CA2601445A1 - System, methods, and compositions for production of synthetic hydrocarbon compounds - Google Patents

System, methods, and compositions for production of synthetic hydrocarbon compounds Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2601445A1
CA2601445A1 CA002601445A CA2601445A CA2601445A1 CA 2601445 A1 CA2601445 A1 CA 2601445A1 CA 002601445 A CA002601445 A CA 002601445A CA 2601445 A CA2601445 A CA 2601445A CA 2601445 A1 CA2601445 A1 CA 2601445A1
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gas
hydrocarbon compounds
thermal energy
carbon monoxide
heat
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CA002601445A
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French (fr)
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CA2601445C (en
Inventor
Alexander J. Severinsky
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Fuelcor LLC
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Fuelcor Llc
Alexander J. Severinsky
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
    • C10G2/30—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
    • C10G2/32—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/04—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds, e.g. ammonia
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/06—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents
    • C01B3/12—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
    • C01B3/16—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide using catalysts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C1/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
    • C07C1/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of a carbon
    • C07C1/04—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of a carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
    • C10G2/30—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J1/00—Production of fuel gases by carburetting air or other gases without pyrolysis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/06—Continuous processes
    • C10J3/18—Continuous processes using electricity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K3/00—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
    • C10K3/02—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment
    • C10K3/026—Increasing the carbon monoxide content, e.g. reverse water-gas shift [RWGS]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
    • C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
    • C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0283—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a CO-shift step, i.e. a water gas shift step
    • C01B2203/0294—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a CO-shift step, i.e. a water gas shift step containing three or more CO-shift steps
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
    • C10G2300/1022—Fischer-Tropsch products
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/093—Coal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
    • C10J2300/123—Heating the gasifier by electromagnetic waves, e.g. microwaves
    • C10J2300/1238—Heating the gasifier by electromagnetic waves, e.g. microwaves by plasma
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/164—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with conversion of synthesis gas
    • C10J2300/1656—Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals
    • C10J2300/1659—Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals to liquid hydrocarbons
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
    • Y02E20/18—Integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC], e.g. combined with carbon capture and storage [CCS]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight

Abstract

A process and system for producing hydrocarbon compounds or fuels that recycle products of hydrocarbon compound combustion - carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide, or both, and water. The energy for recycling is electricity derived from preferably not fossil based fuels, like from nuclear fuels or from renewable energy. The process comprises electrolysing water, and then using hydrogen to reduce externally supplied carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide, then using so produced carbon monoxide together with any externally supplied carbon monoxide and hydrogen in Fischer-Tropsch reactors, with upstream upgrading to desired specification fuels - for example, gasoline, jet fuel, kerosene, diesel fuel, and others. Energy released in some of these processes is used by other processes. Using adiabatic temperature changes and isothermal pressure changes for gas processing and separation, large amounts of required energy are internally recycled using electric and heat distribution lines. Phase conversion of working fluid is used in heat distribution lines for increased energy efficiency. The resulting use of electric energy is less than 1.4 times the amount of the high heating value of combustion of so produced hydrocarbon compounds when carbon dioxide is converted to carbon monoxide in the invention, and less than 0.84 when carbon monoxide is the source.

Claims (56)

