a<'1~'Se, c.Ã ~i~Ti:~ii.~i3'l''.Ss greater than i.Ã ffin4:k~~`.css t?d .., `.It.,sO..
pi3 +.7i,32i Ã"rw;.nbrane.
t~'.
Thi P .r t,~~, . =, }It.`.0'~: an sS`C:;Ã":k ~. ,~ o ~ `S.:F'. ':5..:~
~3".~'i?j_FI~C`i.3 1#:aE:~l~.~`3T`~':Etx~ can {~zn ~~t~sC:~s:C: of F>.+.t~_.
.T:..
W about :s. .'3 nnita'C3n` (e.g<,, about 0.22 dilic=I'i7fÃs or c`_'.bt)irt 0.2 microns), The n?i:i.".s-pf33't3i.iS i'3-3.ai3'1bn-ÃÃlf' can be held by a phiJt#:t i i=I
? I"1sCrt lli=a.it LY 4at31 a~";, ;.#2mas..]l:,c 63%s':;ld!?Ãg; aL,he,~i~-'i,`x C:lampt":?~.?, t`, ) :ÃÃ?d dhc.l <#.z,5c.Ii.,?'3:y c,m ztlõ+:
t>.L4';~J.Q1.Lv CAf\ ~']~~>'`i1F ~~~5 2-J()iWÃAvg }.tt,4.= :~M't.a}O='=p\~rott-, me)nb74CdShc. .Lifr..ABtL\? ,>:ta.wf.t.i:-c.
In sc~.nc c:i'#.abodimenes= a Sl> i.3{.f.Li.t'd-'_= or ;Ã~seÃne?l'4' ei?i"i Ti,6wlz' tplt:sti+ rfing- into ~vb.i:,: y., r~_.~?? Zd~ 1.,,s: a"Ã1 <:, " ~`~''~s--.~` a . ~; ~,.i..~ ~. ~=~
~~,~',:.~vf.s2 t~~4~ .k`Iix s``,ÃI~;E.>E.Ls .,i.E~: >~~:
~ i~`~ ..`~Ãf:s Cs~.'a ?.~7'Yi#1~.,~' .~ r l, 25 sEructi3:i't,' c3s2ii I'omil#s, the vt;.ili. 's-tiui:turc a[ijacc33i to ftiÃm`zc"33 pC1"riDi`zti' f.ii:Ãnb...e,:`.e.
F ~4 S't.=~i~. L e' ay~auZu~.> ~1..=`Gz.cl.~ :2~~1.='~~~~.~1}-~= ,3 a [#
first q '3 ~,Z=Z ~`~?~.t`.'~i :f1y~..-}jt`JZ.E= :i ^:tt:.:ta C:i'r=4 f.it:.4 }
~.:i 1~
kne?~3c`,rant., eae3d a ~w~~,ond porous l<`-lb,.;f' Fl:ct":ÃL:C,i3t to Li`li:
first PC.7fl'oÃ,is l3yCz."
1 w ~"tico'i3d. i?C?:il?i#"'s layer can .i?'s:.A'11dc :i pt.>Ãt3'cs ei7 7.?IIi3., t1ha;t is ++..c1p::K. of swÃ.Ã.51ng vv? e:3 'moÃ>wme.?.
J0 .w s1 ;3t 3owow? ,.c1;'er can ah,,t3 1Ã":clÃiU.c a porous m:[tE i i.al f:i::Ã, is ::,ap.a.`>le of The,' vi;`C;oÃ..~`~. poFoF,., la}4~:e can bave a greater prC;pon;'s.FÃ}' :.o swell in à 3G x.:f e F7.S tr of mo.3i`:>F::F' thu, tht, ;.7.NA ptTrot`a~ layer.
.I'i1C.::ecC?nCla porous layer 4;m have i$d1 i;ltiiõri$.4;"ÃÃ'`. pore Si}.t,t,mt i {rYT'>ai.S : 21# i:in ~:~' c~?st h7S33i.'. tiF:c'.c 13: the a`f,it porous A<11'Gr, For Cx<J.Fiip,l#.., tbo fms;t porous li-Ebi...' ti.i3.> have ...+.aii ...vo..ra-S. porC. i}f a.Fi;k..tm 10 Fr3Fti.'';1ilJ. and ih 'k;sL:{.'i}ndiitiroue" 1,.F4ek C:wF:F hi.!'i'ea'i.~
i3i'o"i~gv pore size (? i abo5F.li, 30 m:crons:
R1, :+va,f'iad pL?>o?,l:i layer ciÃF? include about _5% to about 5W.';t by EZ=`o 4..,jIi.
;~.~ ~~~, fca ~o~at 10% ~~L'~ by ~~ ` ~^eil a ixt The first pi?.Ã'f)l,-, la4'er ca3:x i1.+,:lFbdE`. 0% to about 10% by wt~igh;:
i;:~e1õl?ZlxYm4,0,I'S"~cell Wi3sG (c.g., JÃ.'s8 than 5% b?' we1pl1t The t:~~.< 4(?Fy3i?i~'LFi I:'wfkiL'i~l Pi1,FiLi i:tr0u#t ~.^.t3,Li.pi:YF
c.Fl_Ã can be t zÃ:fi?:F .w r+,`>.F' i.?S4 Iff>
an ciir?'e.iea`'ctd a;zii`~iF.bi'+.F`
T.a.,` ;?r~3',xt?2'jx's?'F;'.al .Faed#.i`=al fluid circuit t.+SInps`.~TFC
.iFt can be confii3':I>4d fo:F use i1i a.
-; -.31?Sdut;=i.l 1L ThL= e..x;aacm"()(3# e'Al'#:.t'SlTC.:al flCald o.$1`z:.:'"si`t' f`O#,i;:
#3OI1OM c.#.F; be ws3fip.od for ww iit ..
biz3C?d t ai`cw33.. "I'he iT3?o#.i S.:F.acl,FiÃ` can b5; capable of being used w#t1? -a : tFi3?.a#.
'ITw Itl:',y.:#o. po..YZruF? :~.:~C''F`IibIaF.eY: can bt.'. beiclv#.,e#l Ãb5..`- $'eFlt s'o1ul'.turEr and the ti=~.,c#F#'.? ~i.
~.~ 3 +õ i õÃ':_ S~.Iu4luF e cet.il. #Fii lC3.i$t p4>tCsua" mcdfiena3 Ã.~~~t is t;=apablo of s;vOli#:g Z3.`:m moi:i ;, oi,:G=d .
II,a`L dÃ.;l`viIs : vs<.t...x?l. can include ~i p3 #.?ssla.'zL "Ã#'t3nsduC;ir w3d F#'_,:.z:>& cce r #'oF<.c.;or thal #:3cli.lt$e5 the vt'.nt, as, Li1-11"Iy, ,Ã-Iha~ T.ÃW..S:l1..~:'u'# 3.{3toLt(ra ::all be d1Spt?nd bet',xi.etI, and 9I1 I':F1:Fd wAih. the ~in-uià y w.it; ii-#c presstiri trnsducer..
~ ~~,si~ the ~eG{.Zro.i liquid Ã~1#s_E.~ ~[!; $~1G ~.x17.Ãry port _~r1`s C can i a~LiiiE~ E3u t izs.ÃT.,<
~,^i~ ~: v, s?5 f'oF12 the swQi3:-1d exquid .hT~.~uHgh the t#rlLit} pf1ro#%.'.R me1-i3bi'an4 and ..':ow:n,~~õ i:.3ii:aoi:3wum ti>
pass #i-1'Ãoug{ ."x`3e S'i"#it ci3ustl7-; the :''+..:11t `ÃI'ur"L#.1e- trty s'.SFiL
i~_Jti#cr aspects, fUaFÃ1-ur4s, and s.FGFv'r.I.r1tagC':i are in [-iiS;
dt:it.tapt;t]#3 i.l.t?:, ~~
D='s CRI VIJO N OF DRANNIl~ ~~S
EIG I :s fj s;,thunt~~ie lfaagrx-11 ot`a~-i cxititct~rp.>:ca1 fl~~~d canai:':
..L:=: h4~n:od,a~y.sal-~
FIt., .2 #s. ,dhef7"?afic v.iGL,~' of a pI't:4::{BI"Z: s~.'I14c#"
atiheÃt?bf'i;
z :"Ki 3A f s sii_^.C., v5.c~b' C?f'a tTak-iSdt3ce1prott:dCIr:
FIG. ,' a`~
, is, 'a c#`õss--st;;ct#.ki#lai , We view oT itie rÃ'ii.tlatiiÃ.ca pro:ws:=t:?i' s;}f `~C? 3A, F IC\ 4A, iw a L:Ã4 ~~ ~ti.~t3~31zct~ 5,.do 1'iC;Al' (?'~~Yzi fini.pal:: 4?f th", "SAz'?sCzu>~;`,..l ~`~ti?t~.: Gi3T`~~f ;
"'IG 3A.
i'.G 413 is .. i::.=~S'~,?s:? :?[:=C.tii?.F3al. `id4= view i,Pfa Sf:c(?.EI.d pe3r, t?ftlI.. .'.I'wnti{..eact : ~3#~~.~L:St1 ~#, of.lt sC), 3A.
1?' i{ , .;..=`r = .. .. {Y st~ymg #.L?L.= t ~'= i i:..~:i.=~, ,~ ~'L.i'~~ , c3x.~,,,G''= L`..,C1~h \L:='4`~$'t'+#h't:~ 4~`~=!'~5 ~F.lf.i~sii ~~i assembly ~:. ~\r ~'~ .3E.; : ?`:L' 3`.i~.3a4.
=1Tott :'Lrt'f F:C~ 'A.
F3GS, r;AaTld 613 #ll[T:atra>t', a d#i:flL=sV4 maS,ht21ts mC.a.lstiiril g F'+~ra,.=w-SiYrt Y.,.1w:.:3 i of ili +,::C~1'e#i:w)~3<iC.i;~ i~3i;Esi~ L=#t~~:lfdi.
~ +-~:. .~'~sG 7 is ..F, tiohemtitii: i:ross-: e{ .'#.i.3nal vTt:~=~ o1.`i,Y-ii air #"4% ~ i , .~#i..''3~." ~'4, ~.>,.
` .~'s...E. '~.
:1sscm.1b. i''.
FRJ. IA.~ a scahemat:icic3p ~~iew oi~~~o air rclc::,yc .;ham,?Q:rofFIG. . .
z.,F bottom air i~}: 7:~ 3~ a s~..~~."#a~~~tki, F?\'l`'\=i~ of the El`r4l!
tsso ..ba3~.%bC'.r of 1-1(1 ~~U.] . l.= I:t ai^1.~lvtLiLiS:.\. p4 3`spb..l.~}.ivE.= view of "i].4+ [.tii. .ciei.xs;.= chL(inb~w3` W.FS.Cf. 7:
20 V+D, 7E, i?A)(3. i a:`+'a:i3c1.4h, :ii.:h4.anii.tic c.r(?s: sG,.ctiE?..#ul v:'L'.F' . ~?.4 . re3 :S:r PIG 8 is a sch;,.nrafic -l.op vif.A-v o'4.'a hydraphojbik filter E`scn.-,bly.
3"~t 3 SA is a 4cf,'=h`4nuSi.F.t <3; th4 h}i oi, S. tCik4'S.i alo] `Si :zSt\ SA"t:.Ax 25 PHIG 9 ?~ s 4c:#.:.3cFiic top. view #.)f a vciit S1#~`~.ÃcÃE?.re.
:G, 3A: i`3 Gi.-os Sewili?nal.''it.':~:v of :he v4''T?i: `at1'~a.`cti?iC: of 1-,.~~3 `~. ~4::*..c> ..0:7n~_ .ti:~~:
9A, FI'Ls. HO i a ,sQ`3C.m:Ifi. top view of 4itl ;?"ttiLr#;.
FICF. I t)A.,s ii?.toss ,ioi:=tional -,id:;4~v t?ft'llu tt7;~*~+:.'ri..?ff-It..x r~, ;>;C+k`'t- :t ie 1 #sAw .? ) .'^0^~.
1:"?~.~ .;',` B , :cE ;~l.~Ã.t view of F21>eIt t);::~'a~.M 10.
~
.1 : as a. schematic top view of a r<:ta.iex'.
F.., ~ <~:.1~~ h~.#=iii~tli}~ ~;L=4' C~~ ~~3~ !~# 7~1.. Ex '~~3: ~ 3, ~~~:>. t 'z.~;; . ; ..~:~.
. IA.
i '~ t .. ..t.+ a `ik',..L=.~1'..:iti,C: croS;t sC::<tii1mal ~'~~=~~' of a vent t..Js'.. .h`iFbh.i.
r f' , k3. 13 is xi schL.a31::itI.<. S.de v1C=4v of a 4il1a9:2'ib +.:F' t3.d port aFir ? than i;i3,.3 3~t' :i4~~.t~3~2~ii'1~
. . . . . . . . ... . . . lt5 I+.?raT? a hÃ4ttoln L'=Y?tr4 `1ot`'.''f.?F17 exit a'hn-mbt;Ã'.
i` sG, 14 >: ;xchernatiL`= ;.idf:: view of a botlos37 e'iwi3'Tt:3i,;atC?ni vx.t ai1';~~.`.ai.we, FIG 3 ~ :s a `L33ernafic mo':.? S~="+r'tÃf}n<ll E'.ÃLw zYf -a 13i3'ti.?"71 Ã-`=~~i:~~'k m.+l: ~.~~~. w.<.iS <~:~`~V~ "~ ` . ~.~~....:.:i !-c ~~ (~c::
iitid a x..cna a: sen1L-fly.
Hj side ;z} (.>. :.S .J a ~i~:~3. '.~.~x<~li.~= ;~.~ <%s.~C~~~
~;f%~.?~~~}tt~.)~~~. i::~t~' ) .tr ~ S Ft{3az ~. Jt CÃ < T'r C4<~.4~. u _~ ~.F. .im .
3'X_3: 17 .4 a 5chC:$3.1'ez.tit' tt5:3 view '.xf a fAtc,"I z_9.:,SF.:"2N"c:, FIG 7! Es a i.i+)ss ;ioci1t3nal 4'`1m C3:{ ihi filhe.i' 4tss'emt3l"Fr olffi( .. `,:?,c:K l:Ã.}ng ~ ~~IG. I ':k M ti side ~'ir:w of the filt~.>r assembly of ~~1G 17, of -': =~~?~ <.ssembly ?:`ICs, 19 is a Si:he.T] atic side view ofa bt3ttEs.ne cz7gFy/t?i?E. m i.'.xIt E:~3.1's:,a..#.:c< :fnd a aJst FIG. `(> is i , ch;'nnatii; ci`t)~~ s'eL=tlE?n:3l V1QW of :; bs..ts3ii-i ex$:. t.ha;b:.i anO a b'i::zit <a.,;,s:'<" ;b3 y FRI 21 is a Si;ht..n2i3tt6: ,~.~diie view i1'f a lot)tyom C'l-A" I
~,.~o:t1nn, ex#.: s~ham.`)C:" and a `nteli`
a`i se3~~ook FaG. ~22, .s . flow i:iaN;a'a`~'u for using an a3.T Ã",:lw:asf- ch ,:.nbc$' in an w<itr# coapt?awt.3 ~' ~'t7. 23 ~ a ~~.~el~'~''stl. C a3s:i? i'1iZ~ of the blood flow path iA?
z3I1~;,3I +.I%l ,... Ioscase i:-ha1'nbZ. T.
.F`}G. 24 is as\+hLrn~aõL. 5Ø:ag1~i~iii o3`a45 eFd;twa4o'~.~'Jri'-a{
f:Im{2E:}'a.SrCi prt..pLinip and po-;?t-pi.imp 1li.i:1~~l pi +`ure ;i41;3+.?Ac# sseÃ;~}..,c'~
:d ~
VeF ot.7\ pi { "34l3'r+o- su'nSor ati1L'`.Ft3tsh;
?' .~a. 25 is .a 4chenii'tti 4 Is i~ ~=L~~t~~l }i V?Q'rN of an ai? 1elUa3s-S VoE:t <!4 ;eiib:y aavim~-~~`` <~m0fflay5;r )'Z=~~~~~st~~ic~~~re.
f?
^
1`1+f..:t .:i3 i.i t3plan :`l(~?x of an 1nt'C:4i?,rr.itvdext-rC.'t.'.~.~*,ipCSrLadl i'r`r F 1 (1, t. . cross (_< Y{~ ~L'L.42 y( \ "w:RJf F [ 7 fs~t~3 ..:\~~~)~~ i i D.f`i~4f...l~.~i,i4l ~ i=')~~YC Z~~, the 1.~ y 2~AZ~~yL4ir-)a..'~..=Ll:~~.;C~4.~m1-0.i\ o. F.:~~~i.
416take ,i on5,}, EnL'- 26A-26A.
FICR 27, is a pei s,3Li::tivfi 5;ww of the d11tE 4?r.att'd C
xtAac'.ozp:t1cal. ~~F'f i1e. ,f B"'i 23.
DETAILED DESCRIPT ION
A õ
zLili% c3z(%uIt S'ilC"..h riS 2EIi. (:%tI.3C:l?.pi)Teaj -ffiitd Ui~~;:i.~1?::
U: +.'i~.. .i3't blood xrol:':
:i ptttÃZ:~:d: dt3az3ig hemodialysis, ci3li bG provided w.Ãtiz 011:0 or "m+Zl e sell, sGci:fi V vt., nt i:S.,..i:$.T.lblli,'s {:t? :il.hlt;'i:. (L;.ti,;;., pi~.b'C>11~~ fl?.:iihs flowi21f~, Ai+'iChÃda dw SJI:viza Umitwcl wffl1 ix3i. extet'#'iLil atm<Jspi7i.t'F~ and/or e'.tl_t:F i1 ,=v#ti7.
and po >S1bz +' c.~tminn3i.Ec3l#.ng rwlghborzny d;'c.'FZ.e:*. I 61e Sre:'lt >iJs4.`{`'~ } i~ k va l e.i$:+Ã3 Inhibli (e.g.:i;':t~i'F'-z~. t) .1 ~?..c.:~.~?~1 ~,~~~"El~:=l~;s i37IC~
t9"~,.~ ~3;Ilfsi~9 :~IoI`."2 ta~i'. i:~.'t~~c", '1:.l `e~.lz "f:~}s~.~,.3e ..~.:~aE?:71 ., .~
Z-=3.,~"~~~~i~,l.ry hrli`) Z:f.$i2y.i~4'L 7fif.~:~.E~.~~ui=tj. flowing 4~r'~bL~di4.~ t~~Z. :.It~il.~ ~+~2~Y.::i.fi~..
~
;`,Y 3.\+ 3cirI# u-) F I C3. 1, xn `~.';{t1t3ti4?rpo'"C.,il c1re4i1t 100 ,n 4:.+udei^ ~ ~bin~.!'. :hro u gAi W:l 1Zt the fi(?C?d .lt3ws _;i;IL~Z i:r_>.q3+aF;i1as for fiftC'Iit3g and porf+.1iT1 ,n{? on 3',.'~e ?.,~:++~~;, Blood fr~~t: a ~ ~atie~-iÃ. 1t~~ ;~:~r ~ ~,~;~~ i~.~ tubing I `_.a~. f~7o\.
~Ã~ t~a ~a `~s ia ~
~ . ~ ~ y ~ i,Ai wA..~. a: ri.;.fdia3.11E)or 115 btihs::ri: i3. 3.i7i1;>Ã.~c Ipg tLEbw I 1~~.`.~ lI'"1m the (i1"Ip r.h'i'#i::ber 115 iift 4hes to ..#::#
F.i3"~E.,=`ii:~.i prC,?:.'Le`xL t~+s'~~~F"atJi 220 f~1d7. a iC.'=i~r~:3F3 "Cis ~.~Aai~.l.^~^ a=~,,,3kll wz 50 r~' p 2t ..i.~~ "~;i~"4~S t'a' ~ ~' v ~ ~ t~:tr! _~~t. t.~ ,.k..~'. .S.:v.
<
:?~'~.s4i.i?'e s., ;I~~:= t~it=~~~~ i3? ~~
:i ~:it. arterial ~Ii; i,:FAi:E~i~: . ~.~~õ f~liE.= :x;c4~..,~ tia,.t:
sen..S,:z ;.a~sa3ibl-v .?i:t Ã.Iw=1}1de". a tys.essuro trt,tisduGC:- 130, whxcti c:wr.
be mourz4 d -w .:ha:~ a d.aay~.s mctchzi1o 50, so t ,,i`i: ~~ia p~'~;~4la?,~"= of :~.~`~?C~ ~~ " L'E;i through ;~:_? t~ , .z : t;`r it~.fli i . t ~.: i1~ ~i;3i. :;.1~'~;?:i~Ã ~ . ~~ i i ti C~t ~ ~ c 3 k3#vd. The aÃ`Es.=A:iaa mi.:is3E,ic sensor i?.isv~izb:v 12Ct alsi, x"fl:..ldi=,s 'ii trs3nsL.i.,iL:c" .3:i'c3`t-ea:ti3r 1 40, .vh.id:t cai..eti Ll silt S4itlIJan srent %fs5<.feibls' 1.41 it. Q, s t) s.ftt=`si;
25 iil.CiUCÃ~.: n ::embran~~ 144 (-FIG-. 3B) ani; a IÃqu,d ;c:d."Y ut;.d ,?t`s"µ'<:= 14f.`'3 (E KI. 33B), rz7w.= vS::i3l cJ.,`i:iE:=Tlxbl~~ 141 hb..zp." ti's protect tis, pmss.~xe tr'smsE>1:3::E.'=r I `L} a'tizd .lte dizi..~vsis Ilioidh.#1iL 50, L"a'3 which it 18 iZ1o2t2Ei;:ti, aI'uFa: dS.lfi:>#;:. ...onti.ici with 11li$o;,:`
1:11--(i"viI g W`.E}lii? .J.. i`.~iT:~U~?,~:>iL=ii~ ~'1fL=Ei#~ 100, Ia"~ the event 0:,a f,2~= t-nl:l'{Z-po:,o,1'rz f:"xt.za:L??':Ã:+.. _ . , 1-1,1j)tU1`3;`.s. `7it5i>f. ~~i:la ~ ~~~3131+:, 1i1~:C? C;i5Y1t:3C'4 1~;`it~l ~L'`?<. lI:.~~;;' 3 ~" ..~.:.i,~ a. ~ ;~`
~ i aC _~.L.~, vH1F
<?;~ 4>d'c lfng `rc.tià 5:"# t.c ..tlt:,` 14(1,, #tie Z'ei?1 ,,tii1`.:luF~~
146 tti [;t} tio4i. ~~3~\..~~ and, ~. ?. will Cx.,~hCt..~i>zi;
. . . .. 4''S+i ~.~', .5~..w:.~..eN..-i,% j õ i?ii',-'C:i1ti iiia..f. liahS.lS ~#.:l.lf,.%3:ne 501 ftoIT7 bE,+'.E#lat.ifl.;' and the zJisF hFi3i:.= 5~3 ;:i C~ .%:i t ci ~<. a1~23$z`.e ~'2e# dlxo#l~;~:ti of ~7re Sllre ~f.lti~::'Fis<
A pi.fzip 1 t?~.`s, ;,ucl>. as a peristaltic pump, ft?It>Ã'.~s the :3lot?(1 :~) ct`>i1~3m,Q cFk):.3.;f t3l;3 h.l:i'ol..gh hS,. cf:i~E1 t ~~~~. The blood t3~Fz'TF flows to a ~~l~fi i..i l 3 7~~~ .i:t :l separates v~. Wast4 p5.o\aWi_'t.x.Irm-n ti.ie by.oc.'I..4.
After piF.s .#F3g; :h'#'oL# irw.`=,'a: ehi'`. dfc1lvIi:"=r 170, ~i-i5: ~3Iood fli3ws through 4'"om. #:.;ti u# bFzI::.T
~. ~ =
Y
` "~~ t~'bi~~';1F~~;~ ~: ~ .~iy ,"i~zca~ic Gh'<#-mbt'.Ã l'O F.ti '*'a'i13'h M
is u oõ `:si i Fn ¾l1L` blood 3. 0=Ot3a~c-bC1sJ,"e .`thC: bSoi3O c,O#:13an.~#. ~~~w to t}3t: 3~~i'a7ji~ 105. ~~?4.Fla E
,t.:. ,. a~>~w" tF'L'c~~':F~.uF: :5~~~ x52..3't~ , i`4? .,42''~sUa;`3 i', L t. ..
the blood, O-W blo-od t4.fh air fl.~~~~s In 1}:rt3agn the N3[tom of ttiu l: chamber ....)S`>. The F:R'ex:~per mobE3#.l of the blot~(I is i#";:{ pefiCd b;t, c .Fv7t',' and ~.'Lt:+_tme;;
;ti3w~kiii;, air cC`>ntI11#3C U) thm tl}F~) L?f the L:hitrnb+,'.F 2 ..""~.0 vvhi:`>C. Ai is rS,.F#.t<:d .5n..k. #.f.:s ca3E.. <3:'{:xosphCil"%. thl ovgh x_"'.3ot}FC'F'" sS'l-f-SUiIlÃ.#l y .'i'.':11t a;7tsi::3F"1E7l?,% 270, ( 'he vent 270 of .i1c crlc.if3,?::F 230 mclud%:~ a 7.1ic1'i?-poF't3u5 i t1G11Ib:anc and a sefirytic=x nt, -ve?'It. Tz';e k:
M'iCF`O..;_3t3M1.i5 rFi.S...iFE:?ri:FnS'. operates to l11h3l`rtt liquids kL
affidn f;iG c:m'#.aE:fe:,r Ei+:)aFl co~"Mi2tL.Z into clintaL-:.Wilil !.?~i~~ a{L2losplSbf.=re. 110wever, in St[Sw evcY.}t ti.#.ai ,3".O
1.M:1}y#:ca:if 13aPWra..::, J.#iF-iid is>.l Cz3;Fi.G Fa?.c? contact 1vr'Ih the SilJ` seaYng \'ed'#.Y >x a;.17i:..? Wt:a << s: #aaak? J #a}.3i? #fi (a 4i pr`Lvc73~) the b.~o(?d khnFa C:i.)mÃrig i3':v(# ti;i}"1#.wGt iOtx: 'f.ini`.
.?'i.i.ti.,, lu,.=v#t'i*, the i.hambt`'I' 230, i.~';.r.: blood ti ;w'c:~ thF:-4_3ogh a 4'enoF_is .i:.Z: i90 at`#.d, back k to rF E~E: :?i~-f~aLau.. 1i., 3:~~C'~\ ~~'~;.`= =:~3'=`ia~L~f'.~i .:35 jy`
As ~s..1o',4'-i:t ln FIG. 7 Fhc p1'esst1I'o transdFlcc.r ti3tw'nn::lh 120, ancFwt,::.4 i;... j3rc;~~F :i:
t'~{~.?~.;G# 1 Y :'` ?~~~.: ~Y<.1~i4 , transducer _ e4#~, i~~,t i:~~ ,be '?.`~. F 3 .; ~#.,~ei:~:? t: ~~il~,~~~,~~~~<~~ i~:~#~:~~ ; FIGS. ` u ~.+F3 3,, thl'i i.#.Ia,id Ã;e%:i .'3. ;r?{3kk.,.?.i;r l 4 0 lai:=I i: cl es a t?f3d v 14 9 #:h `.L,t d ;'..ful..s a i3.L7Id p a t t..w a , he o t>C3 ~. ~ 11 4 3 ~=.
f:'3c.:,;<ii'S .A':`~:#1t ,.tssf'n".b.y c3m~p<irt1"81en: 142 in ~F h1Ch t;3.c n.:Ã%aZ3 ~,;C;rf F;>`.+ nawnnbrc.#a;.~ 144 a#?ii 'r?S ~t =x~~~Z' #,:~T.N Z'etil sFF`LIa:hi#`+;3 1.46 are it`:3poti:d. A first orpe#'1 t"`.fFi. ~ 4,S1. a,ti11'i Itt. >,{;}?Lia`.4=tef3t to thi4 dF~:Flyvls 353az,.a.-Mtl~` 50, o,g.. via a .3i1'<3d'k#1ie fiir21uF;. . 52 (FIG. 21) ilii'i: t11bd:? : 117, aF'#:iA
i:'<?Z idE.s St1::_ .~1' i=w~`c.
?~1 asse.F.:byF ~.g i.onI3.r~'C:ung t..O:~'. ; 16) of . d"i19 extracorporeal 'L:,Fr``111t 100 011C], 1) to !~'Lo0 ido for 'sN'f#Fr_?.?"u3ÃiflS.",z;i1oIi NAwe.=Fx the `iS:.FIt atisf;T1-iblT=d co3#rpF3rtI1">cÃ7t 142 mid blood ;ls?bvFÃ? within E`:e '`.:li::ilit 100. T?.?-is arFc3:F?.gem<:Ãit c3llowS ;,ms air) g.= <3i) :o pass fluo- t ak the ,;.,a3: r3...::_F,bly 141 f?`t3riz the open ~";.i7d 149 toward tl'ie first i7pe..?:= end 14\- while m,1..,3'#.t_iTlg `x'Si P<Is`"qge of ~,~.Zi+i.}ody fFiid thereby iifflZ?w;~ the pressure tÃ`iElÃAuceF' 13 30 to mei3.:iF.,.t. Z.l.FiF,nge4 in wio<"U3";:..
r`ÃombrGÃÃ'?e 344 eÃllow4 g,,is (c M>= &FI') to p#'..OS U"ri..'tz. j: ;ho +vF,`Ã
l:~5L1tY.~= ~ i:t?i#ips., -;.l:,.t`;Ã ~ 142~ but. F:31pC.dt's the lEwx, of i'qlitta, thereby or 7Ã`~~'~al~#.Fi~ .~:eiTk+i3dfi'tt.ili diFmLry ~'(3'~7; .s'm,FII,,.,., c~
's.3F=F(i :vC"~;~s F~?>a~.? ?:I.,. ~tf`<~a3lFa..F: s.
t ~. $.. t,.,, ~?f ~.S.r-,t:;'t~:
- >.
`;;`:31?:s`tlui.;e?' z 3 0 on 3.h4: i-3ppt?stE: side C?fahC; vent c1a~L~~~i`EJp' ti.,oÃ:i)p 3F.;>:tC.F. . 't ,4? Fh:, m, .FC;F`o-po,..?i.3Y r \: F {
s F;~ai 3~3'F'#..;.t.: 1~ F,..Ã;\ :,: <I.~si? help to inhibit (~.
r~,~'.fÃ'tf~=:cIi~) tL?~'tl~?:: q~..~.;t:~,,l~:s ~1~Fl.r.
<
fro;fZ = ~ + c.=;`s.C.F`ii#y :~ =r ^?~>_ " +,.xb:iic4Ji"~J.3 { r~.i3.~ circuit 100 f~~7. ; ` r ~,. `{ ~.1i~.. t.Zfc.~,.i ~34...,Fr,< , ~ ~i ~6.= ~:;iÃI?~~~;i:.:.,.
veFÃÃ. .stie F lWy .ompE3.Ff?:1"1e.1t 142.
Th"O miEK.i'z?--poFou', rncn-~tbÃ'anc 144 ittL;s'uclos ~F hWchrc.>pft~~iQ
n't:...,r.,?;, s.I<.h, PZ~l ytetm fl; ut9:`oS..i~.`?yft;e?.~ (TITI.EZ) k{4 . (C.? , a ?~_:)) backm:
b' .Ã mesh Ã2?<33E i'iid. I5? ?oF"iie. tiÃ1?bÃ?d1rnR'Ief .. the meFI1biiiu.
144 is i eF ?rt?:;.. c,,..:lcm .I #ti> ~
Ã13.1itoÃ.3 w7ii ;voifl"i li3y::,F` on 1f5p of which i~?T}"E or #~the1':z3]'It> is iip.?#i#:.d. A :Su.Ftcbb:.~.' meF.1b.F~'is>3t`l><3s tiF3'F ati4Ãelg'r' pE3Ã`i:
size of i1.bF.-r, 0.0:.` -:o, ~i 01,45 iia.~.Ã'.~:~s 0.22 1:E`~..1~:.Ãt.)Ã'1s t3a ;3~Ft?:li 0.2 _Ã~{ Ã` ?Ã>~~, ~l'a.i`~il..ol e, t-`i?~.'mb;'c..3`.o4 %FÃ'e le uc7I.F: Pal1 C:J:pcSF`afioÃ'F.y East lidrz?, New asl?rke. under the Vi sqo:
~R mumik and 10. &o?'?=1 W. L. *.;t''~."C, & Asso#:::F~fts IÃ'${ NC wark. Di:.~lrv45?ue.
xFci4 FF,~, Yi',~~iF Yt.Z( IarÃC. <`'xtst,=a3?-Ã}?ay ~" v1`,. 2 structure 146 is a st)lec( k ~~#~r'~ts:i ~i i.~~Y Zk, r' .FÃ, c, rt" t~~:=
,,.. ?, ize of i?iD:.,i 15 tC`r e3:b(?,4 45 a.llt.'<i'un?e, 113al c1rF![>:Vs `rlÃx to paS,i ;the raa4C31:~'.~~~' through 4.
compi#:l;f:lent 142. In S\>;m CI?.i3<R3dLFf?: ~nt5 th<. E=:C,lf-s(fcloÃIlg ~,`S:FF.z~ stI"Ã%ukÃ..FSA', ~ t is ;t3.FI'z.zets of ;
Ã< blend of p,?;.y-ezh{ le.:w hr0~ dciisaty poIyet( s :enca (.~~~INIE;) and < a blc~.t.;~~ of ~ (00C), .\ " ~ ~.t~l~T5t,x~t~~. ~ t ~ ~'v ? % c?: of ~ ~'=~~ .~ ~
Z~' ~j ~ ~Ey'?,~ i' z~'A 'Z '~r ~ : =~" ~{ y ~. a' ~ } a '~ ~=. ;- > '~ K \
_. ~ f.. ~ ~ ~ Y~~.~~+;^ ~.x ~ ~?~ oi.~.~~^`~~'oG ~.ti>~:~F ~9C> =LY3.Ã:i 3~le~~a'= ~Ã,a. ~.~,e~,'L. ~ a3>oi.`i<3~3e3~S .l.:t~ , t~-~~~.~?~v .ir~:~x:#.:
`.~
I ~?.,~
F., Iri~r~~,.~::~, ~ ~ ~Ã~? a such a~ Ã,'~I~ f~, ~ r \x ('Or.< <.. .;E>~ ~ ~F .~ Y ~ ~ 3 is ;wcFFÃFr,..
z. product ~~~'='7Ã
~~i F,z a : ~:,,:.
't~.:
90.. l`i' syL i~.,- =1~t ~ tt, ?}~i'~~3 .~~: .;.`. `' ~~A{, :i t I u by tTt+
.. '?~~' ~ ~~5..1~ r:; ~ =`~`~~
r :.` :F.?i'~ s. ~.'...'i ,~t;,.
;?l? L )Fr:c ofabt,iF,,Ã 3`i .``.i?i:1.2?t3F1Ã 4(1 T?c1's::Ã'CJn`.s`, ffiJ~xcvcr ., 53~l-w: C?
t ftz#c . : t ~.
30 mcF.tC':rii)#3ti i.'m1 i-?S used, as well :1`3 `?thl31' aYe.l'ctÃ.Ã:F'#iSl4t i371e, tS;.TF'1~..`i Po.!w L~ze`+. ? Ã:s.`~ ~, Xtuii'3l.' "he ~f :~om kt:.uebure '14~.~ can include abo.it 80% to about 95' ~ by weillt idgh denity i ~
p:3 ~~ ~~~yl~..~C:.::~ii.~i :~~?13~.T. ~'ii3 to i~.d3`t.3'ut 20% by weight R"..fe. # ;r ka3 " WiS. 4:' , and 4B the b4.'-h 14.'"~. S`;'Ã thu pI'Gtc w.tE3a 140 bti:
foiÃÃoi:~:l :Io;.l tit i.. pa7'ts. As shown in FIG. 4A, a I.ii'4t pi33't 150 dCafi:#..~ tllfi.' . 1.r\: :}A S Ie +:.`;14:i 148 .xi a s.r4a pm:omi 151 of tt3e 4Liit: z3:isi:u}bly 141, As, ;:ho4, a~> y"t . lY:'s: ;,r t, a second ~parB e:32 d~,"~fi#`,L.ti `.',.G second op`~e,Jai;'i l'nd, 149 and a :~~' ~` ~-t;.C 1"zd 't3.. #1 153 t1: ~ iX
s ~?C?I'~a ~.fati L km;:
a:x`Q?t1.HL ci1:.'4p{Zmuent 3.42. The first aL3d' :+ecL}I~d parts 150. 152 f the fu'.3#.~duwi:r p#'t`tccE6?r 140 w~m lbt; lo;nied i.1l' one C2r .111oI'0 nni`.dicsll ; s~ ad4=
.ii~ .. __.,. . ft:s:Ã Ys,. Suf.}t as . . .. g li~?z~~i<'~:I'Ã.4 c..~:.'sf3Ti5~t;.; ~;>C`ayC.ca;:'i~i?I'#..c3:S. ., :~
"rl.~),~i~:~Ãk7S} _ ~33l1%~.3elx~~ .rL'E('I~.~~f~:t~`.dk'~i.~~ ~'+ .?a ~_...
