CA2502415A1 - Apparatus, systems and methods for processing and treating a biological fluid with light - Google Patents

Apparatus, systems and methods for processing and treating a biological fluid with light Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2502415A1
CA2502415A1 CA002502415A CA2502415A CA2502415A1 CA 2502415 A1 CA2502415 A1 CA 2502415A1 CA 002502415 A CA002502415 A CA 002502415A CA 2502415 A CA2502415 A CA 2502415A CA 2502415 A1 CA2502415 A1 CA 2502415A1
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Prior art keywords
light
sensing system
sensors
treatment chamber
signals
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Granted
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CA002502415A
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French (fr)
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CA2502415C (en
Inventor
Jeffrey M. Waldo
Walter Page Hatch
George D. Cimino
Peter Stark
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Cerus Corp
Fenwal Inc
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Individual
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
    • A61L2/0005—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor for pharmaceuticals, biologicals or living parts
    • A61L2/0011—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor for pharmaceuticals, biologicals or living parts using physical methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
    • A61L2/0005—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor for pharmaceuticals, biologicals or living parts
    • A61L2/0011—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor for pharmaceuticals, biologicals or living parts using physical methods
    • A61L2/0029—Radiation
    • A61L2/0047—Ultraviolet radiation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
    • A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
    • A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
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    • A61M1/3683—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits by irradiation using photoactive agents
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    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
    • A61M1/3681—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits by irradiation
    • A61M1/3683—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits by irradiation using photoactive agents
    • A61M1/3686—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits by irradiation using photoactive agents by removing photoactive agents after irradiation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
    • C02F1/32—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with ultraviolet light
    • C02F1/325—Irradiation devices or lamp constructions
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
    • G01J1/10—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter by comparison with reference light or electric value provisionally void
    • G01J1/20—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter by comparison with reference light or electric value provisionally void intensity of the measured or reference value being varied to equalise their effects at the detectors, e.g. by varying incidence angle
    • G01J1/28—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter by comparison with reference light or electric value provisionally void intensity of the measured or reference value being varied to equalise their effects at the detectors, e.g. by varying incidence angle using variation of intensity or distance of source
    • G01J1/30—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter by comparison with reference light or electric value provisionally void intensity of the measured or reference value being varied to equalise their effects at the detectors, e.g. by varying incidence angle using variation of intensity or distance of source using electric radiation detectors
    • G01J1/32—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter by comparison with reference light or electric value provisionally void intensity of the measured or reference value being varied to equalise their effects at the detectors, e.g. by varying incidence angle using variation of intensity or distance of source using electric radiation detectors adapted for automatic variation of the measured or reference value
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
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    • G01J1/4228—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors arrangements with two or more detectors, e.g. for sensitivity compensation
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    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
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    • A61L2202/00—Aspects relating to methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects
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Abstract

Apparatus (10), systems and methods are disclosed for treating a biological fluid with light. A container (206) of biological fluid is introduced into a fluid treatment chamber (40) where it is contacted with light provided by on e or more light sources (60, 70) in proximity to the fluid treatment chamber (40). A light sensing system (650) senses the intensity of illumination of t he light. A radiometer (460) may be inserted into fluid treatment chamber (40) to calibrate the light sensing system (650). An electronic control system (600) utilizes an interface circuit board (606) to interface a computer circuit board (602) to a display panel (37), a user interface panel (39, 39a), a rel ay circuit board (640), light sensors (404) and various other sensors (649). A detector (385) senses agitating movement of a tray (90) that contains biological fluids. Methods include calibrating (781-785), sensing (770-773) and correcting (774-775) light intensity measurements, and determining the length of treatment (776) to reach a desired illumination dose. A radiometer (460) is equipped with a plurality of light sensors (469) disposed on both sides to measure light intensity in chamber (40) and to provide a reference for calibrating light sensing system (650).

