CA2590342A1 - Electrodes for applying an electric field in-vivo over an extended period of time - Google Patents
Electrodes for applying an electric field in-vivo over an extended period of time Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2590342A1 CA2590342A1 CA002590342A CA2590342A CA2590342A1 CA 2590342 A1 CA2590342 A1 CA 2590342A1 CA 002590342 A CA002590342 A CA 002590342A CA 2590342 A CA2590342 A CA 2590342A CA 2590342 A1 CA2590342 A1 CA 2590342A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- electrodes
- open spaces
- patient
- conductive substrate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/02—Details
- A61N1/04—Electrodes
- A61N1/0404—Electrodes for external use
- A61N1/0472—Structure-related aspects
- A61N1/0476—Array electrodes (including any electrode arrangement with more than one electrode for at least one of the polarities)
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/02—Details
- A61N1/04—Electrodes
- A61N1/0404—Electrodes for external use
- A61N1/0408—Use-related aspects
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/02—Details
- A61N1/04—Electrodes
- A61N1/0404—Electrodes for external use
- A61N1/0472—Structure-related aspects
- A61N1/0492—Patch electrodes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/02—Details
- A61N1/04—Electrodes
- A61N1/0404—Electrodes for external use
- A61N1/0408—Use-related aspects
- A61N1/0452—Specially adapted for transcutaneous muscle stimulation [TMS]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/02—Details
- A61N1/04—Electrodes
- A61N1/0404—Electrodes for external use
- A61N1/0408—Use-related aspects
- A61N1/0456—Specially adapted for transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation [TENS]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/02—Details
- A61N1/04—Electrodes
- A61N1/0404—Electrodes for external use
- A61N1/0408—Use-related aspects
- A61N1/046—Specially adapted for shock therapy, e.g. defibrillation
Abstract
An electrode configured for placement in contact with a surface of a patient's body, the electrode comprising: a flexible support; and a plurality of parallel electrode elements (45; 55, 55') which are supported by the flexible support to permit the electrode to conform to the surface of the patient's body and separated by open spaces (48; 58), wherein the electrode elements (45; 55, 55') are made of conductive wire (43) surrounded by a dielectric coating (42) to insulate the conductive wire (43) from the patient's body when the electrode is placed in contact with the patient's body, wherein the open spaces (48; 58) are distributed and sized to permit moisture on the surface of the patient's body to escape via the open spaces (48; 58) when the electrode is placed in contact with the patient's body.
Description
ELECTRODES FOR APPLYING AN ELECTRIC FIELD
IN-VIVO OVER AN EXTENDED PERIOD OF TIME
BACKGROUND
[0001] This invention concerns electrodes for applying electric fields in-vivo over an extended period of time, and methods for using such electrodes.
IN-VIVO OVER AN EXTENDED PERIOD OF TIME
BACKGROUND
[0001] This invention concerns electrodes for applying electric fields in-vivo over an extended period of time, and methods for using such electrodes.
[0002] Living organisms proliferate by cell division, including tissues, cell cultures, microorganisms (such as bacteria, mycoplasma, yeast, protozoa, and other single-celled organisms), fungi, algae, plant cells, etc. Dividing cells of organisms can be destroyed, or their proliferation controlled, by methods that are based on the sensitivity of the dividing cells of these organisms to certain chemical or physical agents. For example, certain antibiotics stop the multiplication process of bacteria.
[0003] It is well known that tumors, particularly malignant or cancerous tumors, grow very uncontrollably compared to normal tissue. Such expedited growth enables tumors to occupy an ever-increasing space and to damage or destroy tissue adjacent thereto. Furthermore, certain cancers are characterized by an ability to spread metastases to new locations where the metastatic cancer cells grow into additional tumors.
[0004] The rapid growth of tumors, in general, and malignant tumors in particular, as described above, is the result of relatively frequent cell division or multiplication of these cells compared to normal tissue cells. The distinguishably frequent cell division of cancer cells is the basis for the effectiveness of many existing cancer treatments, e.g., irradiation therapy and the use of various chemo-therapeutic agents. Such treatments are based on the fact that cells undergoing division are more sensitive to radiation and chemo-therapeutic agents than non-dividing cells. Because tumors cells divide much more frequently than normal cells, it is possible, to a certain extent, to selectively damage or destroy tumor cells by radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy. The actual sensitivity of cells to radiation, therapeutic agents, etc., is also dependent on specific characteristics of different types of normal or malignant cell types. Thus, unfortunately, the sensitivity of tumor cells is not sufficiently higher than that of many types of normal tissues. This diminishes the ability to distinguish between tumor cells and normal cells, and therefore, existing cancer treatments typically cause significant damage to normal tissues, thus limiting the therapeutic effectiveness of such treatments. Also, certain types of tumors are not sensitive at all to existing methods of treatment.
[0005] Electric fields and currents have been used for medical purposes for many years. The most common is the generation of electric currents in a human or animal body by application of an electric field by means of a pair of conductive electrodes between which a potential difference is maintained. These electric currents are used either to exert their specific effects, i.e., to stimulate excitable tissue, or to generate heat by flowing in the body since it acts as a resistor.
Examples of the first type of application include the following: cardiac defibrillators, peripheral nerve and muscle stimulators, brain stimulators, etc. Currents are used for heating, for example, in devices for tumor ablation, ablation of malfunctioning cardiac or brain tissue, cauterization, relaxation of muscle rheumatic pain and other pain, etc.
Examples of the first type of application include the following: cardiac defibrillators, peripheral nerve and muscle stimulators, brain stimulators, etc. Currents are used for heating, for example, in devices for tumor ablation, ablation of malfunctioning cardiac or brain tissue, cauterization, relaxation of muscle rheumatic pain and other pain, etc.
[0006] Another use of electric fields for medical purposes involves the utilization of high frequency oscillating fields transmitted from a source that emits an electric wave, such as an RF wave or a microwave source, which is directed at the part of the body that is of interest (i.e., a target). In these instances, there is no electric energy conducting between the source and the body; but rather, the energy is transmitted to the body by radiation or induction. More specifically, the electric energy generated by the source reaches the vicinity of the body via a conductor and is transmitted from it through air or some other electric insulating material to the human body.
[0007] Electric fields that can be used in medical applications can thus be separated generally into two different modes. In the first mode, the electric fields are applied to the body or tissues by means of conducting electrodes. These electric fields can be separated into two types, namely (1) steady fields or fields that change at relatively slow rates, and alternating fields of low frequencies that induce corresponding electric currents in the body or tissues, and (2) high frequency alternating fields (above 1 MHz) applied to the body by means of the conducting electrodes or by means of insulated electrodes.
[0008] The first type of electric field is used, for example, to stimulate nerves and muscles, pace the heart, etc. In fact, such fields are used in nature to propagate signals in nerve and muscle fibers, central nervous system (CNS), heart, etc.
The recording of such natural fields is the basis for the ECG, EEG, EMG, ERG, etc.
The field strength in conductive electrode applications, assuming a medium of hbmogenous electric properties, is simply the voltage applied to the stiinulating/recording electrodes divided by the distance between them. The currents thus generated can be calculated by Ohm's law and can have dangerous stimulatory effects on the heart and CNS and can result in potentially harmful ion concentration changes. Also, if the currents are strong enough, they can cause excessive heating in the tissues. This heating can be calculated by the power dissipated in the tissue (the product of the voltage and the current).
The recording of such natural fields is the basis for the ECG, EEG, EMG, ERG, etc.
The field strength in conductive electrode applications, assuming a medium of hbmogenous electric properties, is simply the voltage applied to the stiinulating/recording electrodes divided by the distance between them. The currents thus generated can be calculated by Ohm's law and can have dangerous stimulatory effects on the heart and CNS and can result in potentially harmful ion concentration changes. Also, if the currents are strong enough, they can cause excessive heating in the tissues. This heating can be calculated by the power dissipated in the tissue (the product of the voltage and the current).
[0009] When such electric fields and currents are alternating, their stimulatory power, on nerve, muscle, etc., is an inverse function of the frequency.
At frequencies above 1-10 kHz, the stimulation power of fields approaches zero.
This limitation is due to the fact that excitation induced by electric stimulation is normally mediated by membrane potential changes, the rate of which is limited by the RC properties (with time constants on the order of 1 ms) of the membrane.
At frequencies above 1-10 kHz, the stimulation power of fields approaches zero.
This limitation is due to the fact that excitation induced by electric stimulation is normally mediated by membrane potential changes, the rate of which is limited by the RC properties (with time constants on the order of 1 ms) of the membrane.
[0010] Regardless of the frequency, when such current inducing fields are applied, they are often associated with harmful side effects caused by currents. For example, one negative effect is the changes in ionic concentration in the various "compartments" within the system, and the harmful products of the electrolysis biological material, or the medium in which the tissues are imbedded.