~t~'a ~ . ,aL~'' or L.
L~r ~=`.} SuÃ1aiYle 3TÃ:.(;Ãi; 3; gril~~c plast1L can be used bLc;3u4t; ~~` F tx3 ~G.,.%' 4t C,. < 5~ `U'' of in..ef ` ' u, I>i;al = " .::#.'.~~ .,=td';~?, J;~
r ~ a1 ,_ zlabiR~ty and d-i4p"3wab~e'#3wituT`.c: :7.'fsC and :,ccE?nd pur¾s, ;
S:, pf(?Es.t..tot t.s1.: i'.+F. : tõ~1i.E.i'xESl,~x.. as ~"Ã''<' ~3t, ~ ~~.:ÃI~~.
{ (:.-3#i n~.;. i?#t~? ~' ~`~i .t31.:~z, >. 3~`
: S% k 'r.~3Ã`ÃziE::"='t,. such :E. ~'.~? ,., GX~Z=~l Y
illtm.Lt,C?;3 first and Set.Cs:`Ãd pa#`l4 150} 152 of ,3rotfrr'cEoÃ" >i.sr each rI#:k:mh'.
Q an awfI!WndsWowdi 151155. The Ji43i.walx:1 154, `,-55 C}f She i.4':)pe4tiv\.
.ars~wd second pe3rts, 3 40A AiL : 152 t~,Ã:i~:~ to IL'r~~Sy) the ~~i6~A1. t,( -x(`~t.:~~('(}-)3r=CJ2QJL~i} S1A1eFr? A.'2 `> '~44 ~2Ai }L`ri o:a Aev ~:~t.{,{
e,, ~)a[~.~1.:i2ir,~
{- .(~ ~~'}Sa ..l:. , .7\,An veÃiI structure 146 w:t`,i.i3. the ve31t aSso"?7bl4 ct}mpcÃillfwn,. n42 lbht3wiFtg assezz`bly, A.s `llus$rawd in 3'?'3_z..*. 5` K% t13i' IL'm1:idlÃ:L;Qr protector 140 Is assomblci, by first #.I-.~~ rtFÃ?g t1w mir,3t3 pc32`ou:s ruembaame 144 Ãi3.o ttT..'. second part 152 in a pL?sitÃfsii in, V..3ch fl'>i;
20 i-mcÃ'o^pt?rous nnmmbnma.' 1441= is disposed w-l:hi1`1 t1:. . s~t ~,~~.: tF
+rtS.~.: t. 153 C:~'_,~ tli4 , ' ~"
~4~,.~`t.t. _ er:t ~14scln:'3jt cty}'tzp<3rtd'l,i:;#.z J. 41 In this px1a:1fitJ.[T., as 5how-n ftx F.:G. >.Ai , tc Ã:::dÃt `:'o-p:tr:?Lts, n.na.,,'s`Yl`>rwac 144 i~ ~ic~atcd against a lGdgo 1:?~.? that is [~e-finfi:d by 1-IiL: sc.cCtz#:i~ pai-ft :.52. Tl_hw 44 t,iizi bc: dF"r37.#.;mst~.7nL'd :+:3Ct . that a PAt's""-fi:' is ProV1de-s,:I
bLiwmi) fliiõ In: cÃ'o .i3oI'i,?ils nli..i3:brcÃiw 14-4 wid the SÃtiE.`4'v':3t 155 of t.,,4' se4=a3n+: pili t 152 of . the iTamdi3Ge; pzC`tec;i?T 140. Next, as Flla3stTal:i;d in FzG, 5B=
the>+::F? ,s+;<ilii`Ã,. vi.Yn.`i 146 i':3 ~i> sà tlqjc'si=cut trle à 3ÃviC3 PL?L>:1 A`Ã~ nb: 1nc 144 ze': a F3.3s : \?n 3:1:
'E4'hiwh seÃ?:` _ wc]liiig e"oni stru't',=t~uri.' 146 Ã3 pan1afly disposed 6'a'1[h1n. .~1w SL ct,.iafi i,c,).l:t33F::
153 of fho -vea`;:,mi.mbly compw'u17e31I 1:42, ~:~i1e sClS.--SG.Ãli"1'~
l`ix3t:.t...ls.t;ÃI ?:? 4.#n i3 i{3 , _ , ,. , .
`, ell.z?:`=Ã"S:EL?3:G-a, 4uÃ.;f.:z7 t;.~i~~ a .~I r..:~~-~;i is ~~~"'~.Y~'lded between fE3(> v{;'37t s` icti:('... : 46 <.3.d t.rt:
si& ,.ti illA 155 of AL:= Swi`,Iad pc` tn 152 tif l+:, tmmsdvicti:r protector 140. } .w.lxz: t..., ~
es dIS,.Z,Ã:
in ~~IG. ;`'C, ~li% ,,#Ã'st b3 ?T`E 1~`_".t" can be wanccÃ.ed to skC'.i3ii'~
the ta ~z ~~'r#I-t 15x of f ?w ~3.~iL~;=;
`~~i p:c}t,ct:un 1Y~.~ such that fIae xespcctivL ~idt.wa1ls 154, ; 5-5 of'ffiw first an: s:.coF':d r,~r~s ,~
150, 152 of :h`w' transducer :?T'otecti?a 140 togC~th6.I s;~ie-ri:i?e thG, a e$?t i7.N~selt bi't Qcmap:2x`L`a?1e.:`#t ? 42 . T ~`L= i1isS and i:i:~~#?~ ~~<LTts 1~!~~ 1 `.?~ i?f '~.~i~, E~'c?I,sC~.E.te:=L~F` s`3E;~'L<:Ã.i,I 140 i..3 bi' ~3<3~?C'I:U~:: to 4 ~ 3 b ~.~cle~': i3L~1i `~.t~~=`, .:li? ~t`~`L -LY'6-"~.cf#iF+. i.td~.{ .FH x.iJZk:
~~b'l`~? Z':~{Fx `':. solvent ~.3oF:?ttzi * i?1C:ti,`.?a, i . tf..5.=:3fJZ'd comAieZfi?oa:?:: or o~x pieF >' s44x?tr= 2Zl~t ~.?aL}L.i'~
`~E}'~3., . . . . . . . .. dt t ~~i'fii.'~ l:a~? to a'I(3.^'i. ~#,~ and ~3B: pri:s~`i~1'tk t~i:#.Yi ~i:: read )'t.Et t.#.I'as:~. displayed "~# ?.:~;'>? o L;.lei:.troTiSL=s of fric dialysis mu.C'Ã1n4: 50. DyF?Lii3& ~.~F'G'4S;.Fre P*,3l5e ~'':atf aL.t;m t.'.?4': take i3M4q and mf3i be I:'msxF?.]?.~~d fln !?1,r t..h tubing 11 0, 140 tCr dnt~
p"'C;.:s.3,.e Lc3I.sdI:=b:aI' 130, ;;o#" a continuous ~'~,3rC'.tia~Fi '17he 11`gea1ared p?C=.is;:1..G
7i#:t:eF. is t.L),.3pc?.,rex;
to s,. õ"a.`?i:d7Fno pressure pc?ttem WhF(:}3 is det~.``n71IF'ieC% as cF.ftF?^i:t:o.F? +;& p:.F:I1p OpC.FiIiF.S3#1, 31, d?s.'..i; is a Zimu:t3.co bi;;'Lw4Lti-I the rnl'.<l. ~? %= ~,'rc '~v':~ttr'~~?
~'ir3Cz ` kF7C: '~I~c3.J~.:.~t~. ,~t `1;-..
~i#'.~~ F' :i~ i 4 x x: n.. "`rG..S..`t~
pi?ttefis' i?.F.r.?miFtii: sh{:'s`.'-offt ci.?I? occur 71.F'#.dso:C i.ilY..
'yFl%3$'I~.? cx.n bt:" , miÃidY.d. U, xi'i thta t ~t ~ E
. . . . ~s7 ,.,. ~~y ir t 1 E~ lr'.ar z,.~} cõ~.a. ; ~~~,i.
I~~?~ E'~? 2 ~< iÃ~l 2 .FT?L.71 93 <3F?~' 144 }"~.~A`~:.~II `~'s.. thereby iFll~.7iI~Ã:~ ~f l12 ~`~t `~Ã #.> ` ~ `F :. ` ~Y
~?t c~ sr- -~ a ~c 146 t1-s~. ~.=~.A~t~~F~.i~;t:{~i~. 1`~'~i ~x~yll ~f~:.f;~<.;~.: aF~\r~ i~.x-c ....
p:Fe ~.~1~3 ~\LF~{ , z1~C~?Fiia11~ gases, a:F'i~ii?'`, ~~:?.~i51F1g, As a result, 'ri~ tll Fi;~:F csx. i`: F I~3. ~~i3> the PY4.'t~11.rc .7azF'i:a%1E3ca .130 w2?:.I sS;<n4e :3 S. l?ang(: In the piess.?I:i, A`Sa`tian (C. ,;':, a E::Inbi.A~. ci a:s3Cs,sur4= pu.Se), ~vhieh the associated dialysis inac.(1Fd?f, clecil'OF1Fcs Will in:o? pÃ't.ai: as a 20 FIGS. `' t=-., 7B and X, the air relc?gL' (;1ana"'i'vF"._ 30 is st,:C?aaIFE?a:Fa`r' bC``km"' ftrl" fiffing vv#.d# a lFy.ild. =Fl1c 6aInbc-T 230 c"r.#.I-i bi?
F#ned 4C3;`#'+.;t7..3'3nrr wa,,,,, (c.gõ air Wib3i,5) E1omlbIoi36. L1:?ati?.e7Li 230 k1F?.s a boU+3z3-F . L.etln 234 and a sT reoon 2:360 wt3lFt= ~~-w bti1l.tZ3F7? and top %"rQ rvhlfivc to ti1e chamber's or3m~aEi?,FI S. uraF.~ i..>::e, :=ti`.
`." 240 and an :.'i>i t,7'~ 242 :n.I't: ÃI.3 the ~3~?~..tE?11? region 234 of tlte ~:~:~..F``.L~F 2,30 : ~.. s.i~;1.1~'<
~ _~ ~~[ , to F3oAs ~*~4, 242 w?'t`,. I i}t.411.. d in F? boFli1??-? surfa1::i' t?`
t?=:c Q :3`t:ET;:?.Jci~' .. . ~:
`TY \" aF4:i.rF?C~~'31 \ in a~ ~ f{IM'1' .
~?^t t.'.-~~f~n FSõ'LrJ~. :, at .~f::ik:~. C3I3 4 Cif ~:~.' ports 240,242 ?;?
imii:4'{d-i?. i? s;ew tiwfft?n.e of t.k?.C. L"hi??.nbe? 230. 3~.~ some a \?.r-na 248 i~s, i ~~.tt~ V~:n~ i$xM' .~~S~r4:~ 240, 24~:. ~'}?t~ d;~iTa ~,~-. ~.:~t~::~~~, {~i least ~?;:a: t .A'' i~y at\zaL ;;idc wiala to 30 cs? a?~ 'SaiL -dde I?.3 5C?331ti Ll1cda.i;3 2618" %i.~37~=,.1..:s; C:a.,;.
sis:.iC. ~v.i ,. ;?y th.it. zFll flFa:?Ci i:'m-aa:ilg ant?,r' pf1F.': 240 Ryiw`4a oi'a the Wp of the dauF 248 b;;',',l?.+. :nz3w]ng out i 7 t }1L L,"k#l Ã'?,_ g` 242, lÃ:i si)iI7w 1#'Fi'?I ebilon i0.tl.tI lA"i a L:I
3t i,.ite?` '254 is parsi`.io:3i.:=Ã~ < C3Ji.Ãi'4`;?i ÃoT rl`_=L
~
#t i?i?~~t ` 242, ~'E Y E3ie`_ 3~<S~ e `~_' ,;t ~ Z ~ ~~< ';i :l~.#'C?L~l'gl?
the +w ~E T: ~t~:iY.`!' .~ ~~ xi"~ ' `~:. ia.t7~.z'$7? : ` <+ ix#4 a ~?.?;' .
L=:K ~= ~~.i14 ~
A
^Ml :32 5o,S1k: 3?'#1}?li:31o..33tili.i'L331vy t`~ii: e:,i<,3t filter 245 has a porosity of 0 iÃzak<S"onS tl:3 :=>C#L:xut 500 i.xc:I'.i:ns.
,t I ?w ~?:?;~ ~4f~ 242 L? t ~eL?lL:=S `r33 the C:li zlll?b Z.. 213 0 v,`;.1-1 Q. L.'u.i.4 :?, zn f C;t?nJI#;f-1:?ls.atÃ.E1I1WÃt:i1 tubular shaped extensions. 'IS;1G
G.`??tZaÃ'..s,??n.~.` ilÃ"s., c.l:;`o-E,'~ f.? .3s`.' i:t1..Ãlec-l<'.::
ti.. .tiibes. such nLs :?i' pÃ'e_ryswrL, fitting (it bonding. 'I.'t1G call ~?v zittqt"al>.y f'onmed mth the L.'hc:Ã#3bz.F .2 1#) or yt#.b;.f'Cl:.tL#10Y aYtaLhC=d.tF.~ the t<lawJ,47t.r2.0 s.3cls ''s .3y :,i?,k:n.n;~:
V=
or w4 }{L~ ill } g.
101 At Onez>x3rL:k;1oÃ1 236 of tbL~'~..`haII?.beI` 230 Fs a 4..lf-sc.il:i1g vC.i1t a','`>sLs:'Fbl`t A r`0.
'.FhC', s4;if Si:a.:Ã#?g'vfi:i?t 370 Ã#ii;il`.i3t,:x ~:i m3+:=iE? porous me#.,-A'#i.io-re -')6.,' ..,;a a :Z%oili :?%1 a#a:.::#.i7'L. 264, lÃSc as: C;Ã'?l??ly w.itl;. ;he i'G1ii seI't3:i.t1F1'~.` '264 and i"EiIC=E'o-pL)F`t?u:+
~"160 3l.?iiv p3.L?L':di..' nXIn..t.ed condensation or 3nin'itl"I#tt^GC?#:fi n: s?Ã.#L;#_i C?i3 the .;anva ?~~~3F'~? #
Ãx' I:l'~Ã";e,i4,J 260, i}2C: #T3#.5.;ri3v porfy~~~..ls dTl(:mbic3kli: ~~360 allows gi:1`~ (e G, f'C?r#a air bilbbac~'s in, dbw biof:.Ed'F i.L) vo.":t fIC?rn tÃ:Ã~..` C:=l?aT21bcI 230. P,l.ni'<,, in ti3; ?'?:?cÃ~'o a3C?ri?wz #.. <.'rn.?.,1ni` .),(,iI ,.1:"f,', small c 230 S:=#iL~ta;M~:3 i.~.s kF.~.~ 2{?ivÃ~11 ~.?#~Ã:i1t jG`.h vÃ11CJ
().;",;i3,i1`z]~s .~`r's3#Ã"t i.::~1tÃ:$'Ãi~r; lia:= 2.:.~~c~I~zb%.Ã" iYn'z~i-t r: the oLat\iiS:= dI~':
In si..`#:'# #I'#as~~~3 1t i,`tz~~dL?a]`t.';he iant=~k"i1b$a.ilL. 26,0 :F?C~iFiaf k a hyt; LFphk:b.
suc}i poiy.dis33..i.EiS,i?L.1hylQ,'Ãe t~~~~'~ 3t~ dc_ .. ~ c.. =
t;X4,3.EÃ1d~;<'~ pL?l. ~'fe.7'e..t:Ii#:t?i ~~:i'i?
3G..3t.' 20 If? 1t?. .?'li.? C?:#``boLiÃ#W2Ci.t:a< the TI1e23'#bÃ"slili:. 260 is a f1bF'f?Fls, L..k?F:~:~r witle a woven S.?a.1 ;i~t? .~n %.~'~i#L.,l +,ts 3.}.E'~~. .?#- )~~o:
"l.a:im^poyvt..?u.Snõe-PtL:='#`Yia} is applnc(#.o- .; 3 r~:3.ni}phichi,`.
:?1C?'Ã1 A'3{?Ã"'L?L#ti Ãi.3. I21i): <#.t#.. 260 keps i2t:zllRd fli.'ayi3 lf;.i,`i3n1, ouu: :.f t.~'i3C; ::h... 3 ,~h>.:: ll'ii:
cham:be.i 230 is fial'..:(i F3'ibi.3.liql.#ÃLE.ani3 allow a#.[~e, pci-ss Chrou.i. A4u?var)iemLInb~'7.l?i.Ea'~1:~i an c3. ~{-"=< a~ ~'v UÃ3:,L > pore sÃ`[.~, a. size \ ~~- `= s~.~+(g~.l~. 0,05 < Ã'~~:Ã~:=#,C>A#ti to i3s)?~Ã ~:~
+f.~, 4 5 < < Ã',, ~e. s~~ 4 25 about 0. 2'. microns, about ().2 ?ndi;Ã"i9ns}. SEaiti-l:?lf:.
#autibai3'#1c> are `<'1` i .le#,Ã.`:.=.. from Pall Cf3Tp,cmh.lo#17 E,:#sÃ. 1-111.1sq New Y'i71 k Il`ldi.r t-ikS:Ve~ õqpZ}t`~', lni$,F.ZC and 110I11 (7~31M
.nc Delaware.
~I'he vizeli 4t:x'EzL.3.ult.:?_64 is a solid pt]? f3i.35 bli7:r:,, ha1"Ir.,3.: i'!:#? F.f.\t.,F 3ge pt?;o 's:b+?`x3l 1 tf3 about 415.InF#';:i'c?Ef'.''>i that F9:lknZ=s air i:,t p,.314 :}3#'i?L`sr?h .A rd `s`it m; fi'?3m :o;.Ãc 'Y) i:~3,i i~~~t:i, : }1ti= . ent ~tmaLÃ1';,. 2()4 3~'0 als,C3 ;'s sL'.li-5t?tklin"t~,', vent LatEua.;=tl?m lua sE?m.'e a..<3: i?.1... .~>c Ven Su<.:¾d:uCL. '264 is fE;?mii.d o.i.~ :' ~1m3d t? ti .?4 lyc.f f'l #... 4 c~... ;h i~~.
dons:tyPc3 ,:,thylsn: and (0111(-"). a blu-ind of Pltlykt v,'::'L.nt' ai:d ini`.=ffifr i 4:`tht=i=-k:e~iiÃtlf?;1e, or f5fpE?i 1prC?:2 vie a-.ii;.- or poiyt.'Ãhi;;C...+. bi3.`z~eLi A~ti]'l~~::~ IF,`~c1~.S,,:::iti3, Such 71%'c'#.ti,'.=1'i<~ls are t~i''i.~:l.'t~-b~el.= frF.>aT. IPi?r~:~x Ci`qpC}r<fitioatr _Ã':`.,.i bum, G(.-,i?r;}.A:[, pt.3ly th,t',....~ <iF... by ct~ ;?z2?~iÃ~ii ~.i1~ ~ t it~4St3~G= F?"#.iz3, f3:Ã"Ã, cÃ'~'eÃ'age pore size C3i abo3,.it: 30.3i1.>`i:=C:?m>? ECo, c}bZ):~t ~'wiy as ? (~t~i..:' ~.ey _ of the à : ~:e. 1. 3~. i `1:4 40 .i3.C:#`a?`.?s, ~(,,wa-'vLr. C3d-wà Pt'.rc.",-t3iÃ~.a:~t.=: ';,tt:Ã`Ã:~~.s b~: 4::..
i:3ate#.>iits ....id i`>tl?C,'.Ã PZyw sizs:=s. For example, thc vent stTui vUIL 264 L,:.'fi i~~v?iIiae41bi5ut SOSi} toabo(Jt 95% by >4'!111 I2oA }it.Ã}yjby ~I~Yl~~~~.t ii'.<t~'ii~r and about 5iii \~i~C\ \~'\ft.~`+'fyf by '~. g~i'?.`.
Wi:o:iT':`.;~c vr.:;:.#t`tÃ"u4t.:a.rc 264 ci3mw`i into C;i?I?ta`.t with .i(<E.>iti e =`, ht,.~Jfii{t2' or lmoz:si`..iwL', aii.S;: Jwt iiint$ ,.i='`t~~i Mrili.lose +`,'=.g>. of fib.Ã; vent shTw:.Elto i::xpc3T1d`. thereby closing off the ?7w7f's in ti'EL`
poSyrilÃ:s c::`e lp:?;iLn1 EÃa,g, ;:2iiF~"~. i%`~''.SiS~ ~' ;?i; ~ t ~~w v'~C Ã~4 ~ of ~-1i ~'~'.d7t 3E.'#...t.~~:ili.~=e 264. The 'i'~:?$t St:i#.L.t1:. e ;.~E? . is :`3~,I#.~a:ei~
iiq1F3Gmt to and .iist above thU :32:;i11bÃ4#ne 260 ;+o th '~.Ãt tale 260 Ãw t;? to{.a;.ed bO.~,vwa_ the vent 4trucr3..t.te 264 and tho a.hiimbt,Ã 230. 1.1-1.[=re.it. st#"E.~~uzr.: 264 inh1bÃtt's on <ÃIli 2i`7#;, il: st,)"3.1e i.m:?C}dla.?ea~Q,2, 3`t:i6:: S"etii Strt3<;tu:te.264 dIxect%y wntsdm .~Iti stas:I't~~ t3I:..260.
'11`si. ,'ro"=>õ ~s. z, tl'l;U.a, ..:~~- can <#`< ~ ~?Ã , be sLI~ . ~;
ta.i3fiai ..;?r,, , `l; disc ~i4L 5:1~Ã~3C`=t~ or can be r t~3~.i:i~:z"' s,~i', ., ti,3a#. is ;::o::apaÃit?le with z: chax:3bcr om vwhich the vent strud-ui e 264 is raC3unÃe:1.
,f.a the i ez7.t ssl #,:caml 2 64 is c.i.i?CiÃit 0.1 It~i.t3 iC? ctbo ut 10 m.Ãaa hi c k-.
Whe:1: the chamber 2 3 () is t~~led wi il, blood, :zi }~ilbitirÃg (c.& .
prcvwiY ._<) :ht:
:,3iCZwin in i.h: i3)i;fisf: ffi3il:: ilw.ifT:ulat31aq on t.h4-.aFL:nabrilnw 260 i.mt mv.inw#a :h`4'=
; t:x't7Pct?C?b,4o7lt~"ctCts.3 i~+l:f:`= i?. t.~ i4. llrõ~,'Il:~?I _iÃ1;:.
2c`.)`Z. ~~ t'~+-a L#1E.'= blood ~'~ii.z3 s~.'+~- ..`i'~:.`i'?t, .:3~?F~, m4mb.Ã'rwI?4 260 by providing a bamL:=F; betw-GeÃ1 the blotSCi clli: tily 2R), stic},, aF.
.:.?' a l t;u=it3 barrier 26C as ds.sc:"3t.eCi -fL11-t}icT bdt?w; Ile height of trif' ch:-nbL, 230 is 3:1~,.7~=iti'Ã ` to ?i~~..ii3liziÃIs this Ã.?c3.~`1'#.~.;:' 2L~~ and inhibits `~ : ~ > ~ Ã'~ v' ~3%Ã~s #E~~.
b.:zrõer 268 fffi)3:9 ,~i.tb:SrxEs,i:Ãll*' il'Ã:xing wÃfln lÃq311d bd;`.low the ,OiÃ1"Ã`Ãcx 2%
r3iC:. shape of IdÃ`~'.~ i:h:.li:nbt:T' 1`..`r appIomI?x ''~`.
ly i:lorl4t2w. `"+k1 sonle si14,i as ffis3sc' wt:i3wI? in FtG 7 and 7D, t'ht botzf?123 :g.,+Jia 234 t>~~
tftf,. d..cl,iTA)..I' 2'0, ,',si'' is 3 w.dt=1` :,?_. .he top rE;ixtf??3 234i, siÃ.?'1 ti3?<??i t.iL Oh:t11Z:?eT
._. .......
CIRCUIT
CRO~~-R~~~FER~~:~NCE ,l'O RELXFED APP~ IC:VVIO?~s Thl s i~r,.'rf'4.,at'f;sÃ;. Oli:i.Ã-#.f"s, thi: "~`3Q-fC:1-it C?ffffifi. 81l >`31~: t~1t`a:e- t5f U.~ , 11 "'53vis ,.on c.i 60'97 y ;0, filed St ftcYl1bS i 19, NO . >'s`lti o3m.itits L?f'U ` ti.pj lni hlfC`d?
No. 4+{?`L} ?;,? ffe 7:rfcorÃ>;oÃ'sl.i:Ed ~?y Ã'c.fieÃ'cilL:t, as p`ctit t)fFfpplÃc-Fad0fl.
TECH~ICAi_ FIELD
-FhuJ a.1;~Ei? iik rzl.3ras l#`,`> cX f'ai:i:zÃ"pt]Ã'S::i3l tl:.Ã]ci ~If4lÃf';ti.
BACKGROU]ND
:m1o4'L'.o toxic S-tib`taÃ1ceS and zt.'aE.taE?;?ti.. vva~,?i, ft3V:'I:t -kJzu Ãi?lL?t?dstI`C.c#:Ill e;X.tr:'rv0~']of'L?iF.l I. IIti-LÃ1t wi'Llt 1:t3#:21L:I-its C3t s1g r oti: to poa'r'~`t?rm ulE'#:Ãii1t:'aÃ_o. and diff,.fstoÃ-z.:l'.,~;''ilC?t3d. Bel-(?:Ã'w~ the blood is 3"+:. :i.fi'.aa:i$ x.L} :>Ãti: bi;>d\ a.i1.
:?a3Nf.'=s a.C, rLm:.3 i cd _`,?f?f fhC: blood to 1Ã'?.llibft ma7E3l SUMMARY
`<5, rif one iis-pect, r.l.ti Lrxtr;Ã.i:$)'f'pofi,<al 1$1.:d.Ãcal Tho i:ofl"3,31}IiQÃ::` ,Ã.3;'.tifdc.s a vc,nf A ve1ii s:4"i.icvuz: :ii;
.ti~=#il f.? Gt mL`a_b1a#v 3 ?i"m the ss-c. 3b \d= Thi4 b"eva structure ;S po? iLÃ5. but Qx2 ....`id'.: \4 l;ez: the R'cml 0 ~x ~., ;~. ~ ; s';: ~ti ~;~ : :f.i'='.
:it3i.Ãca-ui'Ã; bt,c,?ma.~ ,--vi:.t~ f..im K~y c3:if;>fÃ'.g t?ff t'h<:(7ofE:) i1.:1S.: .Ãni3:~.3ifÃF:g fi`Snlf fll,i3'4' ÃfÃ:y ffir 5Ã.gl.P dw vent structure. The vent stl`Ã_Ã+.;:f7:f`i: 11`o S,,.Z:f'otL,f::s, L..1 mZ:.2.b,.:Ã_f'.=l~
,m `fedl 4 fti?m Lf?I'idsv 3ti'tStflo11. l3G f:<?:I3pi3nri :s L '`5F1~.Yti.
of oe: \_', if: cf:
, , , S >=:g "~ , f :
a,t;?~.a ?t.f?T"s:~; >-S.cf ?,_ijirÃL'.~#. ~s11:?C cErl:lÃft, i,:Ã
.r ¾~sp/s !~[ that { C) S
i. , f ;.1.
JÃf v~Y~.\JCki~..r 4Lfi~+i;{ l.{L~1} ¾?~:Ss~l'KV~y` ~.fd:4#6~Fr'L-'S4~k+
fYpytt>2[.iW.`a~.. (aZa~ i~! \~vY.~.Ã!~.`y] i.fà a Pitti.~~%i3~~~r . A vml C1~~3,v ~~~:= is K4~3 Yf? \ S \ \1 ~{
,wr`.s~r. ~ o~.sL.'=~.~ iI3~.~'2L:: f~3.~.1~acl ~?i1$.7\~t~~:Ã~'. Is3~:. ~~i#~
.Ila.Il:.k-'s <3'L'cnt srli,~Ai.#.n and a mlclo pori.?u" Ã'.3embrf$nc. 'I'bi? structure ts porit f=, bu,~ exE>.:.`af.is 7 4~..
25 when L~~~.~ Li.:f.. 44::.c ., i rt~..> } t Y ~ and ::Ã.ii;tEif'L t ~S;i:,37?~+.}3 i~,tl thereby L<RCs41`fg; off the r?i?3'4;. ,~
afliiõi. aÃ`i3m ffli3'iK3+'.i3'1~ through E}lv 's'L T3E S*ri 13K;:`.":.Ã#"e.
vt.`A]t ..h"ita::":.Ã.o also cT- ;t ~ Y r ~#%'(:~3f21 ' 1ti. "'~ :~.1`~s1 :7 ~:3`aà ~~,lt.1~; . > .~. E:
c..~~+..v ,.~t.Zir. 'Sõ~ .~~ Ã... ;t='~ 3>~ ~ÃF':; ; ~~E' L., . ,`Lti:~ ? sl . *~3- ~`
~~. .iSià .Y'?: x...fa<.~-'Ã, K
a?iE?~L tii.l?f i i:i3v i? 4 i? ~i s1*~? i .~t?f~63?,''..i.~t.~~~.~ 1.Ãf ~i?.Ã#L: with <i. ~~Ã..~.C~ *::3.:'..t 1~ .:IY~fa: a 73:~fv.:~~,i;= tTC.~.,,'., \l.:d~L~=~2~ such that t~~.'l; '~~1.:~"~i`
aiisl.'~#?~d.f~~nJx?~~ii~~~~~ ~i~.;:.~~:,P. flowing ~~n~..~3. t~?.''?f~.
4L'.Ci'~?:`~
{
I.r ~3~"~3 l'f)#:ia.c3t~~i:3:.,'*.~y >3~:a' =).`*`4ti~t11'a' tica.'a:s 3ii.:.'i_#""
:#. ,f Ift3ri:ff.,i ¾:q)ea,..`.'., an exi'3'saL.o3'j'4mal. medical fIxL#.>et i:;ir4f.iia <lprm..<?bu5 0 s.. y f<3t rL.:nsOv}ng >.Z# 1.it>.w1.f:.bod(ly[F.qttAdin ~'uxl?44cVqwLe(2_1, 4=#:tn.rWt>y us4E.:.t#? a }.?4di? ,t3.iaaysi.T
, dosL}#b,~d. TtzQ appLiraÃus, tttL~udes, a Lh,.tmeber I:4rvt mg a flu,d ~.~a ypoA< a fluid ei;t po,'.':, ib xia -a vent 'c3tsembiy. ~'he veiit assembly f,achudG's .;'a]1 crtS jy)" ?a.>s In4mbmanw, :2nia a vL:~i S~F.# ~if~`~ ~~{.~ji'#~..'.i-io-. ~.f? t~:~~
~.lx~.s..;.'i?-~~E~a..sL:t 1~3t`~.~,t?I .,:~~::~. ~~ =1a: Z"4:#ai.
SirFidE3AV ?a"tl":.t><'k a porous material thtft Is capable of 3 iw.
,fl,,iÃd ea"lhFy Port and tht: fh3:ii.z`. C>tit pi'ii Fs:CL'` i!usi#1gCGd to alh<v lte.#id to pass 4il oE:k;h rhw 4'hC.J.i3phu']. iZoi1: t1hf.v entry !+`~.~~~.5 to k~l~.iV' exit port s5_{i~iM
~S(_i ~l.t.i.t tt3L: chamber ~.L i.~.v l L..Z-~W.t\ when back ~~t': s4z~.;='~; is vap~~~~.~..~~.. ~~
[ n~~. the '~'..rt~.s:~~at~1~
ttly is auan~,.ed to aE;3v~ gas to Gxh ~z~:~:.
chwmbo:: as .he hqta?d p ;~sos through tlio frl~~~niber, in ket aaoflae-r .#spz;.c;, an il3;eg<<3:ted fILlac1 C#rcu~t ct?mpol;4=n:
a,ftqw<> w SS:`a1.::n <3 dialysis rnai?a31w is df.3f.:.i'lbed. '11i,:, i;;+,`:17:ipi?nr',,xly ~.Tali;i.ldcS <?rÃgid.
i v. s1;b`tar,tl lly x#?adn z?L'+r"'.i3ii and a psl.uia:ky of tet".essei$po#.'t#ot;.i 4 >`<.rt ~;`~ ~ ir:#rn O..#. J:li:`.f ;ma:1 po rt.~.?Ã;. and a l3~:'x1~,?ai:, I~c3S ~i:i,3L ~ ~~C~3~1~%I~1z33~s ~xi least E?.lb, of the .~f zLi-::~iL.<_~ ~."'~)`,i#?.~a'>+. A
. . . . . . . . .
fiz'; i #"oces--,od pz?.,,:t1a:t offfie :3,1F'Ãultty of recessed portions fi3;
#.tf:^ <: sk'I7:3i1.:ft.~.Z:1 A.S.,cx)ta:?
I".',f..cs?.i+.'.iA P<3rt1oti of `zic Pluml:ty of a ecC':ise<i P{)l: ttlC):t-,(::i fon`ans a first t<hwat`#:`=z ..za at is #.:, 11mF.
~t3:1"`,.~x3lJ.:~lt=i#~i+`_F W`_th the d:1:mllbcr, 2111d a third 1'i;<.L.a4iwo, pa..aftii}#`. of the pltrrafitt' t3x 3wGes4:vE.`f 4:V poA\icas }f.mr`.^.a ;i]4.Wori\2 \:iiari.iel in fluid communication w#ffi, Ori+.. 1:: t[bt,p.b\.-. 2,hZ.=
vf1`i1ptitlt 37i i.3lsaas .wB.tda..s a i'e#,t ds5e#idblJ' that is iil I
l`Li;E3. CC37n.:afmac,..n"t?:1 ` fhL>
,~ . .ti ~ ~ a Z ,ti ~e. y Y ~=. . i `
:;~::13~,~.~~lE.`=~". 3;li ~#;:Yb#.~'i3~., i~%;~E:31~.:` a S'3 ati~~:}~}~C~>'zL}a,FC 1~~aLl~~i)~'F.F..V .,:.#,i ~.:+..3aI'i~`, , 1?1 , ol `sai,t,?ffie,' as~.;Ga,t a dialysis tiy5te#.'x ts d:sCa'1bed. Tlw `ywwnz a m.cdZ;hf,ne body, a purnp o:1 t3..C i7:ai:::h :z"#i; btfdy. and fluid circuitry tubes) in ;-l#at~~
~5 ct;?'#,3nlu#.3iecatid):l witI3 tl3.o pl:mp. The pl:+l~ip is oS:3#2fi`?`a.2a"'`: k43 Ã3 tish fluid tbu"Ãs w,h the Z:ia'f:llEtFy'. The Mysle.'n <al`'si'3 7ati~1#t~~~ a vme as?;einbly 1#~
EtL1Fii ~ bl ?rf w.11~i1~.~ tI. w.iri ffiQ
fluid L, i'.,ii.tt`t`4`: ~he vod3t as`;',"I"#7b1 y 3aY".=zud't.".'? a Tu?i'wTo 'poS'o'a"~'`_~'. I,:C:1.>brCSn6;,. and a t'o-=a`=t.