Claims (73)

1. Apparatus for treating a biological fluid comprising:

a fluid treatment chamber for receiving said biological fluid;

at least one light source with a plurality of lamps, said light source disposed either above or below said fluid treatment chamber; and a light sensing system with a plurality of light sensors for sensing the amount of light emitted by said plurality of lamps, wherein each light sensor of said plurality of light sensors is disposed adjacently to at least one of said plurality of lamps.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein each light sensor in the plurality of light sensors provides a signal consisting of a frequency that is related to the sensed light intensity.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 further comprising a first multiplexer to receive the frequency signals from each of the plurality of light sensors and to multiplex each of the frequency signals from the plurality of light sensors into a first multiplexed frequency signal that is related to the sensed light intensity.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 further comprising a first frequency counter to receive the first multiplexed signal and to count the frequencies in the first multiplexed frequency signal to provide a first counted output signal that is related to the sensed light intensity.
5. The apparatus of claim 2 further comprising an oscillator that generates at least one test signal of a known frequency, said first multiplexer in communication with said oscillator to receive said at least one test signal and to multiplex said at least one test signal into said first multiplexed frequency signal.
6. The apparatus of claim 2 further comprising a power level input from a power source, said power source in communication with said first multiplexer to receive said power level input and to multiplex said power level input into said first multiplexed signal.
7. The apparatus of claim 4 further comprising:

a second multiplexer that also receives the plurality of signals from the plurality of light sensors and that multiplexes the plurality of signals from the light sensors into a second multiplexed frequency signal; and a second frequency counter to receive the second multiplexed signal and to count the frequencies in the second multiplexed frequency signal to provide a second counted output signal representative of the amount of light emitted by the plurality of lamps, thereby enabling the light sensing system to confirm the accuracy of the first counted output signal.
8. Apparatus for treating a biological fluid comprising:

a fluid treatment chamber for receiving said biological fluid;

a light source with two arrays, each array with a plurality of lamps, said light source having one array disposed above said fluid treatment chamber and having another array disposed below said fluid treatment chamber; and a light sensing system with a plurality of light sensors for sensing the amount of light emitted by each array, wherein each light sensor of said plurality of light sensors is disposed adjacently to at least one of said plurality of lamps in each array.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein each light sensor in the plurality of light sensors provides a signal consisting of a frequency that is related to the sensed light intensity.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 further comprising a first multiplex to receive the frequency signals from each of the plurality of light sensors and to multiplex each of the frequency signals from the plurality of light sensors into a first multiplexed frequency signal that is related to the sensed light intensity
11. The apparatus of claim 10 further comprising a first frequency counter to receive the first multiplexed signal and to count the frequencies in the first multiplexed frequency signal to provide a first counted output signal that is related to the sensed light intensity.
12. The apparatus of claim 9 further comprising an oscillator that generates at least one test signal of a known frequency, said first multiplexer in communication with said oscillator to receive said at least one test signal and to multiplex said at least one test signal into said first multiplexed frequency signal.
13. The apparatus of claim 9 further comprising a power level input from a power source, said power source in communication with said first multiplexer to receive said power level input and to multiplex said power level input into said first multiplexed signal.
14. The apparatus of claim 11 further comprising:

a second multiplexer that also receives the plurality of signals from the plurality of light sensors and that multiplexes the plurality of signals from the light sensors into a second multiplexed frequency signal; and a second frequency counter to receive the second multiplexed signal and to count the frequencies in the second multiplexed frequency signal to provide a second counted output signal representative of the amount of light emitted by the plurality of lamps, thereby enabling the light sensing system to confirm the accuracy of the first counted output signal.
15. A method of treating a biological fluid in apparatus with a fluid treatment chamber for receiving and a biological fluid, a light source with a plurality of lamps disposed either above or below said fluid treatment chamber to treat the biological fluid with light and a light sensing system with a plurality of light sensors, said method comprising the steps of:

sensing the amount of light emitted by said plurality of lamps with said plurality of light sensors;

developing a plurality of frequency signals from the plurality of light sensors, the frequency of each frequency signal from each of said plurality of light sensors related to the amount of light received by each light sensor;

providing said plurality of frequency signals to a first multiplexer;

