CA2636808A1 - Toner compositions - Google Patents

Toner compositions Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2636808A1
CA2636808A1 CA002636808A CA2636808A CA2636808A1 CA 2636808 A1 CA2636808 A1 CA 2636808A1 CA 002636808 A CA002636808 A CA 002636808A CA 2636808 A CA2636808 A CA 2636808A CA 2636808 A1 CA2636808 A1 CA 2636808A1
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CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
poly
toner particles
styrene
butadiene
atomic percent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CA002636808A
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
CA2636808C (en
Inventor
Karen A. Moffat
Juan A. Morales-Tirado
Thomas P. Debies
William H. Hollenbaugh, Jr.
Emily L. Moore
Nancy S. Hunt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Xerox Corp
Original Assignee
Xerox Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Xerox Corp filed Critical Xerox Corp
Publication of CA2636808A1 publication Critical patent/CA2636808A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA2636808C publication Critical patent/CA2636808C/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/0821—Developers with toner particles characterised by physical parameters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/20—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat
    • G03G15/2003—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat using heat
    • G03G15/2014—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat using heat using contact heat
    • G03G15/2053—Structural details of heat elements, e.g. structure of roller or belt, eddy current, induction heating
    • G03G15/2057—Structural details of heat elements, e.g. structure of roller or belt, eddy current, induction heating relating to the chemical composition of the heat element and layers thereof
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/0802—Preparation methods
    • G03G9/0804—Preparation methods whereby the components are brought together in a liquid dispersing medium
    • G03G9/0806—Preparation methods whereby the components are brought together in a liquid dispersing medium whereby chemical synthesis of at least one of the toner components takes place
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/0802—Preparation methods
    • G03G9/0808—Preparation methods by dry mixing the toner components in solid or softened state
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/0825—Developers with toner particles characterised by their structure; characterised by non-homogenuous distribution of components
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/0827—Developers with toner particles characterised by their shape, e.g. degree of sphericity
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
    • G03G9/08702—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • G03G9/08704—Polyalkenes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
    • G03G9/08702—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • G03G9/08706—Polymers of alkenyl-aromatic compounds
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
    • G03G9/08702—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • G03G9/08706—Polymers of alkenyl-aromatic compounds
    • G03G9/08708—Copolymers of styrene
    • G03G9/08711—Copolymers of styrene with esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
    • G03G9/08702—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • G03G9/08726—Polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof
    • G03G9/08733—Polymers of unsaturated polycarboxylic acids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
    • G03G9/08742—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • G03G9/08755—Polyesters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
    • G03G9/08775—Natural macromolecular compounds or derivatives thereof
    • G03G9/08782—Waxes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
    • G03G9/08784—Macromolecular material not specially provided for in a single one of groups G03G9/08702 - G03G9/08775
    • G03G9/08793—Crosslinked polymers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
    • G03G9/08784—Macromolecular material not specially provided for in a single one of groups G03G9/08702 - G03G9/08775
    • G03G9/08797—Macromolecular material not specially provided for in a single one of groups G03G9/08702 - G03G9/08775 characterised by their physical properties, e.g. viscosity, solubility, melting temperature, softening temperature, glass transition temperature
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G2215/00—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes
    • G03G2215/06—Developing structures, details
    • G03G2215/0602—Developer

Abstract

Disclosed herein are emulsion aggregation toner particles having less than about 15 atomic percent oxygen in relation to a total atomic percent of 100 for all elements on the surface thereof. Such toner particles exhibit lower marks on print defects.

Claims (20)