[0011] Alternating fields of medium frequencies (about 50 kHz - 1 MHz), which were traditionally assumed not to have any biological effect except due to heating, can be applied to a conductive medium, such as a human body, via insulated electrodes. Under such conditions the electrodes induce in the body only capacitive currents. In contrast to the general belief that such fields have no direct biological effect, in US patent applications # 10/204,334, 10/288,562, 10/285,313 by Palti (each of which is incorporated herein by reference) and in a subsequent publication (Eilon D. Kirson, et al., Disruption of Cancer Cell Replication by Alternating Electric Fields, Cancer Res. 2004 64:3288-3295), such fields have been shown to have the capability to specifically affect cancer cells and serve, among others, for treating cancer.
[0012] Treatment of cancer, other diseases, conditions and patho-physiological states by alternating electric fields may require long term application (e.g., over weeks or months) of the fields to the target location, which involves correspondingly long contact between the electrodes and the body surface (e.g., the patient's skin). Such application may be associated with significant side effects that may result from both chemical and physical reactions. Such reactions have been reported upon application of TENS, muscle stimulation, long term body potential recording (EEG, ECG, etc.).
[0013] Chemical reaction may be due to the contact with the electrode itself, or the mater-ials that are interposed between the electrode and the skin for improving electric conductivity (for example gel), and the products of the current flow including electrolysis at the electrode surfaces.
[0014] The long-term physical contact of the electrodes against the skin may effect the under-laying skin by the local pressure, by keeping the skin surface wet, or by the fact that the electrodes or gel, etc. occlude the exits of the skin appendages located at the external part of the skin, such as sweat glands, hair follicles, etc. This results in accumulation of water and chemical agents within the appendages and at the skin surface, which can damage the superficial skin layers.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0015] The present invention is designed to eliminate, or significantly reduce some of the side effects associated with long term application of electric fields to the skin by using an electrode configuration that permits the skin to "breathe."
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0016] FIG. 1A is a plan view of a first embodiment of the present invention, which is a multi-segment electrode with the segments arranged in a rectangular array.
[0017] FIG. 1B is a cross section view of the FIG. 1A embodiment, taken along section line A-A.
[0018] FIG. 1C is a cross section view of the FIG. 1A embodiment with an optional wicking feature added.
[0019] FIG. 2 is a plan view of a second embodiment of the present invention, which is a multi-segment electrode with the segments arranged in a hexagonal array.
[0020] FIG. 3 is a plan view of a third embodiment of the present invention, which is a perforated electrode.
[0021] FIG. 4A is a plan view of a fourth embodiment of the present invention, which is an electrode made of a plurality of parallel wires.
[0022] FIG. 4B is a cross section view of the FIG. 4A embodiment, taken along section line B-B used, used with a conductive gel.
[0023] FIG. 5 is a plan view of a fifth embodiment of the present invention, which is an electrode made from a group of parallel wires, with an additional group of parallel wires that are perpendicular to the first group.
[0024] FIG. 6A is a plan view of a sixth embodiment of the present invention, with the electrode located at a first position within an overall footprint.
[0025] FIG. 6B shows the electrode of FIG. 6A located at a second position within an overall footprint.
[0026] FIG. 7A is a pictorial representation showing how a pair of any of the aforementioned electrodes are placed in contact with the skin of a patient during use.
[0027] FIG. 7B is a schematic representation of an electrical circuit that is formed when a pair of any of the aforementioned electrodes are placed in contact with the skin of a patient.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0028] FIGS 1A and lB depict a first embodiment of a composite electrode that is designed for applying an electric field to an in-vivo tumor for extended periods of time. The composite electrode 10 is made up of a number of individual segments 5, with a number of open spaces 8 disposed between the segments 5.
The segments 5 apply an electric field to a desired location within the patient's body.
Preferred characteristics of the applied field are described in the three patent applications identified above. Those applications teach that electric fields with frequencies between about 50 kHz to about 500 kHz (and more preferably between about 100 kHz and 300 kHz) at field strengths of between about 0.1 V/cm to about V/cm (and more preferably between about 1 and about 10 V/cm) have proven effective at slowing or reversing the growth of rapidly dividing cells (e.g., cancer cells). For example, a 120 kHz, 1.4 V/cm field has been shown to be effective against melanoma, and a 170-250 kHz, 2.5 V/cm field has been shown to be effective against glioma.
The segments 5 apply an electric field to a desired location within the patient's body.
Preferred characteristics of the applied field are described in the three patent applications identified above. Those applications teach that electric fields with frequencies between about 50 kHz to about 500 kHz (and more preferably between about 100 kHz and 300 kHz) at field strengths of between about 0.1 V/cm to about V/cm (and more preferably between about 1 and about 10 V/cm) have proven effective at slowing or reversing the growth of rapidly dividing cells (e.g., cancer cells). For example, a 120 kHz, 1.4 V/cm field has been shown to be effective against melanoma, and a 170-250 kHz, 2.5 V/cm field has been shown to be effective against glioma.
[0029] Returning to FIGS. 1A and 1B, the segments 5 are preferably free to move about with respect to one another, to permit the electrode 10 to conform to the shape of the body's surface upon which the electrode 10 is placed. The segments 5 may be held together using any of a variety of suitable support structures, such as mounting them on a piece of cloth, netting, or other flexible backing (not shown).
All of the segments are preferably electrically connected in parallel using appropriate wiring 4.
All of the segments are preferably electrically connected in parallel using appropriate wiring 4.
[0030] Each segment 5 preferably contains a conductive core 3 that is completely insulated from the surface upon which it is placed by a dielectric insulating material 2. Other surfaces of the segments 5 are preferably covered by any conventional insulating material 9. Because the dielectric insulating material 2 insulates the conductive core 3 from the surface of the patient's skin, any DC
component that is present in the signal driving the electrodes will be blocked, and only the AC components at sufficiently high frequencies can pass into the patient's body. This configuration avoids the negative effects that would occur if conductive electrodes were used (e.g., ion concentration changes in the cells and the formation of harmful agents by electrolysis). This is because, in general, when capacitive electrodes are used, no actual transfer of charges takes place between the electrodes and the medium and there is no charge flow in the medium.
component that is present in the signal driving the electrodes will be blocked, and only the AC components at sufficiently high frequencies can pass into the patient's body. This configuration avoids the negative effects that would occur if conductive electrodes were used (e.g., ion concentration changes in the cells and the formation of harmful agents by electrolysis). This is because, in general, when capacitive electrodes are used, no actual transfer of charges takes place between the electrodes and the medium and there is no charge flow in the medium.
[0031] FIG. 7A shows how the above-described electrodes (or the electrodes of the below-described embodiments) are used to apply the desired field to the target location. A pair of insulated electrodes 74 each contains a conducting portion with an insulating dielectric portion 74B disposed thereon. When such electrodes are placed in contact with the patient's skin 6 and operatively connected to an AC
voltage source 72 via leads 73, an electric field 76 is induced in the tissue 78 (which includes a tumor 79) that lies beneath the skin 6. As described in the three patent applications identified above, the equivalent electric circuit when the insulated electrodes are placed on the skin is as depicted in Figure 7B: the dielectric coated electrodes 75 act as capacitors A, E, the skin 6 acts as a resistive load B, D, and the tissue 78 also acts as a resistive load C. Under these conditions, the relative values of the impedances cause the fraction of the potential difference (electric field) that falls on the electrode insulation to be strongly dependent on the capacitance of the electrodes A, E. The potential drop across the capacitive electrode A is AI(A+B+C+D+E), and a similar drop occurs across the other capacitive electrode E.
At DC and low frequencies, the impedance of the capacitive electrodes A, E is high, and most of the voltage drop will be across the electrodes. In contrast, for extremely high frequencies, the capacitors have very low impedance and therefore a much larger portion of the voltage drop will appear in the tissue C. At the relevant frequency ranges identified above (i.e., from about 50 kHz to about 500 kHz), the impedance of the capacitive electrodes A, E will lie somewhere between those two extremes.
voltage source 72 via leads 73, an electric field 76 is induced in the tissue 78 (which includes a tumor 79) that lies beneath the skin 6. As described in the three patent applications identified above, the equivalent electric circuit when the insulated electrodes are placed on the skin is as depicted in Figure 7B: the dielectric coated electrodes 75 act as capacitors A, E, the skin 6 acts as a resistive load B, D, and the tissue 78 also acts as a resistive load C. Under these conditions, the relative values of the impedances cause the fraction of the potential difference (electric field) that falls on the electrode insulation to be strongly dependent on the capacitance of the electrodes A, E. The potential drop across the capacitive electrode A is AI(A+B+C+D+E), and a similar drop occurs across the other capacitive electrode E.
At DC and low frequencies, the impedance of the capacitive electrodes A, E is high, and most of the voltage drop will be across the electrodes. In contrast, for extremely high frequencies, the capacitors have very low impedance and therefore a much larger portion of the voltage drop will appear in the tissue C. At the relevant frequency ranges identified above (i.e., from about 50 kHz to about 500 kHz), the impedance of the capacitive electrodes A, E will lie somewhere between those two extremes.