multiplexing the plurality of frequency signals with said first multiplexer to provide a first multiplexed frequency signal; and counting the plurality of frequency signals in said first multiplexed frequency signal with a first counter to provide a first counted output signal representative of the amount of light emitted by said plurality of lamps.
16. The method of claim 15 comprising the additional step of:

providing said plurality of frequency signals from said plurality of light sensors to a second multiplexer;

multiplexing the plurality of frequency signals with said second multiplexer to provide a second multiplexed frequency signal; and counting the plurality of frequency signals in said second multiplexed frequency signal with a second counter to provide a second counted output signal also representative of the amount of light emitted by said plurality of lamps; and comparing said first counted output signal with said second counted output signal to confirm the accuracy of said first second counted output signals.
17. The method of claim 15 comprising the additional step of:

providing at least one test signal of a known frequency to said first multiplexer to enable said light sensing system to assess the counting accuracy of said first counter.
18. The method of claim 15 comprising the additional step of:

providing a power level input from a power source to said first multiplexer to provide information about noise that may be present in the power system.
19. A method of treating a biological fluid in apparatus with a fluid treatment chamber for receiving and a biological fluid, a light source with a plurality of lamps disposed in two arrays above or below said fluid treatment chamber to treat the biological fluid with light and a light sensing system with a plurality of light sensors, said method comprising the steps of:

sensing the amount of light emitted by said plurality of lamps with said plurality of light sensors;

developing a plurality of frequency signals from the plurality of light sensors, the frequency of each frequency signal from each of said plurality of light sensors related to the amount of light received by each light sensor;

providing said plurality of frequency signals to a first multiplexer;

multiplexing the plurality of frequency signals with said first multiplexer to provide a first multiplexed frequency signal; and counting the plurality of frequency signals in said first multiplexed frequency signal with a first counter to provide a first counted output signal representative of the amount of light emitted by said plurality of lamps.
20. The method of claim 19 comprising the additional step of:

providing said plurality of frequency signals from said plurality of light sensors to a second multiplexer;

multiplexing the plurality of frequency signals with said second multiplexer to provide a second multiplexed frequency signal; and counting the plurality of frequency signals in said second multiplexed frequency signal with a second counter to provide a second counted output signal also representative of the amount of light emitted by said plurality of lamps; and comparing said first counted output signal with said second counted output signal to confirm the accuracy of said first counted output signals.
21. The method of claim 19 comprising the additional step of:

providing at least one test signal of a known frequency to said first multiplexer to enable said light sensing system to assess the counting accuracy of said first counter.
22. The method of claim 19 comprising the additional step of:

providing a power level input from a power source to said first multiplexer to provide information about noise that may be present in the power system.
23. A light sensing system for apparatus to receive and treat a biological fluid in a fluid treatment chamber with at least one light source comprising a plurality of lamps, said light source disposed either above or below said fluid treatment chamber, said light sensing system comprising:

a plurality of light sensors, each of said plurality of light sensors disposed adjacently to at least one of said plurality of lamps to sense the amount of light emitted by one or more of said lamps, each of said light sensors providing an output frequency signal that is related to the sensed light intensity.
24. The light sensing system of claim 23 further comprising a first multiplexer to receive the plurality of output frequency signals from the plurality of light sensors and to multiplex the plurality of output frequency signals from the plurality of light sensors into a first multiplexed frequency signal.
25. The light sensing system of claim 24 further comprising a first frequency counter to receive the first multiplexed signal and to count the frequencies in the first multiplexed frequency signal to provide a first counted output signal representative of the amount of light emitted by the plurality of lamps.
26. The light sensing system of claim 23 further comprising at least one test signal of a known frequency that is provided to said first multiplexer.
27. The light sensing system of claim 23 further comprising a power level input from a power source for the apparatus that is provided to said first multiplexer to provide information about noise that may be present in the power system.
28. The light sensing system of claim 20 further comprising:

a second multiplexer that also receives the plurality of output frequency signals from the plurality of light sensors and that multiplexes the plurality of signals from the light sensors into a second multiplexed frequency signal; and a second frequency counter to receive the second multiplexed signal and to count the frequencies in the second multiplexed frequency signal to provide a second counted output signal representative of the amount of light emitted by the plurality of lamps, thereby enabling the light sensing system to compare the first and second counted output signals confirm the accuracy of the first counted output signal.
29. The method of claim 19 comprising the additional step of:

providing said plurality of frequency signals from said plurality of light sensors to a second multiplexer;

multiplexing the plurality of frequency signals with said second multiplexer to provide a second multiplexed frequency signal; and counting the plurality of frequency signals in said second multiplexed frequency signal with a second counter to provide a second counted output signal also representative of the amount of light emitted by said plurality of lamps; and comparing said first counted output signal with said second counted output signal to confirm the accuracy of said first counted output signal.
30. A light sensing system for apparatus to receive and treat a biological fluid in a fluid treatment chamber with a light source comprising a plurality of lamps, said light source disposed above and below said fluid treatment chamber, said light sensing system comprising:

a plurality of light sensors, each of said plurality of light sensors disposed adjacently to at least one of said plurality of lamps to sense the amount of light emitted by one or more of said lamps, each of said light sensors providing an output frequency signal that is related to the sensed light intensity.
31. The light sensing system of claim 30 further comprising a first multiplexer to receive the plurality of output frequency signals from the plurality of light sensors and to multiplex the plurality of output frequency signals from the plurality of light sensors into a first multiplexed frequency signal.
32. The light sensing system of claim 31 further comprising a first frequency counter to receive the first multiplexed signal and to count the frequencies in the first multiplexed frequency signal to provide a first counted output signal representative of the amount of light emitted by the plurality of lamps.
33. The light sensing system of claim 31 further comprising at least one test signal of a known frequency that is provided to said first multiplexer.
34. The light sensing system of claim 31 further comprising a power level input from a power source for the apparatus that is provided to said first multiplexer to provide information about noise that may be present in the power system.
35. The light sensing system of claim 33 further comprising:

a second multiplexer that also receives the plurality of output frequency signals from the plurality of light sensors and that multiplexers the plurality of signals from the light sensors into a second multiplexed frequency signal; and a second frequency counter to receive the second multiplexed signal and to count the frequencies in the second multiplexed frequency signal to provide a second counted output signal representative of the amount of light emitted by the plurality of lamps, thereby enabling the light sensing system to compare the first and second counted output signals confirm the accuracy of the first counted output signal.
36. An electronic control system for apparatus to receive and treat a biological fluid in a fluid treatment chamber with at least one light source comprising a plurality of lamps, said light source disposed either above or below said fluid treatment chamber, said electronic control system comprising;

a plurality of sensors for sensing operative conditions in said apparatus;

a light sensing system to sense the amount of light emitted by said plurality of lamps;

a computer circuit board with a microprocessor and a memory for said microprocessor; and an interface circuit board to interface signals to and from said plurality of sensors and signals to and from said light sensing system with said computer board.
37. The electronic control system of claim 36 further comprising:

a display for providing information to a user of said apparatus;

said interface circuit board further interfacing signals to and from said display with said computer circuit board.
38. The electronic control system of claim 36 further comprising:

a plurality of lamp ballasts for supplying power to said plurality of lamps;

said interface circuit board further interfacing signals to and from said plurality of lamp ballasts with said computer circuit board.
39. The electronic control system of claim 36 further comprising:

at least one light sensor circuit board with light sensors to sense lighting conditions in said fluid treatment chamber and to provide light sensor signals indicative of said lighting conditions;

a relay circuit board that receives said light sensor signals from said at least one light sensor circuit board;

said interface circuit board further interfacing said light sensor signals from said relay circuit board with said computer circuit board.
40. The electronic control system of claim 36 further comprising:

a relay circuit board to receive signals from a plurality of sensors that sense operative conditions in said apparatus;