1. A process for producing hydrocarbon compounds comprising, a) generating hydrogen gas from water;
b) generating a mixture of hydrocarbon compounds and thermal energy, wherein said hydrocarbon compounds are generated from at least carbon monoxide gas and hydrogen gas;
c) changing temperature or pressure of said gases or both in the process; and d) transferring at least a portion of said thermal energy to one or more of said processes.
2. The process of Claim 1, further comprising forming carbon monoxide gas by using a portion of said hydrogen gas in combination with carbon dioxide gas.
3. The process of Claim 2, wherein said forming of said carbon monoxide gas uses a reverse water gas shift reactor.
4. The process of Claim 1 to Claim 3, wherein said gas pressure change is performed at least near isothermally.
5. A process for producing hydrocarbon compounds comprising, a) generating hydrogen gas from water;
b) generating a mixture of hydrocarbon compounds and thermal energy, wherein said hydrocarbon compounds are generated from at least carbon monoxide gas and hydrogen gas;
c) changing temperature or pressure of said gases in the process; and wherein the changing of pressure of said gases is at least near isothermal.
6. The process of Claim 5, further comprising forming carbon monoxide gas by using a portion of said hydrogen gas in combination with carbon dioxide gas.
7. The process of Claim 6, wherein said forming of said carbon monoxide gas uses a reverse water gas shift reactor.
8. The process of Claim 5 to Claim 7, wherein at least a portion of said thermal energy is transferred within the process.
9. The process of Claim3, wherein at least a portion of said thermal energy is transferred to said reverse water gas shift process performed in a reactor.
10. The process of Claims 1 to 9, wherein said hydrogen gas is generated from water by use of electric energy.
11. The process of Claim 10, wherein at least a portion of said thermal energy is converted to a portion of said electric energy.
12. The process of Claims 1 to 11, wherein said gas temperature change is performed at least near adiabatically.
13. The process of Claims 1 to 12, wherein said hydrocarbon compounds are upgraded in a refinery to form hydrocarbon fuels using said hydrogen gas.
14. The process of Claims 1 to 13, wherein said hydrogen gas is generated by use of a water electrolyser.
15. The process of Claim14, wherein electric power supplied to said electrolyser comprises a rectifier connected to a multiphase electric power supply having more than three phases.
16. The process of Claims 3, 4, and 7 to 15, wherein the reverse water gas shift reactor is supplied with a stoichiometrically larger amount of hydrogen gas than carbon dioxide gas for conversion of carbon dioxide gas to carbon monoxide gas.
17. The process of Claims 3, 4, and 7 to 16, wherein said reverse water gas shift reactor comprises one or more serially connected reactors with intermediate separation of steam.
18. The process of Claims 3, 4, and 7 to 17, further comprising separating at least a portion of carbon dioxide gas in the effluent stream from at least one reverse water gas shift reactor and returning it to an input of at least one reverse water gas shift reactor.
19. The process of Claims 1 to 18, wherein a process of generating a mixture of hydrocarbon compounds comprises at least one Fischer-Tropsch reactor.
20. The process of Claim19, wherein said Fischer-Tropsch reactor comprises one or more serially connected Fischer-Tropsch reactors with intermediate separation of at least steam.
21. The process of Claim19 and 20, wherein individual Fischer-Tropsch reactors operate at different temperatures.
22. The process of Claim 21, wherein said carbon monoxide gas and said hydrogen gas are fed in various amounts to said Fischer-Tropsch reactors to create various proportions of hydrocarbon compounds.
23. The process of Claims1 to 22, further comprising a process of burning one or more of said hydrocarbon compounds in a burner-generator to produce at least a portion of said electrical energy.
24. The process of Claims 3, 4, and 7 to 23, further comprising a heat pumping process transferring heat from a portion of said thermal energy to heat required by said reverse water gas shift reactor.
25. The process of Claims 1 to 24, further comprising a heat distribution process wherein heat distribution lines connecting two or more of said processes are provided for receiving or supplying heat to or from said processes as to reduce need for balance of such heat or thermal energy supplied externally.
26. The process of 25, wherein at least some of heat distribution lines pass through a heat exchanger used in one or more of said processes for exchanging heat or thermal energy, wherein a working fluid of a heat distribution line delivering heat or thermal energy is in a gaseous state upstream the heat exchanger and in a liquid state downstream the heat exchanger.
27. The process of Claims 1 to 26, wherein the electric energy needs of the process not provided by said use of said thermal energy is less than 1.7 times the high heating value of said hydrocarbon compounds.
28. The process of Claims 1 to 26, wherein the electric energy needs of the process not provided by said use of said thermal energy is less than 1.25 times the high heating value of said hydrocarbon compounds.
29. A system for producing hydrocarbon compounds comprising, A unit for generating hydrogen gas from water;
A unit for generating a mixture of hydrocarbon compounds and thermal energy, wherein said hydrocarbon compounds are generated from at least carbon monoxide gas and hydrogen gas;

Units for changing temperature and/or pressure of said gases between one or more of said units; and Conduits for transferring at least a portion of said thermal energy to one or more of said units.
30. The system of 29, further comprising a unit for using a portion of said hydrogen gas in combination with carbon dioxide gas to form carbon monoxide gas.
31. The system of 30, wherein said unit to form said carbon monoxide gas is a reverse water gas shift reactor.
32. The system of Claims 29 to 32, wherein said gas pressure change is performed at least near isothermally.
33. A system for producing hydrocarbon compounds comprising, A unit for generating hydrogen gas from water;
A unit for generating a mixture of hydrocarbon compounds and thermal energy, wherein said hydrocarbon compounds are generated from at least carbon monoxide gas and hydrogen gas;