~~~.#a=~i1t?c; aE.ji3ca,.3e to lhl #.nwIo ptfTf_Alls mE-`_S.11r}ra'e3S:.. x ila`.. Vt:-T:ft ,stT'fS-.ssul'e m. wri.i~~~ha. is capable t}'!` `'t'e l.Fl7ngg w:iiNi moisCe#aed.
t {r iTi c3 ~<Zi~' z z`ci\~~L~=i, :'e. a"i7w=~~1~?L~ of A'Z=#3'~t~~'71~r~? air fT`L3~#.i :x: ~_at3~:.#a c' >#4iwE1 a>I[ .`>.4~=?~ ~1 c.,*#Lyf.dk-:Y' is dcsf:rib~.~.'f. A dh4?nibe~wii.han eA}tiy porl. ~,mex?t port, a 2 merrtb "si:m.= c3.iid a , efÃE structure is provided. A first 11i t3Ãd 14 passed ihwu<~,,, i;71'< i.x3t;'V
p{3;ly -f3lAi.IitF; .3i#:: chadnb[:> so dz at s#.;lislait.lci9ly.i-:iC3 .Ãir-ri'.';:Ã3c1,ns IT~ tbG Ã~:hc?n:tbs:.. A second 3ÃLiZ`-..bld 9s- pti4w:d i?IÃ'iiu;~ f..,I4 entry ~Ca~'~.3Ã13T of ~~>tF= t -~ t :.~Ãi~~. . liquid out ~: :~ tf l., ..:t<; an t 7i ~~~r~. M~; ~~i~Ã~, ~~?.Ãa~,.~~ ;i i3"~
port of blS,L. 5Iiw'mber and )orining a Fi.q-L~~(I"~iquid is.iterffi\.e b(:.:5wt..t..Ãi.fll1: im wnd sGt.ouli_Ã
Any gaJ bi.ie,3#?3.L, v =~lx:Er di3:i'a 1I1 thG= 5C`cC31`lci liquid can bL.tzÃ'ced out of~.~;~:3:: (,.haa:i3;zbL',r >hrc?ugh the ?3'?iL,nlwp',`>Ifo L74 :::3'~embI~aneand the vei3t s.T u:'wt'o;
i_;i13b 4.?dI`t s o" f i1l c i1.1s :I Z3s c CI m c t 1=1+.3di's, ay5,'vm s :cI`,fi d u:i ...~.~s xlia .4' .#._.c .u d t. .siic c?r po`_`CisÃz+v of `c'.bi ..:t 15 Lt3 :Ãbt?z#f4,C
F.,e Zi?' SiTLFZtEEFe Qi3il have %3vi 's35`L`1 toc-!
if y Tho vkvt :"o-ruc.Ure cwn i~~~itide. a Pul~"mcr such t~s polzeth r aer < "o., 1~~~~i den.:' pÃ`,lJ`et~:~ylenS.< (i-iDPF)j, pi,lvi1.3#'1~pylt'.i1a.} or ptily:~tyff'=Ã1e:
"` hv ~?E:=n, `G.i'Ã.t'i,',w'o can '.. include a Sw'a;FlF,i3.g i'geà ?,.
?G#i.h as (CNIC), r ncÃ..~~I-e~~~4-cellulosu oA f3t1 e'r .sirnflar ;~~'vellmg atepnm ~~"'} M ; ) a i~E:y { ,..V .\ ~t =~ ^~ !2)'}2} blend ` ( [)' C ( ~ l ,{S} and $j yx t~S .Z~' n} ~:.~}i ~li:t~~.a lwS~2i iS.~VSL~W~/ a l~'wNÃa.t} \?.i R~ A,,`l?~ ~~ Li Y~f,i-~iFa .,`S~V` 4> 2Si t~1v.~h=A
ià ?~.
t~.~Ãe ;'e::`it :~~"x3L~~w.:E." :a#.. ~,a<'1~'Se, c.Ã ~i~Ti:~ii.~i3'l''.Ss greater than i.Ã ffin4:k~~`.css t?d .., `.It.,sO..
pi3 +.7i,32i Ã"rw;.nbrane.
t~'.
Thi P .r t,~~, . =, }It.`.0'~: an sS`C:;Ã":k ~. ,~ o ~ `S.:F'. ':5..:~
~3".~'i?j_FI~C`i.3 1#:aE:~l~.~`3T`~':Etx~ can {~zn ~~t~sC:~s:C: of F>.+.t~_.
.T:..
W about :s. .'3 nnita'C3n` (e.g<,, about 0.22 dilic=I'i7fÃs or c`_'.bt)irt 0.2 microns), The n?i:i.".s-pf33't3i.iS i'3-3.ai3'1bn-ÃÃlf' can be held by a phiJt#:t i i=I
? I"1sCrt lli=a.it LY 4at31 a~";, ;.#2mas..]l:,c 63%s':;ld!?Ãg; aL,he,~i~-'i,`x C:lampt":?~.?, t`, ) :ÃÃ?d dhc.l <#.z,5c.Ii.,?'3:y c,m ztlõ+:
t>.L4';~J.Q1.Lv CAf\ ~']~~>'`i1F ~~~5 2-J()iWÃAvg }.tt,4.= :~M't.a}O='=p\~rott-, me)nb74CdShc. .Lifr..ABtL\? ,>:ta.wf.t.i:-c.
In sc~.nc c:i'#.abodimenes= a Sl> i.3{.f.Li.t'd-'_= or ;Ã~seÃne?l'4' ei?i"i Ti,6wlz' tplt:sti+ rfing- into ~vb.i:,: y., r~_.~?? Zd~ 1.,,s: a"Ã1 <:, " ~`~''~s--.~` a . ~; ~,.i..~ ~. ~=~
~~,~',:.~vf.s2 t~~4~ .k`Iix s``,ÃI~;E.>E.Ls .,i.E~: >~~:
~ i~`~ ..`~Ãf:s Cs~.'a ?.~7'Yi#1~.,~' .~ r l, 25 sEructi3:i't,' c3s2ii I'omil#s, the vt;.ili. 's-tiui:turc a[ijacc33i to ftiÃm`zc"33 pC1"riDi`zti' f.ii:Ãnb...e,:`.e.
F ~4 S't.=~i~. L e' ay~auZu~.> ~1..=`Gz.cl.~ :2~~1.='~~~~.~1}-~= ,3 a [#
first q '3 ~,Z=Z ~`~?~.t`.'~i :f1y~..-}jt`JZ.E= :i ^:tt:.:ta C:i'r=4 f.it:.4 }
~.:i 1~
kne?~3c`,rant., eae3d a ~w~~,ond porous l<`-lb,.;f' Fl:ct":ÃL:C,i3t to Li`li:
first PC.7fl'oÃ,is l3yCz."
1 w ~"tico'i3d. i?C?:il?i#"'s layer can .i?'s:.A'11dc :i pt.>Ãt3'cs ei7 7.?IIi3., t1ha;t is ++..c1p::K. of swÃ.Ã.51ng vv? e:3 'moÃ>wme.?.
J0 .w s1 ;3t 3owow? ,.c1;'er can ah,,t3 1Ã":clÃiU.c a porous m:[tE i i.al f:i::Ã, is ::,ap.a.`>le of The,' vi;`C;oÃ..~`~. poFoF,., la}4~:e can bave a greater prC;pon;'s.FÃ}' :.o swell in à 3G x.:f e F7.S tr of mo.3i`:>F::F' thu, tht, ;.7.NA ptTrot`a~ layer.
.I'i1C.::ecC?nCla porous layer 4;m have i$d1 i;ltiiõri$.4;"ÃÃ'`. pore Si}.t,t,mt i {rYT'>ai.S : 21# i:in ~:~' c~?st h7S33i.'. tiF:c'.c 13: the a`f,it porous A<11'Gr, For Cx<J.Fiip,l#.., tbo fms;t porous li-Ebi...' ti.i3.> have ...+.aii ...vo..ra-S. porC. i}f a.Fi;k..tm 10 Fr3Fti.'';1ilJ. and ih 'k;sL:{.'i}ndiitiroue" 1,.F4ek C:wF:F hi.!'i'ea'i.~
i3i'o"i~gv pore size (? i abo5F.li, 30 m:crons:
R1, :+va,f'iad pL?>o?,l:i layer ciÃF? include about _5% to about 5W.';t by EZ=`o 4..,jIi.
;~.~ ~~~, fca ~o~at 10% ~~L'~ by ~~ ` ~^eil a ixt The first pi?.Ã'f)l,-, la4'er ca3:x i1.+,:lFbdE`. 0% to about 10% by wt~igh;:
i;:~e1õl?ZlxYm4,0,I'S"~cell Wi3sG (c.g., JÃ.'s8 than 5% b?' we1pl1t The t:~~.< 4(?Fy3i?i~'LFi I:'wfkiL'i~l Pi1,FiLi i:tr0u#t ~.^.t3,Li.pi:YF
c.Fl_Ã can be t zÃ:fi?:F .w r+,`>.F' i.?S4 Iff>
an ciir?'e.iea`'ctd a;zii`~iF.bi'+.F`
T.a.,` ;?r~3',xt?2'jx's?'F;'.al .Faed#.i`=al fluid circuit t.+SInps`.~TFC
.iFt can be confii3':I>4d fo:F use i1i a.
-; -.31?Sdut;=i.l 1L ThL= e..x;aacm"()(3# e'Al'#:.t'SlTC.:al flCald o.$1`z:.:'"si`t' f`O#,i;:
#3OI1OM c.#.F; be ws3fip.od for ww iit ..
biz3C?d t ai`cw33.. "I'he iT3?o#.i S.:F.acl,FiÃ` can b5; capable of being used w#t1? -a : tFi3?.a#.
'ITw Itl:',y.:#o. po..YZruF? :~.:~C''F`IibIaF.eY: can bt.'. beiclv#.,e#l Ãb5..`- $'eFlt s'o1ul'.turEr and the ti=~.,c#F#'.? ~i.
~.~ 3 +õ i õÃ':_ S~.Iu4luF e cet.il. #Fii lC3.i$t p4>tCsua" mcdfiena3 Ã.~~~t is t;=apablo of s;vOli#:g Z3.`:m moi:i ;, oi,:G=d .
II,a`L dÃ.;l`viIs : vs<.t...x?l. can include ~i p3 #.?ssla.'zL "Ã#'t3nsduC;ir w3d F#'_,:.z:>& cce r #'oF<.c.;or thal #:3cli.lt$e5 the vt'.nt, as, Li1-11"Iy, ,Ã-Iha~ T.ÃW..S:l1..~:'u'# 3.{3toLt(ra ::all be d1Spt?nd bet',xi.etI, and 9I1 I':F1:Fd wAih. the ~in-uià y w.it; ii-#c presstiri trnsducer..
~ ~~,si~ the ~eG{.Zro.i liquid Ã~1#s_E.~ ~[!; $~1G ~.x17.Ãry port _~r1`s C can i a~LiiiE~ E3u t izs.ÃT.,<
~,^i~ ~: v, s?5 f'oF12 the swQi3:-1d exquid .hT~.~uHgh the t#rlLit} pf1ro#%.'.R me1-i3bi'an4 and ..':ow:n,~~õ i:.3ii:aoi:3wum ti>
pass #i-1'Ãoug{ ."x`3e S'i"#it ci3ustl7-; the :''+..:11t `ÃI'ur"L#.1e- trty s'.SFiL
i~_Jti#cr aspects, fUaFÃ1-ur4s, and s.FGFv'r.I.r1tagC':i are in [-iiS;
dt:it.tapt;t]#3 i.l.t?:, ~~
D='s CRI VIJO N OF DRANNIl~ ~~S
EIG I :s fj s;,thunt~~ie lfaagrx-11 ot`a~-i cxititct~rp.>:ca1 fl~~~d canai:':
..L:=: h4~n:od,a~y.sal-~
FIt., .2 #s. ,dhef7"?afic v.iGL,~' of a pI't:4::{BI"Z: s~.'I14c#"
atiheÃt?bf'i;
z :"Ki 3A f s sii_^.C., v5.c~b' C?f'a tTak-iSdt3ce1prott:dCIr:
FIG. ,' a`~
, is, 'a c#`õss--st;;ct#.ki#lai , We view oT itie rÃ'ii.tlatiiÃ.ca pro:ws:=t:?i' s;}f `~C? 3A, F IC\ 4A, iw a L:Ã4 ~~ ~ti.~t3~31zct~ 5,.do 1'iC;Al' (?'~~Yzi fini.pal:: 4?f th", "SAz'?sCzu>~;`,..l ~`~ti?t~.: Gi3T`~~f ;
"'IG 3A.
i'.G 413 is .. i::.=~S'~,?s:? :?[:=C.tii?.F3al. `id4= view i,Pfa Sf:c(?.EI.d pe3r, t?ftlI.. .'.I'wnti{..eact : ~3#~~.~L:St1 ~#, of.lt sC), 3A.
1?' i{ , .;..=`r = .. .. {Y st~ymg #.L?L.= t ~'= i i:..~:i.=~, ,~ ~'L.i'~~ , c3x.~,,,G''= L`..,C1~h \L:='4`~$'t'+#h't:~ 4~`~=!'~5 ~F.lf.i~sii ~~i assembly ~:. ~\r ~'~ .3E.; : ?`:L' 3`.i~.3a4.
=1Tott :'Lrt'f F:C~ 'A.
F3GS, r;AaTld 613 #ll[T:atra>t', a d#i:flL=sV4 maS,ht21ts mC.a.lstiiril g F'+~ra,.=w-SiYrt Y.,.1w:.:3 i of ili +,::C~1'e#i:w)~3<iC.i;~ i~3i;Esi~ L=#t~~:lfdi.
~ +-~:. .~'~sG 7 is ..F, tiohemtitii: i:ross-: e{ .'#.i.3nal vTt:~=~ o1.`i,Y-ii air #"4% ~ i , .~#i..''3~." ~'4, ~.>,.
` .~'s...E. '~.
:1sscm.1b. i''.
FRJ. IA.~ a scahemat:icic3p ~~iew oi~~~o air rclc::,yc .;ham,?Q:rofFIG. . .
z.,F bottom air i~}: 7:~ 3~ a s~..~~."#a~~~tki, F?\'l`'\=i~ of the El`r4l!
tsso ..ba3~.%bC'.r of 1-1(1 ~~U.] . l.= I:t ai^1.~lvtLiLiS:.\. p4 3`spb..l.~}.ivE.= view of "i].4+ [.tii. .ciei.xs;.= chL(inb~w3` W.FS.Cf. 7:
20 V+D, 7E, i?A)(3. i a:`+'a:i3c1.4h, :ii.:h4.anii.tic c.r(?s: sG,.ctiE?..#ul v:'L'.F' . ~?.4 . re3 :S:r PIG 8 is a sch;,.nrafic -l.op vif.A-v o'4.'a hydraphojbik filter E`scn.-,bly.
3"~t 3 SA is a 4cf,'=h`4nuSi.F.t <3; th4 h}i oi, S. tCik4'S.i alo] `Si :zSt\ SA"t:.Ax 25 PHIG 9 ?~ s 4c:#.:.3cFiic top. view #.)f a vciit S1#~`~.ÃcÃE?.re.
:G, 3A: i`3 Gi.-os Sewili?nal.''it.':~:v of :he v4''T?i: `at1'~a.`cti?iC: of 1-,.~~3 `~. ~4::*..c> ..0:7n~_ .ti:~~:
9A, FI'Ls. HO i a ,sQ`3C.m:Ifi. top view of 4itl ;?"ttiLr#;.
FICF. I t)A.,s ii?.toss ,ioi:=tional -,id:;4~v t?ft'llu tt7;~*~+:.'ri..?ff-It..x r~, ;>;C+k`'t- :t ie 1 #sAw .? ) .'^0^~.
1:"?~.~ .;',` B , :cE ;~l.~Ã.t view of F21>eIt t);::~'a~.M 10.
~
.1 : as a. schematic top view of a r<:ta.iex'.
F.., ~ <~:.1~~ h~.#=iii~tli}~ ~;L=4' C~~ ~~3~ !~# 7~1.. Ex '~~3: ~ 3, ~~~:>. t 'z.~;; . ; ..~:~.
. IA.
i '~ t .. ..t.+ a `ik',..L=.~1'..:iti,C: croS;t sC::<tii1mal ~'~~=~~' of a vent t..Js'.. .h`iFbh.i.
r f' , k3. 13 is xi schL.a31::itI.<. S.de v1C=4v of a 4il1a9:2'ib +.:F' t3.d port aFir ? than i;i3,.3 3~t' :i4~~.t~3~2~ii'1~
. . . . . . . . ... . . . lt5 I+.?raT? a hÃ4ttoln L'=Y?tr4 `1ot`'.''f.?F17 exit a'hn-mbt;Ã'.
i` sG, 14 >: ;xchernatiL`= ;.idf:: view of a botlos37 e'iwi3'Tt:3i,;atC?ni vx.t ai1';~~.`.ai.we, FIG 3 ~ :s a `L33ernafic mo':.? S~="+r'tÃf}n<ll E'.ÃLw zYf -a 13i3'ti.?"71 Ã-`=~~i:~~'k m.+l: ~.~~~. w.<.iS <~:~`~V~ "~ ` . ~.~~....:.:i !-c ~~ (~c::
iitid a x..cna a: sen1L-fly.
Hj side ;z} (.>. :.S .J a ~i~:~3. '.~.~x<~li.~= ;~.~ <%s.~C~~~
~;f%~.?~~~}tt~.)~~~. i::~t~' ) .tr ~ S Ft{3az ~. Jt CÃ < T'r C4<~.4~. u _~ ~.F. .im .
3'X_3: 17 .4 a 5chC:$3.1'ez.tit' tt5:3 view '.xf a fAtc,"I z_9.:,SF.:"2N"c:, FIG 7! Es a i.i+)ss ;ioci1t3nal 4'`1m C3:{ ihi filhe.i' 4tss'emt3l"Fr olffi( .. `,:?,c:K l:Ã.}ng ~ ~~IG. I ':k M ti side ~'ir:w of the filt~.>r assembly of ~~1G 17, of -': =~~?~ <.ssembly ?:`ICs, 19 is a Si:he.T] atic side view ofa bt3ttEs.ne cz7gFy/t?i?E. m i.'.xIt E:~3.1's:,a..#.:c< :fnd a aJst FIG. `(> is i , ch;'nnatii; ci`t)~~ s'eL=tlE?n:3l V1QW of :; bs..ts3ii-i ex$:. t.ha;b:.i anO a b'i::zit <a.,;,s:'<" ;b3 y FRI 21 is a Si;ht..n2i3tt6: ,~.~diie view i1'f a lot)tyom C'l-A" I
~,.~o:t1nn, ex#.: s~ham.`)C:" and a `nteli`
a`i se3~~ook FaG. ~22, .s . flow i:iaN;a'a`~'u for using an a3.T Ã",:lw:asf- ch ,:.nbc$' in an w<itr# coapt?awt.3 ~' ~'t7. 23 ~ a ~~.~el~'~''stl. C a3s:i? i'1iZ~ of the blood flow path iA?
z3I1~;,3I +.I%l ,... Ioscase i:-ha1'nbZ. T.
.F`}G. 24 is as\+hLrn~aõL. 5Ø:ag1~i~iii o3`a45 eFd;twa4o'~.~'Jri'-a{
f:Im{2E:}'a.SrCi prt..pLinip and po-;?t-pi.imp 1li.i:1~~l pi +`ure ;i41;3+.?Ac# sseÃ;~}..,c'~
:d ~
VeF ot.7\ pi { "34l3'r+o- su'nSor ati1L'`.Ft3tsh;
?' .~a. 25 is .a 4chenii'tti 4 Is i~ ~=L~~t~~l }i V?Q'rN of an ai? 1elUa3s-S VoE:t <!4 ;eiib:y aavim~-~~`` <~m0fflay5;r )'Z=~~~~~st~~ic~~~re.
f?
^
1`1+f..:t .:i3 i.i t3plan :`l(~?x of an 1nt'C:4i?,rr.itvdext-rC.'t.'.~.~*,ipCSrLadl i'r`r F 1 (1, t. . cross (_< Y{~ ~L'L.42 y( \ "w:RJf F [ 7 fs~t~3 ..:\~~~)~~ i i D.f`i~4f...l~.~i,i4l ~ i=')~~YC Z~~, the 1.~ y 2~AZ~~yL4ir-)a..'~..=Ll:~~.;C~4.~m1-0.i\ o. F.:~~~i.
416take ,i on5,}, EnL'- 26A-26A.
FICR 27, is a pei s,3Li::tivfi 5;ww of the d11tE 4?r.att'd C
xtAac'.ozp:t1cal. ~~F'f i1e. ,f B"'i 23.
DETAILED DESCRIPT ION
A õ
zLili% c3z(%uIt S'ilC"..h riS 2EIi. (:%tI.3C:l?.pi)Teaj -ffiitd Ui~~;:i.~1?::
U: +.'i~.. .i3't blood xrol:':
:i ptttÃZ:~:d: dt3az3ig hemodialysis, ci3li bG provided w.Ãtiz 011:0 or "m+Zl e sell, sGci:fi V vt., nt i:S.,..i:$.T.lblli,'s {:t? :il.hlt;'i:. (L;.ti,;;., pi~.b'C>11~~ fl?.:iihs flowi21f~, Ai+'iChÃda dw SJI:viza Umitwcl wffl1 ix3i. extet'#'iLil atm<Jspi7i.t'F~ and/or e'.tl_t:F i1 ,=v#ti7.
and po >S1bz +' c.~tminn3i.Ec3l#.ng rwlghborzny d;'c.'FZ.e:*. I 61e Sre:'lt >iJs4.`{`'~ } i~ k va l e.i$:+Ã3 Inhibli (e.g.:i;':t~i'F'-z~. t) .1 ~?..c.:~.~?~1 ~,~~~"El~:=l~;s i37IC~
t9"~,.~ ~3;Ilfsi~9 :~IoI`."2 ta~i'. i:~.'t~~c", '1:.l `e~.lz "f:~}s~.~,.3e ..~.:~aE?:71 ., .~
Z-=3.,~"~~~~i~,l.ry hrli`) Z:f.$i2y.i~4'L 7fif.~:~.E~.~~ui=tj. flowing 4~r'~bL~di4.~ t~~Z. :.It~il.~ ~+~2~Y.::i.fi~..
~
;`,Y 3.\+ 3cirI# u-) F I C3. 1, xn `~.';{t1t3ti4?rpo'"C.,il c1re4i1t 100 ,n 4:.+udei^ ~ ~bin~.!'. :hro u gAi W:l 1Zt the fi(?C?d .lt3ws _;i;IL~Z i:r_>.q3+aF;i1as for fiftC'Iit3g and porf+.1iT1 ,n{? on 3',.'~e ?.,~:++~~;, Blood fr~~t: a ~ ~atie~-iÃ. 1t~~ ;~:~r ~ ~,~;~~ i~.~ tubing I `_.a~. f~7o\.
~Ã~ t~a ~a `~s ia ~
~ . ~ ~ y ~ i,Ai wA..~. a: ri.;.fdia3.11E)or 115 btihs::ri: i3. 3.i7i1;>Ã.~c Ipg tLEbw I 1~~.`.~ lI'"1m the (i1"Ip r.h'i'#i::ber 115 iift 4hes to ..#::#
F.i3"~E.,=`ii:~.i prC,?:.'Le`xL t~+s'~~~F"atJi 220 f~1d7. a iC.'=i~r~:3F3 "Cis ~.~Aai~.l.^~^ a=~,,,3kll wz 50 r~' p 2t ..i.~~ "~;i~"4~S t'a' ~ ~' v ~ ~ t~:tr! _~~t. t.~ ,.k..~'. .S.:v.
<
:?~'~.s4i.i?'e s., ;I~~:= t~it=~~~~ i3? ~~
:i ~:it. arterial ~Ii; i,:FAi:E~i~: . ~.~~õ f~liE.= :x;c4~..,~ tia,.t:
sen..S,:z ;.a~sa3ibl-v .?i:t Ã.Iw=1}1de". a tys.essuro trt,tisduGC:- 130, whxcti c:wr.
be mourz4 d -w .:ha:~ a d.aay~.s mctchzi1o 50, so t ,,i`i: ~~ia p~'~;~4la?,~"= of :~.~`~?C~ ~~ " L'E;i through ;~:_? t~ , .z : t;`r it~.fli i . t ~.: i1~ ~i;3i. :;.1~'~;?:i~Ã ~ . ~~ i i ti C~t ~ ~ c 3 k3#vd. The aÃ`Es.=A:iaa mi.:is3E,ic sensor i?.isv~izb:v 12Ct alsi, x"fl:..ldi=,s 'ii trs3nsL.i.,iL:c" .3:i'c3`t-ea:ti3r 1 40, .vh.id:t cai..eti Ll silt S4itlIJan srent %fs5<.feibls' 1.41 it. Q, s t) s.ftt=`si;
25 iil.CiUCÃ~.: n ::embran~~ 144 (-FIG-. 3B) ani; a IÃqu,d ;c:d."Y ut;.d ,?t`s"µ'<:= 14f.`'3 (E KI. 33B), rz7w.= vS::i3l cJ.,`i:iE:=Tlxbl~~ 141 hb..zp." ti's protect tis, pmss.~xe tr'smsE>1:3::E.'=r I `L} a'tizd .lte dizi..~vsis Ilioidh.#1iL 50, L"a'3 which it 18 iZ1o2t2Ei;:ti, aI'uFa: dS.lfi:>#;:. ...onti.ici with 11li$o;,:`
1:11--(i"viI g W`.E}lii? .J.. i`.~iT:~U~?,~:>iL=ii~ ~'1fL=Ei#~ 100, Ia"~ the event 0:,a f,2~= t-nl:l'{Z-po:,o,1'rz f:"xt.za:L??':Ã:+.. _ . , 1-1,1j)tU1`3;`.s. `7it5i>f. ~~i:la ~ ~~~3131+:, 1i1~:C? C;i5Y1t:3C'4 1~;`it~l ~L'`?<. lI:.~~;;' 3 ~" ..~.:.i,~ a. ~ ;~`
~ i aC _~.L.~, vH1F
<?;~ 4>d'c lfng `rc.tià 5:"# t.c ..tlt:,` 14(1,, #tie Z'ei?1 ,,tii1`.:luF~~
146 tti [;t} tio4i. ~~3~\..~~ and, ~. ?. will Cx.,~hCt..~i>zi;
. . . .. 4''S+i ~.~', .5~..w:.~..eN..-i,% j õ i?ii',-'C:i1ti iiia..f. liahS.lS ~#.:l.lf,.%3:ne 501 ftoIT7 bE,+'.E#lat.ifl.;' and the zJisF hFi3i:.= 5~3 ;:i C~ .%:i t ci ~<. a1~23$z`.e ~'2e# dlxo#l~;~:ti of ~7re Sllre ~f.lti~::'Fis<
A pi.fzip 1 t?~.`s, ;,ucl>. as a peristaltic pump, ft?It>Ã'.~s the :3lot?(1 :~) ct`>i1~3m,Q cFk):.3.;f t3l;3 h.l:i'ol..gh hS,. cf:i~E1 t ~~~~. The blood t3~Fz'TF flows to a ~~l~fi i..i l 3 7~~~ .i:t :l separates v~. Wast4 p5.o\aWi_'t.x.Irm-n ti.ie by.oc.'I..4.
After piF.s .#F3g; :h'#'oL# irw.`=,'a: ehi'`. dfc1lvIi:"=r 170, ~i-i5: ~3Iood fli3ws through 4'"om. #:.;ti u# bFzI::.T
~. ~ =
Y
` "~~ t~'bi~~';1F~~;~ ~: ~ .~iy ,"i~zca~ic Gh'<#-mbt'.Ã l'O F.ti '*'a'i13'h M
is u oõ `:si i Fn ¾l1L` blood 3. 0=Ot3a~c-bC1sJ,"e .`thC: bSoi3O c,O#:13an.~#. ~~~w to t}3t: 3~~i'a7ji~ 105. ~~?4.Fla E
,t.:. ,. a~>~w" tF'L'c~~':F~.uF: :5~~~ x52..3't~ , i`4? .,42''~sUa;`3 i', L t. ..
the blood, O-W blo-od t4.fh air fl.~~~~s In 1}:rt3agn the N3[tom of ttiu l: chamber ....)S`>. The F:R'ex:~per mobE3#.l of the blot~(I is i#";:{ pefiCd b;t, c .Fv7t',' and ~.'Lt:+_tme;;
;ti3w~kiii;, air cC`>ntI11#3C U) thm tl}F~) L?f the L:hitrnb+,'.F 2 ..""~.0 vvhi:`>C. Ai is rS,.F#.t<:d .5n..k. #.f.:s ca3E.. <3:'{:xosphCil"%. thl ovgh x_"'.3ot}FC'F'" sS'l-f-SUiIlÃ.#l y .'i'.':11t a;7tsi::3F"1E7l?,% 270, ( 'he vent 270 of .i1c crlc.if3,?::F 230 mclud%:~ a 7.1ic1'i?-poF't3u5 i t1G11Ib:anc and a sefirytic=x nt, -ve?'It. Tz';e k:
M'iCF`O..;_3t3M1.i5 rFi.S...iFE:?ri:FnS'. operates to l11h3l`rtt liquids kL
affidn f;iG c:m'#.aE:fe:,r Ei+:)aFl co~"Mi2tL.Z into clintaL-:.Wilil !.?~i~~ a{L2losplSbf.=re. 110wever, in St[Sw evcY.}t ti.#.ai ,3".O
1.M:1}y#:ca:if 13aPWra..::, J.#iF-iid is>.l Cz3;Fi.G Fa?.c? contact 1vr'Ih the SilJ` seaYng \'ed'#.Y >x a;.17i:..? Wt:a << s: #aaak? J #a}.3i? #fi (a 4i pr`Lvc73~) the b.~o(?d khnFa C:i.)mÃrig i3':v(# ti;i}"1#.wGt iOtx: 'f.ini`.
.?'i.i.ti.,, lu,.=v#t'i*, the i.hambt`'I' 230, i.~';.r.: blood ti ;w'c:~ thF:-4_3ogh a 4'enoF_is .i:.Z: i90 at`#.d, back k to rF E~E: :?i~-f~aLau.. 1i., 3:~~C'~\ ~~'~;.`= =:~3'=`ia~L~f'.~i .:35 jy`
As ~s..1o',4'-i:t ln FIG. 7 Fhc p1'esst1I'o transdFlcc.r ti3tw'nn::lh 120, ancFwt,::.4 i;... j3rc;~~F :i:
t'~{~.?~.;G# 1 Y :'` ?~~~.: ~Y<.1~i4 , transducer _ e4#~, i~~,t i:~~ ,be '?.`~. F 3 .; ~#.,~ei:~:? t: ~~il~,~~~,~~~~<~~ i~:~#~:~~ ; FIGS. ` u ~.+F3 3,, thl'i i.#.Ia,id Ã;e%:i .'3. ;r?{3kk.,.?.i;r l 4 0 lai:=I i: cl es a t?f3d v 14 9 #:h `.L,t d ;'..ful..s a i3.L7Id p a t t..w a , he o t>C3 ~. ~ 11 4 3 ~=.
f:'3c.:,;<ii'S .A':`~:#1t ,.tssf'n".b.y c3m~p<irt1"81en: 142 in ~F h1Ch t;3.c n.:Ã%aZ3 ~,;C;rf F;>`.+ nawnnbrc.#a;.~ 144 a#?ii 'r?S ~t =x~~~Z' #,:~T.N Z'etil sFF`LIa:hi#`+;3 1.46 are it`:3poti:d. A first orpe#'1 t"`.fFi. ~ 4,S1. a,ti11'i Itt. >,{;}?Lia`.4=tef3t to thi4 dF~:Flyvls 353az,.a.-Mtl~` 50, o,g.. via a .3i1'<3d'k#1ie fiir21uF;. . 52 (FIG. 21) ilii'i: t11bd:? : 117, aF'#:iA
i:'<?Z idE.s St1::_ .~1' i=w~`c.
?~1 asse.F.:byF ~.g i.onI3.r~'C:ung t..O:~'. ; 16) of . d"i19 extracorporeal 'L:,Fr``111t 100 011C], 1) to !~'Lo0 ido for 'sN'f#Fr_?.?"u3ÃiflS.",z;i1oIi NAwe.=Fx the `iS:.FIt atisf;T1-iblT=d co3#rpF3rtI1">cÃ7t 142 mid blood ;ls?bvFÃ? within E`:e '`.:li::ilit 100. T?.?-is arFc3:F?.gem<:Ãit c3llowS ;,ms air) g.= <3i) :o pass fluo- t ak the ,;.,a3: r3...::_F,bly 141 f?`t3riz the open ~";.i7d 149 toward tl'ie first i7pe..?:= end 14\- while m,1..,3'#.t_iTlg `x'Si P<Is`"qge of ~,~.Zi+i.}ody fFiid thereby iifflZ?w;~ the pressure tÃ`iElÃAuceF' 13 30 to mei3.:iF.,.t. Z.l.FiF,nge4 in wio<"U3";:..
r`ÃombrGÃÃ'?e 344 eÃllow4 g,,is (c M>= &FI') to p#'..OS U"ri..'tz. j: ;ho +vF,`Ã
l:~5L1tY.~= ~ i:t?i#ips., -;.l:,.t`;Ã ~ 142~ but. F:31pC.dt's the lEwx, of i'qlitta, thereby or 7Ã`~~'~al~#.Fi~ .~:eiTk+i3dfi'tt.ili diFmLry ~'(3'~7; .s'm,FII,,.,., c~
's.3F=F(i :vC"~;~s F~?>a~.? ?:I.,. ~tf`<~a3lFa..F: s.
t ~. $.. t,.,, ~?f ~.S.r-,t:;'t~:
- >.
`;;`:31?:s`tlui.;e?' z 3 0 on 3.h4: i-3ppt?stE: side C?fahC; vent c1a~L~~~i`EJp' ti.,oÃ:i)p 3F.;>:tC.F. . 't ,4? Fh:, m, .FC;F`o-po,..?i.3Y r \: F {
s F;~ai 3~3'F'#..;.t.: 1~ F,..Ã;\ :,: <I.~si? help to inhibit (~.
r~,~'.fÃ'tf~=:cIi~) tL?~'tl~?:: q~..~.;t:~,,l~:s ~1~Fl.r.
<
fro;fZ = ~ + c.=;`s.C.F`ii#y :~ =r ^?~>_ " +,.xb:iic4Ji"~J.3 { r~.i3.~ circuit 100 f~~7. ; ` r ~,. `{ ~.1i~.. t.Zfc.~,.i ~34...,Fr,< , ~ ~i ~6.= ~:;iÃI?~~~;i:.:.,.
veFÃÃ. .stie F lWy .ompE3.Ff?:1"1e.1t 142.
Th"O miEK.i'z?--poFou', rncn-~tbÃ'anc 144 ittL;s'uclos ~F hWchrc.>pft~~iQ
n't:...,r.,?;, s.I<.h, PZ~l ytetm fl; ut9:`oS..i~.`?yft;e?.~ (TITI.EZ) k{4 . (C.? , a ?~_:)) backm:
b' .Ã mesh Ã2?<33E i'iid. I5? ?oF"iie. tiÃ1?bÃ?d1rnR'Ief .. the meFI1biiiu.
144 is i eF ?rt?:;.. c,,..:lcm .I #ti> ~
Ã13.1itoÃ.3 w7ii ;voifl"i li3y::,F` on 1f5p of which i~?T}"E or #~the1':z3]'It> is iip.?#i#:.d. A :Su.Ftcbb:.~.' meF.1b.F~'is>3t`l><3s tiF3'F ati4Ãelg'r' pE3Ã`i:
size of i1.bF.-r, 0.0:.` -:o, ~i 01,45 iia.~.Ã'.~:~s 0.22 1:E`~..1~:.Ãt.)Ã'1s t3a ;3~Ft?:li 0.2 _Ã~{ Ã` ?Ã>~~, ~l'a.i`~il..ol e, t-`i?~.'mb;'c..3`.o4 %FÃ'e le uc7I.F: Pal1 C:J:pcSF`afioÃ'F.y East lidrz?, New asl?rke. under the Vi sqo:
~R mumik and 10. &o?'?=1 W. L. *.;t''~."C, & Asso#:::F~fts IÃ'${ NC wark. Di:.~lrv45?ue.
xFci4 FF,~, Yi',~~iF Yt.Z( IarÃC. <`'xtst,=a3?-Ã}?ay ~" v1`,. 2 structure 146 is a st)lec( k ~~#~r'~ts:i ~i i.~~Y Zk, r' .FÃ, c, rt" t~~:=
,,.. ?, ize of i?iD:.,i 15 tC`r e3:b(?,4 45 a.llt.'<i'un?e, 113al c1rF![>:Vs `rlÃx to paS,i ;the raa4C31:~'.~~~' through 4.
compi#:l;f:lent 142. In S\>;m CI?.i3<R3dLFf?: ~nt5 th<. E=:C,lf-s(fcloÃIlg ~,`S:FF.z~ stI"Ã%ukÃ..FSA', ~ t is ;t3.FI'z.zets of ;
Ã< blend of p,?;.y-ezh{ le.:w hr0~ dciisaty poIyet( s :enca (.~~~INIE;) and < a blc~.t.;~~ of ~ (00C), .\ " ~ ~.t~l~T5t,x~t~~. ~ t ~ ~'v ? % c?: of ~ ~'=~~ .~ ~
Z~' ~j ~ ~Ey'?,~ i' z~'A 'Z '~r ~ : =~" ~{ y ~. a' ~ } a '~ ~=. ;- > '~ K \
_. ~ f.. ~ ~ ~ Y~~.~~+;^ ~.x ~ ~?~ oi.~.~~^`~~'oG ~.ti>~:~F ~9C> =LY3.Ã:i 3~le~~a'= ~Ã,a. ~.~,e~,'L. ~ a3>oi.`i<3~3e3~S .l.:t~ , t~-~~~.~?~v .ir~:~x:#.:
`.~
I ~?.,~
F., Iri~r~~,.~::~, ~ ~ ~Ã~? a such a~ Ã,'~I~ f~, ~ r \x ('Or.< <.. .;E>~ ~ ~F .~ Y ~ ~ 3 is ;wcFFÃFr,..
z. product ~~~'='7Ã
~~i F,z a : ~:,,:.