[0032] The preferred electric field intensity in the target tissue 79 is in the range of about 0.1 V/cm to about 10 V/cm. In order to achieve this voltage drop in the tissue C without increasing the voltage of the AC source 72 to undesirably high levels (which can pose a safety problem and be difficult to generate at the required parameters), the impedance of the capacitors A, E must be minimized, which occurs when the capacitance of the electrodes is maximized. Increasing the capacitance can be achieved by increasing the effective area of the "plates" of the capacitor, decreasing the thickness of the dielectric, or using a dielectric with a high dielectric constant. Since the electrode area is limited and the insulation thickness can not be reduced in view of potential dielectric breakdown and due to the danger of mechanical damage, the best way to deliver the appropriate fields to their target locations is to use dielectrics with a very high dielectric constant. Examples of suitable dielectrics are: KTN - Potassium Tantalate (KTaI_XNbXO3), or PMNT
(Lead Magnesium Niobate Titanate), which all have dielectric constants above 1000.
Note that with some of these high-K materials, the dielectric constant can vary dramatically depending on the material processing procedures that are used when the material is formed (e.g., crystallization or doping), and it is more preferable to use a variety with a dielectric constant above 10,000. Note, however, that a very thin coating by a strong dielectric material with a standard dielectric constant (e.g., 3-30) may also serve well under some configurations (e.g., if a weaker field or higher voltage is not problematic).
(Lead Magnesium Niobate Titanate), which all have dielectric constants above 1000.
Note that with some of these high-K materials, the dielectric constant can vary dramatically depending on the material processing procedures that are used when the material is formed (e.g., crystallization or doping), and it is more preferable to use a variety with a dielectric constant above 10,000. Note, however, that a very thin coating by a strong dielectric material with a standard dielectric constant (e.g., 3-30) may also serve well under some configurations (e.g., if a weaker field or higher voltage is not problematic).
[0033] Returning now to FIGS. 1A and 1B, the electrodes 10 include spaces 8 that are distributed throughout the surface of the electrodes 10. These spaces 8 allow the skin beneath the electrode 10 to "breatlle" by allowing air to reach the skin beneath the electrodes. As a result, moisture (e.g., sweat) that might otherwise build up on the surface of the skin can evaporate. This ameliorates the detrimental effects that can accompany long term use of non-perforated electrodes (as described above in the background section). In addition, the presence of the spaces 8 between the active segments 5 of the electrode 10 helps prevent heat (due to, e.g., dielectric losses and current flow) from building up beneath the electrodes 10.
[0034] To ensure that the field is effectively strong the target location, the spacing between the segments 5 of the electrodes 10 is preferably smaller than the distance from the surface to the location that is the target of the treatment (e.g., the tumor 79, shown in FIG. 7A). On the other hand, the spacing between the segments is preferably larger than about 2 mm, and more preferably larger than about 4 mm, to provide adequate ventilation. In terms of area, the area of each space 8 is preferably larger than about 4 mm2, and more preferably larger than about 16 mmZ.
In this embodiment, the area of the segments 5 is roughly the same as the area of the spaces 8.
In this embodiment, the area of the segments 5 is roughly the same as the area of the spaces 8.
[0035] FIG. 2 depicts a second embodiment of an electrode 20. This electrode 20 is very similar to the electrode 10 of the FIG. 1 embodiment, except that the segments 25 and the spaces 28 of the FIG. 2 embodiment are hexagonal instead of square. Of course, other shapes besides the depicted squares and hexagons may also be used, and the spacing between the segments may be varied as required. The spacing of the segments in these embodiments is preferably selected to provide an adequate amount of field at the target region, while providing adequate ventilation to the skin. The segmented structure of these embodiments can be particularly advantageous in anatomical positions where a large degree of flexibility is needed to conform the electrodes to the skin surface.
[0036] FIG. 3 depicts a third embodiment of an electrode 30. This electrode is preferably made of a single piece of conductive material 35, with perforations or holes 38 disposed therein. The lower surface of the electrode 30 (not shown), which contacts the skin of the patient, is preferably coated with a dielectric material similar to the dielectric 2 of the FIG. 1 embodiment. The upper surface of the electrode 30, which faces away from the patient during use, is preferably coated with an insulator similar to the insulator 9 of the FIG. 1 embodiment. The spacing of the holes in this embodiment is also preferably selected to provide an adequate amount of field at the target region, while providing adequate ventilation to the skin.
[0037] FIGS. 4A and 4B are plan and section views of a fourth embodiment of an electrode 40. This electrode is made of a set of parallel elements 45 that are separated by spaces 48. Each element 45 is made of a conductive wire 43 that is surrounded by a dielectric coating 42, preferably of a material similar to the dielectric 2 of the FIG. 1 embodiment. The conductors 43 are preferably electrically connected in parallel by wires 44. A suitable backing (not shown) may be affixed to the electrode 40 to maintain the desired spacing of the elements 45 of the electrode 40. Optionally, this backing may be designed to prevent bending of the electrode along the length of the elements 45, which could crack the dielectric coating when a brittle dielectric is used. However, the backing may be configured to permit bending of the electrode 40 about an axis that is parallel to the elements 45, as long as the bending occurs at the spaces 48. The spacing of the open spaces 48 in this embodiment is also preferably selected to provide an adequate amount of field at the target region, while providing adequate ventilation to the skin. For example, the spaces 48 may be at least 2 mm wide, or more preferably, at least 4 mm wide.
[0038] FIG. 5 is a plan view of a fifth embodiment of an electrode 50. This embodiment is similar to the FIG. 4 embodiment described above, except that in addition to the horizontal elements 55 that correspond to the horizontal elements 45 of the FIG. 4 embodiment, the fifth embodiment also contains a second set of vertical elements 55' with a similar construction. Both sets of elements 55, 55' are preferably wired up in parallel by wires 54. As with the above-describe embodiments, the size of the open spaces 58 are also preferably selected to provide an adequate amount of field at the target region, while providing adequate ventilation to the skin. For example, the spaces 58 may be at least 2 mm by 2 mm, or more preferably, at least 4 mm by 4 mm.
[0039] In some embodiments, e.g., FIGS. 1 and 4, the pattern of insulated conductors and spaces is configured so that locations that are covered when the electrode is positioned in a first location will become uncovered when the electrode is repositioned to a second location that is offset slightly from the first location, wherein the overall footprint of the electrodes in both locations is substantially the same. When this arrangement is implemented, the electrodes can be shifted back and forth between two positions periodically (e.g., every 2 to 4 days), so that each small patch of skin is alternately covered (in one position) or uncovered (in the other position). Periodically exposing each patch of skin to the air in this manner gives the skin a chance to recover from any negative effects (e.g., accumulation of moisture or field effects) than may have occurred during the period of time when the skin was covered by the electrode. In applications where the electrodes are applied to the head, the head may be shaved before the electrodes are replaced in their new position, to prevent hair growth from interfering with the fields.
[0040] FIGS. 6A and 6B are plan views of a sixth embodiment of an electrode 60 positioned, respectively, at first and second locations within an overall footprint 62. As such, FIGS. 6A and 6B depict yet another embodiment in which the electrodes can be shifted back and forth between two positions periodically, as discussed above. The electrode 60 of this embodiment is made of a set of square segments 65 that are separated by spaces 68, with the area of the segments 65 roughly the same as the area of the spaces 68. The construction of the individual segments 65 of this embodiment is preferably similar to the segments 5 described above in connection with the FIG. 1 embodiment. Each segment 65 preferably measures at least 2 mm by 2 mm, and more preferably at least 4 mm by 4 mm, with a thickness between about 0.2 and about 1 mm. Note that although square segments are depicted in FIGS. 6A and 6B, other shapes and sizes may also be used, such as rectangular segments (e.g., 5 x 15 mm or 13 x 15 mm), circular segments (e.g., mm in diameter), or other shapes that are designed to conform to a particular anatomical location.
[0041] The segments 65 may be mechanically held in place by any suitable flexible support. For example, they may be mounted on a thin and flexible substrate such as DuPont Kapton polyimide film (not shown). When such a film is used, flexible wiring 64 may also be integrated onto the substrate to provide a low impedance electrical connection between the segments 65. An adhesive bandage may be used to affix the electrode assembly to the patient's body, in which case the adhesive bandage would also provide additional mechanical support.
[0042] Optionally, temperature sensors (e.g., a thermistor, not shown) may be added to each segment in this embodiment, e.g., by mounting them through a small hole (e.g., 2.5 mm dia.) in the center of each segment. When a polyimide film with flexible wiring is used for the connections to the segments, the wiring for the sensors is preferably implemented on the same polyimide film.
[0043] Fig 1 C illustrates an optional additional skin protective system. In this case the spaces between the solid coated portions 3, 2 of the electrodes are filled with a water absorbing material 12 such as cotton, polypropylene, etc. that wicks the wetness off the skin 6 so as to keep it dry, and transfers it to a water storing medium 11 such as a hygroscopic gel, polyacrylate, etc. The water storing medium 11 is preferably positioned on the back of the electrode body so that it does not touch the skin. Note that while FIG. 1C illustrates this optional feature in connection with the FIG. lA/lB embodiment, this feature may be incorporated into any of the other =
embodiments described above by making appropriate changes to the shapes and sizes of the water absorbing material 12 and the water storing medium 11.
embodiments described above by making appropriate changes to the shapes and sizes of the water absorbing material 12 and the water storing medium 11.