1. Toner particles comprising a wax, a binder resin and a colorant, wherein a surface of the toner particles comprises less than 15 atomic percent oxygen in relation to a total atomic percent of 100 for all elements on the surface of the toner particles.
2. The toner particles of claim 1, wherein the surface of the toner particle is from an outer surface of the toner particles to a depth of from about 1 nm to about 7 nm.
3. The toner particles of claim 1, wherein the toner particles are emulsion aggregation toner particles.
4. The toner particles of claim 1, wherein the wax is an aliphatic wax, a polyethylene, a polypropylene, or mixtures thereof.
5. The toner particles of claim 1, wherein the binder resin comprises a high glass transition temperature latex and a gel latex.
6. The toner particles of claim 5, wherein the gel latex comprises from about 30 weight percent to about 99.9 weight percent styrene, from about 5 weight percent to about 50 weight percent butyl acrylate, from about 0.05 weight percent to about 15 weight percent of a carboxyl acid group containing monomer, and 0.25 weight percent to about 10 weight percent crosslinking agent.
7. The toner particles of claim 5, wherein the high glass transition temperature latex is selected from the group consisting of styrene acrylates, styrene methacrylates, butadienes, isoprene, acrylonitrile, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, beta-carboxyethylacrylate, polyesters, poly(styrene-butadiene), poly(methyl styrene-butadiene), poly(methyl methacrylate-butadiene), poly(ethyl methacrylate-butadiene), poly(propyl methacrylate-butadiene), poly(butyl methacrylate-butadiene), poly(methyl acrylate-butadiene), poly(ethyl acrylate-butadiene), poly(propyl acrylate-butadiene), poly(butyl acrylate-butadiene), poly(styrene-isoprene), poly(methyl styrene-isoprene), poly(methyl methacrylate-isoprene), poly(ethyl methacrylate-isoprene), poly(propyl methacrylate-isoprene), poly(butyl methacrylate-isoprene), poly(methyl acrylate-isoprene), poly(ethyl acrylate-isoprene), poly(propyl acrylate-isoprene), poly(butyl acrylate-isoprene); poly(styrene-propyl acrylate), poly(styrene-butyl acrylate), poly(styrene-butadiene-acrylic acid), poly(styrene-butadiene-methacrylic acid), poly(styrene-butyl acrylate-acrylic acid), poly(styrene-butyl acrylate-methacrylic acid), poly(styrene-butyl acrylate-acrylonitrile), poly(styrene-butyl acrylate-acrylonitrile-acrylic acid), and styrene/butyl acrylate/carboxylic acid terpolymers, styrene/butyl acrylate/beta-carboxyethylacrylate terpolymers, and mixtures thereof.
8. The toner particles of claim 1, wherein the binder resin comprises at least one polyester resin.
9. The toner particles of claim 8, wherein the polyester resin is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene-terephthalate, polypropylene-terephthalate, polybutylene-terephthalate, polypentylene-terephthalate, polyhexalene-terephthalate, polyheptadene-terephthalate, polyoctalene-terephthalate, polyethylene-sebacate, polypropylene sebacate, polybutylene-sebacate, polyethylene-adipate, polypropylene-adipate, polybutylene-adipate, polypentylene-adipate, polyhexalene-adipate, polyheptadene-adipate, polyoctalene-adipate, polyethylene-glutarate, polypropylene-glutarate, polybutylene-glutarate, polypentylene-glutarate, polyhexalene-glutarate, polyheptadene-glutarate, polyoctalene-glutarate polyethylene-pimelate, polypropylene-pimelate, polybutylene-pimelate, polypentylene-pimelate, polyhexalene-pimelate, polyheptadene-pimelate, poly(propoxylated bisphenol-fumarate), poly(propoxylated bisphenol-succinate), poly(propoxylated bisphenol-adipate), poly(propoxylated bisphenol-glutarate) and mixtures thereof.
10. The toner particles of claim 1, wherein the wax has a weight average molecular weight of from about 400 to 750 or from 750 to about 1000.
11. The toner particles of claim 10, wherein the weight average molecular weight of the wax is from about 400 to 750, and the atomic percent oxygen on the surface of the toner particles is from about 0 to about 9.
12. The toner particles of claim 10, wherein the weight average molecular weight of the wax is from 750 to about 1000, and the atomic percent oxygen on the surface of the toner particles is from about 5 to about 15.
13. The toner particles of claim 1, wherein the marks on copy print defect value is less than about 0.006 percent area coverage per page.
14. A process for making an emulsion aggregation toner particle, comprising:

mixing a binder resin, a wax and a colorant;
aggregating particles to a size from about 3 to about 20 microns;
halting the aggregation of the particles;
coalescing the particles to form toner particles; and measuring the atomic percent oxygen on a surface of the toner particles and controlling the atomic percent oxygen on the surface of the toner particles whereby the surface of the toner particles comprises less than 15 atomic percent oxygen in relation to a total atomic percent of 100 for all elements on the surface of the toner particle.
15. The process of claim 14, wherein the surface of the toner particle is from an outer surface of the toner particles to a depth of from about 1 nm to about 7 nm.
16. The process of claim 14, wherein controlling the atomic percent oxygen comprises altering the weight average molecular weight of the wax and/or altering a length of time of the coalescing.
17. An image forming process, comprising:
forming an electrostatic image on a photoconductive member;
developing the electrostatic image to form a visible image by depositing emulsion aggregation toner particles on a surface of the photoconductive member; and transferring the visible image to a substrate and fixing the visible image to the substrate with a fuser member;

wherein the emulsion/aggregation toner comprises a binder resin, a wax, and a colorant, wherein the surface of the toner particle comprises less than 15 atomic percent oxygen in relation to a total atomic percent of 100 for all elements on the surface of the toner particle, and wherein the fuser member is a hard fuser member or comprises a substrate and an outer layer comprising a fluoropolymer.
18. The image forming process of claim 17, wherein the surface of the toner particle is from an outer surface of the toner particles to a depth of from about 1 nm to about 7 nm.
19. The image forming process of claim 17, wherein the fuser member is a hard fuser member, and the atomic percent oxygen on the surface of the toner particles is from about 0 to about 9.
20. The image forming process of claim 17, wherein the fuser member comprises the substrate and the outer layer, and the atomic percent oxygen on the surface of the toner particles is from about 5 to about 15.
CA2636808A 2007-07-12 2008-07-04 Toner compositions Active CA2636808C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/776777 2007-07-12
US11/776,777 US7910276B2 (en) 2007-07-12 2007-07-12 Toner compositions

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2636808A1 true CA2636808A1 (en) 2009-01-12
CA2636808C CA2636808C (en) 2012-09-18

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ID=39902054

Family Applications (1)

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CA2636808A Active CA2636808C (en) 2007-07-12 2008-07-04 Toner compositions

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US7910276B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2015142A3 (en)
JP (1) JP5486169B2 (en)
KR (1) KR101486216B1 (en)
BR (1) BRPI0803868A2 (en)
CA (1) CA2636808C (en)
MX (1) MX2008008806A (en)

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US7803865B2 (en) 2003-08-25 2010-09-28 Dow Global Technologies Inc. Aqueous dispersion, its production method, and its use
US8158711B2 (en) * 2003-08-25 2012-04-17 Dow Global Technologies Llc Aqueous dispersion, its production method, and its use
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR101486216B1 (en) 2015-01-26
US20090017393A1 (en) 2009-01-15
EP2015142A2 (en) 2009-01-14
JP5486169B2 (en) 2014-05-07
JP2009020519A (en) 2009-01-29
MX2008008806A (en) 2009-03-04
KR20090006791A (en) 2009-01-15
CA2636808C (en) 2012-09-18
US7910276B2 (en) 2011-03-22
BRPI0803868A2 (en) 2009-06-30
EP2015142A3 (en) 2010-08-25

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