't~.:
90.. l`i' syL i~.,- =1~t ~ tt, ?}~i'~~3 .~~: .;.`. `' ~~A{, :i t I u by tTt+
.. '?~~' ~ ~~5..1~ r:; ~ =`~`~~
r :.` :F.?i'~ s. ~.'...'i ,~t;,.
;?l? L )Fr:c ofabt,iF,,Ã 3`i .``.i?i:1.2?t3F1Ã 4(1 T?c1's::Ã'CJn`.s`, ffiJ~xcvcr ., 53~l-w: C?
t ftz#c . : t ~.
30 mcF.tC':rii)#3ti i.'m1 i-?S used, as well :1`3 `?thl31' aYe.l'ctÃ.Ã:F'#iSl4t i371e, tS;.TF'1~..`i Po.!w L~ze`+. ? Ã:s.`~ ~, Xtuii'3l.' "he ~f :~om kt:.uebure '14~.~ can include abo.it 80% to about 95' ~ by weillt idgh denity i ~
p:3 ~~ ~~~yl~..~C:.::~ii.~i :~~?13~.T. ~'ii3 to i~.d3`t.3'ut 20% by weight R"..fe. # ;r ka3 " WiS. 4:' , and 4B the b4.'-h 14.'"~. S`;'Ã thu pI'Gtc w.tE3a 140 bti:
foiÃÃoi:~:l :Io;.l tit i.. pa7'ts. As shown in FIG. 4A, a I.ii'4t pi33't 150 dCafi:#..~ tllfi.' . 1.r\: :}A S Ie +:.`;14:i 148 .xi a s.r4a pm:omi 151 of tt3e 4Liit: z3:isi:u}bly 141, As, ;:ho4, a~> y"t . lY:'s: ;,r t, a second ~parB e:32 d~,"~fi#`,L.ti `.',.G second op`~e,Jai;'i l'nd, 149 and a :~~' ~` ~-t;.C 1"zd 't3.. #1 153 t1: ~ iX
s ~?C?I'~a ~.fati L km;:
a:x`Q?t1.HL ci1:.'4p{Zmuent 3.42. The first aL3d' :+ecL}I~d parts 150. 152 f the fu'.3#.~duwi:r p#'t`tccE6?r 140 w~m lbt; lo;nied i.1l' one C2r .111oI'0 nni`.dicsll ; s~ ad4=
.ii~ .. __.,. . ft:s:Ã Ys,. Suf.}t as . . .. g li~?z~~i<'~:I'Ã.4 c..~:.'sf3Ti5~t;.; ~;>C`ayC.ca;:'i~i?I'#..c3:S. ., :~
"rl.~),~i~:~Ãk7S} _ ~33l1%~.3elx~~ .rL'E('I~.~~f~:t~`.dk'~i.~~ ~'+ .?a ~_...
~t~'a ~ . ,aL~'' or L.
L~r ~=`.} SuÃ1aiYle 3TÃ:.(;Ãi; 3; gril~~c plast1L can be used bLc;3u4t; ~~` F tx3 ~G.,.%' 4t C,. < 5~ `U'' of in..ef ` ' u, I>i;al = " .::#.'.~~ .,=td';~?, J;~
r ~ a1 ,_ zlabiR~ty and d-i4p"3wab~e'#3wituT`.c: :7.'fsC and :,ccE?nd pur¾s, ;
S:, pf(?Es.t..tot t.s1.: i'.+F. : tõ~1i.E.i'xESl,~x.. as ~"Ã''<' ~3t, ~ ~~.:ÃI~~.
{ (:.-3#i n~.;. i?#t~? ~' ~`~i .t31.:~z, >. 3~`
: S% k 'r.~3Ã`ÃziE::"='t,. such :E. ~'.~? ,., GX~Z=~l Y
illtm.Lt,C?;3 first and Set.Cs:`Ãd pa#`l4 150} 152 of ,3rotfrr'cEoÃ" >i.sr each rI#:k:mh'.
Q an awfI!WndsWowdi 151155. The Ji43i.walx:1 154, `,-55 C}f She i.4':)pe4tiv\.
.ars~wd second pe3rts, 3 40A AiL : 152 t~,Ã:i~:~ to IL'r~~Sy) the ~~i6~A1. t,( -x(`~t.:~~('(}-)3r=CJ2QJL~i} S1A1eFr? A.'2 `> '~44 ~2Ai }L`ri o:a Aev ~:~t.{,{
e,, ~)a[~.~1.:i2ir,~
{- .(~ ~~'}Sa ..l:. , .7\,An veÃiI structure 146 w:t`,i.i3. the ve31t aSso"?7bl4 ct}mpcÃillfwn,. n42 lbht3wiFtg assezz`bly, A.s `llus$rawd in 3'?'3_z..*. 5` K% t13i' IL'm1:idlÃ:L;Qr protector 140 Is assomblci, by first #.I-.~~ rtFÃ?g t1w mir,3t3 pc32`ou:s ruembaame 144 Ãi3.o ttT..'. second part 152 in a pL?sitÃfsii in, V..3ch fl'>i;
20 i-mcÃ'o^pt?rous nnmmbnma.' 1441= is disposed w-l:hi1`1 t1:. . s~t ~,~~.: tF
+rtS.~.: t. 153 C:~'_,~ tli4 , ' ~"
~4~,.~`t.t. _ er:t ~14scln:'3jt cty}'tzp<3rtd'l,i:;#.z J. 41 In this px1a:1fitJ.[T., as 5how-n ftx F.:G. >.Ai , tc Ã:::dÃt `:'o-p:tr:?Lts, n.na.,,'s`Yl`>rwac 144 i~ ~ic~atcd against a lGdgo 1:?~.? that is [~e-finfi:d by 1-IiL: sc.cCtz#:i~ pai-ft :.52. Tl_hw 44 t,iizi bc: dF"r37.#.;mst~.7nL'd :+:3Ct . that a PAt's""-fi:' is ProV1de-s,:I
bLiwmi) fliiõ In: cÃ'o .i3oI'i,?ils nli..i3:brcÃiw 14-4 wid the SÃtiE.`4'v':3t 155 of t.,,4' se4=a3n+: pili t 152 of . the iTamdi3Ge; pzC`tec;i?T 140. Next, as Flla3stTal:i;d in FzG, 5B=
the>+::F? ,s+;<ilii`Ã,. vi.Yn.`i 146 i':3 ~i> sà tlqjc'si=cut trle à 3ÃviC3 PL?L>:1 A`Ã~ nb: 1nc 144 ze': a F3.3s : \?n 3:1:
'E4'hiwh seÃ?:` _ wc]liiig e"oni stru't',=t~uri.' 146 Ã3 pan1afly disposed 6'a'1[h1n. .~1w SL ct,.iafi i,c,).l:t33F::
153 of fho -vea`;:,mi.mbly compw'u17e31I 1:42, ~:~i1e sClS.--SG.Ãli"1'~
l`ix3t:.t...ls.t;ÃI ?:? 4.#n i3 i{3 , _ , ,. , .
`, ell.z?:`=Ã"S:EL?3:G-a, 4uÃ.;f.:z7 t;.~i~~ a .~I r..:~~-~;i is ~~~"'~.Y~'lded between fE3(> v{;'37t s` icti:('... : 46 <.3.d t.rt:
si& ,.ti illA 155 of AL:= Swi`,Iad pc` tn 152 tif l+:, tmmsdvicti:r protector 140. } .w.lxz: t..., ~
es dIS,.Z,Ã:
in ~~IG. ;`'C, ~li% ,,#Ã'st b3 ?T`E 1~`_".t" can be wanccÃ.ed to skC'.i3ii'~
the ta ~z ~~'r#I-t 15x of f ?w ~3.~iL~;=;
`~~i p:c}t,ct:un 1Y~.~ such that fIae xespcctivL ~idt.wa1ls 154, ; 5-5 of'ffiw first an: s:.coF':d r,~r~s ,~
150, 152 of :h`w' transducer :?T'otecti?a 140 togC~th6.I s;~ie-ri:i?e thG, a e$?t i7.N~selt bi't Qcmap:2x`L`a?1e.:`#t ? 42 . T ~`L= i1isS and i:i:~~#?~ ~~<LTts 1~!~~ 1 `.?~ i?f '~.~i~, E~'c?I,sC~.E.te:=L~F` s`3E;~'L<:Ã.i,I 140 i..3 bi' ~3<3~?C'I:U~:: to 4 ~ 3 b ~.~cle~': i3L~1i `~.t~~=`, .:li? ~t`~`L -LY'6-"~.cf#iF+. i.td~.{ .FH x.iJZk:
~~b'l`~? Z':~{Fx `':. solvent ~.3oF:?ttzi * i?1C:ti,`.?a, i . tf..5.=:3fJZ'd comAieZfi?oa:?:: or o~x pieF >' s44x?tr= 2Zl~t ~.?aL}L.i'~
`~E}'~3., . . . . . . . .. dt t ~~i'fii.'~ l:a~? to a'I(3.^'i. ~#,~ and ~3B: pri:s~`i~1'tk t~i:#.Yi ~i:: read )'t.Et t.#.I'as:~. displayed "~# ?.:~;'>? o L;.lei:.troTiSL=s of fric dialysis mu.C'Ã1n4: 50. DyF?Lii3& ~.~F'G'4S;.Fre P*,3l5e ~'':atf aL.t;m t.'.?4': take i3M4q and mf3i be I:'msxF?.]?.~~d fln !?1,r t..h tubing 11 0, 140 tCr dnt~
p"'C;.:s.3,.e Lc3I.sdI:=b:aI' 130, ;;o#" a continuous ~'~,3rC'.tia~Fi '17he 11`gea1ared p?C=.is;:1..G
7i#:t:eF. is t.L),.3pc?.,rex;
to s,. õ"a.`?i:d7Fno pressure pc?ttem WhF(:}3 is det~.``n71IF'ieC% as cF.ftF?^i:t:o.F? +;& p:.F:I1p OpC.FiIiF.S3#1, 31, d?s.'..i; is a Zimu:t3.co bi;;'Lw4Lti-I the rnl'.<l. ~? %= ~,'rc '~v':~ttr'~~?
~'ir3Cz ` kF7C: '~I~c3.J~.:.~t~. ,~t `1;-..
~i#'.~~ F' :i~ i 4 x x: n.. "`rG..S..`t~
pi?ttefis' i?.F.r.?miFtii: sh{:'s`.'-offt ci.?I? occur 71.F'#.dso:C i.ilY..
'yFl%3$'I~.? cx.n bt:" , miÃidY.d. U, xi'i thta t ~t ~ E
. . . . ~s7 ,.,. ~~y ir t 1 E~ lr'.ar z,.~} cõ~.a. ; ~~~,i.
I~~?~ E'~? 2 ~< iÃ~l 2 .FT?L.71 93 <3F?~' 144 }"~.~A`~:.~II `~'s.. thereby iFll~.7iI~Ã:~ ~f l12 ~`~t `~Ã #.> ` ~ `F :. ` ~Y
~?t c~ sr- -~ a ~c 146 t1-s~. ~.=~.A~t~~F~.i~;t:{~i~. 1`~'~i ~x~yll ~f~:.f;~<.;~.: aF~\r~ i~.x-c ....
p:Fe ~.~1~3 ~\LF~{ , z1~C~?Fiia11~ gases, a:F'i~ii?'`, ~~:?.~i51F1g, As a result, 'ri~ tll Fi;~:F csx. i`: F I~3. ~~i3> the PY4.'t~11.rc .7azF'i:a%1E3ca .130 w2?:.I sS;<n4e :3 S. l?ang(: In the piess.?I:i, A`Sa`tian (C. ,;':, a E::Inbi.A~. ci a:s3Cs,sur4= pu.Se), ~vhieh the associated dialysis inac.(1Fd?f, clecil'OF1Fcs Will in:o? pÃ't.ai: as a 20 FIGS. `' t=-., 7B and X, the air relc?gL' (;1ana"'i'vF"._ 30 is st,:C?aaIFE?a:Fa`r' bC``km"' ftrl" fiffing vv#.d# a lFy.ild. =Fl1c 6aInbc-T 230 c"r.#.I-i bi?
F#ned 4C3;`#'+.;t7..3'3nrr wa,,,,, (c.gõ air Wib3i,5) E1omlbIoi36. L1:?ati?.e7Li 230 k1F?.s a boU+3z3-F . L.etln 234 and a sT reoon 2:360 wt3lFt= ~~-w bti1l.tZ3F7? and top %"rQ rvhlfivc to ti1e chamber's or3m~aEi?,FI S. uraF.~ i..>::e, :=ti`.
`." 240 and an :.'i>i t,7'~ 242 :n.I't: ÃI.3 the ~3~?~..tE?11? region 234 of tlte ~:~:~..F``.L~F 2,30 : ~.. s.i~;1.1~'<
~ _~ ~~[ , to F3oAs ~*~4, 242 w?'t`,. I i}t.411.. d in F? boFli1??-? surfa1::i' t?`
t?=:c Q :3`t:ET;:?.Jci~' .. . ~:
`TY \" aF4:i.rF?C~~'31 \ in a~ ~ f{IM'1' .
~?^t t.'.-~~f~n FSõ'LrJ~. :, at .~f::ik:~. C3I3 4 Cif ~:~.' ports 240,242 ?;?
imii:4'{d-i?. i? s;ew tiwfft?n.e of t.k?.C. L"hi??.nbe? 230. 3~.~ some a \?.r-na 248 i~s, i ~~.tt~ V~:n~ i$xM' .~~S~r4:~ 240, 24~:. ~'}?t~ d;~iTa ~,~-. ~.:~t~::~~~, {~i least ~?;:a: t .A'' i~y at\zaL ;;idc wiala to 30 cs? a?~ 'SaiL -dde I?.3 5C?331ti Ll1cda.i;3 2618" %i.~37~=,.1..:s; C:a.,;.
sis:.iC. ~v.i ,. ;?y th.it. zFll flFa:?Ci i:'m-aa:ilg ant?,r' pf1F.': 240 Ryiw`4a oi'a the Wp of the dauF 248 b;;',',l?.+. :nz3w]ng out i 7 t }1L L,"k#l Ã'?,_ g` 242, lÃ:i si)iI7w 1#'Fi'?I ebilon i0.tl.tI lA"i a L:I
3t i,.ite?` '254 is parsi`.io:3i.:=Ã~ < C3Ji.Ãi'4`;?i ÃoT rl`_=L
~
#t i?i?~~t ` 242, ~'E Y E3ie`_ 3~<S~ e `~_' ,;t ~ Z ~ ~~< ';i :l~.#'C?L~l'gl?
the +w ~E T: ~t~:iY.`!' .~ ~~ xi"~ ' `~:. ia.t7~.z'$7? : ` <+ ix#4 a ~?.?;' .
L=:K ~= ~~.i14 ~
A
^Ml :32 5o,S1k: 3?'#1}?li:31o..33tili.i'L331vy t`~ii: e:,i<,3t filter 245 has a porosity of 0 iÃzak<S"onS tl:3 :=>C#L:xut 500 i.xc:I'.i:ns.
,t I ?w ~?:?;~ ~4f~ 242 L? t ~eL?lL:=S `r33 the C:li zlll?b Z.. 213 0 v,`;.1-1 Q. L.'u.i.4 :?, zn f C;t?nJI#;f-1:?ls.atÃ.E1I1WÃt:i1 tubular shaped extensions. 'IS;1G
G.`??tZaÃ'..s,??n.~.` ilÃ"s., c.l:;`o-E,'~ f.? .3s`.' i:t1..Ãlec-l<'.::
ti.. .tiibes. such nLs :?i' pÃ'e_ryswrL, fitting (it bonding. 'I.'t1G call ~?v zittqt"al>.y f'onmed mth the L.'hc:Ã#3bz.F .2 1#) or yt#.b;.f'Cl:.tL#10Y aYtaLhC=d.tF.~ the t<lawJ,47t.r2.0 s.3cls ''s .3y :,i?,k:n.n;~:
V=
or w4 }{L~ ill } g.
101 At Onez>x3rL:k;1oÃ1 236 of tbL~'~..`haII?.beI` 230 Fs a 4..lf-sc.il:i1g vC.i1t a','`>sLs:'Fbl`t A r`0.
'.FhC', s4;if Si:a.:Ã#?g'vfi:i?t 370 Ã#ii;il`.i3t,:x ~:i m3+:=iE? porous me#.,-A'#i.io-re -')6.,' ..,;a a :Z%oili :?%1 a#a:.::#.i7'L. 264, lÃSc as: C;Ã'?l??ly w.itl;. ;he i'G1ii seI't3:i.t1F1'~.` '264 and i"EiIC=E'o-pL)F`t?u:+
~"160 3l.?iiv p3.L?L':di..' nXIn..t.ed condensation or 3nin'itl"I#tt^GC?#:fi n: s?Ã.#L;#_i C?i3 the .;anva ?~~~3F'~? #
Ãx' I:l'~Ã";e,i4,J 260, i}2C: #T3#.5.;ri3v porfy~~~..ls dTl(:mbic3kli: ~~360 allows gi:1`~ (e G, f'C?r#a air bilbbac~'s in, dbw biof:.Ed'F i.L) vo.":t fIC?rn tÃ:Ã~..` C:=l?aT21bcI 230. P,l.ni'<,, in ti3; ?'?:?cÃ~'o a3C?ri?wz #.. <.'rn.?.,1ni` .),(,iI ,.1:"f,', small c 230 S:=#iL~ta;M~:3 i.~.s kF.~.~ 2{?ivÃ~11 ~.?#~Ã:i1t jG`.h vÃ11CJ
().;",;i3,i1`z]~s .~`r's3#Ã"t i.::~1tÃ:$'Ãi~r; lia:= 2.:.~~c~I~zb%.Ã" iYn'z~i-t r: the oLat\iiS:= dI~':
In si..`#:'# #I'#as~~~3 1t i,`tz~~dL?a]`t.';he iant=~k"i1b$a.ilL. 26,0 :F?C~iFiaf k a hyt; LFphk:b.
suc}i poiy.dis33..i.EiS,i?L.1hylQ,'Ãe t~~~~'~ 3t~ dc_ .. ~ c.. =
t;X4,3.EÃ1d~;<'~ pL?l. ~'fe.7'e..t:Ii#:t?i ~~:i'i?
3G..3t.' 20 If? 1t?. .?'li.? C?:#``boLiÃ#W2Ci.t:a< the TI1e23'#bÃ"slili:. 260 is a f1bF'f?Fls, L..k?F:~:~r witle a woven S.?a.1 ;i~t? .~n %.~'~i#L.,l +,ts 3.}.E'~~. .?#- )~~o:
"l.a:im^poyvt..?u.Snõe-PtL:='#`Yia} is applnc(#.o- .; 3 r~:3.ni}phichi,`.
:?1C?'Ã1 A'3{?Ã"'L?L#ti Ãi.3. I21i): <#.t#.. 260 keps i2t:zllRd fli.'ayi3 lf;.i,`i3n1, ouu: :.f t.~'i3C; ::h... 3 ,~h>.:: ll'ii:
cham:be.i 230 is fial'..:(i F3'ibi.3.liql.#ÃLE.ani3 allow a#.[~e, pci-ss Chrou.i. A4u?var)iemLInb~'7.l?i.Ea'~1:~i an c3. ~{-"=< a~ ~'v UÃ3:,L > pore sÃ`[.~, a. size \ ~~- `= s~.~+(g~.l~. 0,05 < Ã'~~:Ã~:=#,C>A#ti to i3s)?~Ã ~:~
+f.~, 4 5 < < Ã',, ~e. s~~ 4 25 about 0. 2'. microns, about ().2 ?ndi;Ã"i9ns}. SEaiti-l:?lf:.
#autibai3'#1c> are `<'1` i .le#,Ã.`:.=.. from Pall Cf3Tp,cmh.lo#17 E,:#sÃ. 1-111.1sq New Y'i71 k Il`ldi.r t-ikS:Ve~ õqpZ}t`~', lni$,F.ZC and 110I11 (7~31M
.nc Delaware.
~I'he vizeli 4t:x'EzL.3.ult.:?_64 is a solid pt]? f3i.35 bli7:r:,, ha1"Ir.,3.: i'!:#? F.f.\t.,F 3ge pt?;o 's:b+?`x3l 1 tf3 about 415.InF#';:i'c?Ef'.''>i that F9:lknZ=s air i:,t p,.314 :}3#'i?L`sr?h .A rd `s`it m; fi'?3m :o;.Ãc 'Y) i:~3,i i~~~t:i, : }1ti= . ent ~tmaLÃ1';,. 2()4 3~'0 als,C3 ;'s sL'.li-5t?tklin"t~,', vent LatEua.;=tl?m lua sE?m.'e a..<3: i?.1... .~>c Ven Su<.:¾d:uCL. '264 is fE;?mii.d o.i.~ :' ~1m3d t? ti .?4 lyc.f f'l #... 4 c~... ;h i~~.
dons:tyPc3 ,:,thylsn: and (0111(-"). a blu-ind of Pltlykt v,'::'L.nt' ai:d ini`.=ffifr i 4:`tht=i=-k:e~iiÃtlf?;1e, or f5fpE?i 1prC?:2 vie a-.ii;.- or poiyt.'Ãhi;;C...+. bi3.`z~eLi A~ti]'l~~::~ IF,`~c1~.S,,:::iti3, Such 71%'c'#.ti,'.=1'i<~ls are t~i''i.~:l.'t~-b~el.= frF.>aT. IPi?r~:~x Ci`qpC}r<fitioatr _Ã':`.,.i bum, G(.-,i?r;}.A:[, pt.3ly th,t',....~ <iF... by ct~ ;?z2?~iÃ~ii ~.i1~ ~ t it~4St3~G= F?"#.iz3, f3:Ã"Ã, cÃ'~'eÃ'age pore size C3i abo3,.it: 30.3i1.>`i:=C:?m>? ECo, c}bZ):~t ~'wiy as ? (~t~i..:' ~.ey _ of the à : ~:e. 1. 3~. i `1:4 40 .i3.C:#`a?`.?s, ~(,,wa-'vLr. C3d-wà Pt'.rc.",-t3iÃ~.a:~t.=: ';,tt:Ã`Ã:~~.s b~: 4::..
i:3ate#.>iits ....id i`>tl?C,'.Ã PZyw sizs:=s. For example, thc vent stTui vUIL 264 L,:.'fi i~~v?iIiae41bi5ut SOSi} toabo(Jt 95% by >4'!111 I2oA }it.Ã}yjby ~I~Yl~~~~.t ii'.<t~'ii~r and about 5iii \~i~C\ \~'\ft.~`+'fyf by '~. g~i'?.`.
Wi:o:iT':`.;~c vr.:;:.#t`tÃ"u4t.:a.rc 264 ci3mw`i into C;i?I?ta`.t with .i(<E.>iti e =`, ht,.~Jfii{t2' or lmoz:si`..iwL', aii.S;: Jwt iiint$ ,.i='`t~~i Mrili.lose +`,'=.g>. of fib.Ã; vent shTw:.Elto i::xpc3T1d`. thereby closing off the ?7w7f's in ti'EL`
poSyrilÃ:s c::`e lp:?;iLn1 EÃa,g, ;:2iiF~"~. i%`~''.SiS~ ~' ;?i; ~ t ~~w v'~C Ã~4 ~ of ~-1i ~'~'.d7t 3E.'#...t.~~:ili.~=e 264. The 'i'~:?$t St:i#.L.t1:. e ;.~E? . is :`3~,I#.~a:ei~
iiq1F3Gmt to and .iist above thU :32:;i11bÃ4#ne 260 ;+o th '~.Ãt tale 260 Ãw t;? to{.a;.ed bO.~,vwa_ the vent 4trucr3..t.te 264 and tho a.hiimbt,Ã 230. 1.1-1.[=re.it. st#"E.~~uzr.: 264 inh1bÃtt's on <ÃIli 2i`7#;, il: st,)"3.1e i.m:?C}dla.?ea~Q,2, 3`t:i6:: S"etii Strt3<;tu:te.264 dIxect%y wntsdm .~Iti stas:I't~~ t3I:..260.
'11`si. ,'ro"=>õ ~s. z, tl'l;U.a, ..:~~- can <#`< ~ ~?Ã , be sLI~ . ~;
ta.i3fiai ..;?r,, , `l; disc ~i4L 5:1~Ã~3C`=t~ or can be r t~3~.i:i~:z"' s,~i', ., ti,3a#. is ;::o::apaÃit?le with z: chax:3bcr om vwhich the vent strud-ui e 264 is raC3unÃe:1.
,f.a the i ez7.t ssl #,:caml 2 64 is c.i.i?CiÃit 0.1 It~i.t3 iC? ctbo ut 10 m.Ãaa hi c k-.
Whe:1: the chamber 2 3 () is t~~led wi il, blood, :zi }~ilbitirÃg (c.& .
prcvwiY ._<) :ht:
:,3iCZwin in i.h: i3)i;fisf: ffi3il:: ilw.ifT:ulat31aq on t.h4-.aFL:nabrilnw 260 i.mt mv.inw#a :h`4'=
; t:x't7Pct?C?b,4o7lt~"ctCts.3 i~+l:f:`= i?. t.~ i4. llrõ~,'Il:~?I _iÃ1;:.
2c`.)`Z. ~~ t'~+-a L#1E.'= blood ~'~ii.z3 s~.'+~- ..`i'~:.`i'?t, .:3~?F~, m4mb.Ã'rwI?4 260 by providing a bamL:=F; betw-GeÃ1 the blotSCi clli: tily 2R), stic},, aF.
.:.?' a l t;u=it3 barrier 26C as ds.sc:"3t.eCi -fL11-t}icT bdt?w; Ile height of trif' ch:-nbL, 230 is 3:1~,.7~=iti'Ã ` to ?i~~..ii3liziÃIs this Ã.?c3.~`1'#.~.;:' 2L~~ and inhibits `~ : ~ > ~ Ã'~ v' ~3%Ã~s #E~~.
b.:zrõer 268 fffi)3:9 ,~i.tb:SrxEs,i:Ãll*' il'Ã:xing wÃfln lÃq311d bd;`.low the ,OiÃ1"Ã`Ãcx 2%
r3iC:. shape of IdÃ`~'.~ i:h:.li:nbt:T' 1`..`r appIomI?x ''~`.
ly i:lorl4t2w. `"+k1 sonle si14,i as ffis3sc' wt:i3wI? in FtG 7 and 7D, t'ht botzf?123 :g.,+Jia 234 t>~~
tftf,. d..cl,iTA)..I' 2'0, ,',si'' is 3 w.dt=1` :,?_. .he top rE;ixtf??3 234i, siÃ.?'1 ti3?<??i t.iL Oh:t11Z:?eT
2>023V bi:` i or a fi.ai', at ???:. :`5ottC.?-m. I.7 soiti= ti%ir`h as tfio`ae 1r3t??4'F-2 1., 71-', i.hR:
top a:acl ~`.,LkEtit:m dir.YIeI)sPi3:iis of the chaI11biu 230" are ::pp?'CsS;.i-nt'L.,:;y cL:uell .:o, .hwt tiie t:hmlit+::;" 2330" hai ,) Ã`ct:'i"c3.iigL.EEa#' or cylindrical Sh'sape. rPhe bL`ttol:i3 #.'+..g]L,+n 13 t :<12? a.tif` bL
~i ^ <t2 >
fÃ)a~ ~ G S]. 2.~i ~ ~f;~ { ~ ~ia ~' S ,tv= >
~:i3.Ã..t2~~'s I ~k3asFs >a~i i~ f ~ . ~~ ~~li ~}}l~~ `#~#, t33f ~ ~}.... i,t ~. #:: ~ a =4 L>~ ;i1 i:b.2.#1;t:'Ze.I= .hf' bottom surface has a s,.#ffit:3e'dyla!'gÃ1 dI1nLf.tiõi3il to the pf1F:s, r 24t 242 as well as any tubes coupled ti3i}ie ports li.?Y" t=iI~;i:ti-nyf, ffllLiid iITtt_i a`.:4e tmi t3fthe i.:.h`<3?.lTbE'.=#'. For ti","eb'LnpAC. if i,hc fi.6:I7w h`..:Li i3.fi outer 3."~d`e$;ET1C,te z~l.'625 tI] Ta., the 3CZt"dÃ3k :f y:.~i~:~L.i' #.;~ .3. :t.:a;;~ ~ ~ ~s 3i1~i~ 3~r~Ãfs*:.'. ~~ ~I1i.;
Ã:;:~`t:1#T1~3'.i ~ ~`t,` ;~ h_1;L=t~ ~.L~ ~iIG1i1~~:F~ i~;.~= i{<~'~I:tt.
`.s<#I':'1<`~' 26 : za soÃ:1FK fmp,,``ema#aii:#t.dwiti, thL t:%aa~`i2lE3f`.'I' 230 is at, least <#.:7i3?f,t -tw.'? .nt;,":C.s Ã,3 t : g. about flh!.`t.S W about four '#.#lilles).
f; Tl.,e ci#urlÃ?i_~~ ~s fo: !1"#.i:d of f2 tnate,'rfil suitable i_i3F
medIi..:fl de'4 aeLs. t`.t L is, a mt`.dAei?i gitad4 i`.awr#.ill. Pzi.:sta...=4. 8f,ith as p{at'13~Z'p~%ii,ltfiif~aL`.=t `~3Ey].=.1.`"', .. w . . . . vc' f v.z z..
pfylb'p. fp4 Eelee? ,`{3s.rk'~~`et.i lt'i3e or oihC''? :iu#tc.3blcI:EaivW ;tÃ
c:sdE: p'x.st:c eaZ$ be 1..scÃz :#ef:c71:c"w of tht.`:;' t.1:^s, ready avi~~~abFll.i y.3.d d14p(5sablo n:ai.f1.#L:,. A 3.c f;hai.i.ber is m# sfEe># as by i:liilLiit#~F fi5: <xtiI?pl4, Wfafiif ,, E>lC Si' i:'3oli i:1g +_ a~2;4 .la?i'i 7.old#.i rs .Ff>.i: ct:,.3;a'lit2r.',r ciia bt,', At:"mk:<d o-f a t~f :nspca1'Z'a`lt or iV.l4:.E:f' i?3sl.cii:~'~.., st} :~haf ttie f CF`k3.ng ~~~rovp:: ;`õ chamber can he observed.
~li3.; ct?:3,.=tt.,~.;s#t>El oA=th.e -,ve;3t 'c14sf'a,nbly 27(t is dc sc,'#b4,t3 4'"lil te`pot i :o the "ftl~~ ow_:. 4?g figu.:t.s. ~':'~L3.fi,t'i'%t3:y,< tY tf s FIGS. 8 and Q a 7'#.ng~ 3.,2 hi?ld;: ti3c; F~ *~.f' t~~~=ii3.?ti . . . ~~~.~' ar .
S y I~'.+L.fTx~~~'c`'.fii5 2"'s4i within .cs aSu"#.i:$ L~ii32a.1'L'.{tt:.=#'. The i~I":~õ can be -~.i}'~aT#.i: of ~~.c~Sl~_s_,, ? i3t;i~> as of the plc1..t.cs +i+_''.,"Qfibf.=d hi'.:Lin. Ilf: mi6..'i'f5=-p[):"(1t1s 1Ãwn:b`ii.l~~i.iv 260 i:i?.#n, bà ...SLa? a~ii]:L EC~Gi?
tntii thf'= .Ita ;y 301 Jhat is #"he 7daia;:=#o pf?rC?.#f: ndi:iT#.b1"<m: 260 ocl#: ba:, p.z3f-eu. ,..?i.} a mold F't;ld 1lAlt3 Ita Phl-cC',, 'a.a{: Phu.,.t.t=;}i}e' the ring 302, wh#.tõb. ct#:r#.
Ijf' pt}Eytrt .y?ono, `~`~3t.?lyti[i'Ti.ire or t1.niSfl3L:T' o:..?C',1' suitable naatf'.`n _#cil, is tb%.#i %iijt'.cteti ,,#1tÃ3 a ni(?ld to ft'f:"#:i~ the I'I.s,`,' ..`S ..;.'. , '?¾; xi'f]g 302 liau an=nnei dianawie-v . ami-_ wi ouLLrLSi<a2n'1:1 }ry. ?\e1e-rr:n'.,7 CL) 3: FGt~..!~. 9 ,-..aÃ.. ~-A {:F.i:=' ?6- veiit sÃwt.,ure, 26'4 aias a, dtanii.ie: or=z, to FIC3& 10 and I OA. 8t1 ii3z,ert 312 is c{3.ifi A t,93~::d .c) }lo;a3 the.i:ng 3t32 . 4. . . . . .
ii;:7d O,c vent s ti..turC: 264, ~11h+,: insert : 33 12 d ti.f`:~ a i #:'ht porddSF 3 14 and a si; f`n:a pob f_f.Ãi 316. a`=ie th-st portion 314 has a F;#.L.~tu outer Li?1i~3 g.eatet` xr'{?o`
f..zt'#n.f;:or .}. ;>
~ 4i:i.~.~.=..i?i.t] = ~ xts 4(.... >r=; ~\,t I.~S 2 E.FC.3:t: ~ 3A,~-1. EG:i7 t t~.~if. .f`L=LC-'~r Yt2 r = i 7if.=I 't~FC~a'C-f.'~' of the St nf:? w:.3.~f}L t.i3` _[ .~b~i~=
0 3.hi, 1nmi:i' d#~.~12-xcto'? i1f tk,i_: .firS, poiÃ:Ion 314 is y and %i3f'<
o:.#?ir diLaincie. of ~:f- mJ:>:il"i, portion 316 ] F, x. I'l.c: transition betwe::#,, the 1irsa pf:)rl`to,1 314 i1Ii=:.~ ~he sc=i:i.`rtie A foft]tin ,` 16 A
foin?s i: ~t.f.gi:'. 1..15.' insert 3 i21 can be fix#;A4"d o~~the sa-aw pl<1Aw or a Ã;.?c'<.ts;..i"ial ~.;C"sit3 fl1e P x3qii #;zFlg.
R. f,.r:n~ t~? FI~ ~S . I I ~~i~~ 11 f z, a retainer :>(?~ is ~:t~Ã,fi{~ii~~:d }~: ~a.~i~~ f.3c ring 302, `"r, r, and ~~ .-m .i i =~{ 3 ~i!2 ~i a ,~'#~.: 1~:1it s.>11.vÃi~.:~ :J ~74 ~.f,C> ,~ t, ?I3;i~:3"t ~'~?1 ~. Iz1 s?111t? i:#ii~3C?~3F.i:i7.e ##4 ,.;u iv.:,ii:..., - <?~ U.
L:,o811ti.rat t=f,3f%'-.i' +I.:~:Ii'ta 'at ti1#;: 41l-ii.t:r dis1met'vi L`i<) 2;-, not chc1F?ge ftoi'I? mie csd f}r d-;i.'.
raa.ncF' 3 I'.5' to .he t?ii.'.m, . li': `-+jn1c e.i"}::i.?i?di#:i`~..'dIt"s th.` .'ite.ilnor ? 18 ,:1.a>s d..Yci. ai3iF.i.3:.de e"33:'l~.'r diameters. N53ar the i.op (4[s A}i1w:3 3n: the Fig13#'ti ) <if ffic ri :aiF,s.
3 i i~ the 3,fflI.'.i diwmi...el. ~l"."
d7t. gi'{~..`au..~.+e iin'd 1Ã sa?ii3c i.=::l1b{?diment4, $b='v` ii713oi ta1~3I2,:t ~i i1 s..q,.:al it` +.ri''.# ~sa,g-Jviv ~~.;1'~a-lC'=.i= tla:o3:.1. -fl c outer dia=i?1Gtc-r of tiif, first portion ~
14 of yh~: 1i1~{;i` 312, No.:.i ;:'~.i~., ~?~3:L ),:i`.
oA~ ti;c rC;tai.`?ei' 318, flie .Yc.r~xeilt:.r 3 18 can a1ive an iF':E':t'"r diameter that is li;ss tl1ai'; , ,,3i i`.'.~s's-o ~.ii<3~,~I+,.....~' x= cqa`ri of ~ `~z~. r a =ri~- Z~F3_ `tIie ~O=~.tE.iC:
'~ 1P='~z ~~i'.'t 43'Esvll .~~i' `~ ;~C? ~. . r, ~:~"lz3.i3 ~ ?~.i:, t.~)3IE. `:zl?s.i ..,3~: top of rh4' aC'.'ta3i'1e:e 3 . 8, t:1% k.ii?=_ls,',.i be i3b1:31it equal to .2i Fh.nz.
I'.~, about e"'M~1.;a., to or ..l:0mt`y ati'S' t..?.iÃ'i ..v34 k?ut~.':F` fiia3il.t.ie" of VIif second ~,.1~C71'3i3u?