Units for changing temperature and/or pressure of said gases between one or more of said units; and Conduits for changing pressure of said gases at least near isothermally.
34. The system of 33, further comprising a unit for using a portion of said hydrogen gas in combination with carbon dioxide gas to form carbon monoxide gas.
35. The system of Claim 34, wherein said unit to form said carbon monoxide gas is a reverse water gas shift reactor.
36. The system of Claims 33 to 35, wherein at least a portion of said thermal energy is transferred to one or more of said units.
37. The system of Claim 31, wherein at least a portion of said thermal energy is transferred to said reverse water gas shift reactor.
38. The system of Claims 29 to 37, wherein said hydrogen gas is generated from water by use of electric energy.
39. The system of Claim 38, wherein at least a portion of said thermal energy is converted to a portion of said electric energy.
40. The system of Claims 29 to 39, wherein said gas temperature change is performed at least near adiabatically.
41. The system of Claims 29 to 40, wherein said hydrocarbon compounds are upgraded in a refinery to form hydrocarbon fuels using said hydrogen gas.
42. The system of Claims 29 to 41, wherein said hydrogen gas is generated by use of a water electrolyser.
43. The system of Claim 42, wherein electric power supplied to said electrolyser comprises a rectifier connected to a multiphase electric power supply having more than three phases.
44. The system of Claims 31, 32, and 35 to 43, wherein the reverse water gas shift reactor is supplied with a stoichiometrically larger amount of hydrogen gas than carbon dioxide gas for conversion of carbon dioxide gas to carbon monoxide gas.
45. The system of Claims 31, 32, and 35 to 44, wherein said reverse water gas shift reactor comprises one or more serially connected reactors with intermediate separation of steam.
46. The system of Claims 31, 32, and 35 to 45, further comprising a unit for separating at least a portion of carbon dioxide gas in the effluent stream from at least one reverse water gas shift reactor and returning it to an input of at least one reactor.
47. The system of Claims 29 to 46, wherein a unit for generating a mixture of hydrocarbon compounds comprises at least one Fischer-Tropsch reactor.
48. The system of Claim 47, wherein said Fischer-Tropsch reactor comprises one or more serially connected Fischer-Tropsch reactors with intermediate separation of at least steam.
49. The system of Claims 47 and 48, wherein individual Fischer-Tropsch reactors operate at different temperatures.
50. The system of Claim 49, wherein said carbon monoxide gas and said hydrogen gas are fed in various amounts to said Fischer-Tropsch reactors to create various proportions of hydrocarbon compounds.
51. The system of Claims 29 to 50, further comprising a unit for burning one or more of said hydrocarbon compounds in a burner-generator to produce at least a portion of said electrical energy.
52. The system of Claims 31, Claim 32, and 35 to 51, further comprising a heat pump transferring heat from a portion of said thermal energy to heat required by said reverse water gas shift reactor.
53. The system of Claims 1 to 52, further comprising heat distribution lines connecting two or more of said processes for receiving or supplying heat to or from said processes as to reduce need for balance of such heat or thermal energy supplied externally.
54. The system of 53, wherein at least some of heat distribution lines pass through a heat exchanger used in one or more of said processes for exchanging heat or thermal energy, wherein a working fluid of a heat distribution line delivering heat or thermal energy is in a gaseous state upstream the heat exchanger and in a liquid state downstream the heat exchanger.
55. The process of Claims 29 to 54, wherein the electric energy needs of the process not provided by said use of said thermal energy is less than 1.7 times the high heating value of said hydrocarbon compounds.
56. The process of Claims 29 to 54, wherein the electric energy needs of the process not provided by said use of said thermal energy is less than 1.25 times the high heating value of said hydrocarbon compounds.
CA2601445A 2005-03-16 2006-03-16 Systems, methods, and compositions for production of synthetic hydrocarbon compounds Expired - Fee Related CA2601445C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US66192305P 2005-03-16 2005-03-16
US60/661,923 2005-03-16
US67817405P 2005-05-06 2005-05-06
US60/678,174 2005-05-06
PCT/US2006/009710 WO2006099573A1 (en) 2005-03-16 2006-03-16 Systems, methods, and compositions for production of synthetic hydrocarbon compounds

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CA2601445A1 true CA2601445A1 (en) 2006-09-21
CA2601445C CA2601445C (en) 2012-10-02

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EP (1) EP1861478B1 (en)
JP (1) JP5155147B2 (en)
KR (1) KR101318966B1 (en)
CN (2) CN101160375B (en)
AT (1) ATE546508T1 (en)
CA (1) CA2601445C (en)
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