[0044] FIG. 4B illustrates the use of another option - a conductive gel.
(Note that while FIG. 4B is illustrates this optional feature in connection with the FIG. 4A embodiment, this feature may be incorporated into any of the other embodiments described above.) The electric contact between the cylindrical electrodes (which are made of conductors 43 surrounded by a dielectric coating 42) and the body surface 7 or skin can be improved by placing an intervening filler such as a conductive gel 41 between the electrodes and the skin 6. Alternatively, the gel 41' may be applied so as to coinpletely surround the dielectric coating 42 that surrounds the conductor 43, which results in an increase in the area of the effective electrode surface. Optionally, the absorbing material 12 or gel 41' may include or be coated by a medication that prevents or relieves skin irritation and inflammation, such as a steroid paste.
(Note that while FIG. 4B is illustrates this optional feature in connection with the FIG. 4A embodiment, this feature may be incorporated into any of the other embodiments described above.) The electric contact between the cylindrical electrodes (which are made of conductors 43 surrounded by a dielectric coating 42) and the body surface 7 or skin can be improved by placing an intervening filler such as a conductive gel 41 between the electrodes and the skin 6. Alternatively, the gel 41' may be applied so as to coinpletely surround the dielectric coating 42 that surrounds the conductor 43, which results in an increase in the area of the effective electrode surface. Optionally, the absorbing material 12 or gel 41' may include or be coated by a medication that prevents or relieves skin irritation and inflammation, such as a steroid paste.
[0045] Unfortunately, long term application of an object or medium that is not permeable to air, such as a gel, often results in skin reaction which may be severe. In addition water based media such as gels keep the skin wet, and long term wetting of the skin causes the external corneal skin layer to swell and lose its skin protective ability. Many gels can also occlude the orifices of the sweat and sebaceous glands, thus worsening the damage to the skin. Accordingly, such gels are preferably used in combination with those above-described embodiments where the electrodes can be shifted back and forth between two positions periodically, to minimize these problems.
[0046] Optionally a temperature sensor (not shown) may be incorporated into the electrode, and an appropriate circuit (not shown) can be used to temporarily turn off the power to the electrode (or to individual affected regions, if the segments are not all wired in parallel) when the output of the sensor indicates that it is too hot.
[0047] The above-described embodiments can generate safely and effectively alternating and transient electric fields in human patients, or other objects, for prolonged periods of time, by means of skin surface electrodes without causing significant side effects. Minor skin reactions that might still occur may be eased by incorporating medication to the conductive gels used. Such medication can include steroids, anti-allergic agents, antihistamines, etc.
[0048] While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (38)
1. An electrode configured for placement in contact with a surface of a patient's body, the electrode comprising:
a conductive substrate having a first side that faces the patient when the electrode is placed in contact with the patient's body, the conductive substrate having a plurality of open spaces passing therethrough that pass through the first side of the conductive substrate, wherein the open spaces are distributed and sized to permit moisture on the surface of the patient's body to escape via the open spaces when the electrode is placed in contact with the patient's body; and a thin dielectric material disposed on the first side of the conductive substrate so as to insulate the conductive substrate from the patient's body when the electrode is placed in contact with the patient's body, wherein the dielectric coating has a dielectric constant of at least 1000.
a conductive substrate having a first side that faces the patient when the electrode is placed in contact with the patient's body, the conductive substrate having a plurality of open spaces passing therethrough that pass through the first side of the conductive substrate, wherein the open spaces are distributed and sized to permit moisture on the surface of the patient's body to escape via the open spaces when the electrode is placed in contact with the patient's body; and a thin dielectric material disposed on the first side of the conductive substrate so as to insulate the conductive substrate from the patient's body when the electrode is placed in contact with the patient's body, wherein the dielectric coating has a dielectric constant of at least 1000.
2. The electrode of claim 1, wherein the conductive substrate is a single piece of conductive material.
3. The electrode of claim 1, wherein the conductive substrate comprises a plurality of separate sections that are attached to one another in a manner that permits the sections to move with respect to neighboring sections, by a limited amount.
4. The electrode of claim 1, wherein the conductive substrate comprises a plurality of roughly parallel wires spaced apart by at least 2 mm, and wherein the thin dielectric material surrounds each of the wires.
5. The electrode of claim 1, wherein the open spaces are at least 2 mm wide.
6. The electrode of claim 1, wherein the open spaces are at least 4 mm wide.
7. The electrode of claim 1, wherein the open spaces have an area that is least 4 square mm.
8. The electrode of claim 1, wherein the open spaces have an area that is least 16 square mm.
9. The electrode of claim 1, wherein the open spaces are arranged in a pattern that permits portions of the surface of a patient's body that are covered when the electrode is in the first position to become uncovered when the electrode is moved to a second position, with the overall footprint of the electrode in the first position substantially overlapping the overall footprint of the electrode in the second position.
10. The electrode of claim 9, wherein the combined area of all the open spaces is roughly half the area of the footprint of the electrode.
11. The electrode of claim 1, wherein the dielectric coating has a dielectric constant of at least 10,000.
12. A method of treating a patient with an AC electric field, comprising the steps of:
placing at least two electrodes against a patient's body, the electrodes having a conductive substrate and a thin dielectric layer located between the patient and the conductive substrate, wherein at least one of the electrodes has a plurality of open spaces passing therethrough, the open spaces being distributed and sized to permit moisture that is located beneath the electrode to escape via the open spaces;
and applying an AC voltage across the electrodes to induce an electric field at a target region in the patient's body, the electric field having a frequency between about 50 kHz and about 500 kHz and a field strength between about 0.1 and about V/cm at the target region.
placing at least two electrodes against a patient's body, the electrodes having a conductive substrate and a thin dielectric layer located between the patient and the conductive substrate, wherein at least one of the electrodes has a plurality of open spaces passing therethrough, the open spaces being distributed and sized to permit moisture that is located beneath the electrode to escape via the open spaces;
and applying an AC voltage across the electrodes to induce an electric field at a target region in the patient's body, the electric field having a frequency between about 50 kHz and about 500 kHz and a field strength between about 0.1 and about V/cm at the target region.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the applying step lasts for at least five days.
14. The method of claim 12, wherein the electric field has a frequency between about 170 kHz and about 250 kHz and a field strength between about 1 and about V/cm at the target region.
15. The method of claim 12, wherein the electric field has a frequency of about 120 kHz and a field strength between about 1 and about 10 V/cm at the target region.
16. The method of claim 12, wherein the conductive substrate is a single piece of conductive material.
17. The method of claim 12, wherein the conductive substrate comprises a plurality of separate sections that are attached to one another in a manner that permits the sections to move with respect to neighboring sections, by a limited amount.
18. The method of claim 12, wherein the conductive substrate comprises a plurality of roughly parallel wires spaced apart by at least 2 mm, and wherein the thin dielectric material surrounds each of the wires.
19. The method of claim 12, wherein the open spaces are at least 2 mm wide.
20. The method of claim 12, wherein the open spaces are at least 4 mm wide.
21. The method of claim 12, wherein the open spaces have an area that is least square mm.
22. The method of claim 12, wherein the open spaces have an area that is least 16 square mm.
23. The method of claim 12, further comprising the step of moving the electrodes from a first position in which first portions of the surface of a patient's body are covered by solid portions of the electrodes to a second position in which the first portions are not covered by the solid portions of the electrodes, wherein the overall footprints of the electrodes in the first position substantially overlap the overall footprints of the electrodes in the second position.
24. The method of claim 23, wherein the electrodes are switched between the first position and the second position every 2-4 days.
25. A method of treating a patient with an AC electric field, comprising the steps of:
placing at least two electrodes against a patient's body, the electrodes having a conductive substrate and a thin dielectric layer located between the patient and the conductive substrate, the dielectric layer having a dielectric constant of at least 1000, wherein at least one of the electrodes has a plurality of open spaces passing therethrough, the open spaces being distributed and sized to permit moisture that is located beneath the electrode to escape via the open spaces; and applying an AC voltage across the electrodes to induce an electric field at a target region in the patient's body, the electric field having a frequency between about 50 kHz and about 500 kHz and a field strength between about 0.1 and about V/cm at the target region.
placing at least two electrodes against a patient's body, the electrodes having a conductive substrate and a thin dielectric layer located between the patient and the conductive substrate, the dielectric layer having a dielectric constant of at least 1000, wherein at least one of the electrodes has a plurality of open spaces passing therethrough, the open spaces being distributed and sized to permit moisture that is located beneath the electrode to escape via the open spaces; and applying an AC voltage across the electrodes to induce an electric field at a target region in the patient's body, the electric field having a frequency between about 50 kHz and about 500 kHz and a field strength between about 0.1 and about V/cm at the target region.
26. The method of claim 25, wherein the applying step lasts for at least five days.
27. The method of claim 25, wherein the electric field has a frequency between about 170 kHz and about 250 kHz and a field strength between about 1 and about V/cm at the target region.
28. The method of claim 25, wherein the electric field has a frequency of about 120 kHz and a field strength between about 1 and about 10 V/cm at the target region.