1i) +`!'=3.~'.3s`~..'i't, 312, Rt,...re?m'nLi, zo FIG. 12, <3ii asscT"1bl?.' 300 can : zC3?i.',".f:i;
~~'.'E~f;~1 `x3C: i':~,.f30b, . i..`,.:~
.. . . ,, :',,¾.iud?:.;ri 264, insert 3 12 ,.iE3d rC'.tt`il. ~iier 3 1. S, `llIt -r`4.'=tain'~='r ` 18 #ioIfi:i the vent A.i u::E i t: 264 ,x'3 tlwt ffic i?i?i".:it?rl of ta:e i'eta:., 7e1 w"th an f1w inner diameter itla1 .C,ss 0aw v.:;~~~:
s_i3ta,.t t 17c d.ixii_ileq af. iÃ1i 11b iÃt~ ( c, e, . '1iS~, '~1- ~. v ~'=ii t s F
¾ ,., ~7i $:'v t,.. x ~ :r k34t i:ff L ~0 6 t: 12i1: crip~ I ;w. f.
7ti ..~0 <?- a's I:h iil'iI 2G li'-i 3`1i 'i` d 8<:tm o t i .i` x,.?f tl `.4 I
~~i e.l.i..3t:F' ? 18 in~ Ci t#dj +:ic :.`~n t t o t:~C=~ 'v e3 `i.t StTaic, t:, Ll'c 2, 64. In 4.`i?..i' i;s.1b od zniei-:ts, :}ie R"iii4~ 3 0 2 b:tS s Lufft1ci::i:t 1 L.Tg;'it fl:at the v cvll sM:cttaA:.. 2 6 4 24:E~~ be s~.~,~~.'~;.''..~i 23. ~z>>_i3 the 1i~::1e3 di:3i`'$;t('<S' of the ~iTlg ~~0<'. flie first pi2it.i+.?#;i 3, 14 of E.he + l2 fi~s betsve;=:#i t:3e outer (itzit3?eiet' of the _ Jnw 302 ai:at dw 3i"int.'t di.iÃ;aottzi' : `,:iIL reIa?I'.ci' il c. r..bt = s.}tali,t.? 31~ can be bi3i~.'~.lcd to th.t. EY3sLn 312, >ud;
cis, by w S.liiii:?~.:, ..+~"a~:l~
-bs.3ndFi':z} f';:otheI' sut i0.bl:== meth;3d. {I hc Sct:63I1o-~.`~"s.,;.z+3' 316 ?{ fl"le ?i sc,4 3 ::' f<,i'm`t. ~. ' a >, =, ~ i .t<Ã`i,s:
~ a ~~~:i~;~ .~xw. is 4ii.~.t:. ;~? ~it tnt~? a ~. ~1a~37~.7~z', as f~~:,~.:ib<~,. t~ ~.Ã:2~'l?1%E ~?;3i, Re:mIl.g tt? a ;.G 13, the c~~~t3ElIbC'i' `r.'a.f3 bo fit}11-nUd ftw1"# N'zi p,..:R. _ i 'Pw.3 r t? ft cap 3..22 owa form a. botttnn of iIic chii:mber. A gwc$Yily 41iaZ"n1;er 324 cGinEbrn~ :lit. tur, of fiF;:~..e to F.IGx 1.4, wliw.n ffic, n, p ;?'r ati~~ ~~~at i.iy chaxi:~bei 32. a. c brou~.liÃ
chaA:~ba, Rdw:rain, ::sgcE}li:}', tbey fi?.=iT? a O-ivTnibe,' bYsdy 326. ~~~tw top of t1hL
d1.l:i:`xbC:t bot$ ;' s. Ã`
dh: . tlxo S"mmifi: of tii.c <:E..'JC.''Pmbl:% 300 can be fit iXito fl'ic dAwn-ib[ F b)C:y 326. ..s siiwY>t i#3 ;?i; i IG`ws: x~ x..1it : .:~ ' ~'~ia cz#:sm'ei :?f)dy 5'26 and a'1e :,issC;mblL' 30C, 4 :u? 13,e sc.il;.;l I[3 }Q;i3or, ;?#.i>..:> as ?i4 4vdd3 agõ aza:act'.ng, 5cfl'i'L;:'~t-b}ndlim,, or other S1J.it:..r.c m:,"dhois.
h"# o~Ã3e1' .~#~ ~i=T ~~.1"~<~~~t~t# , , C?3fi.emnà Ã'~~Sw of ifisi~anbiy can be fi3m~ci3. RL:w:rri.ng 0~ ~ IG.``. 17, 17A4. and ~ F"~:..s: fb1 "`.'..xi:1.mpie, a ,'uppt3Ià 328 can hi:ir"C' an. in '.Olien lffiw 111.i,:ao-port3us i:wan:U 260 is bw:Id. ~ li":i ;.~~lea dfiarlmm'r o., t'he ..uppor. 3 Y~:
'L`+a-n bex: f i">csi.;ppY3rà 328 can hi3.v~ti= ~i i~i,3"i7g1:that Gli.te'>3d:9o}.av4avdEt ft13i{i: OieouM-~5 i3iai31ul:o#` at i.: to? t?t"tt`.tit1 ti[3.~~3t?If. :~2i*, As s~1t5~i'Y.i in 1~'"~':s. I S. f~i1L vent st.~1+~:t'<.r. ~.Lt~~ can ?~' ,.
28 m3fi i?ft $llcl mici"E:s Po#'ol.i's membrane 260. '171"w n#~:7::=#:`.`.
,3<1r;kus ppi.aà 3 within tà t 5ti n1: ...bIa;34 264 can be aYt~e #CY`.~3b3et~~E~ i"ltt? Ã'h`.'~3up~,7V::t ;S2^~'`,. Tn.< . ~.t..-,mt 4Ã.; ut;."i`a}v 264 he p2E s3-xit into ft"3.f 8-uppo,.Y'à 328. Roferf'`t.~~~ to 1-3.GS .E95 20 and 21 <<w s.ap;Y+:d:`~ -328 ih w`..;i'-'=d ;
the so õ2~;C >i"+ s.~;~;3.`i~ 328 k1.J#_I..Ãt? `.~ z'~'1~.ia3bL#" body 326 :\',ti:
the flange Ã.x~.c:~::ch..3g ''S`~. ",t s:~i..:
3:`3oa t 32''3 fa'o#.3"1 in:17 r lii3lyti'.ziz" of hw cl1}inb', b i dy 3 6 to ltilit.btt (c .F
p,ek'i',2Ã) the heiYeh` ;~i'~.z*;~~.+~i f:3Ã <<~li~~~Ilt; into the t;.s~.~.1~#~1~)E3" body 326, r A.iE-.}E3ug:h, ti3G='t S..a#t assemblies described ho#'i.'i_n. ,2ae sFif,w#.l w4 the ::>Si Fni lY can ?ii 1" C3doz` khca pf 5}.i twElls 51#Gi3 ef CZ:C-umgu^ilr, yit ,`Vgon , ~x.x;;lT i~.i#;' CrS' ~Jizi.+P' `'si#i._Ne C..?4.<a se+ Ã,.f3.-vai 5btt~.F~.t'.Sw Also, Ã,.7i`: vent :issevniG3ly Qm ,..u've a threaded portion wL3 ,~1 th.`1l. tl1e ilssL-nfb y can. bc} :{)"r examiplt; 4c#"wwJd into the air 1"e,iE441.: t Aftc731fitisel?t, the vent aswL'=la~bly :`i?a be woldi:(;,. adhered ~F':ti3 epoxy t3# i,?t?;~..rvt:?Ã,'>
i.a4tf'.nC:d .oÃhC'~~yp of the tihamber.
NSTxt3{"qK._;;y2 KE;i.1 20 to FIGS. I bitlei 22, thi: air release :;hm.be`r 230 i4 ..n l#i1e in ÃI3E1.
L':Yt.a4:Ã3q~3oaCiaz e'l :.#Ii ciI'Qi:3ià t}i a Sy4tL:m,for ffiiid.
."Z7.lÃ$`atzoIl ifir#d air ii.i?#o4i.#l . A `;:-\t l3qL7i.t that is ct?.,~ipatÃble s;"if}, ibo liquid to be filtered (ti`ic sc4"t3nd liquid) is anva3d:.tQuii #FAÃi3 Chc, sysÃt~m' i(F Pmanne `:"'i-ic sys'ÃLux (step 404). 1_F'1 hei11odial'4`4;s, the first is a blood Con, P,:lliblc s-j: Ct ~:r,, such ~~ \s saline. `I'lA~. ~ sa1~~~~~: t ~~~ }r the a ~~C}, i:~<~x f <Y < 2 z /
~.}~~ i~c,,.y~ ~.x~'~~~~s~,~.~~.iÃ:.M; .~~~
w':3L ia. :`+.';-F'Y `cl pI'<:ssuÃ~~ sem-s(..+I" i3ss{.'.~inba j` ]20 Sca fl2%~ the p.i'L=s#"2#'e of U:e i:qE!Ãd. ;.IowsÃzÃ
f:i1e 6IL;uft I l}k3 tb.il tile ,.l`s wrii:I skLic can bemi?nil`a?rW, as described abo.y'L.. 1 ..:ks s:.:l1nf, ih4ni Il3w4 a13S wgi: a pol ;1on of ti C}:er~.~nnL~ thwi i3bi:it4 th`L'piar3ij;?
160. E~i~<:puunp .~~~~ fo.3.F;.1 the sa #Il# 3hmt~ ~ h, the L,.c'ciki: 100. Thf:. \affi1e tl`#e#~ flE4\F's' ti; the 'til aal4'z1:=T `f.z, ,1e?:.t; the oi fi3i~ fir Yt l. q 3d, flows à 3L'Ã3t1gh. the env1 ~.?<?l 242 of Oc c;>wnba 230 .nd iR:* x!
~;?:a i:hait'ib#;I' (step 412). IC3 fill '?hti~ ch-wi"1be.' Li5napeL'tely:
vmi3':.IS line 190 4i:n ihe .;l%i8?Vowd ~t3 ?:'t'Ã-..dto .'~ `^}t1\"t'.~vM" Pr+::."-,su,.e t3F'lt"e fl-w saline is introduced into EiFc c-mimbo..a 23~(,. is 1133`Ci=.d 43-Lit i1i+:' top o;~~th+,. i;t;".4~nb,Le 230 i3"1d thrf>L#~.~,~,gh fl-w mit;"rt) porÃ;us mC>I;i2bÃu,:7e 260 and v431`Ã -si nucÃ..i.ra:= 264 as 5;is.i:i_i,: -filÃ:~ ~-hL; cbximbe.i 230.
~~'b~.` -,w.in~F' contacts i.1l ' `,F+: cnbI<3:r3G :?0 and the 4.,Lw,tS<b4r 230 is substantially iitve oC air oncY1.~ti)e chamber 230 >.Ni4roiS:p.ie[Lly x;.lll.d. I ln.L'+.o5'i`_'>''hL'- h'aihmi di?i.~4I1C)t LxiaIhi"t3u~;~Zh Ãa'1<:Ia1C.i,abran. 260, because .:,i.e aic:m:?rasw 2,60 is :i v'dn $~ I1~3, :~,~'Ã~`: the r `l is :.tt , : p-'dl' s~
. ~.~3: '4'~:i'S3L1,M~:: ~.'~`~~: :I'.: t1h:3e eYSt4 ih*'o.#u h i..df. exi,`. pC;.rà f3f :hi' c}ic:i'I)ber 2Li'id o#.7'i the voii<1u`r line 190.
Thi. 5e"i:.L>i1s, :,r6 5 as a . b43~.~#:~4~ ~ `2:`I7~~:..~ ~3+4i.'.{i~, t'~ is ~. i,'...~: :I~:
` ~~~~ti L`aZ..:~
ia liquid, t.~:..3 ~~.%1li:~ fi~l F;::~~..
l.r.Ão thc bysfC;ia:i (`,s'i.Lp '`f1i?i The I?Id.)C1d tQ:;ilx?ws Ãh~..' wm+W
nnoL as the 5..Nn;:-.. .kz`, kJ;`' Ãi~.'~
most pa#.~ p-LÃsh._s fi-iÃ.: saiinv t1iro '.w~l the circuit 1()0õ When Uhw bic>Ãxd ontet. :he: ;.hwynbc:r I :e 230, Ã'x1:;~ blood rLm.:i-'~~ the saline 22I the be>t"t.Ã+:)i11. of the chamber 230 thrs q the ?.x à port (step 4'21). ~oweyv:cr, the Nood does not ti~~~~lace all of the sal;::esxi hia ;i.c. oI~:~zin?~.~er 230. Because of Ã1?<; h;~ighà ofthe chambc.r 230, the blood e-nÃe.is Ã:he cb:;t?;b,r ??; .ix;
o:i`ly ta's2vUi:4`w'.S pc3.i: i3.~~ thehy..`.i'1'' ,ti~ oftho c1.2a7r1ber 230i3Gfo.fe flowing L`.`aVt: vwwi1 flo~E' path 274 to >i':c exit pi3i` (as shown in ÃhC'.::i]1 #'o3i'i:sf..
C'h::iT1:bS: r ft)Friied .;`. 4:ai'`;,pa eni:
45 material i... F1G ', 3). .'k?"i interface 268 be$,'wi'~.,':E7. tt-ve :4<i:inL`. and tt:tiV", blood d: .#.,.5..au+`..,. thL;.'.
f#.1Ã'Lbe`:: cx ~i.erl: a`3` :nF#st. of the bJÃ}Lrd Ã:e'~e chamber 23().
the blood and S i:i~34 c:fi..k iftiE.I.afllt`' be t,?i1t+iuvi:=d tllid s:a4:?i ht1:'s %Ey.,iC~~s ehe of''slii:'.
\.ht-i_:1lbL'r, Bo4:.:;1i.3sS.' blood and 3,'1ziillL-'' UC: not a?7.1ft21..L
sbl:.'.5 ffic.`Ct, ,.`s voant;' amount o' #.:iX..:3g bf,tw<:C.;ii th4Ã3'Y>? 2-Ldid1 around the intea.Ea4c 268.
2`.'i T~3e `*:x;'31?e kC;ip; the blood 3.+.~"f1m l:o#itii.WE'ig ~hi: fi.t4r' .,~`60. A:?eEf,mr.,,-gÃ.' 111 of bla,{3d can s?e ;YiL,tie#là in t.z'#a : I:'~L
,%''IdbL?i3'Ã i:iT.E7der.ing Ã'lli: t?.peI'aÃv oa of fh... x.f'o#:i.Ãt 0i?.
That is, the sii3;T.iaL. -nt.cd B:iittE?e L;i)rnplE:.Ãel't'' ~,`~'i:e frot't1 blood .Eti_;# it:3: air ciiaf`.+ibo> 2310 . . ,. .
Ã~f? bE~3~;1 zi~~it?bxc~ gas . .i >? . ..ii.ela3 air ~~1~:+~:?li:'c's in ~Ã~1C`. `"+~'3~t~:+C}i~~ to ~I~z~3iz '~.~7.i.`. E.."ir<.~...1 i 00 and I">,'=:s..k~ the liquid in fl'w circuit 100. T11C 5{.ilut1(?n thiv is mostly 2 ;s :[,~fotwS hw 260 .;'iom r3s:c-i?rnink; Cocited w;:Ãli paE:}toin. ff the 6.;...;..?.'T'230 is 4;.Iffi::iei: tl`, oli3i3ge3Ãi:d, the blood dCAcy not i.i17;`S. ~vitb 1.17:C
:?illlnC` :d. th:, top of file ca.r.imbt`> 230 bovoie,t:,,e Ã.w saline ri.'m,.,i3-1s -i0aÃimy ~."`stagmam as tf#i:: it3.E;os d thi"oil,,ph, the G.>..i.~:~:iwfbL 230.
At`y .i'e':'h3..1w;d ;+e?s, i:irs.cii',, that f.s i.IT tLie blt33d, SiJck.i tf-s, aii' that is ,#`t3o+?LÃoed by the . ezIt`*l)r;:L,' 7i.~.~ or u.i3' fhai CÃ321i'.5 out of :^,oi1#ti.t3$1 5:1'ow3 Ãi~e blood, vi5u5 as i_my air :`t~.7bl:,ti o`Aqi:i3 ih .`?l{>(f..*,. ;a1."ed Safine until the air ev6d,3Wi:I~ly veI;.s out throEi; i3 aSSL 3.bsy .17 270 mcladiÃ-,Ig 4l?.: a~~icI'o-,porotFs filter 260 and the voF:t, AnxiF.arc.:
istc..p 430 'N"ith a d1i;ni 248 ..3;sidc F33: :3:t. chi33'F3bi.,~ 230, }"she blood travels EFp and over the dam 24;;. 3.s.iE.er t.:i;l.Fi, v.I y 'i1ciilciti - the ~ K \ `,i~ ~.7i?.I tt 2~-.~ '} t~s~, R } Z 1~;
bottom of ~.it~. C::i3i`.~a 230 lsl3~ the . ~ <.C: .~~.5 of bk93d IApt-,'xcds, f.1L` ba.. (-jt3. 1E':tli air is x3z7: i3bl=.', to fiC]v ' in and d:., ~-."( iiy r3:i:k o:a: ZF. ih%'.
~~ :' 130 Z~ `~'3~C`>t~.`t ~~."~^. 'F;:~~., i3i7_L'L ~:wLE4 t. ;$ `2L: `~ t ~
i 1 e.i:. ;:;_C7 x t~xt'. ft~ Fr; 4 ,~.st i.`fL 3tF. ,'i~~F: ~i, ~. t 3 c'tE
least . ~1 tew i`~atmi 248. 3. 2'.w 5i3:F kzai'e area of the dtrn1 248 i1F1S:Ã tlli. nwaiy f.
:Iic L.'`3K `': :ur 230 en: b.e", <*i:~ ln:;lz:dia)?a, 31"iicrZ?bWbblese t4? ;iepvatc ftt,)m ;:}'!i' bloZ?ei aF'i:d t xip: t:`ac circuit 1 (10 r:ixdFL#.$.~~ zht mvnibÃi:ix7e 2Ãf}Ã}.
ThI."s.33,3gho [Ft th`~.'. e.;13 .'.'ll.E.} the blood Rows W}:t?ia. ta3G~re bC:aE:(j t. h..bstai.tÃi.3x air-blood 01 iF3tI.Ff6Fwc. Al .:3\)t#-gzi the MY does not coF?is: into contact with ;i>
~:wia thus i!o?i.: 3ty ia :Z.J4 :`akeli` to th`.' bAf3s`3a can ~.`3t3tis through an oLat#C3val fit.i,:I' iF't the :;ha:1T>b::i, a;~iola`:e 13'Fpjci"f`F:'.altt3.it.>ns,, ai..$:t:r ex.Ii.F7g the r.E.iai7ibi;Ã', the blood pa54sc8 b;' m'th t?i#[.fb..?~no or m,FÃ"e, sewC3rti; hli6;i-i iis .G11tpv3tÃtiirs3 m air deteL;ai7Fx;, WhilEi' cert<3iIF O3?'lb{?d?ment4 have been dY'Iit:3 ibLd:SE:2Ã3ve, L`t;;ht`r 'm}'i~di:i;.ei#f:4 are ~,2t)S>sÃi?Io.
As i133, c:4.iF:Inple. ihffii:}t ;?h 3:n l.`:?.3'zbt?'C3lTF1~.`3].t of a i`ktiawaplf.cs'Fo L#..c,3?E h.3s, b[..ca::
uA:4E:rdbei3 #Ix whdw.h an c."Fion<`i pF"estii3ro .iC-a:rt1'r i1s:iQanbaR i~
.:: :".F#:gZ`d to Eaic.I:+l...o a pre-20 pI:E.I.,.p arterial p,es:illa'l.. .;,Ii slr'rs,3i. Ã:i71bodIInC913Ãs, as illustrated in FIG. 24, iS.:3 c_.IfiGl~a;dl p.I'c4,'+.Ãir~' .F4,ati. ..nib.4 ~ 20 can. aftt:'r#'Fc.fi't'L'~ly or <tddi8I.E1'{3.f.:l4 be pt1s "=oIlei3 sit>b ,#, F`f t~.Fi o?, 6L puat.e? 160 '3io pt?4i pump tinS'F'lcii p#'naF'~=
1"F3:e:=aSi1:I'F;'=ii:Fent. h: 5c31'ne eil`~.~odÃun`'-i ... the CEz+wF.l'et 1,00 Oial: xF>, 53 F'z3i:Ia.Fde a venous I".1I' `*,~`.'\suF'e s"LnSo.I' .'r_'`..':5eri.?-Ibxy 182 in ...i.4i:1:t z3i#ii'>eFtFOI.;
;3':tLIhe4`+.'nz3t.< a.J:'?1:I~~ 180, for :ili?i11i~F#dI#~T tj'1e pr(.~5s#.1rt= of liquid (i; g blood) ~ - ~ , er . a <',: illFi11~4: `t~li: ~:I~"#;rI~.Ft ,, e' vs~} on ..~.i.~'a:i~(F:a:r 4:1lG.
~`~~1i: 1%~:Ilt7ta~e ~7St:S'~'"rr. . C. y~; .a.433.f yF.t',C.1,`bly 182 .mx1 ila,Fb+.: &z' Sc.ma; 4~?F':.ste``ilt.Ã..oEF as the arterial pZ"+'~:,SsG:1Ie svnJC}a ~I,,~tiarably 120 dQst:iib<'d a;.~o5+`e wF h Fq;:Frd .-Ã` FcG& ..'~ A, 5C,.
t:1 4oi7lir ?a?plci1..i:nlafii37is, ti1:~ ~~en: t?S-bembly a:,i FI':clutie :.
mt hF:hiycF 1c;, si_:.31'r:i3g v 3-'i:xit <~t?'F.,r.abi', Sv~3::~:~~ c~.~tIiiF'~:. ~, li3~~Lr;~ of t~if: vent s'tt t,I~:t-iEf't: i.ii3ZC, f$i't.:~.Ã"`FIg `~a.rs'`~~ali;.1g (+' 3 , 'wo1a I2 Foa- 4kI:lznpzi:. FIC! 25 ;~ht?3r`;-, (in cit)xs sed.on} a vent %S: ?1C'IFl3:f3.y ._'..rW including i3...I.'ii.sFffilayt'` st.'=i?`
is+{.'.a.iF.ng v"o3,2ianx-tiFr+v 264 . TF~;,r.~ iu>.Fi.tISik`J'-w'le c;
~l .f ~.o,;3l:I~ y', a'.i~~1~'. structure .:.~~~=-~} includes a first ~biS~'t)ixs ~ i4 ~, C2 ~:_" =.~~.?~ t'.: :~,~ 4~~ ~3 ~' <~4= 7$ ?e:
~, ..~.t~ c in;.L.ioc-t:ix,t3`xI5 ?-.i?er7:1bF.'i:>>c 260, s.13i'.' a second pi?ri?E.ts.
..G:'y%t,.k 266 ?s,?aoSot, cida`sick'nt i:Cr fzI ' fi,,: :
porous la=',3C.3:~ 265. The fiI`s~ porous layer 265 is i. solid p{2T`t'rEz:4 b..owk .'mZ .:3;x .EF. a,'-+ <F.tsi;:
pi1;e stl:i: of <3:.:d7ut 5 i7:i+r>:]3 to about 45 .iT3x6;I'oI'' T., C,',.' iib<3u7t .10 ;l':7d..t;F`s, 1= stii2l~.:.
iI?bi~:t~if?141"I1..~, `4>e -tpi?rt?i3.s layer 265 s,~ttl? be f~.~iTllwd of t,-?ii;~h &tt;ii :?ol+'eFl? [~~~~
M.:terial. are ava~la~le lffi~~-~ Poie\ ce~lpo,at:::an, : .:;izbur?i, G:
"rgia. The first porous M.i'Lr 265 is ?lbE;uO mtn to about 5 ni371 a,i1.ÃLk, o:g.
cfb'i3ut 4 t 3.i ? .,t.,k. I:I 4frr.F3i.:
:i71bodfimi.nt, the fii\.t porous myer 265 L.c`#.Il be 4V.`..l-f-sE.`.z{ling. l.in sL;f;i L embi?ti.:Ineats. fix ~0 exc3n,pic, tttv Fu4, pc:jm1t5 k:v<.F 265 _1.'li:F`v' 11,cludi a tG(a:tt e,'t; ;;tif.a,l >lil.Ã?<.It11. : ;
, `zlbi)"F ,. 0% ti? :&biyi'st 101F`ir b,r vv't:ght i=~:ae34`~}`F', :.,3/'~[:~.~LFzf3~C,.
.i..c second --por,wk;? li?.ve? :.`::?i? is a solid porous block, h?-`F.EIg an average pore size \?A`+.6G.fout 15 V\.+ SZ,,iout"S'5 iniciiS{?i>s. e.hY about 30 s4co.iw23.
)o.foitA " layer 266 is :;3?t?..t 3 F:tm t-s 3.bo3i 5 ?'3?Iaa thick, C'.g.} abÃi?1t 4 n?2F, {l1i4.k.
iE Jo .$_:`Ã1d po :T ? lc.y4i 266 'f Seff 'w`alit#g. and is ti:lattv4l\` F1iijT'c ?~i~.`~pC?t.?$tt'4 to t1F,c;
p`est':1;;<i. of n?ozSWre that tI':L :zr"~L-f poii?Ã?5l.?ytF`;.i?5. .?i>,'- sccoF,d" porous layif 266 has a ,~~,~~,'J'`.'.at`f"pt`opiv'ntil.`; ~t, s~.'if-S.,.,ti i ' g'~ swvll; in the pJ'GJ(õ31i:e'' ?'`+fIIIZ].1stf7%e than the first p`+,?i.Zils, 3w`4 e"r 265. .,>
''' ~l~~ ik.c c~z :~o-=, alwE. ~ta ~ ot:~i:i).K+ C porous ela`>i l~:1 ' tt.,Ã
~ 266 is fi~.F.~a~~;:=5~E of a 1?ii:t of gZT~1~.
~ ~E, ..~: (E~:.r~' C:.iFa.?t?C:f~ :~3`~ s õ =, 'F?'Foa d:)nsAy }v1y4i-ij1eF3L: (.$'3.k}PE)) and #,i.':IN4C); ,?lu:.?d of i i 20 ~?;3<3lyst~'"~"<.Ã1~. ~:ii?.~3 ,ni:C;:iyhed-:f'l ci.Hul+.?S<_)r t)f pil:Yj3I"f?pYM_,O- or y?Z?.{.t?1F::3t:.3. .a,:ai,x``.. Siloh Pi3t?Ee;.Fctl:i irt: available :;ol`7 Porex coi"pi3l"c=.Eli+?t.. F.3zr??uF-F:`+.>, ( >t:i?F":4?as hu+..~1 r.s i_`S.Pss816, wla?:=h is ia pr)d[.lit containing 90%;>L :'t4i:
~~1 pt3lvr~thZ "t.F.e'z:ity ,M .^. by t4`u?g,jlt c<?''bi??iy.F` 4t'Y'ti'l ct,'=ll lilo>i:=wItl7 J,1'~?: average pf3T-i':~ size L?i` 613f3?.}t 30 ?ntc#"wms to about 40 C<}iml2s. A 2owe\aiq O1} er "noi 1.eS2tiiges of Lhem2=Ste3 Ld12s cL~i b4 ~sed, as 4=y~.-'t= as o13lL'...
2 ;. r:i.at4rtals tanZ3 ?.?0her pi~ai' : )z4".:5.
D#.1?'#n,y i;:i3?ldez.:safi E?.?`F can, 9..or c:ia1.~~"#PILõ ,:bFF??
"F`Id1tf`..1-w vent `;.i4.S%F ?W?p. Th'i :
first pÃ3?'i ?> >.:4'L.?" 265 :.Fb:.Iw;a R1:'a sI3,sdl amount of ci?f3dw?wa..fs?:l ii? ~3C ~4)~~ ~:i,F: E~t= : '~g??' wftlii>ui of C1w so3r-ti=i'i3i1T.iL? ;,`t'opL",F:'$y of thi'. s x i.>t d' ;,,?Ãoi:s iI'>Gr 266. Th..= firs'i porous jx yC.F' 265, be.Fng, 1e"'Ls3t?voly less rs;ispCPd`asivo to pT'ese.lcE;
of:f,?C3:[StEaTe (:x as 3c. compared to the ;?c.:c?2#d porous layer 266) 8lmxs ti1F.' pIi)gr<,."'s`ol'F of ?.i??ti>tu.4 ff:3nv ,'i4h`;
I:Ãlf. Z 6':t<S:I-Ã3k?eF` 23)0 toward the second poi'C?wi;.a;e?C:.E 266. ?` he 11E:it porous lay~.. 265 provides ~t) aGd1tloliill sC3ni:ce area w7ta?:ltt pCsecs} where ct?ndimi ,a:1.on =t?."~: be pufled of the w:i' w.:1_1t17-13: ta`it s `wmt?:y .:!'~~' bGforti: ].;t eeachf.;i Lt:lf sr <3h3_tÃ}. s4ci..~l,d p?zi`ws- Ii~~~ 266.
f 1-3L1\, :ris3all ri"r. hu~:: i3d;ty <3xs1d iltf?1:StE'a.z.'L fI'irll:
`.>>t,t`z#: %.he air ~~ 3~~~ 230 ~, w r < L > F `ir {.
f a~ o ;C?: ,,..'tt~ ~ 'F, be i.~'3TIa9Ã771i1~+:%~ ~f>I bt'f~~~L3sis ~s13 t ,S;ia~~ . ~~..i7.F~-~e=:
:i~a s.~Ã
vent.
lr, at3mÃ: en.;bod1rnentti, thf'.= air ,,ele:~se. :.(-1.a71b::T z!I]Ci otle or Ã?'?o.e ofll..r cw'oÃi`oni::?;.s f.i>:{ 3{.;i`eit has rac t+onlpt~+.'z~F:',r.lis dS::f?Lf .b'~."~[3 Clbove. 3kjiKh as the e.'.kI"
ri.'+l 356:. ct'-'slm'i)i-r, fonk3L'd r.?geffi~.i.` .v- 0alc 1:iwL ;: ' or :3i LgrG1tC>`di'I3i?'ltainw? rather than CI.Cclr"C.tG=
wps.3.rc3w or -axLiilu3i3:' di? v.cC.s. z 30:0 {i; i'#.AL.e~ a1ed.buid i.'3r4=t3tt i"S wtf$.1:pted tF'3 re nif3v..fblk? si;at s11to a f::lac h'Ino such, ~~,S a blieS;}
pEa.A ..gb:':16t"E# .n:li%i õlrtf,;,hkC%"s1 ;.~.4`m~'.~F{.alFysi. ii1a4 SiIi<:. The f41tii:~..a:oi: fl1>S i to a i..t7:=s:iC:fte or iit7 <2po<ai,lto i~1eaf..ly i`e"Itaps tl31'.
Fntt'#~,,-rutcd fl:A.d c;I'f:uft .ilt~
`i";,~c..2ai'h.#7,~ and ~ftu pjust a :..ii' additional i:t3nnCi,;tkonix bcIgiF.3w i?pe',=L"'riiii?.i3.
Rw#41rning to, F:G, 26, 11-ic integrated ~l i-Ãid. circuit 512 1uis a r=:gifi bs3dt ~'8 and a '15 11iY.ib3c bcE.y.k;.ng'I.n:,t 2>lhi,3wn,1. 'I'lic rigid body has a :>E,Ib4e:c.FI'r3lf~ thfi 4urir;i::,r. 520 wh o#Ii=
j?:F' :S'.L)rti E.{`~~]L,il;'L v1Lwf.d fron7 Vlf. b:.ic~.SidG`) p3rliLxa:3 a3= I`o;cs,~"~.od z}t?.1f.s`+F;S
r? C?~i~:C~'1.31tt .~'t3f?'i sl ~.~i3I't~ ~.i.;..ffl.c;C. <3:~~~1G' body 5 18. The .~~~:~& N.b.#tu tkf.i,.Ãn,_u.:t,'=,> t.`+v a`.pllL=fs 2if?
~
a f ,._ that ~~:fu 3 t ~i:i~~~? e.C`~~'i'~~~ ;3i1'~' the A'i t's ssii~ portions or so that `r:i. the ~?~.~k :,' :sa~..:;~ ?s? ~t i L;~ls`' ?
i'#.iSt ;x3i nf>rt,.(2n:s, i#p to all of 1-bo back sL3Ttr.:;.'Ã' A :hc>='a .s.;.,s :`:?d'x.
20 'f.',.3t. .;3i%:4'i'"ilwd ~~;~J$Lt Y:~.t" ~:;~.It. has 's..~xf.'wr.t.y.~t:~C~. pF'sF~:it?p^ ':.~~.itt si.':~ t.~ as tr~:i.' c.3.,.
fl.i .IL<.~ u f;hFit,nb$cr 526. As vvich tho ch<~~iber dÃ::4crib~.~d above, t.fi4 air Mclt..~Aszx ..hanibÃ.s 526 .~n,.htdi~~s :3.:~i:~ wahilf t`f'ni s.?st s$b y ? i.i ;-a4 ri :up and ;3ptlanii{l}' MC2ud=s a d.i.{? 560 and a clot lfltC:`3"' 568. 'The vC:=Ãft asseI bl,d 570 C;i9n. be fioI=I7:t:t`.~
Hcpr::tci > iF`fs`,3 ihC :?od:v 518 ax3ea < ~ >`
~tt' tlat~.1 ~3.aà e() bC.t; w#tf:
n respect to [?~I13ÃI; r Lliti, dt v7E`.;i:S Shf?lt .1 .a1 FIL_iS. 16 and 21, AltL.3'Ãai3+zvt \ K G. , ilae?.:-pf3:-f3ws n;+''rnbraii ` s.~$?+.3 l tõIi st'nuFõt.-#xt:~ L`.:1n, be f1"t I15it) ~.&1eIntà #=:ia..l`.d ffi-t.d cl:t:uf, saftc~r i.:.L body 518 :3.as been ?n_.iL3fa, W~thL?u a stkpp i;.I't f)r r: ['r1'Ylf'I".
A ? i-rS} i: n ; #:,1i:l " Y4 i r, ri~;a~ body 5 18 lL'=%id i fr3t:3 . t e'.igL: of # 1c ~ .3tt +?t?d Z 518 to a bot:om i gl{:)n of thL? sII= s0i.dtsc Ghai"i?bL:f` 526. Ovcx' t: rm!
pCiT'nt;:n .?f the cb.?..7t.l..? '5 -'~~ ~ Rr1`ined< I`be flC::xYlblL ba:>~kie?<g i"Fc3.f:iCS he vl~~n;3 .tS
FTC?L.ki',t 548. TSeL.: venous pocket 548 is s`tzC'.C; so that a tI"FiFI;4i?EFl',cr %13 t?'i4 nnifc.31T`rL can mws;sEiaf: thE:.
?~;
v~~lous fl,aid, Prs,sure tbrou;~j-i 1I-icflexib I c ba&ring. A
s~.~ech;.t~~a,e! 57 8 ,.xteuds a:roF.:
the oS3ikq of iEi.e a:x a'f,lL`.asÃ..' 3;:=ha-mbCi 52)6 t? an edge of the a'ifnld bi:?dL St ~. 11 ;`tC'. l,r=.: anÃ::
second tl?it13 i x.. LxtC -ild to t;?L il"nà or dlff} IeIIt s t~ <,E s l3 t1e 11, ;~i? o ~~~ S` e'9. :'l ~t t~~ ~~
dh..E.1,i.uS.`.[ 534 Ã'x3.#.a it:co..ad uhi:imi ` 57i`'`. ar't~:~. Y.fi fl36CF
i C?.I7i32tE.a~lt-tIi;L31~ with tz`3.c air i0ci:l`t`t,..''~.
v'. ~:=?i4S~: ~}:-~F`..~~~f..