said interface circuit board further interfacing the sensor signals from said relay circuit board with said computer circuit board.
41. An electronic control system for apparatus to receive and treat a biological fluid in a fluid treatment chamber with at least one light source comprising a plurality of lamps, said light source disposed above and below said fluid treatment chamber, said electronic control system comprising:

a plurality of sensors for sensing operative conditions in said apparatus;

a light sensing system to sense the amount of light emitted by said plurality of lamps;

a computer circuit board with a microprocessor and a memory for said microprocessor; and an interface circuit board to interface signals to and from said plurality of sensors and signals to and from said light sensing system with said computer board.
42. The electronic control system of claim 41 further comprising:

a display for providing information to a user of said apparatus;

said interface circuit board further interfacing signals to and from said display with said computer circuit board.
43. The electronic control system of claim 41 further comprising:

a plurality of lamp ballasts for supplying power to said plurality of lamps;

said interface circuit board further interfacing signals to and from said plurality of lamp ballasts with said computer circuit board.
44. The electronic control system of claim 41 further comprising:

at least one light sensor circuit board with light sensors to sense lighting conditions in said fluid treatment chamber and to provide light sensor signals indicative of said lighting conditions;

a relay circuit board that receives said light sensor signals from said at least one light sensor circuit board;

said interface circuit board further interfacing said light sensor signals from said relay circuit board with said computer circuit board.
45. The electronic control system of claim 41 further comprising:

a relay circuit board to receive signals from a plurality of sensors that sense operative conditions in said apparatus;

said interface circuit board further interfacing the sensor signals from said relay circuit board with said computer circuit board.
46. A method of calibrating a light sensing system for measuring the light intensity emitted by a plurality of lamps in a biological fluid treatment chamber with a first radiometer, said method comprising the steps of:

inserting the first radiometer into said treatment chamber;

taking measurements of the light intensity in said treatment chamber with said first radiometer;

taking measurements of the light intensity in the treatment chamber with said light sensing system; and calculating at least one first calibration coefficient for said light sensing system based upon the differences in the measured light intensities.
47. The method of claim 46 further comprising the additional step of:

storing said at least one first calibration coefficient in memory for future use.
48. The method of claim 46 wherein the step of calculating a calibration coefficient includes calculating at least one liner scaling factor.
49. The method of claim 46 wherein said light sensing system includes a plurality of light sensors and wherein said step of calculating at least one first calibration coefficient for said light sensing system includes the step of calculating a calibration coefficient for each of said plurality of light sensors.
50. The method of claim 46 comprising the additional steps of:

using a second radiometer to take measurements of the light intensity in said treatment chamber with said second radiometer;

calculating at least one second calibration coefficient for said light sensing system based upon the differences in measured light intensities with the measurements of said light sensing system; and comparing the at least one first calibration coefficient calculated from measurements taken with the first radiometer with the at least one second calibration coefficient calculated from measurements taken with the second radiometer.
51. The method of claim 50 wherein said at least one first calibration coefficient is stored for future use if said at least one first calibration coefficient and said at least one second calibration coefficient are within a specified tolerance.
52. A method of calibrating a light sensing system for measuring the light intensity emitted by a plurality of lamps in a biological fluid treatment chamber with a radiometer, said method comprising the steps of:

inserting the radiometer into said treatment chamber;

taking measurements of the light intensity in said treatment chamber with said first radiometer;

taking measurements of the light intensity in the treatment chamber with said light sensing system; and calculating a plurality of first calibration coefficients for said light sensing system including one calibration coefficient for each light sensor, the calculation of the calibration coefficients based upon the differences in the measured light intensities.
53. The method of claim 51 comprising the additional step of:

using a second radiometer to take measurements of the light intensity in aid treatment chamber with said second radiometer;

