CA2531706A1 - Ion transport membrane module and vessel system with directed internal gas flow - Google Patents

Ion transport membrane module and vessel system with directed internal gas flow Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2531706A1
CA2531706A1 CA002531706A CA2531706A CA2531706A1 CA 2531706 A1 CA2531706 A1 CA 2531706A1 CA 002531706 A CA002531706 A CA 002531706A CA 2531706 A CA2531706 A CA 2531706A CA 2531706 A1 CA2531706 A1 CA 2531706A1
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interior
gas
pressure vessel
vessel
pressure
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CA002531706A
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French (fr)
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CA2531706C (en
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Michael Jerome Holmes
Theodore R. Ohrn
Christopher Ming-Poh Chen
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Air Products and Chemicals Inc
SofCo EFS Holdings LLC
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Individual
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C01B13/00—Oxygen; Ozone; Oxides or hydroxides in general
    • C01B13/02—Preparation of oxygen
    • C01B13/0229—Purification or separation processes
    • C01B13/0248—Physical processing only
    • C01B13/0251—Physical processing only by making use of membranes
    • C01B13/0255—Physical processing only by making use of membranes characterised by the type of membrane
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
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    • B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
    • B01D53/228—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion characterised by specific membranes
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    • B01D53/229—Integrated processes (Diffusion and at least one other process, e.g. adsorption, absorption)
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    • B01D53/64—Heavy metals or compounds thereof, e.g. mercury
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D63/08—Flat membrane modules
    • B01D63/082—Flat membrane modules comprising a stack of flat membranes
    • B01D63/084—Flat membrane modules comprising a stack of flat membranes at least one flow duct intersecting the membranes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D69/14—Dynamic membranes
    • B01D69/141—Heterogeneous membranes, e.g. containing dispersed material; Mixed matrix membranes
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    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
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    • C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
    • C01B3/384—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts the catalyst being continuously externally heated
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2256/00—Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
    • B01D2256/12—Oxygen
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
    • B01D2257/708—Volatile organic compounds V.O.C.'s
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
    • B01D2313/42—Catalysts within the flow path
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2319/00—Membrane assemblies within one housing
    • B01D2319/04—Elements in parallel
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    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
    • C01B2203/0211—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a non-catalytic reforming step
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    • C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
    • C01B2203/0211—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a non-catalytic reforming step
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    • C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
    • C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
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    • C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
    • C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0811—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel
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    • C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
    • C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0838—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by heat exchange with exothermic reactions, other than by combustion of fuel
    • C01B2203/0844—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by heat exchange with exothermic reactions, other than by combustion of fuel the non-combustive exothermic reaction being another reforming reaction as defined in groups C01B2203/02 - C01B2203/0294
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    • C01B2203/1211—Organic compounds or organic mixtures used in the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
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    • C01B2203/142—At least two reforming, decomposition or partial oxidation steps in series
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    • C01B2203/16—Controlling the process
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    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/80—Aspect of integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas not covered by groups C01B2203/02 - C01B2203/1695
    • C01B2203/82—Several process steps of C01B2203/02 - C01B2203/08 integrated into a single apparatus
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    • C01B2210/00—Purification or separation of specific gases
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    • C01B2210/00—Purification or separation of specific gases
    • C01B2210/0043—Impurity removed
    • C01B2210/0062—Water
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
    • H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts

Abstract

An ion transport membrane system comprising (a) a pressure vessel having an interior, an inlet adapted to introduce gas into the interior of the vessel, an outlet adapted to withdraw gas from the interior of the vessel, and an axis; (b) a plurality of planar ion transport membrane modules disposed in the interior of the pressure vessel and arranged in series, each membrane module comprising mixed metal oxide ceramic material and having an interior region and an exterior region; and (c) one or more gas flow control partitions disposed in the interior of the pressure vessel and adapted to change a direction of gas flow within the vessel.