In `Ro;3`Ã.' i1a1ple.i#aonte#,t m?S, a third channel .584 Is ai31'1":iÃ.`d il~~l. I.IS: n6rt 3"t?di 518, T3.3C. $rl:iÃ:':i Laha,iT3.i...l 584 is I`:t?: tE.3 fluid i'tstlSmi#.fli['.at]oF.'i~~ith the ftls?: or aG;>Ãs.A cz1a#iF3e1F;
1,vh4n :lk tiW,-i';~iet~ ~"~ti~.t~ i=Mr~=i;al :s not 111 ~~lc.t"ilaii~:.t~~:
or ;:~t?47nuL'ft`d to a : :.~:x:ir, In sCtn::
i.mPl'7.n.i,I? %;tii3ras, ii_i1 i#.:vT-li:il pt1&.k.$='.,. 5,8; s :o fC31 mÃ:d ik1t.~i~g ihc third Ã:h<l.m.,&.1 58,-4-. TõE' i r tÃ~f I'li#:~ 3;3IIL~ pressure can be measured fl1"1't?LRgia the flex1.:3ic backing of 'i'i:ci poÃ:\c^"
~..~'i2L end i3flffi~:= t3,?ii-Sl i;.i3i.YÃ1Ft4~'l 584 C"=a tC>Ã1d-, to !.?Ã.ZÃ:- edge of the :iY Tid bÃ`Pa. 518 ouEld i!'iC;
offi..w end cmii-ids tÃ? the s<i:iias: or <i ~~iftct'<.Ã:E edge, as sazow:#
in, 1,'I.Cf, 26, Op3."iormfly, i: i{5imffi, <,:hi:idinL;Jl 592 'L'.xtf:nd.4' i3ci.o>s sherÃgid l,odly 51 A post-pwm'a.i a:T`te Ãii pÃ?Lk: ~Z 3 ~ overlaps the ~ii?Ll3 ii7 c i1~~171"ael 5~~~. i#
ti7_i~~?c. 's~~~~ ~:k"1~4~'su Ã+~?~. c~.:i~~i7:1: ~
rc4i.'5sÃ'4 &n3 ohamutyt4 are {bufwd in the ? ,N;I.d bo'~~t~.:
sn SomE: Ãz~~~lem'=flut:ofes, tubes 594 1, 594b, 594c, 5941 and 594e t:_,c coiinc.:;f C'J:
to flw rJ.i~,;d body .`` 18, 5:1.eh as i::~ the li3S>:1t?t?n4 S?s }?,t'<re ilia,. first, so<%,:~ndr >koz't3 and >i?un.h .Af ~.f..a.,~ Cv} Y ~ki.i\~+wZ-~~
(~~
+..,htJ.tii% lS a.xr\.`.d .E.~ file 3..dgca. el;3~ic EÃ1b4's tlr¾;,', t,:d?.IlE;Ã:t.G .d to ti:?4 rb.~,.ÃLe btFi Y= \ys .t7 ~ i kil nxxk ;n the ;{t':. In. 4imli: ( llibod1m icI'ts, the tubes fit #.1.ttD :;i pTe-ii?mt'.'i.f ~t>: af"ve;: in fhe _:;if, ;" ~ ~-:at" , ~.Ã~ ~ ~~.~5 1 J. =~~hÃ~~ tw~?Ã~s .,i ;~ ~ ~ ~~~ i,ss~ir~. Ãizito tli4, grÃ}ovÃ;;. In offiGt.>:
mment: tÃon:, the wbcs arc clipped onto thezigid ',hody 5 ; S. Optionally, Nfi fhw end t3f h.. tubes 594, 59411, 5Ãi-=+~:~ an~.~ 594G: arc fa8t':?7.CIti for E3u1-tet`=t1ÃFg the tubes taS c's3mpC?n.e".its . .
of tlIL s31t3~ ~tF7~~ i E2Q,1h as thQ chzaly,?:e3' or to a pal3ci3t. TElb-c 594ir s~,:`s:i.~.'Ss- wm:##:d t +t h"l i ta .! 1Ã } `~y.=~i ~ 3 I~4~~} :,~. t. C I~ %~$ 4~.~#'~~. ~ ai 3i3 ?~ik u~~(~ 594c. ~=L}}~ 1G"L~ to a i ,aa Cr:i< 3 Ã#~[~~t ~ .E~i? rE~A; ?`:~~iy .""a-3f...jon.nW. 41} a patien3, ...ach of thw i`coc,`sGs Ã:[~> protrude ~rorm t1Ae flat sE~rbQ-Ã. 5,20 to tla~
saaile i,15tk n5:e .~'ifti.#'Ã?E3.t,Si;ly, `.s'i.jmG` of thÃ::Ã`.4:~essi`.S.
such as t ..Ei, + imiiuli:.lt, may :-1Ã:' :1~Ã.=~" LS: f~i~ S:~.i?L::r rt..E.~-~stvi~ +', s~i~Sti~~ as ry.F~~. air ~:=4~' Zber 526. E~c.'F-.Lt:-i.~.ia~fY Ãk? ~. ..Sa s l~.'::~.
~rLl~i'"= L. t ii ~"~ . . . ~? . . . .
i? ! 1101.;i :j :yt.ceJ0 Ã? i.`f the intL..,,,z3:'.3LS ,d i:7rc i~i t 51 ~ Sh oi.v .S` wi o Ã.it I .1#it <Ff ul:1e pait of a h<Iit.b t.'#
J;,, thZ. 60, l~it+.ri 5Ã+8, thÃ:= side tZf ::<:3::Ã?I7.d 6hc`'1r,,3:e1 578, tl~c membrane 564 ., :? .(;t'il:~'#?
of llIi vL31x assi r3?3_?ly ; '0, t'lic ri.i?fd b()d'J 520 a;:=aT1 lu}' =''.
wn i' , . r. i `.~`t~:K#';~is of fLsh f~~']s~~.";
tiibov: t-3 1'.~7.Ii, ~i.t,:~ as i4 ~,~.kÃi3 :~i)~].-1: I mm. ~'l'=v`:S,I~)3~=
I'~3i.:=~.a'~3r`..l.le 564 c.~Z~6;'? .. f:~Ã~: back L?l`
th4 AiM).CS body ..~~20a ?ie..=34.i:.m_ion4, iI3.stCad L?f oT1c or ?Zle'i`e of tile cb:i'sxmi,`~~ ~`~`.
ee g fi3 .Ãn~x3 h:
In ffik i;~Od' `3Ã)dv 518, a til:?e is coi.7f,li`t;ted directly t7 a -fo`sl'~.i.~t'e in E'31C, ;;i;-Ill.t b:#d". Fi3:d' . ~>:Swmnpk .134wcif., of n~i?r#::11.1i", second a;:=liaI.iF.ivt 578, tube 594t7 G:i:1 be L.o.EInoC. a.`: ditet:0ti Eo "he air mfoas-4 chamber 526.
in son-ac ,.mp~en,.runt;:3tion:15 the in4aguaYelf. C'.irada 532has two r3Hi'Les"W::s. 3 kIL.'- first <~~a ^~ : . ~ ^ ~ :`t~ i~;~. ~i~~~:~?~ 3~ side 1~ as ~~;,~~`, ,L~i i~:~~t?~
Ã:~, ~'.,.L,. :>~:~;(~I~i~ rigid ~Ã{~v .r .~~:.k:g. Ã,.#.3.::G.~+~ ,::~~ l~
:,.: ~3~r,,,~, ngs lZ?C.atc:33a4je#cc-,at to t33e po)C:t-<:~s formed Ã3.1 ti-ii: ~3.r:a~s:&. 11t:
e}p4.Ã'~..1;{a^F`, are covered wF::i? is -alE;n1i`?I"an'L'`', fi,a sf3rnc imp~emoniatrons, tl.tL i,.ategra#ed Lircu:Ã 512 has posts that uxt:encl .mm.
oi1+`.' or 's31of'L sides ()f ~~ac circuit. ~~~he p;Jst,~ Cai'l #i"3.atL' wTfin recesses in theninhh-w;
tns{.Ã3'Ã,:g colTei I -eA.,?st3ai:On of the ?tIlt',~,e.S.tfC,d CIrcuÃt 512 1vi'tfa d:fik.E'3.3pone:3ts, y#.F..:h 4i5 `ux1sC}a';+, I1, ffii' E3.t<FE>biÃ^rt:. In sornC> M1~~leil-leÃ.ta[,t'+t4s, ffi:' :zÃlte~?Ic3Wd circuit -',, 12 has ,.;tch,fl:;, clips ~~ other wLi..~, Zs =e4 v~;1sÃ~'zyÃ~z .Ã~ 1~Ãi.= z 1.Ã-t1L,,~;F'~31~a~~
<- circuit 5 1a.< `~X . ` . ~c,.y:
Ã~ ~:~3.r~. ~.L ~.~ÃÃ' ~L 4=i~d% >~ fsilv a>2 .a:;i3Ã 3~u= :~a~~, aÃ;i:ki+3g '~.~t3L Ãx-itE >>nated L.:#"c'u#t 512 1;i place.
T>.3L. 3]'t'iÃc,j?nL'' can i have ai"21eo}tfÃnTs`,Ã"9. .h%R.t. ho'ld5 d'ie ÃI:t{vg''atE==d a;rou>t #.a p:k..L,c... Th.0 m"Gchalm1..,, e.'n ?F?.E:=luise: a door, t'r it)4~kb1g device or 3:
st14t:E?:3. Cle'v`Sce -ri : ,h:3l; 3ni; fho iÃ.:ES.L.fi.rai4M c:rcLri..>= AÃl bght covtaL.twith ttic mav:,~ine. Whell the integrated cÃ,E.utt is SL.LiteCf.
20 IIW the a.Dwdh#-?:ie, ftY;G:il.;i? traÃ:`dut;GÃ,"a 3ntL,: 'ffii:=t.'=
ti=4'I~'th ihf I e??:zblC; backing to dÃ,et=rl5=:
nmaSul'Ã; ..t-io flu i d rvas"t3ri: ziI E`acii of ttl=t; ct7:trC'spE3i:dt:7g t{3c2).aariS;
,,~.2~c;.i:.ià k "hf; Ã'IitCa~;Ã'ac":~:~:
CÃF.L.i.1Ãt i3 o+?F;ii1dk wtth the mc3c>Ii.I1t, f1llC`.+%v:i the pILsh,.ari;
taa11:+du( :'Ã";, to 4e1.isd.. a>i:?i1' fl3i't;Ã.E~?fi:
ti-It, t:l>i;lÃ#. õ Oil.t..t'.' 1"hC.? 2ztW'~z~'';'i2t<:d fluid 6.rc1.E.1. is pl11ggf'.Cl into the ,`a`:ai.N >t', ;.'.,3t.3 C:'{:3i2Ix,Aa=='.'C:
21 y~5 .}a~
w:tli EJ ) i cS]Ze.,~' ,1 ~( ){.) Wl~i}ipF~~'.~l``~=
~i~.E\'1tt {' an ( 4 \34?L}`iA~~~' j )1Y Ui;l Cz the ag1 [~{t. ~`t~..it 1~I47 4,id.~,ri.f ca[+p[ '~~(!{i rL4~ ( }'y~ )c<= S .i~T a manner F)i~V A310.t'w:Z~.~ A.fR~Z 4i1~ ~"I \~~4' .~f t ~~sn4.\
~.='.sÃ~~~`~~.Ã' ::~r ~:.h~.= Ã.3a~:~i3~. of ! using ~he circuit 4l-iiÃ:4`nbf:Ã' 230, C`fGSct'3bet: above.
As ra=.Ãff3 the .Ii:, se'e~.<ss0 cht~~aber 2130,1iau rigid bL~dy. 5 -8 is constraa.,:.CI ofa t_'iLe-.S.6.`-s?.i g3.odv raa.?tet'tal.. 'I.lli, flo,Y:iblL.' backing is constructed fo:n a po:y-mie., flo<J.t lw.
fleCpoli; i31'/d :1z..:; ,AL ftf, 3i1C:dit.al Uye, 41:E:4.;I). as i=3_I'!
'.lz~~toI11e1'., If:4l1 : :1g SIa#.z:.t.; ::2:;btmfei.'l-S.
~ n ~ ~~:,, r ~ . < < <>~~::~Yl~~.~~. ~iti t~3~:~:i:.:a3,~i~;:~~i ~.lIs ~~a~::~i~it:,.:~Ã<r .,~t ~ Ftt~i~ low t~,..t:~;tti,, ? ~ i.ls~ ~:4} r,=r~,e F
r:4 2 tt =.t~,~ z~:3~.' >._ Z~L s.lQas;;tR= ~Jt~3 ~~ i;~:~'L 3~S1li~1~. sL''.s3`.. ..Fi1it'.=lZ Ii1L~t1ct . y[4 i.;',~", or ~:;.:llti~.~.r. :4 `t G.::i t>~~~
: . . ,. .
P<Z'i,yamw`de''`, 'ne"2m.:4. .iillamc~.~^l or o1hei-maLeSiGY:ls 4.~~~i-im md~,e kmmn in .Jc3C: art fto flexible .72 appiiiwaÃizsns. 11he backing, is a.itÃ::i+.vlivd to the back of ffiw rigid boc;y 518, ~:..~..> as by laser, n~triti<;i3:L%oI RF N'k'i:1i::?ilg or :S .ffi an adhesive. In some Ãii:plen2f.'i:Ã:ilt .S.?>iS, flDL ¾;a4k>71rr ?S
atia4.~"#wd so ' i?<:'% the cdge of each Ã:i:us4 is sealed to tlA{N` baC,k:-ng. Al'~em1it?Rcry; tilL
'i3e.ic.,i#3{ is attached, only at flw edr~.$,c Ã:sf ti3c rigid body. If thLback#:.1g does not seal fl-iF:=
fi~?i~` the >~.i1'i portions, ~~#G Ãi#.'tl~=~Ibns 1i1tC ~~h ioa: ~~L
ii?t4~;i'rf~iE ~~ 3w}a:i ilA'~:~#,Ã~i~ ~L.=:`~ iS
i1 ~,v c{.?#rst#. uc#.C;d xi3 _1pp. v ~,Ãiffl"1ei3t Pa 4syt3;:i tÃ) k4ethe i;' i, a flowing th'ir) z;;~ t;F?` <".#1'*.,~Ã~t fr:f#2`
zoaRÃIS,:i out of `il,C :t:f.4 c5 ? and b~.'twfi.'C:"i Iffic b:3.C'.<k#.n~, a#:tJ ibt, flca. ::#.t-#'fe~ce 520. ii~S the bt:#::?'L
#:3f tJ?t.'~ .i'.iEad pi;rfioÃz 5 1 8, iad;tis.S caYi be formed which su,.$?,:#:nd tili'- ;'eci.:s1o:). > hw#fi. g5.'.:~^
can e.1,iid ?.i3 s+~.":133#'?ws th.-.U ..iLx;lble sÃlcõIlbrani: to the flat portion 5 1.S when "s?iGm.-#?c i: ~`,.~1pl#:fY'<3 'iC tE_s tize dae:=iÃ.:;:.
In sC3'vu tTije;ct:i?i't S1.te8 598 are f0mas~ s'.3"^> one oI'#.ac#'e of ~~~e r`~-'~[.e 5:;~::'~~': ? S~<`. :#s ], Ã:t>%`~Ã. sItC`s 598 i.:;Li13 be used to li;jef:<t drugs or 5ohitÃo ;h ;I.'t;,i the fl.3iii.
h.i'C.hii?`ieL.d:EC+ `vo.#i bi..
s:L#itaE:je i3j~..'5..timi sites 598 ii.#'C'. &rmed of nl;oprL.n'~.'' gsiS.i4e.:~i?'fto, ~'='~~
1nErsÃdv,,a:.'cd i13:}z~, ;E,.".n;.iz'tt.d .`s:3 that ilic w'tlskets do 1it?t ledk, or Evcep after %I1L: 33cedeeL::= is .
e ? ~'~`i :`tÃ3 v+`,'vi.
Fli.i `37 ;hC>w;i a pe:i',3p#..ctiv+. }fi'iv of the integrated flu.#G c#;
c1,#t. :`.i '. As l#.. FIt:::
'Ã~ the flexible ,1waTibaat1e l7.is bee27. removed i'Ã'.?t21 the EIite;RÃ`ated flt3.it3 clu'L..:r 5 12 to sl3<;w-flW iei=E'S:iS;s.
~_~ ~#Ã~`? E}lti ~:`.: .:C.~~=i3~f ~:~a<~#Ã1'~~C'1`S :~i'~i l`i~ f ~~ ~li :'G>ÃÃ 1F,3 m. C,`4.tracw?,.' C3rL'`td bli::++?3. A..-1`'tlÃ1 v.
T
inhibits { `g, .~~x`t+..vv.).. blood a~E_ '~4.~ t~1#C~r~`a.rÃ` '~
z~'~~'+.n.i'i;Ee..~. ~ . ~ cf~
t~: ,,`E,~ t.~, .i' x~#'`~!Ãil ~`~~'1 Ã..# r ii7~i7t~,iE.?
air l,.i ta;t: ~? iÃ3`~~ti #' ci$n edt#i t. t:lc': li~4ehhf)i?d of fEiÃ
iI3%Iln clots in tl'IC bxii<?d. #.: :hw t"t'#I
:uhs,t >hi:re. <4 aI:i`.in f~*;.3C:=blt?od befib3`c 0i<'. blood m.it\ tli~:~
6;.#i3n3e>uÃ'. 2a i1?d#'`mpA?t?: ii:
pC.s,U..i:i ;-nL#.?`#i'.+Ã"iki1c wad a vent tiYT'tlC:tl?#'e ::E J:<' tt7E3 of the .,z"iaix3bt... :~~low.. :i;a tht2L enters v-5..4'chamb; tiS}o5'V2-4per The m'uvmbrCLm4 and ter3,t structure aepan. of or t ` i"sam-ota'E'i d#1'ewz>sr` to i,..e air Iele<l:'st, r,:lamber. This -a,`ÃlJws the air to, eas.fl:j= Ghmix from ti;i, liquid `.~#ll::Gi 4haiJlbL>. +I'liL34, l.'f1es, need d7i:st be connected to the top of tÃ.e O:iaii3:'?e;' is3-r m#hzdre i4 3 g :iK: ftom fliÃ: 6i': Li1t.
,:i ;.e. sei# S-eõi;a~~K vclli. 4txucture of thw vent asse-n~~ly >.~~~~~bits, (e,g:., ?.Gvints) l1-ÃoIs.-#z`'i3 i::' i'.W1i;01Sx:3.l.On ..t'dx2n i;i-l #.lt ' The Ie?#ci-ts 3i Ci3I? litse i's ability t[? -vfÃzt efficiently if it gwt` WG L On }ut.`,<?i?. tile ~ i?i~.= 1' can ri k.,'~'':= rJ:~i_ l.~'w3t.', ti? ~:sC~;i,,:_a~~~"7Ã1~, ~ f4 ' t4t, ~~'~rt _~.~ ` a nlc:>A ~~'~ allow ~ blood r~~ tF. ~ o.:4=:.f~: ~r=: ~"
3 ;.~~,3;"~.3`.Ã~ tt'':
3~i3.r+.F4..~ > ''~S~ ,i=,.i :~(i~ t.c D
ttiL '' Cio vent structure of the v-:TIx asst.Y7'lb::i` f:iiil 1nbibit t.<_ g . prevent) the I~D:cto 7o,<:313:':~ -mem:bd'aFi0 ftt;i ` ??eie# ag wet a.i]d leaking blood to :ho txi.lts.t;e r}3'c chamber. IgI :ht, evlc~n that the :~~em1-sra.ne fails, sucliz}: due t0 a puÃzQtaro. tlu;d pas',~-'-Ã>>
. ;.. .
'#.~~~.If ~.34;3''~ to t.~1:o 1'~. 2~t .i~.~"3.ia..t~~I'L'~, .~~}~ i'F'.~1;.t St~~E~t:~ti.:l`c St'F'S:ll.S ii3:i~Fi 3~t t7EvC:i3~'2~+:5 wet. 3hw ttvoi.~.,'~e`;
'u vent si7'Uitt,Ei'L iia;mbttS (*C.g. p:evcI1ts) blood '{rz?i3t `,eanii#.g L?:Asid4= of (h+.: 6k:f':I.Eli't and Ãm-:;
the atmowpha',I oc 11le chasr,bei is first x~~~~d with ~~~~ine before ~);.ng fiffled ~~lood", The i:;r3.?n:3bi'<r I3FiC a sIEff".CiLM be;lat So t.iY:i idllL:=r the and bsoo'', i3r;.t ..na.:;3dtaQed #i.#,f} .Js+.,'.=
à "3 wnb+'i' the ,_<:`;..iTw is ..kLi?t'~ near ~ilf.' top of the calilt-,~.?.i3f,'.i and the blood i`.~ loce..;o3. i~~.=<3:?
the bl.s:io}I?, and little mixing 'i_?l~flii: two llqtlÃd3 t?col?'I's. Ie-ic >:fJ.int; irli~ib.^:S r=,.:.g>> pri :'ents,3 mf:x~f of tl-te ~3e`~33izS15 #ndte blood froI~l~'~, %o1..tc1L=R.ia~ ti-ic ItlT"s`,::t?-ptstÃSLi's iz3~,`F3"zbrai;%? of .:~~e -ve':1t i:sSLnlz ly at the top of -fi7[e c`ii'i3i11bf.'=r. IfpI'ot`4 la t1:c'C.=L:a7`tdE~tcs o,l thC: T' Az 31-E#-~nr.E}u:i ~:~ ~EI~~33s~#t~, ~~':L 3~~E=3~~~ ~~1~~'~ 3'iydaoi)a3+.)ble, priJpert3f ; can be,I.LilIib:tk'd. t.i-at is. Ã,Y.ne tnenlbam:.' can wet, 'f11i,tv1ng l1q-LtiEi '$d.+ leak fr(_)ili inside #.t3e chxfnr :. . ' ou`;..ÃS.c tlhE;
"hi1mba. A.#iso, if p$'4.`:k:lf3 cis.leC;t5on the m4=m3'?'z`e.tlle, the ,iici1ibrc1iie mmy beS...tnne at .a..~lc9i ,n,y,'` air to p4is.} .1bt i:>u.gh. !`Xi\ks, a ::tuffiZ.F enfl`7 Contf ~.:S44fS2:rl\ s Cd?S:Z 1p s the al i110 to :~t<3w,.~'~:?ti'.~ `slt I};E~,`,=' top, $'i3h1 i~lvit~a ne`.~, ~.~T~~.v1,1:"F n;:`,~.?I'WS'..1d''+ fi.'4Dm 4::,'. tl`.+c, 3:Y1:_!3-lbs %I11?:, :
A t..ms 3r, ~hechailiboT ~~et'ii='~,i:n il3C'= cIiE7'v 2.ild exit ports :nay 3rovii:+. ,, si.i:'} ~cc fi`t"
2 0 mit;r(+~+~ubG}kos to G:f:E:,E$:naEliit<'. :F rlernii~,~rf>E.~ubbd~~~w'^
in the blood iii.`i.EZ%then esY.z,i?fithrf?ugh pFi.:
iha:,ibL" iadhu:` than paSs1?.4: thrC?E:"g)7 ~~~c exit port. Ri;.JucFng c.,ot >s) ;1a..Etlaon and ;vdt2c:M-f i:.:~.~ ~~~ x::.i1, ,~aC,Za-~.z ~ 14r f(#' .7. t.} ..{ ~ { F1~h[ t1.y.4 e.
T~iw r s~~V E.3:a:.. ~:~.: ~ x t ~.iILts ~:~~a:
, s >(~ ~ yi~~tÃ~3~ EII3Z~t~f~ ~(1 ~:I.iC3l~~t I Tq.t.d :^ 1,Ep a... it Ãs _3.+. t:ilan;3b :=i c''io t.~~'.eE31. tl10 1 i tLu #d:i.r 's$n. d a fi L 4,c scs tI.;t=<:=}. i~g wthe :it,.aiaf4, s334` iitlt immWiateiy px:?b:;=d out of tht', 5,:h:3,fnbf',T" bot{?t'~ the , ci.~s i.elt~ O~capC> C}u" t(s the top of Placing ~`~~ such as a pocket for ia3iii g pre'~~u"m chaaaf.:s. .. . . . . . .
.. -for flu`.d 11~'11=v and, the a1rrt,.:ll.rase chambay ii-i4.oa M.no..lk intCati:iatO6 :if.Eld"6:Esu.Fv,2i IyZ
3:"?11ltipi#.'õt :ai,.pe3_mt#d QC>izpo1]eis:'4. I'L'`=we:' cC11npE'>ni:n:'s uy%> e71;il3:,,. for an opu;.Ettl?I' tf3 i4'f3rk i' t~ i' '~ r = ~(T ~1<^ a ~ r* a S~ .E:?~r 'ti3~2 i~z~t~ ~~i..'t~~. .~~G risk .f.f` Z?~3i~Ã'~:i~i:f?i' ~:~`~~~~". +1 ~2~:
l1~~4:"~;d~~.~~f'c'~ x~~~.tl~ t~lF`~:<?~~. z~#.:a.: ~~;:t~~ ..,f:.~ Ã' the ~~~`#il( ct>i,~~~~~si:tF3i~y and ~`z xi~1~~ ~~}~rtt~?~~s tll~. i:lIE~~'\
~\~~ ;::~~ Isatw p1t:'~SwrE== i91` 101':3F7S:.'i3Wre F11ei3si.ITfi.<ra3%#":.o. F,.:3til<.7', #zho po+:kciti trk the k? i,'.{3n >zuIaIC.=all 011 :F1tL~rsitL''=C~ i }'#'c:`a,i#t C,Ãi71>~31<~:St' t~i+~'. a3i:=i'~. fo:C
~:~1`a .stiE~il'E. 34 :s. i:3g I fF:`~'s ..i~ .:~.%1~~
w1:J1 the Ãoti a3;f e t ham:.~m The wompt'.+5ic'tii,, diescIibed ',`~ .L=TLSr3. cml bc used with f}YhC:r l'sixutd`, :+t?iõa> as j3laSii3:z, wi3.t<'.'I', 3i1l i1<%. oYani~ i>'ihf.. Tnof."':7i:al. I-ILiIiAs, s"5.ddi:T.oi`:.c.Elli'; 3xqLs;d2i C3"?a``r Ei(2in. siia.le :?e l,=-ll-c~fa :3 to piilne iiC', sySti,. =F~1. N3...:=L?>diF3~d;b. t5t-t2or E.'il:b<3dInws.St,--, '+,iT`*:,', wi[i3i.> i:i'ic 4ci>lN >_ ..`t:1e folaow:i7lf: d:ii3T:4.
"-~
top a:acl ~`.,LkEtit:m dir.YIeI)sPi3:iis of the chaI11biu 230" are ::pp?'CsS;.i-nt'L.,:;y cL:uell .:o, .hwt tiie t:hmlit+::;" 2330" hai ,) Ã`ct:'i"c3.iigL.EEa#' or cylindrical Sh'sape. rPhe bL`ttol:i3 #.'+..g]L,+n 13 t :<12? a.tif` bL
~i ^ <t2 >
fÃ)a~ ~ G S]. 2.~i ~ ~f;~ { ~ ~ia ~' S ,tv= >
~:i3.Ã..t2~~'s I ~k3asFs >a~i i~ f ~ . ~~ ~~li ~}}l~~ `#~#, t33f ~ ~}.... i,t ~. #:: ~ a =4 L>~ ;i1 i:b.2.#1;t:'Ze.I= .hf' bottom surface has a s,.#ffit:3e'dyla!'gÃ1 dI1nLf.tiõi3il to the pf1F:s, r 24t 242 as well as any tubes coupled ti3i}ie ports li.?Y" t=iI~;i:ti-nyf, ffllLiid iITtt_i a`.:4e tmi t3fthe i.:.h`<3?.lTbE'.=#'. For ti","eb'LnpAC. if i,hc fi.6:I7w h`..:Li i3.fi outer 3."~d`e$;ET1C,te z~l.'625 tI] Ta., the 3CZt"dÃ3k :f y:.~i~:~L.i' #.;~ .3. :t.:a;;~ ~ ~ ~s 3i1~i~ 3~r~Ãfs*:.'. ~~ ~I1i.;
Ã:;:~`t:1#T1~3'.i ~ ~`t,` ;~ h_1;L=t~ ~.L~ ~iIG1i1~~:F~ i~;.~= i{<~'~I:tt.
`.s<#I':'1<`~' 26 : za soÃ:1FK fmp,,``ema#aii:#t.dwiti, thL t:%aa~`i2lE3f`.'I' 230 is at, least <#.:7i3?f,t -tw.'? .nt;,":C.s Ã,3 t : g. about flh!.`t.S W about four '#.#lilles).
f; Tl.,e ci#urlÃ?i_~~ ~s fo: !1"#.i:d of f2 tnate,'rfil suitable i_i3F
medIi..:fl de'4 aeLs. t`.t L is, a mt`.dAei?i gitad4 i`.awr#.ill. Pzi.:sta...=4. 8f,ith as p{at'13~Z'p~%ii,ltfiif~aL`.=t `~3Ey].=.1.`"', .. w . . . . vc' f v.z z..
pfylb'p. fp4 Eelee? ,`{3s.rk'~~`et.i lt'i3e or oihC''? :iu#tc.3blcI:EaivW ;tÃ
c:sdE: p'x.st:c eaZ$ be 1..scÃz :#ef:c71:c"w of tht.`:;' t.1:^s, ready avi~~~abFll.i y.3.d d14p(5sablo n:ai.f1.#L:,. A 3.c f;hai.i.ber is m# sfEe># as by i:liilLiit#~F fi5: <xtiI?pl4, Wfafiif ,, E>lC Si' i:'3oli i:1g +_ a~2;4 .la?i'i 7.old#.i rs .Ff>.i: ct:,.3;a'lit2r.',r ciia bt,', At:"mk:<d o-f a t~f :nspca1'Z'a`lt or iV.l4:.E:f' i?3sl.cii:~'~.., st} :~haf ttie f CF`k3.ng ~~~rovp:: ;`õ chamber can he observed.
~li3.; ct?:3,.=tt.,~.;s#t>El oA=th.e -,ve;3t 'c14sf'a,nbly 27(t is dc sc,'#b4,t3 4'"lil te`pot i :o the "ftl~~ ow_:. 4?g figu.:t.s. ~':'~L3.fi,t'i'%t3:y,< tY tf s FIGS. 8 and Q a 7'#.ng~ 3.,2 hi?ld;: ti3c; F~ *~.f' t~~~=ii3.?ti . . . ~~~.~' ar .
S y I~'.+L.fTx~~~'c`'.fii5 2"'s4i within .cs aSu"#.i:$ L~ii32a.1'L'.{tt:.=#'. The i~I":~õ can be -~.i}'~aT#.i: of ~~.c~Sl~_s_,, ? i3t;i~> as of the plc1..t.cs +i+_''.,"Qfibf.=d hi'.:Lin. Ilf: mi6..'i'f5=-p[):"(1t1s 1Ãwn:b`ii.l~~i.iv 260 i:i?.#n, bà ...SLa? a~ii]:L EC~Gi?
tntii thf'= .Ita ;y 301 Jhat is #"he 7daia;:=#o pf?rC?.#f: ndi:iT#.b1"<m: 260 ocl#: ba:, p.z3f-eu. ,..?i.} a mold F't;ld 1lAlt3 Ita Phl-cC',, 'a.a{: Phu.,.t.t=;}i}e' the ring 302, wh#.tõb. ct#:r#.
Ijf' pt}Eytrt .y?ono, `~`~3t.?lyti[i'Ti.ire or t1.niSfl3L:T' o:..?C',1' suitable naatf'.`n _#cil, is tb%.#i %iijt'.cteti ,,#1tÃ3 a ni(?ld to ft'f:"#:i~ the I'I.s,`,' ..`S ..;.'. , '?¾; xi'f]g 302 liau an=nnei dianawie-v . ami-_ wi ouLLrLSi<a2n'1:1 }ry. ?\e1e-rr:n'.,7 CL) 3: FGt~..!~. 9 ,-..aÃ.. ~-A {:F.i:=' ?6- veiit sÃwt.,ure, 26'4 aias a, dtanii.ie: or=z, to FIC3& 10 and I OA. 8t1 ii3z,ert 312 is c{3.ifi A t,93~::d .c) }lo;a3 the.i:ng 3t32 . 4. . . . . .
ii;:7d O,c vent s ti..turC: 264, ~11h+,: insert : 33 12 d ti.f`:~ a i #:'ht porddSF 3 14 and a si; f`n:a pob f_f.Ãi 316. a`=ie th-st portion 314 has a F;#.L.~tu outer Li?1i~3 g.eatet` xr'{?o`
f..zt'#n.f;:or .}. ;>
~ 4i:i.~.~.=..i?i.t] = ~ xts 4(.... >r=; ~\,t I.~S 2 E.FC.3:t: ~ 3A,~-1. EG:i7 t t~.~if. .f`L=LC-'~r Yt2 r = i 7if.=I 't~FC~a'C-f.'~' of the St nf:? w:.3.~f}L t.i3` _[ .~b~i~=
0 3.hi, 1nmi:i' d#~.~12-xcto'? i1f tk,i_: .firS, poiÃ:Ion 314 is y and %i3f'<
o:.#?ir diLaincie. of ~:f- mJ:>:il"i, portion 316 ] F, x. I'l.c: transition betwe::#,, the 1irsa pf:)rl`to,1 314 i1Ii=:.~ ~he sc=i:i.`rtie A foft]tin ,` 16 A
foin?s i: ~t.f.gi:'. 1..15.' insert 3 i21 can be fix#;A4"d o~~the sa-aw pl<1Aw or a Ã;.?c'<.ts;..i"ial ~.;C"sit3 fl1e P x3qii #;zFlg.
R. f,.r:n~ t~? FI~ ~S . I I ~~i~~ 11 f z, a retainer :>(?~ is ~:t~Ã,fi{~ii~~:d }~: ~a.~i~~ f.3c ring 302, `"r, r, and ~~ .-m .i i =~{ 3 ~i!2 ~i a ,~'#~.: 1~:1it s.>11.vÃi~.:~ :J ~74 ~.f,C> ,~ t, ?I3;i~:3"t ~'~?1 ~. Iz1 s?111t? i:#ii~3C?~3F.i:i7.e ##4 ,.;u iv.:,ii:..., - <?~ U.
L:,o811ti.rat t=f,3f%'-.i' +I.:~:Ii'ta 'at ti1#;: 41l-ii.t:r dis1met'vi L`i<) 2;-, not chc1F?ge ftoi'I? mie csd f}r d-;i.'.
raa.ncF' 3 I'.5' to .he t?ii.'.m, . li': `-+jn1c e.i"}::i.?i?di#:i`~..'dIt"s th.` .'ite.ilnor ? 18 ,:1.a>s d..Yci. ai3iF.i.3:.de e"33:'l~.'r diameters. N53ar the i.op (4[s A}i1w:3 3n: the Fig13#'ti ) <if ffic ri :aiF,s.
3 i i~ the 3,fflI.'.i diwmi...el. ~l"."
d7t. gi'{~..`au..~.+e iin'd 1Ã sa?ii3c i.=::l1b{?diment4, $b='v` ii713oi ta1~3I2,:t ~i i1 s..q,.:al it` +.ri''.# ~sa,g-Jviv ~~.;1'~a-lC'=.i= tla:o3:.1. -fl c outer dia=i?1Gtc-r of tiif, first portion ~
14 of yh~: 1i1~{;i` 312, No.:.i ;:'~.i~., ~?~3:L ),:i`.
oA~ ti;c rC;tai.`?ei' 318, flie .Yc.r~xeilt:.r 3 18 can a1ive an iF':E':t'"r diameter that is li;ss tl1ai'; , ,,3i i`.'.~s's-o ~.ii<3~,~I+,.....~' x= cqa`ri of ~ `~z~. r a =ri~- Z~F3_ `tIie ~O=~.tE.iC:
'~ 1P='~z ~~i'.'t 43'Esvll .~~i' `~ ;~C? ~. . r, ~:~"lz3.i3 ~ ?~.i:, t.~)3IE. `:zl?s.i ..,3~: top of rh4' aC'.'ta3i'1e:e 3 . 8, t:1% k.ii?=_ls,',.i be i3b1:31it equal to .2i Fh.nz.
I'.~, about e"'M~1.;a., to or ..l:0mt`y ati'S' t..?.iÃ'i ..v34 k?ut~.':F` fiia3il.t.ie" of VIif second ~,.1~C71'3i3u?
1i) +`!'=3.~'.3s`~..'i't, 312, Rt,...re?m'nLi, zo FIG. 12, <3ii asscT"1bl?.' 300 can : zC3?i.',".f:i;
~~'.'E~f;~1 `x3C: i':~,.f30b, . i..`,.:~
.. . . ,, :',,¾.iud?:.;ri 264, insert 3 12 ,.iE3d rC'.tt`il. ~iier 3 1. S, `llIt -r`4.'=tain'~='r ` 18 #ioIfi:i the vent A.i u::E i t: 264 ,x'3 tlwt ffic i?i?i".:it?rl of ta:e i'eta:., 7e1 w"th an f1w inner diameter itla1 .C,ss 0aw v.:;~~~:
s_i3ta,.t t 17c d.ixii_ileq af. iÃ1i 11b iÃt~ ( c, e, . '1iS~, '~1- ~. v ~'=ii t s F
¾ ,., ~7i $:'v t,.. x ~ :r k34t i:ff L ~0 6 t: 12i1: crip~ I ;w. f.