29. The method of claim 25, wherein the conductive substrate is a single piece of conductive material.
30. The method of claim 25, wherein the conductive substrate comprises a plurality of separate sections that are attached to one another in a manner that permits the sections to move with respect to neighboring sections, by a limited amount.
31. The method of claim 25, wherein the conductive substrate comprises a plurality of roughly parallel wires spaced apart by at least 2 mm, and wherein the thin dielectric material surrounds each of the wires.
32. The method of claim 25, wherein the open spaces are at least 2 mm wide.
33. The method of claim 25, wherein the open spaces are at least 4 mm wide.
34. The method of claim 25, wherein the open spaces have an area that is least square mm.
35. The method of claim 25, wherein the open spaces have an area that is least 16 square mm.
36. The method of claim 25, further comprising the step of moving the electrodes from a first position in which first portions of the surface of a patient's body are covered by solid portions of the electrodes to a second position in which the first portions are not covered by the solid portions of the electrodes, wherein the overall footprints of the electrodes in the first position substantially overlap the overall footprints of the electrodes in the second position.
37. The method of claim 36, wherein the electrodes are switched between the first position and the second position every 2-4 days.
38. The method of claim 25, wherein the dielectric layer has a dielectric constant of at least 10,000.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US63387104P | 2004-12-07 | 2004-12-07 | |
US60/633,871 | 2004-12-07 | ||
PCT/IB2005/003670 WO2006061688A1 (en) | 2004-12-07 | 2005-12-05 | Electrodes for applying an electric field in-vivo over an extended period of time |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA2590342A1 true CA2590342A1 (en) | 2006-06-15 |
CA2590342C CA2590342C (en) | 2016-09-20 |
Family
ID=36096350
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA2590342A Active CA2590342C (en) | 2004-12-07 | 2005-12-05 | Electrodes for applying an electric field in-vivo over an extended period of time |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US7715921B2 (en) |
EP (5) | EP1833552B1 (en) |
JP (2) | JP5260056B2 (en) |
CN (2) | CN102389618B (en) |
AT (1) | ATE463277T1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2590342C (en) |
DE (1) | DE602005020504D1 (en) |
DK (5) | DK2364747T3 (en) |
ES (5) | ES2563282T3 (en) |
HK (1) | HK1142019A1 (en) |
PT (5) | PT2364748T (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006061688A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (113)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7136699B2 (en) * | 2002-10-02 | 2006-11-14 | Standen, Ltd. | Apparatus for destroying dividing cells |
US8447395B2 (en) * | 2000-02-17 | 2013-05-21 | Novocure Ltd | Treating bacteria with electric fields |
US7599746B2 (en) | 2000-02-17 | 2009-10-06 | Standen Ltd | Apparatus and method for preventing the spread of cancerous metastases and for elimination of metastases |
US7565206B2 (en) * | 2000-02-17 | 2009-07-21 | Standen Ltd. | Treating a tumor or the like with electric fields at different orientations |
US8175698B2 (en) | 2000-02-17 | 2012-05-08 | Novocure Ltd. | Treating bacteria with electric fields |
US7089054B2 (en) * | 2002-10-02 | 2006-08-08 | Standen Ltd. | Apparatus and method for treating a tumor or the like |
EP2335776A1 (en) | 2000-02-17 | 2011-06-22 | Yoram Palti | Method and apparatus for destroying dividing cells |
US9962538B2 (en) * | 2003-02-06 | 2018-05-08 | Axelgaard Manufacturing Company, Ltd. | Multi-electrode with lateral conductivity control |
CA2563817C (en) | 2004-04-23 | 2018-07-10 | Yoram Palti | Treating a tumor or the like with electric fields at different frequencies |
US8417352B2 (en) * | 2004-10-19 | 2013-04-09 | Meagan Medical, Inc. | System and method for stimulating sensory nerves |
ES2645676T3 (en) * | 2004-10-19 | 2017-12-07 | Meagan Medical, Inc. | Means for electrical stimulation of sensitive skin receptors |
PT2364748T (en) * | 2004-12-07 | 2018-03-26 | Novocure Ltd | Electrodes for applying an electric field in-vivo over an extended period of time |
DK1933937T3 (en) * | 2005-10-03 | 2015-04-07 | Novocure Ltd | OPTIMIZATION OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF AN ELECTRIC FIELD FOR ENHANCING FIELD EFFECT ON proliferating cells |
US8874227B2 (en) | 2009-03-20 | 2014-10-28 | ElectroCore, LLC | Devices and methods for non-invasive capacitive electrical stimulation and their use for vagus nerve stimulation on the neck of a patient |
WO2007092101A2 (en) * | 2005-12-29 | 2007-08-16 | Boston Scientific Limited | Foam electrode for tissue resection |
US9339641B2 (en) | 2006-01-17 | 2016-05-17 | Emkinetics, Inc. | Method and apparatus for transdermal stimulation over the palmar and plantar surfaces |
US9610459B2 (en) | 2009-07-24 | 2017-04-04 | Emkinetics, Inc. | Cooling systems and methods for conductive coils |
WO2007088395A1 (en) * | 2006-02-03 | 2007-08-09 | Bae Systems Plc | Improvements relating to damage sensors |
US8019414B2 (en) | 2006-04-05 | 2011-09-13 | Novocure Ltd. | Treating cancer using electromagnetic fields in combination with other treatment regimens |
WO2008034100A2 (en) * | 2006-09-14 | 2008-03-20 | Lazure Technologies, Llc | Ablation probe with deployable electrodes |
US11224742B2 (en) | 2006-10-02 | 2022-01-18 | Emkinetics, Inc. | Methods and devices for performing electrical stimulation to treat various conditions |
US10786669B2 (en) | 2006-10-02 | 2020-09-29 | Emkinetics, Inc. | Method and apparatus for transdermal stimulation over the palmar and plantar surfaces |
US9005102B2 (en) | 2006-10-02 | 2015-04-14 | Emkinetics, Inc. | Method and apparatus for electrical stimulation therapy |
EP3231480A1 (en) * | 2007-03-06 | 2017-10-18 | Novocure Ltd. | Treating cancer using electromagnetic fields in combination with photodynamic therapy |
WO2009022225A1 (en) * | 2007-08-14 | 2009-02-19 | Novocure Ltd. | Treating parasites with electric fields |
WO2009036468A1 (en) * | 2007-09-14 | 2009-03-19 | Lazure Technologies, Llc | Transurethral systems and methods for ablation treatment of prostate tissue |
US8562602B2 (en) | 2007-09-14 | 2013-10-22 | Lazure Technologies, Llc | Multi-layer electrode ablation probe and related methods |
US20090076500A1 (en) * | 2007-09-14 | 2009-03-19 | Lazure Technologies, Llc | Multi-tine probe and treatment by activation of opposing tines |
EP2082777A1 (en) * | 2008-01-27 | 2009-07-29 | Oncotherm Kft. | Flexible and porous large-area electrode for heating |
CN102137621B (en) * | 2008-08-29 | 2013-05-08 | 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 | Compensation of motion artifacts in capacitive measurement of electrophysiological signals |
US20100100093A1 (en) * | 2008-09-16 | 2010-04-22 | Lazure Technologies, Llc. | System and method for controlled tissue heating for destruction of cancerous cells |
US8805517B2 (en) | 2008-12-11 | 2014-08-12 | Nokia Corporation | Apparatus for providing nerve stimulation and related methods |
US8728139B2 (en) | 2009-04-16 | 2014-05-20 | Lazure Technologies, Llc | System and method for energy delivery to a tissue using an electrode array |
US8779307B2 (en) | 2009-10-05 | 2014-07-15 | Nokia Corporation | Generating perceptible touch stimulus |
JP2013508119A (en) | 2009-10-26 | 2013-03-07 | エムキネティクス, インコーポレイテッド | Method and apparatus for electromagnetic stimulation of nerves, muscles and body tissues |
US9526911B1 (en) | 2010-04-27 | 2016-12-27 | Lazure Scientific, Inc. | Immune mediated cancer cell destruction, systems and methods |
US8791800B2 (en) | 2010-05-12 | 2014-07-29 | Nokia Corporation | Detecting touch input and generating perceptible touch stimulus |
US9579690B2 (en) | 2010-05-20 | 2017-02-28 | Nokia Technologies Oy | Generating perceptible touch stimulus |
US8473072B2 (en) * | 2010-06-08 | 2013-06-25 | Axelgaard Manufacturing Company, Ltd. | Customizable medical electrode |
US9110507B2 (en) | 2010-08-13 | 2015-08-18 | Nokia Technologies Oy | Generating perceptible touch stimulus |
KR101030082B1 (en) * | 2010-09-10 | 2011-04-19 | 한국기계연구원 | Electric field treatment and manufacturing method of the same |