Claims (25)

1. An ion transport membrane system comprising (a) a pressure vessel having an interior, an inlet adapted to introduce gas into the interior of the vessel, an outlet adapted to withdraw gas from the interior of the vessel, and an axis;

(b) a plurality of planar ion transport membrane modules disposed in the interior of the pressure vessel and arranged in series, each membrane module comprising mixed metal oxide ceramic material and having an interior region and an exterior region; and (c) one or more gas flow control partitions disposed in the interior of the pressure vessel and adapted to change a direction of gas flow within the vessel.
2. The system of Claim 1 wherein each planar membrane module comprises a plurality of wafers having planar parallel surfaces, and wherein the pressure vessel is cylindrical and the axis is parallel to some or all of the planar parallel surfaces of the wafers.
3. The system of Claim 1 which further comprises a flow containment duct disposed in the interior of the pressure vessel, wherein the flow containment duct has an interior region, surrounds the plurality of planar ion transport membrane modules, and is in flow communication with the inlet and outlet of the pressure vessel, and wherein the one or more gas flow control partitions are disposed in the interior region of the flow containment duct.
4. The system of Claim 3 wherein the flow containment duct and the one or more gas flow control partitions comprise an oxidation-resistant metal alloy containing iron and one or more elements selected from the group consisting of nickel and chromium.
5. The system of Claim 1 wherein at least two of the planar ion transport membrane modules define a module axis, and wherein the pressure vessel is cylindrical and has an axis that is parallel to or coaxial with the module axis.
6. The system of Claim 1 wherein at least two of the planar ion transport membrane modules define a module axis, and wherein the pressure vessel is cylindrical and has an axis that is perpendicular to the module axis.
7. The system of Claim 1 wherein each of the one or more flow control partitions is oriented such that an initial direction of gas flow is diverted to a final direction of gas flow wherein the angle formed between the initial direction of gas flow and the final direction of gas flow forms an angle of greater than zero degrees and less than or equal to 180 degrees.
8. The system of Claim 7 wherein each of the one or more flow control partitions is oriented such that the initial direction of gas flow is diverted to a final direction of gas flow wherein the angle formed between the initial direction of gas flow and the final direction of gas flow forms an angle of greater than 90 degrees and less than or equal to 180 degrees.
9. The system of Claim 7 wherein each of the one or more flow control partitions is oriented such that the initial direction of gas flow is diverted to a final direction of gas flow wherein the angle formed between the initial direction of gas flow and the final direction of gas flow forms an angle of 180 degrees.
10. The system of Claim 1 which further comprises (d) one or more additional pressure vessels, each having an interior, an inlet adapted to introduce gas into the interior of the vessel, an outlet adapted to withdraw gas from the interior of the vessel, and an axis;

(e) a plurality of planar ion transport membrane modules disposed in the interior of each of the pressure vessels and arranged in series, each membrane module comprising mixed metal oxide ceramic material and having an interior region and an exterior region; and (f) one or more gas flow control partitions disposed in the interior of each of the pressure vessels and adapted to change a direction of gas flow within any of the one or more pressure vessels;

wherein at least two of the pressure vessels are arranged in series such that the outlet of one pressure vessel is in flow communication with the inlet of another pressure vessel.
11. The system of Claim 1 which further comprises (d) one or more additional pressure vessels, each having an interior, an inlet adapted to introduce gas into the interior of the vessel, an outlet adapted to withdraw gas from the interior of the vessel, and an axis;

(e) a plurality of planar ion transport membrane modules disposed in the interior of each of the pressure vessels and arranged in series, each membrane module comprising mixed metal oxide ceramic material and having an interior region and an exterior region; and (f) one or more gas flow control partitions disposed in the interior of each of the pressure vessels and adapted to change a direction of gas flow within any of the one or more pressure vessels;