7ti ..~0 <?- a's I:h iil'iI 2G li'-i 3`1i 'i` d 8<:tm o t i .i` x,.?f tl `.4 I
~~i e.l.i..3t:F' ? 18 in~ Ci t#dj +:ic :.`~n t t o t:~C=~ 'v e3 `i.t StTaic, t:, Ll'c 2, 64. In 4.`i?..i' i;s.1b od zniei-:ts, :}ie R"iii4~ 3 0 2 b:tS s Lufft1ci::i:t 1 L.Tg;'it fl:at the v cvll sM:cttaA:.. 2 6 4 24:E~~ be s~.~,~~.'~;.''..~i 23. ~z>>_i3 the 1i~::1e3 di:3i`'$;t('<S' of the ~iTlg ~~0<'. flie first pi2it.i+.?#;i 3, 14 of E.he + l2 fi~s betsve;=:#i t:3e outer (itzit3?eiet' of the _ Jnw 302 ai:at dw 3i"int.'t di.iÃ;aottzi' : `,:iIL reIa?I'.ci' il c. r..bt = s.}tali,t.? 31~ can be bi3i~.'~.lcd to th.t. EY3sLn 312, >ud;
cis, by w S.liiii:?~.:, ..+~"a~:l~
-bs.3ndFi':z} f';:otheI' sut i0.bl:== meth;3d. {I hc Sct:63I1o-~.`~"s.,;.z+3' 316 ?{ fl"le ?i sc,4 3 ::' f<,i'm`t. ~. ' a >, =, ~ i .t<Ã`i,s:
~ a ~~~:i~;~ .~xw. is 4ii.~.t:. ;~? ~it tnt~? a ~. ~1a~37~.7~z', as f~~:,~.:ib<~,. t~ ~.Ã:2~'l?1%E ~?;3i, Re:mIl.g tt? a ;.G 13, the c~~~t3ElIbC'i' `r.'a.f3 bo fit}11-nUd ftw1"# N'zi p,..:R. _ i 'Pw.3 r t? ft cap 3..22 owa form a. botttnn of iIic chii:mber. A gwc$Yily 41iaZ"n1;er 324 cGinEbrn~ :lit. tur, of fiF;:~..e to F.IGx 1.4, wliw.n ffic, n, p ;?'r ati~~ ~~~at i.iy chaxi:~bei 32. a. c brou~.liÃ
chaA:~ba, Rdw:rain, ::sgcE}li:}', tbey fi?.=iT? a O-ivTnibe,' bYsdy 326. ~~~tw top of t1hL
d1.l:i:`xbC:t bot$ ;' s. Ã`
dh: . tlxo S"mmifi: of tii.c <:E..'JC.''Pmbl:% 300 can be fit iXito fl'ic dAwn-ib[ F b)C:y 326. ..s siiwY>t i#3 ;?i; i IG`ws: x~ x..1it : .:~ ' ~'~ia cz#:sm'ei :?f)dy 5'26 and a'1e :,issC;mblL' 30C, 4 :u? 13,e sc.il;.;l I[3 }Q;i3or, ;?#.i>..:> as ?i4 4vdd3 agõ aza:act'.ng, 5cfl'i'L;:'~t-b}ndlim,, or other S1J.it:..r.c m:,"dhois.
h"# o~Ã3e1' .~#~ ~i=T ~~.1"~<~~~t~t# , , C?3fi.emnà Ã'~~Sw of ifisi~anbiy can be fi3m~ci3. RL:w:rri.ng 0~ ~ IG.``. 17, 17A4. and ~ F"~:..s: fb1 "`.'..xi:1.mpie, a ,'uppt3Ià 328 can hi:ir"C' an. in '.Olien lffiw 111.i,:ao-port3us i:wan:U 260 is bw:Id. ~ li":i ;.~~lea dfiarlmm'r o., t'he ..uppor. 3 Y~:
'L`+a-n bex: f i">csi.;ppY3rà 328 can hi3.v~ti= ~i i~i,3"i7g1:that Gli.te'>3d:9o}.av4avdEt ft13i{i: OieouM-~5 i3iai31ul:o#` at i.: to? t?t"tt`.tit1 ti[3.~~3t?If. :~2i*, As s~1t5~i'Y.i in 1~'"~':s. I S. f~i1L vent st.~1+~:t'<.r. ~.Lt~~ can ?~' ,.
28 m3fi i?ft $llcl mici"E:s Po#'ol.i's membrane 260. '171"w n#~:7::=#:`.`.
,3<1r;kus ppi.aà 3 within tà t 5ti n1: ...bIa;34 264 can be aYt~e #CY`.~3b3et~~E~ i"ltt? Ã'h`.'~3up~,7V::t ;S2^~'`,. Tn.< . ~.t..-,mt 4Ã.; ut;."i`a}v 264 he p2E s3-xit into ft"3.f 8-uppo,.Y'à 328. Roferf'`t.~~~ to 1-3.GS .E95 20 and 21 <<w s.ap;Y+:d:`~ -328 ih w`..;i'-'=d ;
the so õ2~;C >i"+ s.~;~;3.`i~ 328 k1.J#_I..Ãt? `.~ z'~'1~.ia3bL#" body 326 :\',ti:
the flange Ã.x~.c:~::ch..3g ''S`~. ",t s:~i..:
3:`3oa t 32''3 fa'o#.3"1 in:17 r lii3lyti'.ziz" of hw cl1}inb', b i dy 3 6 to ltilit.btt (c .F
p,ek'i',2Ã) the heiYeh` ;~i'~.z*;~~.+~i f:3Ã <<~li~~~Ilt; into the t;.s~.~.1~#~1~)E3" body 326, r A.iE-.}E3ug:h, ti3G='t S..a#t assemblies described ho#'i.'i_n. ,2ae sFif,w#.l w4 the ::>Si Fni lY can ?ii 1" C3doz` khca pf 5}.i twElls 51#Gi3 ef CZ:C-umgu^ilr, yit ,`Vgon , ~x.x;;lT i~.i#;' CrS' ~Jizi.+P' `'si#i._Ne C..?4.<a se+ Ã,.f3.-vai 5btt~.F~.t'.Sw Also, Ã,.7i`: vent :issevniG3ly Qm ,..u've a threaded portion wL3 ,~1 th.`1l. tl1e ilssL-nfb y can. bc} :{)"r examiplt; 4c#"wwJd into the air 1"e,iE441.: t Aftc731fitisel?t, the vent aswL'=la~bly :`i?a be woldi:(;,. adhered ~F':ti3 epoxy t3# i,?t?;~..rvt:?Ã,'>
i.a4tf'.nC:d .oÃhC'~~yp of the tihamber.
NSTxt3{"qK._;;y2 KE;i.1 20 to FIGS. I bitlei 22, thi: air release :;hm.be`r 230 i4 ..n l#i1e in ÃI3E1.
L':Yt.a4:Ã3q~3oaCiaz e'l :.#Ii ciI'Qi:3ià t}i a Sy4tL:m,for ffiiid.
."Z7.lÃ$`atzoIl ifir#d air ii.i?#o4i.#l . A `;:-\t l3qL7i.t that is ct?.,~ipatÃble s;"if}, ibo liquid to be filtered (ti`ic sc4"t3nd liquid) is anva3d:.tQuii #FAÃi3 Chc, sysÃt~m' i(F Pmanne `:"'i-ic sys'ÃLux (step 404). 1_F'1 hei11odial'4`4;s, the first is a blood Con, P,:lliblc s-j: Ct ~:r,, such ~~ \s saline. `I'lA~. ~ sa1~~~~~: t ~~~ }r the a ~~C}, i:~<~x f <Y < 2 z /
~.}~~ i~c,,.y~ ~.x~'~~~~s~,~.~~.iÃ:.M; .~~~
w':3L ia. :`+.';-F'Y `cl pI'<:ssuÃ~~ sem-s(..+I" i3ss{.'.~inba j` ]20 Sca fl2%~ the p.i'L=s#"2#'e of U:e i:qE!Ãd. ;.IowsÃzÃ
f:i1e 6IL;uft I l}k3 tb.il tile ,.l`s wrii:I skLic can bemi?nil`a?rW, as described abo.y'L.. 1 ..:ks s:.:l1nf, ih4ni Il3w4 a13S wgi: a pol ;1on of ti C}:er~.~nnL~ thwi i3bi:it4 th`L'piar3ij;?
160. E~i~<:puunp .~~~~ fo.3.F;.1 the sa #Il# 3hmt~ ~ h, the L,.c'ciki: 100. Thf:. \affi1e tl`#e#~ flE4\F's' ti; the 'til aal4'z1:=T `f.z, ,1e?:.t; the oi fi3i~ fir Yt l. q 3d, flows à 3L'Ã3t1gh. the env1 ~.?<?l 242 of Oc c;>wnba 230 .nd iR:* x!
~;?:a i:hait'ib#;I' (step 412). IC3 fill '?hti~ ch-wi"1be.' Li5napeL'tely:
vmi3':.IS line 190 4i:n ihe .;l%i8?Vowd ~t3 ?:'t'Ã-..dto .'~ `^}t1\"t'.~vM" Pr+::."-,su,.e t3F'lt"e fl-w saline is introduced into EiFc c-mimbo..a 23~(,. is 1133`Ci=.d 43-Lit i1i+:' top o;~~th+,. i;t;".4~nb,Le 230 i3"1d thrf>L#~.~,~,gh fl-w mit;"rt) porÃ;us mC>I;i2bÃu,:7e 260 and v431`Ã -si nucÃ..i.ra:= 264 as 5;is.i:i_i,: -filÃ:~ ~-hL; cbximbe.i 230.
~~'b~.` -,w.in~F' contacts i.1l ' `,F+: cnbI<3:r3G :?0 and the 4.,Lw,tS<b4r 230 is substantially iitve oC air oncY1.~ti)e chamber 230 >.Ni4roiS:p.ie[Lly x;.lll.d. I ln.L'+.o5'i`_'>''hL'- h'aihmi di?i.~4I1C)t LxiaIhi"t3u~;~Zh Ãa'1<:Ia1C.i,abran. 260, because .:,i.e aic:m:?rasw 2,60 is :i v'dn $~ I1~3, :~,~'Ã~`: the r `l is :.tt , : p-'dl' s~
. ~.~3: '4'~:i'S3L1,M~:: ~.'~`~~: :I'.: t1h:3e eYSt4 ih*'o.#u h i..df. exi,`. pC;.rà f3f :hi' c}ic:i'I)ber 2Li'id o#.7'i the voii<1u`r line 190.
Thi. 5e"i:.L>i1s, :,r6 5 as a . b43~.~#:~4~ ~ `2:`I7~~:..~ ~3+4i.'.{i~, t'~ is ~. i,'...~: :I~:
` ~~~~ti L`aZ..:~
ia liquid, t.~:..3 ~~.%1li:~ fi~l F;::~~..
l.r.Ão thc bysfC;ia:i (`,s'i.Lp '`f1i?i The I?Id.)C1d tQ:;ilx?ws Ãh~..' wm+W
nnoL as the 5..Nn;:-.. .kz`, kJ;`' Ãi~.'~
most pa#.~ p-LÃsh._s fi-iÃ.: saiinv t1iro '.w~l the circuit 1()0õ When Uhw bic>Ãxd ontet. :he: ;.hwynbc:r I :e 230, Ã'x1:;~ blood rLm.:i-'~~ the saline 22I the be>t"t.Ã+:)i11. of the chamber 230 thrs q the ?.x à port (step 4'21). ~oweyv:cr, the Nood does not ti~~~~lace all of the sal;::esxi hia ;i.c. oI~:~zin?~.~er 230. Because of Ã1?<; h;~ighà ofthe chambc.r 230, the blood e-nÃe.is Ã:he cb:;t?;b,r ??; .ix;
o:i`ly ta's2vUi:4`w'.S pc3.i: i3.~~ thehy..`.i'1'' ,ti~ oftho c1.2a7r1ber 230i3Gfo.fe flowing L`.`aVt: vwwi1 flo~E' path 274 to >i':c exit pi3i` (as shown in ÃhC'.::i]1 #'o3i'i:sf..
C'h::iT1:bS: r ft)Friied .;`. 4:ai'`;,pa eni:
45 material i... F1G ', 3). .'k?"i interface 268 be$,'wi'~.,':E7. tt-ve :4<i:inL`. and tt:tiV", blood d: .#.,.5..au+`..,. thL;.'.
f#.1Ã'Lbe`:: cx ~i.erl: a`3` :nF#st. of the bJÃ}Lrd Ã:e'~e chamber 23().
the blood and S i:i~34 c:fi..k iftiE.I.afllt`' be t,?i1t+iuvi:=d tllid s:a4:?i ht1:'s %Ey.,iC~~s ehe of''slii:'.
\.ht-i_:1lbL'r, Bo4:.:;1i.3sS.' blood and 3,'1ziillL-'' UC: not a?7.1ft21..L
sbl:.'.5 ffic.`Ct, ,.`s voant;' amount o' #.:iX..:3g bf,tw<:C.;ii th4Ã3'Y>? 2-Ldid1 around the intea.Ea4c 268.
2`.'i T~3e `*:x;'31?e kC;ip; the blood 3.+.~"f1m l:o#itii.WE'ig ~hi: fi.t4r' .,~`60. A:?eEf,mr.,,-gÃ.' 111 of bla,{3d can s?e ;YiL,tie#là in t.z'#a : I:'~L
,%''IdbL?i3'Ã i:iT.E7der.ing Ã'lli: t?.peI'aÃv oa of fh... x.f'o#:i.Ãt 0i?.
That is, the sii3;T.iaL. -nt.cd B:iittE?e L;i)rnplE:.Ãel't'' ~,`~'i:e frot't1 blood .Eti_;# it:3: air ciiaf`.+ibo> 2310 . . ,. .
Ã~f? bE~3~;1 zi~~it?bxc~ gas . .i >? . ..ii.ela3 air ~~1~:+~:?li:'c's in ~Ã~1C`. `"+~'3~t~:+C}i~~ to ~I~z~3iz '~.~7.i.`. E.."ir<.~...1 i 00 and I">,'=:s..k~ the liquid in fl'w circuit 100. T11C 5{.ilut1(?n thiv is mostly 2 ;s :[,~fotwS hw 260 .;'iom r3s:c-i?rnink; Cocited w;:Ãli paE:}toin. ff the 6.;...;..?.'T'230 is 4;.Iffi::iei: tl`, oli3i3ge3Ãi:d, the blood dCAcy not i.i17;`S. ~vitb 1.17:C
:?illlnC` :d. th:, top of file ca.r.imbt`> 230 bovoie,t:,,e Ã.w saline ri.'m,.,i3-1s -i0aÃimy ~."`stagmam as tf#i:: it3.E;os d thi"oil,,ph, the G.>..i.~:~:iwfbL 230.
At`y .i'e':'h3..1w;d ;+e?s, i:irs.cii',, that f.s i.IT tLie blt33d, SiJck.i tf-s, aii' that is ,#`t3o+?LÃoed by the . ezIt`*l)r;:L,' 7i.~.~ or u.i3' fhai CÃ321i'.5 out of :^,oi1#ti.t3$1 5:1'ow3 Ãi~e blood, vi5u5 as i_my air :`t~.7bl:,ti o`Aqi:i3 ih .`?l{>(f..*,. ;a1."ed Safine until the air ev6d,3Wi:I~ly veI;.s out throEi; i3 aSSL 3.bsy .17 270 mcladiÃ-,Ig 4l?.: a~~icI'o-,porotFs filter 260 and the voF:t, AnxiF.arc.:
istc..p 430 'N"ith a d1i;ni 248 ..3;sidc F33: :3:t. chi33'F3bi.,~ 230, }"she blood travels EFp and over the dam 24;;. 3.s.iE.er t.:i;l.Fi, v.I y 'i1ciilciti - the ~ K \ `,i~ ~.7i?.I tt 2~-.~ '} t~s~, R } Z 1~;
bottom of ~.it~. C::i3i`.~a 230 lsl3~ the . ~ <.C: .~~.5 of bk93d IApt-,'xcds, f.1L` ba.. (-jt3. 1E':tli air is x3z7: i3bl=.', to fiC]v ' in and d:., ~-."( iiy r3:i:k o:a: ZF. ih%'.
~~ :' 130 Z~ `~'3~C`>t~.`t ~~."~^. 'F;:~~., i3i7_L'L ~:wLE4 t. ;$ `2L: `~ t ~
i 1 e.i:. ;:;_C7 x t~xt'. ft~ Fr; 4 ,~.st i.`fL 3tF. ,'i~~F: ~i, ~. t 3 c'tE
least . ~1 tew i`~atmi 248. 3. 2'.w 5i3:F kzai'e area of the dtrn1 248 i1F1S:Ã tlli. nwaiy f.
:Iic L.'`3K `': :ur 230 en: b.e", <*i:~ ln:;lz:dia)?a, 31"iicrZ?bWbblese t4? ;iepvatc ftt,)m ;:}'!i' bloZ?ei aF'i:d t xip: t:`ac circuit 1 (10 r:ixdFL#.$.~~ zht mvnibÃi:ix7e 2Ãf}Ã}.
ThI."s.33,3gho [Ft th`~.'. e.;13 .'.'ll.E.} the blood Rows W}:t?ia. ta3G~re bC:aE:(j t. h..bstai.tÃi.3x air-blood 01 iF3tI.Ff6Fwc. Al .:3\)t#-gzi the MY does not coF?is: into contact with ;i>
~:wia thus i!o?i.: 3ty ia :Z.J4 :`akeli` to th`.' bAf3s`3a can ~.`3t3tis through an oLat#C3val fit.i,:I' iF't the :;ha:1T>b::i, a;~iola`:e 13'Fpjci"f`F:'.altt3.it.>ns,, ai..$:t:r ex.Ii.F7g the r.E.iai7ibi;Ã', the blood pa54sc8 b;' m'th t?i#[.fb..?~no or m,FÃ"e, sewC3rti; hli6;i-i iis .G11tpv3tÃtiirs3 m air deteL;ai7Fx;, WhilEi' cert<3iIF O3?'lb{?d?ment4 have been dY'Iit:3 ibLd:SE:2Ã3ve, L`t;;ht`r 'm}'i~di:i;.ei#f:4 are ~,2t)S>sÃi?Io.
As i133, c:4.iF:Inple. ihffii:}t ;?h 3:n l.`:?.3'zbt?'C3lTF1~.`3].t of a i`ktiawaplf.cs'Fo L#..c,3?E h.3s, b[..ca::
uA:4E:rdbei3 #Ix whdw.h an c."Fion<`i pF"estii3ro .iC-a:rt1'r i1s:iQanbaR i~
.:: :".F#:gZ`d to Eaic.I:+l...o a pre-20 pI:E.I.,.p arterial p,es:illa'l.. .;,Ii slr'rs,3i. Ã:i71bodIInC913Ãs, as illustrated in FIG. 24, iS.:3 c_.IfiGl~a;dl p.I'c4,'+.Ãir~' .F4,ati. ..nib.4 ~ 20 can. aftt:'r#'Fc.fi't'L'~ly or <tddi8I.E1'{3.f.:l4 be pt1s "=oIlei3 sit>b ,#, F`f t~.Fi o?, 6L puat.e? 160 '3io pt?4i pump tinS'F'lcii p#'naF'~=
1"F3:e:=aSi1:I'F;'=ii:Fent. h: 5c31'ne eil`~.~odÃun`'-i ... the CEz+wF.l'et 1,00 Oial: xF>, 53 F'z3i:Ia.Fde a venous I".1I' `*,~`.'\suF'e s"LnSo.I' .'r_'`..':5eri.?-Ibxy 182 in ...i.4i:1:t z3i#ii'>eFtFOI.;
;3':tLIhe4`+.'nz3t.< a.J:'?1:I~~ 180, for :ili?i11i~F#dI#~T tj'1e pr(.~5s#.1rt= of liquid (i; g blood) ~ - ~ , er . a <',: illFi11~4: `t~li: ~:I~"#;rI~.Ft ,, e' vs~} on ..~.i.~'a:i~(F:a:r 4:1lG.
~`~~1i: 1%~:Ilt7ta~e ~7St:S'~'"rr. . C. y~; .a.433.f yF.t',C.1,`bly 182 .mx1 ila,Fb+.: &z' Sc.ma; 4~?F':.ste``ilt.Ã..oEF as the arterial pZ"+'~:,SsG:1Ie svnJC}a ~I,,~tiarably 120 dQst:iib<'d a;.~o5+`e wF h Fq;:Frd .-Ã` FcG& ..'~ A, 5C,.
t:1 4oi7lir ?a?plci1..i:nlafii37is, ti1:~ ~~en: t?S-bembly a:,i FI':clutie :.
mt hF:hiycF 1c;, si_:.31'r:i3g v 3-'i:xit <~t?'F.,r.abi', Sv~3::~:~~ c~.~tIiiF'~:. ~, li3~~Lr;~ of t~if: vent s'tt t,I~:t-iEf't: i.ii3ZC, f$i't.:~.Ã"`FIg `~a.rs'`~~ali;.1g (+' 3 , 'wo1a I2 Foa- 4kI:lznpzi:. FIC! 25 ;~ht?3r`;-, (in cit)xs sed.on} a vent %S: ?1C'IFl3:f3.y ._'..rW including i3...I.'ii.sFffilayt'` st.'=i?`
is+{.'.a.iF.ng v"o3,2ianx-tiFr+v 264 . TF~;,r.~ iu>.Fi.tISik`J'-w'le c;
~l .f ~.o,;3l:I~ y', a'.i~~1~'. structure .:.~~~=-~} includes a first ~biS~'t)ixs ~ i4 ~, C2 ~:_" =.~~.?~ t'.: :~,~ 4~~ ~3 ~' <~4= 7$ ?e:
~, ..~.t~ c in;.L.ioc-t:ix,t3`xI5 ?-.i?er7:1bF.'i:>>c 260, s.13i'.' a second pi?ri?E.ts.
..G:'y%t,.k 266 ?s,?aoSot, cida`sick'nt i:Cr fzI ' fi,,: :
porous la=',3C.3:~ 265. The fiI`s~ porous layer 265 is i. solid p{2T`t'rEz:4 b..owk .'mZ .:3;x .EF. a,'-+ <F.tsi;:
pi1;e stl:i: of <3:.:d7ut 5 i7:i+r>:]3 to about 45 .iT3x6;I'oI'' T., C,',.' iib<3u7t .10 ;l':7d..t;F`s, 1= stii2l~.:.
iI?bi~:t~if?141"I1..~, `4>e -tpi?rt?i3.s layer 265 s,~ttl? be f~.~iTllwd of t,-?ii;~h &tt;ii :?ol+'eFl? [~~~~
M.:terial. are ava~la~le lffi~~-~ Poie\ ce~lpo,at:::an, : .:;izbur?i, G:
"rgia. The first porous M.i'Lr 265 is ?lbE;uO mtn to about 5 ni371 a,i1.ÃLk, o:g.
cfb'i3ut 4 t 3.i ? .,t.,k. I:I 4frr.F3i.:
:i71bodfimi.nt, the fii\.t porous myer 265 L.c`#.Il be 4V.`..l-f-sE.`.z{ling. l.in sL;f;i L embi?ti.:Ineats. fix ~0 exc3n,pic, tttv Fu4, pc:jm1t5 k:v<.F 265 _1.'li:F`v' 11,cludi a tG(a:tt e,'t; ;;tif.a,l >lil.Ã?<.It11. : ;
, `zlbi)"F ,. 0% ti? :&biyi'st 101F`ir b,r vv't:ght i=~:ae34`~}`F', :.,3/'~[:~.~LFzf3~C,.
.i..c second --por,wk;? li?.ve? :.`::?i? is a solid porous block, h?-`F.EIg an average pore size \?A`+.6G.fout 15 V\.+ SZ,,iout"S'5 iniciiS{?i>s. e.hY about 30 s4co.iw23.
)o.foitA " layer 266 is :;3?t?..t 3 F:tm t-s 3.bo3i 5 ?'3?Iaa thick, C'.g.} abÃi?1t 4 n?2F, {l1i4.k.
iE Jo .$_:`Ã1d po :T ? lc.y4i 266 'f Seff 'w`alit#g. and is ti:lattv4l\` F1iijT'c ?~i~.`~pC?t.?$tt'4 to t1F,c;
p`est':1;;<i. of n?ozSWre that tI':L :zr"~L-f poii?Ã?5l.?ytF`;.i?5. .?i>,'- sccoF,d" porous layif 266 has a ,~~,~~,'J'`.'.at`f"pt`opiv'ntil.`; ~t, s~.'if-S.,.,ti i ' g'~ swvll; in the pJ'GJ(õ31i:e'' ?'`+fIIIZ].1stf7%e than the first p`+,?i.Zils, 3w`4 e"r 265. .,>
''' ~l~~ ik.c c~z :~o-=, alwE. ~ta ~ ot:~i:i).K+ C porous ela`>i l~:1 ' tt.,Ã
~ 266 is fi~.F.~a~~;:=5~E of a 1?ii:t of gZT~1~.
~ ~E, ..~: (E~:.r~' C:.iFa.?t?C:f~ :~3`~ s õ =, 'F?'Foa d:)nsAy }v1y4i-ij1eF3L: (.$'3.k}PE)) and #,i.':IN4C); ,?lu:.?d of i i 20 ~?;3<3lyst~'"~"<.Ã1~. ~:ii?.~3 ,ni:C;:iyhed-:f'l ci.Hul+.?S<_)r t)f pil:Yj3I"f?pYM_,O- or y?Z?.{.t?1F::3t:.3. .a,:ai,x``.. Siloh Pi3t?Ee;.Fctl:i irt: available :;ol`7 Porex coi"pi3l"c=.Eli+?t.. F.3zr??uF-F:`+.>, ( >t:i?F":4?as hu+..~1 r.s i_`S.Pss816, wla?:=h is ia pr)d[.lit containing 90%;>L :'t4i:
~~1 pt3lvr~thZ "t.F.e'z:ity ,M .^. by t4`u?g,jlt c<?''bi??iy.F` 4t'Y'ti'l ct,'=ll lilo>i:=wItl7 J,1'~?: average pf3T-i':~ size L?i` 613f3?.}t 30 ?ntc#"wms to about 40 C<}iml2s. A 2owe\aiq O1} er "noi 1.eS2tiiges of Lhem2=Ste3 Ld12s cL~i b4 ~sed, as 4=y~.-'t= as o13lL'...
2 ;. r:i.at4rtals tanZ3 ?.?0her pi~ai' : )z4".:5.
D#.1?'#n,y i;:i3?ldez.:safi E?.?`F can, 9..or c:ia1.~~"#PILõ ,:bFF??
"F`Id1tf`..1-w vent `;.i4.S%F ?W?p. Th'i :
first pÃ3?'i ?> >.:4'L.?" 265 :.Fb:.Iw;a R1:'a sI3,sdl amount of ci?f3dw?wa..fs?:l ii? ~3C ~4)~~ ~:i,F: E~t= : '~g??' wftlii>ui of C1w so3r-ti=i'i3i1T.iL? ;,`t'opL",F:'$y of thi'. s x i.>t d' ;,,?Ãoi:s iI'>Gr 266. Th..= firs'i porous jx yC.F' 265, be.Fng, 1e"'Ls3t?voly less rs;ispCPd`asivo to pT'ese.lcE;
of:f,?C3:[StEaTe (:x as 3c. compared to the ;?c.:c?2#d porous layer 266) 8lmxs ti1F.' pIi)gr<,."'s`ol'F of ?.i??ti>tu.4 ff:3nv ,'i4h`;
I:Ãlf. Z 6':t<S:I-Ã3k?eF` 23)0 toward the second poi'C?wi;.a;e?C:.E 266. ?` he 11E:it porous lay~.. 265 provides ~t) aGd1tloliill sC3ni:ce area w7ta?:ltt pCsecs} where ct?ndimi ,a:1.on =t?."~: be pufled of the w:i' w.:1_1t17-13: ta`it s `wmt?:y .:!'~~' bGforti: ].;t eeachf.;i Lt:lf sr <3h3_tÃ}. s4ci..~l,d p?zi`ws- Ii~~~ 266.
f 1-3L1\, :ris3all ri"r. hu~:: i3d;ty <3xs1d iltf?1:StE'a.z.'L fI'irll:
`.>>t,t`z#: %.he air ~~ 3~~~ 230 ~, w r < L > F `ir {.
f a~ o ;C?: ,,..'tt~ ~ 'F, be i.~'3TIa9Ã771i1~+:%~ ~f>I bt'f~~~L3sis ~s13 t ,S;ia~~ . ~~..i7.F~-~e=:
:i~a s.~Ã
vent.
lr, at3mÃ: en.;bod1rnentti, thf'.= air ,,ele:~se. :.(-1.a71b::T z!I]Ci otle or Ã?'?o.e ofll..r cw'oÃi`oni::?;.s f.i>:{ 3{.;i`eit has rac t+onlpt~+.'z~F:',r.lis dS::f?Lf .b'~."~[3 Clbove. 3kjiKh as the e.'.kI"
ri.'+l 356:. ct'-'slm'i)i-r, fonk3L'd r.?geffi~.i.` .v- 0alc 1:iwL ;: ' or :3i LgrG1tC>`di'I3i?'ltainw? rather than CI.Cclr"C.tG=
wps.3.rc3w or -axLiilu3i3:' di? v.cC.s. z 30:0 {i; i'#.AL.e~ a1ed.buid i.'3r4=t3tt i"S wtf$.1:pted tF'3 re nif3v..fblk? si;at s11to a f::lac h'Ino such, ~~,S a blieS;}
pEa.A ..gb:':16t"E# .n:li%i õlrtf,;,hkC%"s1 ;.~.4`m~'.~F{.alFysi. ii1a4 SiIi<:. The f41tii:~..a:oi: fl1>S i to a i..t7:=s:iC:fte or iit7 <2po<ai,lto i~1eaf..ly i`e"Itaps tl31'.
Fntt'#~,,-rutcd fl:A.d c;I'f:uft .ilt~
`i";,~c..2ai'h.#7,~ and ~ftu pjust a :..ii' additional i:t3nnCi,;tkonix bcIgiF.3w i?pe',=L"'riiii?.i3.
Rw#41rning to, F:G, 26, 11-ic integrated ~l i-Ãid. circuit 512 1uis a r=:gifi bs3dt ~'8 and a '15 11iY.ib3c bcE.y.k;.ng'I.n:,t 2>lhi,3wn,1. 'I'lic rigid body has a :>E,Ib4e:c.FI'r3lf~ thfi 4urir;i::,r. 520 wh o#Ii=
j?:F' :S'.L)rti E.{`~~]L,il;'L v1Lwf.d fron7 Vlf. b:.ic~.SidG`) p3rliLxa:3 a3= I`o;cs,~"~.od z}t?.1f.s`+F;S
r? C?~i~:C~'1.31tt .~'t3f?'i sl ~.~i3I't~ ~.i.;..ffl.c;C. <3:~~~1G' body 5 18. The .~~~:~& N.b.#tu tkf.i,.Ãn,_u.:t,'=,> t.`+v a`.pllL=fs 2if?
~
a f ,._ that ~~:fu 3 t ~i:i~~~? e.C`~~'i'~~~ ;3i1'~' the A'i t's ssii~ portions or so that `r:i. the ~?~.~k :,' :sa~..:;~ ?s? ~t i L;~ls`' ?
i'#.iSt ;x3i nf>rt,.(2n:s, i#p to all of 1-bo back sL3Ttr.:;.'Ã' A :hc>='a .s.;.,s :`:?d'x.
20 'f.',.3t. .;3i%:4'i'"ilwd ~~;~J$Lt Y:~.t" ~:;~.It. has 's..~xf.'wr.t.y.~t:~C~. pF'sF~:it?p^ ':.~~.itt si.':~ t.~ as tr~:i.' c.3.,.
fl.i .IL<.~ u f;hFit,nb$cr 526. As vvich tho ch<~~iber dÃ::4crib~.~d above, t.fi4 air Mclt..~Aszx ..hanibÃ.s 526 .~n,.htdi~~s :3.:~i:~ wahilf t`f'ni s.?st s$b y ? i.i ;-a4 ri :up and ;3ptlanii{l}' MC2ud=s a d.i.{? 560 and a clot lfltC:`3"' 568. 'The vC:=Ãft asseI bl,d 570 C;i9n. be fioI=I7:t:t`.~
Hcpr::tci > iF`fs`,3 ihC :?od:v 518 ax3ea < ~ >`
~tt' tlat~.1 ~3.aà e() bC.t; w#tf:
n respect to [?~I13ÃI; r Lliti, dt v7E`.;i:S Shf?lt .1 .a1 FIL_iS. 16 and 21, AltL.3'Ãai3+zvt \ K G. , ilae?.:-pf3:-f3ws n;+''rnbraii ` s.~$?+.3 l tõIi st'nuFõt.-#xt:~ L`.:1n, be f1"t I15it) ~.&1eIntà #=:ia..l`.d ffi-t.d cl:t:uf, saftc~r i.:.L body 518 :3.as been ?n_.iL3fa, W~thL?u a stkpp i;.I't f)r r: ['r1'Ylf'I".
A ? i-rS} i: n ; #:,1i:l " Y4 i r, ri~;a~ body 5 18 lL'=%id i fr3t:3 . t e'.igL: of # 1c ~ .3tt +?t?d Z 518 to a bot:om i gl{:)n of thL? sII= s0i.dtsc Ghai"i?bL:f` 526. Ovcx' t: rm!
pCiT'nt;:n .?f the cb.?..7t.l..? '5 -'~~ ~ Rr1`ined< I`be flC::xYlblL ba:>~kie?<g i"Fc3.f:iCS he vl~~n;3 .tS
FTC?L.ki',t 548. TSeL.: venous pocket 548 is s`tzC'.C; so that a tI"FiFI;4i?EFl',cr %13 t?'i4 nnifc.31T`rL can mws;sEiaf: thE:.
?~;
v~~lous fl,aid, Prs,sure tbrou;~j-i 1I-icflexib I c ba&ring. A
s~.~ech;.t~~a,e! 57 8 ,.xteuds a:roF.:
the oS3ikq of iEi.e a:x a'f,lL`.asÃ..' 3;:=ha-mbCi 52)6 t? an edge of the a'ifnld bi:?dL St ~. 11 ;`tC'. l,r=.: anÃ::
second tl?it13 i x.. LxtC -ild to t;?L il"nà or dlff} IeIIt s t~ <,E s l3 t1e 11, ;~i? o ~~~ S` e'9. :'l ~t t~~ ~~
dh..E.1,i.uS.`.[ 534 Ã'x3.#.a it:co..ad uhi:imi ` 57i`'`. ar't~:~. Y.fi fl36CF
i C?.I7i32tE.a~lt-tIi;L31~ with tz`3.c air i0ci:l`t`t,..''~.
v'. ~:=?i4S~: ~}:-~F`..~~~f..
In `Ro;3`Ã.' i1a1ple.i#aonte#,t m?S, a third channel .584 Is ai31'1":iÃ.`d il~~l. I.IS: n6rt 3"t?di 518, T3.3C. $rl:iÃ:':i Laha,iT3.i...l 584 is I`:t?: tE.3 fluid i'tstlSmi#.fli['.at]oF.'i~~ith the ftls?: or aG;>Ãs.A cz1a#iF3e1F;
1,vh4n :lk tiW,-i';~iet~ ~"~ti~.t~ i=Mr~=i;al :s not 111 ~~lc.t"ilaii~:.t~~:
or ;:~t?47nuL'ft`d to a : :.~:x:ir, In sCtn::
i.mPl'7.n.i,I? %;tii3ras, ii_i1 i#.:vT-li:il pt1&.k.$='.,. 5,8; s :o fC31 mÃ:d ik1t.~i~g ihc third Ã:h<l.m.,&.1 58,-4-. TõE' i r tÃ~f I'li#:~ 3;3IIL~ pressure can be measured fl1"1't?LRgia the flex1.:3ic backing of 'i'i:ci poÃ:\c^"
~..~'i2L end i3flffi~:= t3,?ii-Sl i;.i3i.YÃ1Ft4~'l 584 C"=a tC>Ã1d-, to !.?Ã.ZÃ:- edge of the :iY Tid bÃ`Pa. 518 ouEld i!'iC;
offi..w end cmii-ids tÃ? the s<i:iias: or <i ~~iftct'<.Ã:E edge, as sazow:#
in, 1,'I.Cf, 26, Op3."iormfly, i: i{5imffi, <,:hi:idinL;Jl 592 'L'.xtf:nd.4' i3ci.o>s sherÃgid l,odly 51 A post-pwm'a.i a:T`te Ãii pÃ?Lk: ~Z 3 ~ overlaps the ~ii?Ll3 ii7 c i1~~171"ael 5~~~. i#
ti7_i~~?c. 's~~~~ ~:k"1~4~'su Ã+~?~. c~.:i~~i7:1: ~
rc4i.'5sÃ'4 &n3 ohamutyt4 are {bufwd in the ? ,N;I.d bo'~~t~.:
sn SomE: Ãz~~~lem'=flut:ofes, tubes 594 1, 594b, 594c, 5941 and 594e t:_,c coiinc.:;f C'J:
to flw rJ.i~,;d body .`` 18, 5:1.eh as i::~ the li3S>:1t?t?n4 S?s }?,t'<re ilia,. first, so<%,:~ndr >koz't3 and >i?un.h .Af ~.f..a.,~ Cv} Y ~ki.i\~+wZ-~~
(~~
+..,htJ.tii% lS a.xr\.`.d .E.~ file 3..dgca. el;3~ic EÃ1b4's tlr¾;,', t,:d?.IlE;Ã:t.G .d to ti:?4 rb.~,.ÃLe btFi Y= \ys .t7 ~ i kil nxxk ;n the ;{t':. In. 4imli: ( llibod1m icI'ts, the tubes fit #.1.ttD :;i pTe-ii?mt'.'i.f ~t>: af"ve;: in fhe _:;if, ;" ~ ~-:at" , ~.Ã~ ~ ~~.~5 1 J. =~~hÃ~~ tw~?Ã~s .,i ;~ ~ ~ ~~~ i,ss~ir~. Ãizito tli4, grÃ}ovÃ;;. In offiGt.>:
mment: tÃon:, the wbcs arc clipped onto thezigid ',hody 5 ; S. Optionally, Nfi fhw end t3f h.. tubes 594, 59411, 5Ãi-=+~:~ an~.~ 594G: arc fa8t':?7.CIti for E3u1-tet`=t1ÃFg the tubes taS c's3mpC?n.e".its . .
of tlIL s31t3~ ~tF7~~ i E2Q,1h as thQ chzaly,?:e3' or to a pal3ci3t. TElb-c 594ir s~,:`s:i.~.'Ss- wm:##:d t +t h"l i ta .! 1Ã } `~y.=~i ~ 3 I~4~~} :,~. t. C I~ %~$ 4~.~#'~~. ~ ai 3i3 ?~ik u~~(~ 594c. ~=L}}~ 1G"L~ to a i ,aa Cr:i< 3 Ã#~[~~t ~ .E~i? rE~A; ?`:~~iy .""a-3f...jon.nW. 41} a patien3, ...ach of thw i`coc,`sGs Ã:[~> protrude ~rorm t1Ae flat sE~rbQ-Ã. 5,20 to tla~
saaile i,15tk n5:e .~'ifti.#'Ã?E3.t,Si;ly, `.s'i.jmG` of thÃ::Ã`.4:~essi`.S.
such as t ..Ei, + imiiuli:.lt, may :-1Ã:' :1~Ã.=~" LS: f~i~ S:~.i?L::r rt..E.~-~stvi~ +', s~i~Sti~~ as ry.F~~. air ~:=4~' Zber 526. E~c.'F-.Lt:-i.~.ia~fY Ãk? ~. ..Sa s l~.'::~.