CA2812086A1 (en) * | 2010-09-20 | 2012-03-29 | Emkinetics, Inc. | Method and apparatus for transdermal stimulation over the palmar and plantar surfaces |
US8684901B1 (en) | 2010-11-22 | 2014-04-01 | Jacob Zabara | Electromagnetic radiation treatment for cancer and pathological genetic regulations |
US9233257B1 (en) | 2010-11-22 | 2016-01-12 | Jacob Zabara | Electromagnetic radiation treatment |
AU2012364909B2 (en) | 2011-02-15 | 2016-11-24 | Hemosonics, Llc | Characterization of blood hemostasis and oxygen transport parameters |
JP2014522714A (en) | 2011-08-08 | 2014-09-08 | ルース,リチャード,ビー. | Method and apparatus for treating cancer |
US9486625B2 (en) | 2011-08-08 | 2016-11-08 | Medamp Electronics, Llc | Method for treating benign prostate hyperplasia |
AU2013312785B2 (en) | 2012-09-05 | 2018-03-01 | ElectroCore, LLC | Non-invasive vagal nerve stimulation to treat disorders |
CA2887813C (en) * | 2012-10-11 | 2021-06-15 | Sunnybrook Research Institute | Electrode designs for efficient neural stimulation |
US9161802B2 (en) | 2013-01-03 | 2015-10-20 | Solta Medical, Inc. | Patterned electrodes for tissue treatment systems |
US9962546B2 (en) | 2013-02-21 | 2018-05-08 | Meagan Medical, Inc. | Cutaneous field stimulation with disposable and rechargeable components |
US8880196B2 (en) * | 2013-03-04 | 2014-11-04 | Zoll Medical Corporation | Flexible therapy electrode |
KR101297791B1 (en) * | 2013-03-22 | 2013-08-19 | 이기세 | Tip structure for a skin care apparatus |
US9655669B2 (en) | 2013-05-06 | 2017-05-23 | Novocure Limited | Optimizing treatment using TTFields by changing the frequency during the course of long term tumor treatment |
US10779875B2 (en) | 2013-05-06 | 2020-09-22 | Novocure Gmbh | Optimizing treatment using TTfields by changing the frequency during the course of long term tumor treatment |
US20190117963A1 (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2019-04-25 | Loyalty Based Innovations, LLC | Apparatus and method for treating multiple tumors in patients with metastatic disease by electric fields |
US9726647B2 (en) | 2015-03-17 | 2017-08-08 | Hemosonics, Llc | Determining mechanical properties via ultrasound-induced resonance |
GB201511205D0 (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2015-08-12 | Sky Medical Technology Ltd | Multiple negative electrodes |
US10188851B2 (en) | 2015-10-28 | 2019-01-29 | Novocure Limited | TTField treatment with optimization of electrode positions on the head based on MRI-based conductivity measurements |
US10821283B2 (en) | 2016-04-04 | 2020-11-03 | Novocure Gmbh | Reducing motility of cancer cells using tumor treating fields (TTFields) |
WO2018002879A1 (en) | 2016-06-30 | 2018-01-04 | Zeev Bomzon | Arrays for longitudinal delivery of ttfields to a body |
CA3049949A1 (en) | 2017-01-19 | 2018-07-26 | Novocure Limited | System for viewing cell cultures under a microscope whilst applying tumor treating fields |
US20190117970A1 (en) | 2017-10-23 | 2019-04-25 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Electric field shaping leads for treatment of cancer |
US11338135B2 (en) | 2017-10-23 | 2022-05-24 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Medical devices for cancer therapy with electric field shaping elements |
CN110115803A (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2019-08-13 | 张建义 | A kind of power supply device can be used for biomedical research and auxiliary electrode Array Design |
US10953209B2 (en) | 2018-03-28 | 2021-03-23 | Board Of Regents Of The University Of Texas System | Treating tumors using TTFields combined with a PARP inhibitor |
EP3773726A1 (en) | 2018-04-09 | 2021-02-17 | Moshe Giladi | Treating tumors with ttfields and an aurora kinase inhibitor |
PL3775956T3 (en) | 2018-04-10 | 2022-10-10 | Novocure Gmbh | Low frequency (< 1 mhz) ac conductivity estimates derived from two mri images having different repetition times |
JP6696084B2 (en) | 2018-05-21 | 2020-05-20 | 深江 公俊 | Waterproof case for low frequency electrical stimulator, waterproof low frequency electrical stimulator, and insulator electrode for low frequency electrical stimulator |
EP3900774B1 (en) | 2018-07-03 | 2022-10-05 | The Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University | Using alternating electric fields to increase cell membrane permeability |
KR102104961B1 (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2020-04-27 | 고려대학교산학협력단 | Apparatus for alternating electric fields therapy using optimized algorithm |
SG11202012564SA (en) | 2018-07-10 | 2021-01-28 | Novocure Gmbh | Inhibiting viral infection using alternating electric fields |
US11179322B2 (en) | 2018-07-10 | 2021-11-23 | Novocure Gmbh | Methods and compositions for treating tumors with TTFields and sorafenib |
KR102607603B1 (en) | 2018-07-18 | 2023-11-29 | 노보큐어 게엠베하 | Use of power loss density and related measurements to quantify tumor treatment field capacity |
CA3100817A1 (en) | 2018-08-23 | 2020-02-27 | Carsten Hagemann | Using alternating electric fields to increase permeability of the blood brain barrier |
US11160977B2 (en) | 2018-09-04 | 2021-11-02 | Novocure Gmbh | Delivering tumor treating fields (TTFields) to the infratentorial brain |
WO2020049482A1 (en) | 2018-09-07 | 2020-03-12 | Yaniv Alon | Treating autoimmune diseases using an alternating electric field to reduce the proliferation of t-cells |
EP3878505B1 (en) | 2018-10-15 | 2023-05-24 | Novocure GmbH | Generating tumor treating fields (ttfields) with high uniformity throughout the brain |
US11369790B2 (en) | 2018-10-25 | 2022-06-28 | Novocure Gmbh | Delivering alternating electric fields (e.g., TTFields) to a subject's spinal anatomy |
EP3873587A4 (en) * | 2018-11-01 | 2022-08-17 | LifeBridge Innovations, PBC | Apparatus and method for treating multiple tumors in patients with metastatic disease by electric fields |
EP3922301B1 (en) | 2018-11-19 | 2024-02-21 | Novocure GmbH | Arrays for delivering tumor treating fields (ttfields) with selectively addressable sub-elements |
EP4019082B1 (en) | 2018-11-29 | 2024-04-03 | Novocure GmbH | Enhanced-flexibility transducer arrays for delivering ttfields (tumor treating fields) |
CN113330485A (en) | 2019-01-08 | 2021-08-31 | 诺沃库勒有限责任公司 | Assessing the quality of segmenting an image into different types of tissue for planning a treatment using a tumor treatment field (TTField) |
CA3127276A1 (en) | 2019-02-26 | 2020-09-03 | Novocure Gmbh | Determining a frequency for ttfields treatment based on an electrical characteristic of targeted cancer cells |
CN113453638A (en) | 2019-02-27 | 2021-09-28 | 诺沃库勒有限责任公司 | Delivering tumor therapy fields (TTfields) using an implantable transducer array |
CN113613651A (en) | 2019-03-29 | 2021-11-05 | 诺沃库勒有限责任公司 | Method of restoring sensitivity to TTField in TTField-resistant cancer cells using PTGER3 inhibitors |
PL3960232T3 (en) | 2019-04-17 | 2023-05-15 | Novocure Gmbh | Uploading data from an isolated system without compromising isolation |
US11420049B2 (en) | 2019-04-22 | 2022-08-23 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Systems for administering electrical stimulation to treat cancer |
CN113727753A (en) | 2019-04-22 | 2021-11-30 | 波士顿科学国际有限公司 | Electrical stimulation device for cancer treatment |
CN113747936A (en) | 2019-04-23 | 2021-12-03 | 波士顿科学国际有限公司 | Electrode for electrical stimulation to treat cancer |
US11712561B2 (en) | 2019-04-23 | 2023-08-01 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Electrical stimulation with thermal treatment or thermal monitoring |
WO2020219517A2 (en) | 2019-04-23 | 2020-10-29 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Electrical stimulation for cancer treatment with internal and external electrodes |
EP4003492A1 (en) | 2019-07-31 | 2022-06-01 | Novocure GmbH | Applying tumor treating fields (ttfields) via electrodes embedded into skull implants |
JP2022545794A (en) | 2019-08-30 | 2022-10-31 | ノボキュア ゲーエムベーハー | Application of tumor therapeutic fields (TTFields) to the neck |
WO2021092402A1 (en) | 2019-11-08 | 2021-05-14 | Novocure Gmbh | Perforated hydrogel configurations and methods of production and use thereof |
KR20220123079A (en) | 2019-12-31 | 2022-09-05 | 노보큐어 게엠베하 | Arrays delivering a tumor treatment field (tumor treatment field) with individually accessible electrode elements and temperature sensors |
US20210196967A1 (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2021-07-01 | Novocure Gmbh | Methods, systems, and apparatuses for managing temperatures induced by alternating fields |