wherein at least two of the pressure vessels are arranged in parallel such that any inlet of one pressure vessel and any inlet of another pressure vessel are in flow communication with a common feed conduit.
12. The system of Claim 1 which further comprises catalyst disposed between any two of the planar ion transport membrane modules arranged in series.
13. The reactor system of Claim 12 wherein the catalyst comprises one or more metals or compounds containing metals selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, platinum, gold, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, and iron.
14. The reactor system of Claim 12 wherein the catalyst is placed between a plurality of the modules in series and the activity of the catalyst varies at different locations between the modules in series.
15. A method for the recovery of oxygen from an oxygen-containing gas comprising (a) providing an ion transport membrane separator system comprising (1) a pressure vessel having an interior, an inlet adapted to introduce gas into the interior of the vessel, an outlet adapted to withdraw gas from the interior of the vessel, and an axis;
(2) a plurality of planar ion transport membrane modules disposed in the interior of the pressure vessel and arranged in series, each membrane module comprising mixed metal oxide ceramic material and having an interior region and an exterior region; and (3) one or more gas flow control partitions disposed in the interior of the pressure vessel and adapted to change a direction of gas flow within the vessel;
(b) providing a heated, pressurized oxygen-containing feed gas stream, introducing the feed gas stream via the pressure vessel inlet to the exterior regions of the membrane modules, and contacting the feed gas stream with the mixed metal oxide ceramic material;
(c) permeating oxygen ions through the mixed metal oxide ceramic material, recovering high purity oxygen gas product in the interior regions of the membrane modules, and withdrawing the high purity oxygen gas product from the interior regions of the membrane modules through the gas manifolds to the exterior of the pressure vessel; and (d) withdrawing an oxygen-depleted oxygen-containing gas from the pressure vessel outlet.
16. The method of Claim 15 wherein the pressure of the oxygen-containing feed gas is greater than the pressure of the high purity oxygen gas product.
17. The method of Claim 15 which further comprises a flow containment duct disposed in the interior of the pressure vessel, wherein the flow containment duct has an interior region and an exterior region, surrounds the plurality of planar ion transport membrane modules, and is in flow communication with the inlet and outlet of the pressure vessel, and wherein the one or more gas flow control partitions are disposed in the interior region of the flow containment duct.
18. The method of Claim 17 wherein the pressure differential between the interior region and the exterior region of the flow containment duct at any point between the inlet and outlet of the pressure vessel is maintained at a value equal to or greater than zero, and wherein the pressure in the interior of the duct is equal to or greater than the pressure in the pressure vessel exterior to the duct.
19. An oxidation process comprising (a) providing an ion transport membrane reactor system comprising (1) a pressure vessel having an interior, an inlet adapted to introduce gas into the interior of the vessel, an outlet adapted to withdraw gas from the interior of the vessel, and an axis;
(2) a plurality of planar ion transport membrane modules disposed in the interior of the pressure vessel and arranged in series, each membrane module comprising mixed metal oxide ceramic material and having an interior region and an exterior region; and (3) one or more gas flow control partitions disposed in the interior of the pressure vessel and adapted to change a direction of gas flow within the vessel;
(b) providing a heated, pressurized reactant feed gas stream, introducing the reactant feed gas stream via the pressure vessel inlet to the exterior regions of the membrane modules;
(c) providing an oxygen-containing oxidant gas to the interior regions of the membrane modules, permeating oxygen ions through the mixed metal oxide ceramic material, reacting oxygen with components in the reactant feed gas stream in the exterior regions of the membrane modules to form oxidation products therein, and withdrawing the oxidation products from the exterior regions of the membrane modules through the outlet to the exterior of the pressure vessel to provide an oxidation product stream; and (d) withdrawing oxygen-depleted oxygen-containing gas from the interior regions of the membrane modules via the one or more manifolds to the exterior of the pressure vessel.
20. The process of Claim 19 wherein the pressure of the pressurized reactant feed gas stream is greater than the pressure of the oxygen-containing oxidant gas.
21. The process of Claim 19 which further comprises a flow containment duct disposed in the interior of the pressure vessel, wherein the flow containment duct has an interior region and an exterior region, surrounds the plurality of planar ion transport membrane modules, and is in flow communication with the inlet and outlet of the pressure vessel, and wherein the one or more gas flow control partitions are disposed in the interior region of the flow containment duct.
22. The process of Claim 21 wherein the pressure differential between the interior region and the exterior region of the flow containment duct at any point between the inlet and outlet of the pressure vessel is maintained at a value equal to or greater than zero, and wherein the pressure in the interior of the duct is equal to or greater than the pressure in the pressure vessel exterior to the duct.
23. The process of Claim 19 wherein the pressurized reactant feed gas stream comprises one or more hydrocarbons having one or more carbon atoms.
24. The process of Claim 23 wherein the pressurized reactant feed gas stream comprises methane.
25. The process of Claim 23 wherein the oxidation product stream comprises hydrogen and carbon oxides.
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