~rLl~i'"= L. t ii ~"~ . . . ~? . . . .
i? ! 1101.;i :j :yt.ceJ0 Ã? i.`f the intL..,,,z3:'.3LS ,d i:7rc i~i t 51 ~ Sh oi.v .S` wi o Ã.it I .1#it <Ff ul:1e pait of a h<Iit.b t.'#
J;,, thZ. 60, l~it+.ri 5Ã+8, thÃ:= side tZf ::<:3::Ã?I7.d 6hc`'1r,,3:e1 578, tl~c membrane 564 ., :? .(;t'il:~'#?
of llIi vL31x assi r3?3_?ly ; '0, t'lic ri.i?fd b()d'J 520 a;:=aT1 lu}' =''.
wn i' , . r. i `.~`t~:K#';~is of fLsh f~~']s~~.";
tiibov: t-3 1'.~7.Ii, ~i.t,:~ as i4 ~,~.kÃi3 :~i)~].-1: I mm. ~'l'=v`:S,I~)3~=
I'~3i.:=~.a'~3r`..l.le 564 c.~Z~6;'? .. f:~Ã~: back L?l`
th4 AiM).CS body ..~~20a ?ie..=34.i:.m_ion4, iI3.stCad L?f oT1c or ?Zle'i`e of tile cb:i'sxmi,`~~ ~`~`.
ee g fi3 .Ãn~x3 h:
In ffik i;~Od' `3Ã)dv 518, a til:?e is coi.7f,li`t;ted directly t7 a -fo`sl'~.i.~t'e in E'31C, ;;i;-Ill.t b:#d". Fi3:d' . ~>:Swmnpk .134wcif., of n~i?r#::11.1i", second a;:=liaI.iF.ivt 578, tube 594t7 G:i:1 be L.o.EInoC. a.`: ditet:0ti Eo "he air mfoas-4 chamber 526.
in son-ac ,.mp~en,.runt;:3tion:15 the in4aguaYelf. C'.irada 532has two r3Hi'Les"W::s. 3 kIL.'- first <~~a ^~ : . ~ ^ ~ :`t~ i~;~. ~i~~~:~?~ 3~ side 1~ as ~~;,~~`, ,L~i i~:~~t?~
Ã:~, ~'.,.L,. :>~:~;(~I~i~ rigid ~Ã{~v .r .~~:.k:g. Ã,.#.3.::G.~+~ ,::~~ l~
:,.: ~3~r,,,~, ngs lZ?C.atc:33a4je#cc-,at to t33e po)C:t-<:~s formed Ã3.1 ti-ii: ~3.r:a~s:&. 11t:
e}p4.Ã'~..1;{a^F`, are covered wF::i? is -alE;n1i`?I"an'L'`', fi,a sf3rnc imp~emoniatrons, tl.tL i,.ategra#ed Lircu:Ã 512 has posts that uxt:encl .mm.
oi1+`.' or 's31of'L sides ()f ~~ac circuit. ~~~he p;Jst,~ Cai'l #i"3.atL' wTfin recesses in theninhh-w;
tns{.Ã3'Ã,:g colTei I -eA.,?st3ai:On of the ?tIlt',~,e.S.tfC,d CIrcuÃt 512 1vi'tfa d:fik.E'3.3pone:3ts, y#.F..:h 4i5 `ux1sC}a';+, I1, ffii' E3.t<FE>biÃ^rt:. In sornC> M1~~leil-leÃ.ta[,t'+t4s, ffi:' :zÃlte~?Ic3Wd circuit -',, 12 has ,.;tch,fl:;, clips ~~ other wLi..~, Zs =e4 v~;1sÃ~'zyÃ~z .Ã~ 1~Ãi.= z 1.Ã-t1L,,~;F'~31~a~~
<- circuit 5 1a.< `~X . ` . ~c,.y:
Ã~ ~:~3.r~. ~.L ~.~ÃÃ' ~L 4=i~d% >~ fsilv a>2 .a:;i3Ã 3~u= :~a~~, aÃ;i:ki+3g '~.~t3L Ãx-itE >>nated L.:#"c'u#t 512 1;i place.
T>.3L. 3]'t'iÃc,j?nL'' can i have ai"21eo}tfÃnTs`,Ã"9. .h%R.t. ho'ld5 d'ie ÃI:t{vg''atE==d a;rou>t #.a p:k..L,c... Th.0 m"Gchalm1..,, e.'n ?F?.E:=luise: a door, t'r it)4~kb1g device or 3:
st14t:E?:3. Cle'v`Sce -ri : ,h:3l; 3ni; fho iÃ.:ES.L.fi.rai4M c:rcLri..>= AÃl bght covtaL.twith ttic mav:,~ine. Whell the integrated cÃ,E.utt is SL.LiteCf.
20 IIW the a.Dwdh#-?:ie, ftY;G:il.;i? traÃ:`dut;GÃ,"a 3ntL,: 'ffii:=t.'=
ti=4'I~'th ihf I e??:zblC; backing to dÃ,et=rl5=:
nmaSul'Ã; ..t-io flu i d rvas"t3ri: ziI E`acii of ttl=t; ct7:trC'spE3i:dt:7g t{3c2).aariS;
,,~.2~c;.i:.ià k "hf; Ã'IitCa~;Ã'ac":~:~:
CÃF.L.i.1Ãt i3 o+?F;ii1dk wtth the mc3c>Ii.I1t, f1llC`.+%v:i the pILsh,.ari;
taa11:+du( :'Ã";, to 4e1.isd.. a>i:?i1' fl3i't;Ã.E~?fi:
ti-It, t:l>i;lÃ#. õ Oil.t..t'.' 1"hC.? 2ztW'~z~'';'i2t<:d fluid 6.rc1.E.1. is pl11ggf'.Cl into the ,`a`:ai.N >t', ;.'.,3t.3 C:'{:3i2Ix,Aa=='.'C:
21 y~5 .}a~
w:tli EJ ) i cS]Ze.,~' ,1 ~( ){.) Wl~i}ipF~~'.~l``~=
~i~.E\'1tt {' an ( 4 \34?L}`iA~~~' j )1Y Ui;l Cz the ag1 [~{t. ~`t~..it 1~I47 4,id.~,ri.f ca[+p[ '~~(!{i rL4~ ( }'y~ )c<= S .i~T a manner F)i~V A310.t'w:Z~.~ A.fR~Z 4i1~ ~"I \~~4' .~f t ~~sn4.\
~.='.sÃ~~~`~~.Ã' ::~r ~:.h~.= Ã.3a~:~i3~. of ! using ~he circuit 4l-iiÃ:4`nbf:Ã' 230, C`fGSct'3bet: above.
As ra=.Ãff3 the .Ii:, se'e~.<ss0 cht~~aber 2130,1iau rigid bL~dy. 5 -8 is constraa.,:.CI ofa t_'iLe-.S.6.`-s?.i g3.odv raa.?tet'tal.. 'I.lli, flo,Y:iblL.' backing is constructed fo:n a po:y-mie., flo<J.t lw.
fleCpoli; i31'/d :1z..:; ,AL ftf, 3i1C:dit.al Uye, 41:E:4.;I). as i=3_I'!
'.lz~~toI11e1'., If:4l1 : :1g SIa#.z:.t.; ::2:;btmfei.'l-S.
~ n ~ ~~:,, r ~ . < < <>~~::~Yl~~.~~. ~iti t~3~:~:i:.:a3,~i~;:~~i ~.lIs ~~a~::~i~it:,.:~Ã<r .,~t ~ Ftt~i~ low t~,..t:~;tti,, ? ~ i.ls~ ~:4} r,=r~,e F
r:4 2 tt =.t~,~ z~:3~.' >._ Z~L s.lQas;;tR= ~Jt~3 ~~ i;~:~'L 3~S1li~1~. sL''.s3`.. ..Fi1it'.=lZ Ii1L~t1ct . y[4 i.;',~", or ~:;.:llti~.~.r. :4 `t G.::i t>~~~
: . . ,. .
P<Z'i,yamw`de''`, 'ne"2m.:4. .iillamc~.~^l or o1hei-maLeSiGY:ls 4.~~~i-im md~,e kmmn in .Jc3C: art fto flexible .72 appiiiwaÃizsns. 11he backing, is a.itÃ::i+.vlivd to the back of ffiw rigid boc;y 518, ~:..~..> as by laser, n~triti<;i3:L%oI RF N'k'i:1i::?ilg or :S .ffi an adhesive. In some Ãii:plen2f.'i:Ã:ilt .S.?>iS, flDL ¾;a4k>71rr ?S
atia4.~"#wd so ' i?<:'% the cdge of each Ã:i:us4 is sealed to tlA{N` baC,k:-ng. Al'~em1it?Rcry; tilL
'i3e.ic.,i#3{ is attached, only at flw edr~.$,c Ã:sf ti3c rigid body. If thLback#:.1g does not seal fl-iF:=
fi~?i~` the >~.i1'i portions, ~~#G Ãi#.'tl~=~Ibns 1i1tC ~~h ioa: ~~L
ii?t4~;i'rf~iE ~~ 3w}a:i ilA'~:~#,Ã~i~ ~L.=:`~ iS
i1 ~,v c{.?#rst#. uc#.C;d xi3 _1pp. v ~,Ãiffl"1ei3t Pa 4syt3;:i tÃ) k4ethe i;' i, a flowing th'ir) z;;~ t;F?` <".#1'*.,~Ã~t fr:f#2`
zoaRÃIS,:i out of `il,C :t:f.4 c5 ? and b~.'twfi.'C:"i Iffic b:3.C'.<k#.n~, a#:tJ ibt, flca. ::#.t-#'fe~ce 520. ii~S the bt:#::?'L
#:3f tJ?t.'~ .i'.iEad pi;rfioÃz 5 1 8, iad;tis.S caYi be formed which su,.$?,:#:nd tili'- ;'eci.:s1o:). > hw#fi. g5.'.:~^
can e.1,iid ?.i3 s+~.":133#'?ws th.-.U ..iLx;lble sÃlcõIlbrani: to the flat portion 5 1.S when "s?iGm.-#?c i: ~`,.~1pl#:fY'<3 'iC tE_s tize dae:=iÃ.:;:.
In sC3'vu tTije;ct:i?i't S1.te8 598 are f0mas~ s'.3"^> one oI'#.ac#'e of ~~~e r`~-'~[.e 5:;~::'~~': ? S~<`. :#s ], Ã:t>%`~Ã. sItC`s 598 i.:;Li13 be used to li;jef:<t drugs or 5ohitÃo ;h ;I.'t;,i the fl.3iii.
h.i'C.hii?`ieL.d:EC+ `vo.#i bi..
s:L#itaE:je i3j~..'5..timi sites 598 ii.#'C'. &rmed of nl;oprL.n'~.'' gsiS.i4e.:~i?'fto, ~'='~~
1nErsÃdv,,a:.'cd i13:}z~, ;E,.".n;.iz'tt.d .`s:3 that ilic w'tlskets do 1it?t ledk, or Evcep after %I1L: 33cedeeL::= is .
e ? ~'~`i :`tÃ3 v+`,'vi.
Fli.i `37 ;hC>w;i a pe:i',3p#..ctiv+. }fi'iv of the integrated flu.#G c#;
c1,#t. :`.i '. As l#.. FIt:::
'Ã~ the flexible ,1waTibaat1e l7.is bee27. removed i'Ã'.?t21 the EIite;RÃ`ated flt3.it3 clu'L..:r 5 12 to sl3<;w-flW iei=E'S:iS;s.
~_~ ~#Ã~`? E}lti ~:`.: .:C.~~=i3~f ~:~a<~#Ã1'~~C'1`S :~i'~i l`i~ f ~~ ~li :'G>ÃÃ 1F,3 m. C,`4.tracw?,.' C3rL'`td bli::++?3. A..-1`'tlÃ1 v.
T
inhibits { `g, .~~x`t+..vv.).. blood a~E_ '~4.~ t~1#C~r~`a.rÃ` '~
z~'~~'+.n.i'i;Ee..~. ~ . ~ cf~
t~: ,,`E,~ t.~, .i' x~#'`~!Ãil ~`~~'1 Ã..# r ii7~i7t~,iE.?
air l,.i ta;t: ~? iÃ3`~~ti #' ci$n edt#i t. t:lc': li~4ehhf)i?d of fEiÃ
iI3%Iln clots in tl'IC bxii<?d. #.: :hw t"t'#I
:uhs,t >hi:re. <4 aI:i`.in f~*;.3C:=blt?od befib3`c 0i<'. blood m.it\ tli~:~
6;.#i3n3e>uÃ'. 2a i1?d#'`mpA?t?: ii:
pC.s,U..i:i ;-nL#.?`#i'.+Ã"iki1c wad a vent tiYT'tlC:tl?#'e ::E J:<' tt7E3 of the .,z"iaix3bt... :~~low.. :i;a tht2L enters v-5..4'chamb; tiS}o5'V2-4per The m'uvmbrCLm4 and ter3,t structure aepan. of or t ` i"sam-ota'E'i d#1'ewz>sr` to i,..e air Iele<l:'st, r,:lamber. This -a,`ÃlJws the air to, eas.fl:j= Ghmix from ti;i, liquid `.~#ll::Gi 4haiJlbL>. +I'liL34, l.'f1es, need d7i:st be connected to the top of tÃ.e O:iaii3:'?e;' is3-r m#hzdre i4 3 g :iK: ftom fliÃ: 6i': Li1t.
,:i ;.e. sei# S-eõi;a~~K vclli. 4txucture of thw vent asse-n~~ly >.~~~~~bits, (e,g:., ?.Gvints) l1-ÃoIs.-#z`'i3 i::' i'.W1i;01Sx:3.l.On ..t'dx2n i;i-l #.lt ' The Ie?#ci-ts 3i Ci3I? litse i's ability t[? -vfÃzt efficiently if it gwt` WG L On }ut.`,<?i?. tile ~ i?i~.= 1' can ri k.,'~'':= rJ:~i_ l.~'w3t.', ti? ~:sC~;i,,:_a~~~"7Ã1~, ~ f4 ' t4t, ~~'~rt _~.~ ` a nlc:>A ~~'~ allow ~ blood r~~ tF. ~ o.:4=:.f~: ~r=: ~"
3 ;.~~,3;"~.3`.Ã~ tt'':
3~i3.r+.F4..~ > ''~S~ ,i=,.i :~(i~ t.c D
ttiL '' Cio vent structure of the v-:TIx asst.Y7'lb::i` f:iiil 1nbibit t.<_ g . prevent) the I~D:cto 7o,<:313:':~ -mem:bd'aFi0 ftt;i ` ??eie# ag wet a.i]d leaking blood to :ho txi.lts.t;e r}3'c chamber. IgI :ht, evlc~n that the :~~em1-sra.ne fails, sucliz}: due t0 a puÃzQtaro. tlu;d pas',~-'-Ã>>
. ;.. .
'#.~~~.If ~.34;3''~ to t.~1:o 1'~. 2~t .i~.~"3.ia..t~~I'L'~, .~~}~ i'F'.~1;.t St~~E~t:~ti.:l`c St'F'S:ll.S ii3:i~Fi 3~t t7EvC:i3~'2~+:5 wet. 3hw ttvoi.~.,'~e`;
'u vent si7'Uitt,Ei'L iia;mbttS (*C.g. p:evcI1ts) blood '{rz?i3t `,eanii#.g L?:Asid4= of (h+.: 6k:f':I.Eli't and Ãm-:;
the atmowpha',I oc 11le chasr,bei is first x~~~~d with ~~~~ine before ~);.ng fiffled ~~lood", The i:;r3.?n:3bi'<r I3FiC a sIEff".CiLM be;lat So t.iY:i idllL:=r the and bsoo'', i3r;.t ..na.:;3dtaQed #i.#,f} .Js+.,'.=
à "3 wnb+'i' the ,_<:`;..iTw is ..kLi?t'~ near ~ilf.' top of the calilt-,~.?.i3f,'.i and the blood i`.~ loce..;o3. i~~.=<3:?
the bl.s:io}I?, and little mixing 'i_?l~flii: two llqtlÃd3 t?col?'I's. Ie-ic >:fJ.int; irli~ib.^:S r=,.:.g>> pri :'ents,3 mf:x~f of tl-te ~3e`~33izS15 #ndte blood froI~l~'~, %o1..tc1L=R.ia~ ti-ic ItlT"s`,::t?-ptstÃSLi's iz3~,`F3"zbrai;%? of .:~~e -ve':1t i:sSLnlz ly at the top of -fi7[e c`ii'i3i11bf.'=r. IfpI'ot`4 la t1:c'C.=L:a7`tdE~tcs o,l thC: T' Az 31-E#-~nr.E}u:i ~:~ ~EI~~33s~#t~, ~~':L 3~~E=3~~~ ~~1~~'~ 3'iydaoi)a3+.)ble, priJpert3f ; can be,I.LilIib:tk'd. t.i-at is. Ã,Y.ne tnenlbam:.' can wet, 'f11i,tv1ng l1q-LtiEi '$d.+ leak fr(_)ili inside #.t3e chxfnr :. . ' ou`;..ÃS.c tlhE;
"hi1mba. A.#iso, if p$'4.`:k:lf3 cis.leC;t5on the m4=m3'?'z`e.tlle, the ,iici1ibrc1iie mmy beS...tnne at .a..~lc9i ,n,y,'` air to p4is.} .1bt i:>u.gh. !`Xi\ks, a ::tuffiZ.F enfl`7 Contf ~.:S44fS2:rl\ s Cd?S:Z 1p s the al i110 to :~t<3w,.~'~:?ti'.~ `slt I};E~,`,=' top, $'i3h1 i~lvit~a ne`.~, ~.~T~~.v1,1:"F n;:`,~.?I'WS'..1d''+ fi.'4Dm 4::,'. tl`.+c, 3:Y1:_!3-lbs %I11?:, :
A t..ms 3r, ~hechailiboT ~~et'ii='~,i:n il3C'= cIiE7'v 2.ild exit ports :nay 3rovii:+. ,, si.i:'} ~cc fi`t"
2 0 mit;r(+~+~ubG}kos to G:f:E:,E$:naEliit<'. :F rlernii~,~rf>E.~ubbd~~~w'^
in the blood iii.`i.EZ%then esY.z,i?fithrf?ugh pFi.:
iha:,ibL" iadhu:` than paSs1?.4: thrC?E:"g)7 ~~~c exit port. Ri;.JucFng c.,ot >s) ;1a..Etlaon and ;vdt2c:M-f i:.:~.~ ~~~ x::.i1, ,~aC,Za-~.z ~ 14r f(#' .7. t.} ..{ ~ { F1~h[ t1.y.4 e.
T~iw r s~~V E.3:a:.. ~:~.: ~ x t ~.iILts ~:~~a:
, s >(~ ~ yi~~tÃ~3~ EII3Z~t~f~ ~(1 ~:I.iC3l~~t I Tq.t.d :^ 1,Ep a... it Ãs _3.+. t:ilan;3b :=i c''io t.~~'.eE31. tl10 1 i tLu #d:i.r 's$n. d a fi L 4,c scs tI.;t=<:=}. i~g wthe :it,.aiaf4, s334` iitlt immWiateiy px:?b:;=d out of tht', 5,:h:3,fnbf',T" bot{?t'~ the , ci.~s i.elt~ O~capC> C}u" t(s the top of Placing ~`~~ such as a pocket for ia3iii g pre'~~u"m chaaaf.:s. .. . . . . . .
.. -for flu`.d 11~'11=v and, the a1rrt,.:ll.rase chambay ii-i4.oa M.no..lk intCati:iatO6 :if.Eld"6:Esu.Fv,2i IyZ
3:"?11ltipi#.'õt :ai,.pe3_mt#d QC>izpo1]eis:'4. I'L'`=we:' cC11npE'>ni:n:'s uy%> e71;il3:,,. for an opu;.Ettl?I' tf3 i4'f3rk i' t~ i' '~ r = ~(T ~1<^ a ~ r* a S~ .E:?~r 'ti3~2 i~z~t~ ~~i..'t~~. .~~G risk .f.f` Z?~3i~Ã'~:i~i:f?i' ~:~`~~~~". +1 ~2~:
l1~~4:"~;d~~.~~f'c'~ x~~~.tl~ t~lF`~:<?~~. z~#.:a.: ~~;:t~~ ..,f:.~ Ã' the ~~~`#il( ct>i,~~~~~si:tF3i~y and ~`z xi~1~~ ~~}~rtt~?~~s tll~. i:lIE~~'\
~\~~ ;::~~ Isatw p1t:'~SwrE== i91` 101':3F7S:.'i3Wre F11ei3si.ITfi.<ra3%#":.o. F,.:3til<.7', #zho po+:kciti trk the k? i,'.{3n >zuIaIC.=all 011 :F1tL~rsitL''=C~ i }'#'c:`a,i#t C,Ãi71>~31<~:St' t~i+~'. a3i:=i'~. fo:C
~:~1`a .stiE~il'E. 34 :s. i:3g I fF:`~'s ..i~ .:~.%1~~
w1:J1 the Ãoti a3;f e t ham:.~m The wompt'.+5ic'tii,, diescIibed ',`~ .L=TLSr3. cml bc used with f}YhC:r l'sixutd`, :+t?iõa> as j3laSii3:z, wi3.t<'.'I', 3i1l i1<%. oYani~ i>'ihf.. Tnof."':7i:al. I-ILiIiAs, s"5.ddi:T.oi`:.c.Elli'; 3xqLs;d2i C3"?a``r Ei(2in. siia.le :?e l,=-ll-c~fa :3 to piilne iiC', sySti,. =F~1. N3...:=L?>diF3~d;b. t5t-t2or E.'il:b<3dInws.St,--, '+,iT`*:,', wi[i3i.> i:i'ic 4ci>lN >_ ..`t:1e folaow:i7lf: d:ii3T:4.
"-~
Claims (45)
1. An extracorporeal medical fluid circuit component, comprising:
a vent assembly comprising:
a micro-porous membrane; and a vent structure adjacent to the micro-porous membrane, the vent structure comprises a porous material capable of swelling when moistened, wherein the component is capable of being used in an extracorporeal medical fluid circuit.
a vent assembly comprising:
a micro-porous membrane; and a vent structure adjacent to the micro-porous membrane, the vent structure comprises a porous material capable of swelling when moistened, wherein the component is capable of being used in an extracorporeal medical fluid circuit.
2. The component of claim 1, wherein the vent structure has an average pore size of about 15 microns to about 45 microns.
3. The component of claim 1, wherein the vent structure includes polyethylene, polypropylene or polystyrene.
4. The component of claim 1, wherein the vent structure includes carboxymethylcellulose.
5. The component of claim 1, wherein the vent structure includes a blend of polyethelene and carboxymethylcellulose.
6. The component of claim 1, wherein the vent structure has a thickness greater than a thickness of the micro-porous membrane.
7. The component of claim 1, wherein the micro-porous membrane has an average pore size of about 0.05 microns to about 0.45 microns.
8. The component of claim 1, wherein the micro-porous membrane has an average pore size of about 0.2 microns.
9. The component of claim 1, wherein the micro-porous membrane is held by a ring and the assembly further comprises an insert configured to hold the micro-porous filter adjacent to the vent structure.
10. The component of claim 1, further comprising a ring into which the micro-porous membrane is press-fit, wherein the ring surrounds the vent structure and retains the vent structure adjacent to the micro-porous membrane.
11. The component of claim 1, wherein the vent structure comprises:
a first porous layer; and a second porous layer comprising a porous material capable of swelling when moistened, wherein the first porous layer is disposed between the micro-porous membrane and the second porous layer.
a first porous layer; and a second porous layer comprising a porous material capable of swelling when moistened, wherein the first porous layer is disposed between the micro-porous membrane and the second porous layer.
12. The component of claim 11, wherein the first porous layer comprises a porous material capable of swelling when moistened, and wherein the second porous layer has a greater propensity to swell in the presence of moisture than the first porous layer.
13. The component of claim 11, wherein the first porous layer has an average pore size of about 5 microns to about 45 microns.
14. The component of claim 11, wherein the first porous layer has an average pore size of about 10 microns.
15. The component of claim 11, wherein the second porous layer has an average pore size of about 15 to about 45 microns.
16. The component of claim 11, wherein the second porous layer has an average pore size of about 30 microns.
17. The component of claim 11, wherein the second porous layer has an average pore size that is greater than an average pore size of the first porous layer.
18. The component of claim 11, wherein the second porous layer comprises about 5%
to about 50% by weight carboxymethylcellulose.
to about 50% by weight carboxymethylcellulose.
19. The component of claim 11, wherein the first porous layer comprises about 0% to about 10% carboxymethylcellulose.
20. The component of claim 11, wherein the first porous layer comprises less than 5%
carboxymethylcellulose.
carboxymethylcellulose.
21. The component of claim 1, wherein the component is configured for use in an air release chamber.
22. The component of claim 1, wherein the component is configured for use in a transducer protector.
23. The component of claim 1, wherein the component is capable of being used in a blood circuit.
24. The component of claim 23, wherein the blood circuit is capable of being used with a dialysis machine.
25. A transducer protector comprising:
a body defining a fluid pathway; and a vent assembly disposed within the fluid pathway, the vent assembly comprising a micro-porous membrane; and a vent structure adjacent to the micro-porous membrane, the vent structure comprises a porous material capable of swelling when moistened, wherein the transducer protector is capable of being connected in fluid communication with a fluid circuit and a pressure transducer such that the vent assembly inhibits liquid flowing within the fluid circuit from contacting the pressure transducer.
a body defining a fluid pathway; and a vent assembly disposed within the fluid pathway, the vent assembly comprising a micro-porous membrane; and a vent structure adjacent to the micro-porous membrane, the vent structure comprises a porous material capable of swelling when moistened, wherein the transducer protector is capable of being connected in fluid communication with a fluid circuit and a pressure transducer such that the vent assembly inhibits liquid flowing within the fluid circuit from contacting the pressure transducer.
26. An extracorporeal medical fluid circuit apparatus, comprising:
a chamber including a fluid entry port and a fluid exit port; and a vent assembly comprising:
a micro-porous membrane; and a vent structure adjacent to the micro-porous membrane, the vent structure comprising a porous material capable of swelling when moistened, wherein the fluid entry port and the fluid exit port are arranged to allow liquid to pass through the chamber from the fluid entry port to the fluid exit port so as to fill the chamber with the liquid, and wherein the vent assembly is arranged to allow gas to exit the chamber as the liquid passes through the chamber.
a chamber including a fluid entry port and a fluid exit port; and a vent assembly comprising:
a micro-porous membrane; and a vent structure adjacent to the micro-porous membrane, the vent structure comprising a porous material capable of swelling when moistened, wherein the fluid entry port and the fluid exit port are arranged to allow liquid to pass through the chamber from the fluid entry port to the fluid exit port so as to fill the chamber with the liquid, and wherein the vent assembly is arranged to allow gas to exit the chamber as the liquid passes through the chamber.
27. An integrated fluid circuit component adapted to removably seat in a dialysis machine, comprising:
a rigid body having a substantially flat main portion and a plurality of recessed portions extending from the flat main portion, the plurality of recessed portions comprising a first recessed portion forming a chamber, a second recessed portion forming a first channel that is in fluid communication with the chamber, and a third recessed portion of the forming a second channel in fluid communication with the chamber;
a flexible backing covering at least one of the of recessed portions; and a vent assembly in fluid communication with the chamber, wherein the vent assembly includes a micro-porous membrane and a vent structure.
a rigid body having a substantially flat main portion and a plurality of recessed portions extending from the flat main portion, the plurality of recessed portions comprising a first recessed portion forming a chamber, a second recessed portion forming a first channel that is in fluid communication with the chamber, and a third recessed portion of the forming a second channel in fluid communication with the chamber;
a flexible backing covering at least one of the of recessed portions; and a vent assembly in fluid communication with the chamber, wherein the vent assembly includes a micro-porous membrane and a vent structure.
28. The component of claim 27, wherein the micro-porous membrane is between the vent structure and the chamber.
29. The component of claim 27, wherein the vent structure comprises porous material capable of swelling when moistened.
30. The component of claim 27, wherein the vent structure has an average pore size of about 15 microns to about 45 microns.
31. The component of claim 27, wherein the vent structure includes polyethylene, polypropylene, or polystyrene.
32. The component of claim 27, wherein the vent structure includes carboxymethylcellulose.
33. The component of claim 27, wherein the vent structure includes a blend of polyethelene and carboxymethylcellulose.
34. The component of claim 27, wherein the vent structure has a thickness greater than a thickness of the micro-porous membrane.
35. The component of claim 27, wherein the vent structure comprises:
a first porous layer; and a second porous layer comprising a material capable of swelling when moistened, wherein the first porous layer is disposed between the micro-porous membrane and the second porous layer.
a first porous layer; and a second porous layer comprising a material capable of swelling when moistened, wherein the first porous layer is disposed between the micro-porous membrane and the second porous layer.
36. The component of claim 35, wherein the second porous layer has an average pore size that is greater than an average pore size of the first porous layer.
37. The component of claim 35, wherein the first porous layer has an average pore size of about 10 microns and the second porous layer has an average pore size of about 30 microns.
38. The component of claim 35, wherein the second porous layer comprises about 5%
to about 50% by weight carboxymethylcellulose.
to about 50% by weight carboxymethylcellulose.
39. The component of claim 35, wherein the first porous layer comprises about 0% to about 10% carboxymethylcellulose.
40. The component of claim 35, wherein the first porous layer comprises less that 5%
carboxymethylcellulose.
carboxymethylcellulose.
41. A dialysis system, comprising:
a machine body;
a pump on the machine body;
fluid circuitry in fluid communication with the pump, wherein the pump is configured to push fluid through the circuitry;
a vent assembly in fluid communication with the fluid circuitry, the vent assembly comprising:
a micro-porous membrane; and a vent structure adjacent to the micro-porous membrane, the vent structure comprises a porous material capable of swelling when moistened.
a machine body;
a pump on the machine body;
fluid circuitry in fluid communication with the pump, wherein the pump is configured to push fluid through the circuitry;
a vent assembly in fluid communication with the fluid circuitry, the vent assembly comprising:
a micro-porous membrane; and a vent structure adjacent to the micro-porous membrane, the vent structure comprises a porous material capable of swelling when moistened.
42. The dialysis system of claim 41, further comprising;
a chamber in fluid communication with the circuitry adjacent to the machine body, the chamber comprising:
a fluid entry port, and a fluid exit port, wherein the circuitry is configured to allow liquid to pass through the chamber from the entry port to the exit port so as to fill the chamber with the liquid, and wherein the vent assembly is arranged to allow gas to exit the chamber through the vent assembly as the liquid passes through the chamber.
a chamber in fluid communication with the circuitry adjacent to the machine body, the chamber comprising:
a fluid entry port, and a fluid exit port, wherein the circuitry is configured to allow liquid to pass through the chamber from the entry port to the exit port so as to fill the chamber with the liquid, and wherein the vent assembly is arranged to allow gas to exit the chamber through the vent assembly as the liquid passes through the chamber.
43. The dialysis system of claim 41 , further comprising:
a pressure transducer; and a transducer protector disposed between, and in fluid communication with, the circuitry and the pressure transducer, wherein the transducer protector comprises the vent assembly.
a pressure transducer; and a transducer protector disposed between, and in fluid communication with, the circuitry and the pressure transducer, wherein the transducer protector comprises the vent assembly.
44. A method of removing air from a bodily liquid in dialysis circuitry, comprising:
providing a chamber comprising an entry port, an exit port, a micro-porous membrane and a vent structure;
passing a first liquid through the entry port, filling the chamber so that substantially no air remains in the chamber; and passing a second liquid through the entry port, forcing a portion of the first liquid out of the exit port of the vertical chamber and forming a liquid-liquid interface between the first and second liquids.
providing a chamber comprising an entry port, an exit port, a micro-porous membrane and a vent structure;
passing a first liquid through the entry port, filling the chamber so that substantially no air remains in the chamber; and passing a second liquid through the entry port, forcing a portion of the first liquid out of the exit port of the vertical chamber and forming a liquid-liquid interface between the first and second liquids.
45. The method of claim 44, wherein passing the second liquid through the entry port includes passing moisture from the second liquid through the micro-porous membrane and allowing the moisture to pass through the vent structure, causing the vent structure to swell.
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| US97373007P | 2007-09-19 | 2007-09-19 | |
| US60/973,730 | 2007-09-19 | ||
| PCT/US2008/076830 WO2009039259A1 (en) | 2007-09-19 | 2008-09-18 | Safety vent structure for extracorporeal circuit |
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|---|---|
| CA2698408A1 true CA2698408A1 (en) | 2009-03-26 |
| CA2698408C CA2698408C (en) | 2015-11-03 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2698408A Active CA2698408C (en) | 2007-09-19 | 2008-09-18 | Safety vent structure for extracorporeal circuit |
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| US (2) | US7938967B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2214753B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP5295249B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN101868262B (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2008302306B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2698408C (en) |
| MX (2) | MX341535B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2009039259A1 (en) |
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-
2008
- 2008-09-18 JP JP2010525961A patent/JP5295249B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-09-18 MX MX2013006051A patent/MX341535B/en unknown
- 2008-09-18 CN CN2008801167688A patent/CN101868262B/en active Active
- 2008-09-18 CA CA2698408A patent/CA2698408C/en active Active
- 2008-09-18 MX MX2010003106A patent/MX2010003106A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2008-09-18 EP EP08831735.9A patent/EP2214753B1/en active Active
- 2008-09-18 AU AU2008302306A patent/AU2008302306B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2008-09-18 WO PCT/US2008/076830 patent/WO2009039259A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-09-18 US US12/233,111 patent/US7938967B2/en active Active
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- 2011-05-05 US US13/101,500 patent/US8187466B2/en active Active
Also Published As
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|---|---|
| US8187466B2 (en) | 2012-05-29 |
| CN101868262A (en) | 2010-10-20 |
| AU2008302306B2 (en) | 2013-10-03 |
| JP5295249B2 (en) | 2013-09-18 |
| EP2214753A1 (en) | 2010-08-11 |
| MX2010003106A (en) | 2010-04-09 |
| EP2214753B1 (en) | 2014-09-03 |
| WO2009039259A1 (en) | 2009-03-26 |
| US20090071911A1 (en) | 2009-03-19 |
| CN101868262B (en) | 2013-11-06 |
| US7938967B2 (en) | 2011-05-10 |
| AU2008302306A1 (en) | 2009-03-26 |
| CA2698408C (en) | 2015-11-03 |
| JP2010538801A (en) | 2010-12-16 |
| US20110210054A1 (en) | 2011-09-01 |
| MX341535B (en) | 2016-08-24 |
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