EP4054705A2 (en) | 2019-12-31 | 2022-09-14 | Novocure GmbH | High voltage, high efficiency sine wave generator that prevents spikes during amplitude adjustments and switching of channels |
CN115515674A (en) | 2020-02-24 | 2022-12-23 | 波士顿科学国际有限公司 | Systems and methods for treating pancreatic cancer |
KR102464313B1 (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2022-11-08 | 주식회사 필드큐어 | Apparatus and Method for Quality Assurance in Electric Field Therapy |
WO2021257967A1 (en) | 2020-06-19 | 2021-12-23 | The Methodist Hospital Dba Houston Methodist Hospital | Method and apparatus for oncomagnetic treatment |
US11818943B2 (en) | 2020-06-25 | 2023-11-14 | Novocure Gmbh | Fabricating organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) using tubulin |
IL296640A (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2022-11-01 | Novocure Gmbh | Flexible transducer arrays with a polymer insulating layer for applying tumor treating fields (ttfields) |
WO2022018615A1 (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2022-01-27 | Palti Yoram Prof | Apparatus for strengthening muscle contraction (e.g., cardiac muscle contraction) using electric fields |
US11877838B2 (en) * | 2021-08-14 | 2024-01-23 | Nano Hesgarsazan Salamat Arya | Preventing cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients by suppressing clonal expansion in activated lymphocytes using alternating electric fields |
CN113749762B (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2022-06-17 | 江苏海莱新创医疗科技有限公司 | High heat radiation performance electrode |
CN114099958B (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2023-10-13 | 江苏海莱新创医疗科技有限公司 | Electric field therapeutic instrument and electrode patch thereof |
CN114099960B (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2023-01-24 | 江苏海莱新创医疗科技有限公司 | Tumor electric field treatment system and electrode patch thereof |
CN114306930A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-04-12 | 杭州海莱新创医疗科技有限公司 | Tumor electric field treatment system and electrode plate thereof |
CN114099954B (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2023-06-06 | 江苏海莱新创医疗科技有限公司 | Electric field therapeutic instrument and electrode patch thereof |
CN114272513A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-04-05 | 杭州海莱新创医疗科技有限公司 | Tumor electric field treatment system and electrode plate thereof |
KR102568337B1 (en) | 2021-09-30 | 2023-08-21 | 주식회사 필드큐어 | Method of optimizing electrode system |
KR102650606B1 (en) * | 2021-10-15 | 2024-03-21 | 가톨릭대학교 산학협력단 | Method and apparatus for supplying current for cancer treatment |
Family Cites Families (81)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR446660A (en) | 1911-09-02 | 1912-12-12 | Gottlieb Schuettel | Device for continuous ring looms for mounting the sliders on the rings |
US2130759A (en) * | 1937-12-11 | 1938-09-20 | E J Rose Mfg Company Of Califo | Electrode for diathermy treatment |
BE794566A (en) | 1972-01-28 | 1973-07-26 | Esb Inc | BIOELECTROCHEMICAL REGENERATOR AND STIMULATOR AND IN VIVO APPLICATION METHODS OF ELECTRIC ENERGY TO CELLS AND TISSUES. |
DE2314573C2 (en) * | 1973-03-23 | 1986-12-18 | Werner Dipl.-Ing. 8000 München Kraus | Device for promoting healing processes |
US3991770A (en) | 1974-01-24 | 1976-11-16 | Leveen Harry H | Method for treating benign and malignant tumors utilizing radio frequency, electromagnetic radiation |
US4016886A (en) | 1974-11-26 | 1977-04-12 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration | Method for localizing heating in tumor tissue |
US4121592A (en) | 1975-08-04 | 1978-10-24 | Critical Systems, Inc. | Apparatus for heating tissue |
US4140130A (en) * | 1977-05-31 | 1979-02-20 | Storm Iii Frederick K | Electrode structure for radio frequency localized heating of tumor bearing tissue |
DE2907013A1 (en) | 1978-02-24 | 1979-08-30 | American Med Syst | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR AIDING THE HEALING OF INJURED BONE CARTILES AND TISSUES IN THE FACIAL AREA |
DE2813068A1 (en) | 1978-03-25 | 1979-10-04 | Philips Patentverwaltung | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DETERMINING INTERNAL BODY STRUCTURES |
US4367755A (en) | 1979-01-31 | 1983-01-11 | Stimtech, Inc. | Stimulating electrode |
GB2043453A (en) | 1979-02-22 | 1980-10-08 | Electrochem Tech Corp | Improvements in or relating to an electrode |
US4472952A (en) * | 1980-06-23 | 1984-09-25 | Hollowell Jr Robert L | System for managing the issuance and return of selected articles such as tools, keys and the like |
US4472506A (en) | 1981-01-13 | 1984-09-18 | Liburdy Robert P | Method for determining cell membrane dielectric breakdown |
US4467809A (en) | 1982-09-17 | 1984-08-28 | Biolectron, Inc. | Method for non-invasive electrical stimulation of epiphyseal plate growth |
US4622952A (en) | 1983-01-13 | 1986-11-18 | Gordon Robert T | Cancer treatment method |
CA1244889A (en) | 1983-01-24 | 1988-11-15 | Kureha Chemical Ind Co Ltd | Device for hyperthermia |
DE3323415C2 (en) | 1983-06-29 | 1985-04-25 | Kernforschungsanlage Jülich GmbH, 5170 Jülich | Use of a method and a device for the determination of cells secreting cell constituents |
SE455920B (en) | 1986-01-29 | 1988-08-22 | Hans Wiksell | TUMOR HYPERTERMY TREATMENT DEVICE |
US4923814A (en) | 1986-05-09 | 1990-05-08 | Electropore, Inc. | High speed, high power apparatus for vesicle prealignment, poration, loading and fusion in uniform electric fields and method therefor |
CN86103803B (en) | 1986-06-05 | 1987-11-18 | 北京信息工程学院 | Therapeutic equipment using electrostatic field |
US4837049A (en) * | 1986-06-17 | 1989-06-06 | Alfred E. Mann Foundation For Scientific Research | Method of making an electrode array |
US4822470A (en) | 1987-10-09 | 1989-04-18 | Baylor College Of Medicine | Method of and apparatus for cell poration and cell fusion using radiofrequency electrical pulses |
US4936303A (en) | 1987-11-20 | 1990-06-26 | Ultrathermics | Ultrasonic heating apparatus and method |
JPH0629196B2 (en) | 1987-12-01 | 1994-04-20 | 甲子郎 梅村 | Physiological action enhancer for tumor treatment by ultrasound |
US5389069A (en) | 1988-01-21 | 1995-02-14 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Method and apparatus for in vivo electroporation of remote cells and tissue |
FR2627987B3 (en) | 1988-03-04 | 1990-02-02 | Indiba Sa | ELECTRONIC APPARATUS FOR MEDICAL AND COSMETIC THERAPY |
US4926879A (en) * | 1988-06-13 | 1990-05-22 | Sevrain-Tech, Inc. | Electro-tactile stimulator |
US5158071A (en) | 1988-07-01 | 1992-10-27 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Ultrasonic apparatus for therapeutical use |
GB8904998D0 (en) | 1989-03-04 | 1989-04-19 | Matthews Tony | Anaesthetising apparatus |
US5099756A (en) | 1989-06-01 | 1992-03-31 | Harry H. Leveen | Radio frequency thermotherapy |
US5441746A (en) | 1989-12-22 | 1995-08-15 | Molecular Bioquest, Inc. | Electromagnetic wave absorbing, surface modified magnetic particles for use in medical applications, and their method of production |
US5236410A (en) | 1990-08-02 | 1993-08-17 | Ferrotherm International, Inc. | Tumor treatment method |
CA2109084C (en) | 1991-05-03 | 2004-02-24 | John William Fisher Costerton | Biofilm reduction method |
US5441532A (en) | 1991-06-26 | 1995-08-15 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Adaptive focusing and nulling hyperthermia annular and monopole phased array applicators |
US5468223A (en) | 1992-11-30 | 1995-11-21 | C.N.R.S. Paris | Electrochemotherapy |
US5386837A (en) | 1993-02-01 | 1995-02-07 | Mmtc, Inc. | Method for enhancing delivery of chemotherapy employing high-frequency force fields |
FR2703253B1 (en) | 1993-03-30 | 1995-06-23 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | APPLICATOR OF ELECTRIC PULSES FOR TREATING BIOLOGICAL TISSUES. |
IL108775A (en) | 1994-02-25 | 2003-09-17 | Univ Ramot | Method for efficient incorporation of molecules into cells |
US5704355A (en) | 1994-07-01 | 1998-01-06 | Bridges; Jack E. | Non-invasive system for breast cancer detection |
AU6639596A (en) | 1995-07-28 | 1997-02-26 | James R. Gray | Use of a polarizing field to modify the efficacy of a bioactive agent |
US5606971A (en) | 1995-11-13 | 1997-03-04 | Artann Corporation, A Nj Corp. | Method and device for shear wave elasticity imaging |
US5718246A (en) | 1996-01-03 | 1998-02-17 | Preferential, Inc. | Preferential induction of electrically mediated cell death from applied pulses |
JPH09313618A (en) * | 1996-06-03 | 1997-12-09 | Masaaki Kuribayashi | Arrangement device for electrode for medical use |
US5911223A (en) * | 1996-08-09 | 1999-06-15 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Introduction of modifying agents into skin by electroporation |
US5984882A (en) | 1996-08-19 | 1999-11-16 | Angiosonics Inc. | Methods for prevention and treatment of cancer and other proliferative diseases with ultrasonic energy |
US5869326A (en) | 1996-09-09 | 1999-02-09 | Genetronics, Inc. | Electroporation employing user-configured pulsing scheme |
US5848966A (en) * | 1997-03-04 | 1998-12-15 | Graphic Controls Corporation | Medical device easily removed from skin and a method of removal therefrom |
US6055453A (en) | 1997-08-01 | 2000-04-25 | Genetronics, Inc. | Apparatus for addressing needle array electrodes for electroporation therapy |
US6043066A (en) | 1997-09-04 | 2000-03-28 | Mangano; Joseph A. | Cell separation using electric fields |
US5974344A (en) * | 1998-03-02 | 1999-10-26 | Shoemaker, Ii; Charles | Wound care electrode |
US6027488A (en) | 1998-06-03 | 2000-02-22 | Genetronics, Inc. | Flow-through electroporation system for ex vivo gene therapy |
US5976092A (en) | 1998-06-15 | 1999-11-02 | Chinn; Douglas O. | Combination stereotactic surgical guide and ultrasonic probe |
US6319901B1 (en) | 1998-10-15 | 2001-11-20 | Ichor Medical Systems, Inc. | Methods for prolonging cell membrane permeability |
ATE298536T1 (en) | 1999-03-09 | 2005-07-15 | Thermage Inc | DEVICE FOR TREATING TISSUE |
US6678558B1 (en) | 1999-03-25 | 2004-01-13 | Genetronics, Inc. | Method and apparatus for reducing electroporation-mediated muscle reaction and pain response |
US6366808B1 (en) | 2000-03-13 | 2002-04-02 | Edward A. Schroeppel | Implantable device and method for the electrical treatment of cancer |
US6853864B2 (en) | 2000-02-02 | 2005-02-08 | Catholic University Of America, The | Use of electromagnetic fields in cancer and other therapies |
US7565206B2 (en) | 2000-02-17 | 2009-07-21 | Standen Ltd. | Treating a tumor or the like with electric fields at different orientations |
US8175698B2 (en) | 2000-02-17 | 2012-05-08 | Novocure Ltd. | Treating bacteria with electric fields |
US6868289B2 (en) | 2002-10-02 | 2005-03-15 | Standen Ltd. | Apparatus for treating a tumor or the like and articles incorporating the apparatus for treatment of the tumor |
US7089054B2 (en) | 2002-10-02 | 2006-08-08 | Standen Ltd. | Apparatus and method for treating a tumor or the like |
US7016725B2 (en) | 2001-11-06 | 2006-03-21 | Standen Ltd. | Method and apparatus for destroying dividing cells |
US7136699B2 (en) | 2002-10-02 | 2006-11-14 | Standen, Ltd. | Apparatus for destroying dividing cells |
US7599746B2 (en) | 2000-02-17 | 2009-10-06 | Standen Ltd | Apparatus and method for preventing the spread of cancerous metastases and for elimination of metastases |
US7146210B2 (en) | 2000-02-17 | 2006-12-05 | Standen Ltd. | Apparatus and method for optimizing tumor treatment efficiency by electric fields |
EP2335776A1 (en) | 2000-02-17 | 2011-06-22 | Yoram Palti | Method and apparatus for destroying dividing cells |
US6546290B1 (en) | 2000-04-12 | 2003-04-08 | Roamitron Holding S.A. | Method and apparatus for electromedical therapy |
US6994706B2 (en) | 2001-08-13 | 2006-02-07 | Minnesota Medical Physics, Llc | Apparatus and method for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia |
US6694193B2 (en) * | 2001-09-14 | 2004-02-17 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Medical electrode and release liner configurations facilitating packaged electrode characterization |
US7043308B2 (en) * | 2003-02-19 | 2006-05-09 | Stimu-Heal, Inc. | Surface electrode for electrical stimulation of tissue |
CA2563817C (en) | 2004-04-23 | 2018-07-10 | Yoram Palti | Treating a tumor or the like with electric fields at different frequencies |
US7463917B2 (en) * | 2004-04-28 | 2008-12-09 | Medtronic, Inc. | Electrodes for sustained delivery of energy |
DE102004028156A1 (en) | 2004-06-09 | 2006-01-05 | Kalbe, Jochen, Dr. | Combination of radio waves and one or more of monoclonal antibodies, tyrosine-kinase inhibitors, angiogenesisi inhibitors, farnesyl transferase inhibitors, topoisomerase - I or II inhibitors, cytokine and antisense oligonucleotides |
PT2364748T (en) | 2004-12-07 | 2018-03-26 | Novocure Ltd | Electrodes for applying an electric field in-vivo over an extended period of time |
ES2651812T3 (en) | 2005-06-08 | 2018-01-29 | Novocure Limited | Apparatus for treating cancer with electric fields that are guided to the desired locations within a body |
DK1933937T3 (en) | 2005-10-03 | 2015-04-07 | Novocure Ltd | OPTIMIZATION OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF AN ELECTRIC FIELD FOR ENHANCING FIELD EFFECT ON proliferating cells |
US8019414B2 (en) | 2006-04-05 | 2011-09-13 | Novocure Ltd. | Treating cancer using electromagnetic fields in combination with other treatment regimens |
EP3231480A1 (en) | 2007-03-06 | 2017-10-18 | Novocure Ltd. | Treating cancer using electromagnetic fields in combination with photodynamic therapy |
WO2009022225A1 (en) | 2007-08-14 | 2009-02-19 | Novocure Ltd. | Treating parasites with electric fields |
US8715203B2 (en) | 2007-09-17 | 2014-05-06 | Novocure Limited | Composite electrode |
-
2005
- 2005-12-05 PT PT100156587T patent/PT2364748T/en unknown
- 2005-12-05 ES ES09014785.1T patent/ES2563282T3/en active Active
- 2005-12-05 EP EP05826419A patent/EP1833552B1/en active Active
- 2005-12-05 DK DK10015656.1T patent/DK2364747T3/en active
- 2005-12-05 JP JP2007545005A patent/JP5260056B2/en active Active
- 2005-12-05 DK DK10015657.9T patent/DK2345451T3/en active
- 2005-12-05 EP EP10015657.9A patent/EP2345451B1/en active Active
- 2005-12-05 DE DE602005020504T patent/DE602005020504D1/en active Active
- 2005-12-05 EP EP10015658.7A patent/EP2364748B1/en active Active
- 2005-12-05 EP EP10015656.1A patent/EP2364747B1/en active Active
- 2005-12-05 DK DK10015658.7T patent/DK2364748T3/en active
- 2005-12-05 ES ES10015657.9T patent/ES2663782T3/en active Active
- 2005-12-05 US US11/294,780 patent/US7715921B2/en active Active
- 2005-12-05 ES ES10015656.1T patent/ES2663779T3/en active Active
- 2005-12-05 PT PT100156579T patent/PT2345451T/en unknown
- 2005-12-05 EP EP09014785.1A patent/EP2161054B1/en active Active
- 2005-12-05 WO PCT/IB2005/003670 patent/WO2006061688A1/en active Application Filing
- 2005-12-05 PT PT90147851T patent/PT2161054E/en unknown
- 2005-12-05 CN CN201010599490.3A patent/CN102389618B/en active Active
- 2005-12-05 ES ES05826419T patent/ES2344215T3/en active Active
- 2005-12-05 DK DK09014785.1T patent/DK2161054T3/en active
- 2005-12-05 ES ES10015658.7T patent/ES2660829T3/en active Active
- 2005-12-05 CN CN2005800467840A patent/CN101115522B/en active Active
- 2005-12-05 PT PT100156561T patent/PT2364747T/en unknown
- 2005-12-05 AT AT05826419T patent/ATE463277T1/en active
- 2005-12-05 PT PT05826419T patent/PT1833552E/en unknown
- 2005-12-05 DK DK05826419.3T patent/DK1833552T3/en active
- 2005-12-05 CA CA2590342A patent/CA2590342C/en active Active
-
2010
- 2010-03-23 US US12/729,545 patent/US8170684B2/en active Active
- 2010-09-08 HK HK10108508.6A patent/HK1142019A1/en unknown
-
2012
- 2012-03-27 JP JP2012071977A patent/JP5653954B2/en active Active
Also Published As
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CA2590342C (en) | Electrodes for applying an electric field in-vivo over an extended period of time | |
US7599746B2 (en) | Apparatus and method for preventing the spread of cancerous metastases and for elimination of metastases | |
US5785040A (en) | Medical electrode system | |
EP4085967B1 (en) | Applying tumor treating fields (ttfields) via electrodes embedded into skull implants | |
JP2006513739A (en) | Device for treating tumors and the like, and a product equipped with a device for treating tumors | |
CN112774024A (en) | Electrode pad with moisture absorption structure applied to human skin | |
TWI805954B (en) | Applying tumor treating fields (ttfields) via electrodes embedded into skull implants | |
CN215961794U (en) | Electrode pad with moisture absorption structure applied to human skin | |
RU2191557C2 (en) | Physiotherapeutic device |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
EEER | Examination request |