calculating a plurality of second calibration coefficients for said light sensing system based upon the differences in measured light intensities with the measurements taken with said light sensing system; and comparing the plurality of first calibration coefficients calculated from measurements taken with the first radiometer with the plurality of second calibration coefficients calculated from measurements taken with the second radiometer.
54. The method of claim 53 wherein said plurality of first calibration coefficients is stored for future use if said plurality of first calibration coefficients and said plurality of second calibration coefficients are within a specified tolerance.
55. A method of determining the light intensity emitted by a plurality of lamps in a biological fluid treatment apparatus having a treatment chamber, said apparatus having a light sensing system with at least one light sensor, a computer processing system with associated memory, and at least one calibration coefficient associated with said at least one light sensor stored in memory from a prior calibration procedure, said method comprising the steps of:

taking measurements of the light intensity in the treatment chamber with said light sensing system;

retrieving said at least one calibration coefficient from said memory; and applying said at least one calibration coefficient to the measured light intensity to obtain a corrected light intensity.
56. The method of claim 55 where in the step of applying at least one calibration coefficient includes a linear scaling factor.
57. A method of determining the light intensity emitted by a plurality of lamps in a biological fluid treatment apparatus having a treatment chamber, said apparatus having a light sensing system with a plurality of light sensors, a computer processing system with associated memory, and a plurality of calibration coefficients with one calibration coefficient associated with each light sensor stored in memory from a prior calibration procedure, said method comprising the steps of:

taking measurements of the light intensity in the treatment chamber with said light sensing system;

retrieving said plurality of calibration coefficients from said memory; and applying said plurality of calibration coefficients to the measured light intensity to obtain a corrected light intensity.
58. The method of claim 57 wherein the step of applying at least one calibration coefficient includes a linear scaling factor.
59. A method of determining the length of treatment of a biological fluid with a desired illumination dose in a biological fluid treatment apparatus having a treatment chamber, said apparatus having a light sensing system, a computer processing system with associated memory, and at least one calibration coefficient stored in memory from a prior calibration procedure, said method comprising the steps of:

measuring the light intensity in the treatment chamber with said light sensing system;

retrieving said at least one calibration coefficient from said memory;

applying said at least one calibration coefficient to the measured light intensity to obtain a corrected light intensity;
and using the corrected light intensity and the desired illumination dose to determine the treatment time.
60. A method of determining the length of treatment of a biological fluid with a desired illumination dose in a biological fluid treatment apparatus having a treatment chamber, said apparatus having a light sensing system, a computer processing system with associated memory, and at least one calibration coefficient stored in memory from a prior calibration procedure, said method comprising the steps of:

measuring the light intensity in the treatment chamber with said light sensing system;

retrieving said at least one calibration coefficient from said memory;

applying said at least one calibration coefficient to the measured light intensity to obtain a corrected light intensity;

updating a previously determined illumination dose; and using the corrected light intensity, the previously determined illumination dose and the desired illumination dose to determine the remaining treatment time.
61. A method of determining the length of treatment of a biological fluid with a desired illumination dose in a biological fluid treatment apparatus having a treatment chamber, said apparatus having a light sensing system with a plurality of light sensors, a computer processing system with associated memory, and a plurality of calibration coefficients stored in memory from a prior calibration procedure, said method comprising the steps of:

measuring the light intensity in the treatment chamber with said light sensing system;

retrieving said plurality of calibration coefficients from said memory;

applying said plurality of calibration coefficients to the measured light intensity to obtain a corrected light intensity;
and using the corrected light intensity and the desired illumination dose to determine the treatment time.
62. A method of determining the length of treatment of a biological fluid with a desired illumination dose in a biological fluid treatment apparatus having a treatment chamber, said apparatus having a light sensing system with a plurality of light sensors, a computer processing system with associated memory, and a plurality of calibration coefficients stored in memory from a prior calibration procedure, said method comprising the steps of:

measuring the light intensity in the treatment chamber with said light sensing system;

retrieving said plurality of calibration coefficients from said memory;

applying said plurality of calibration coefficients to the measured light intensity to obtain a corrected light intensity;

updating a previously determined illumination dose; and using the corrected light intensity, the previously determined illumination dose and the desired illumination dose to determine the remaining treatment time.
63. A radiometer having at least one side that defines an area, said radiometer suited for measuring light intensity from a light source in apparatus suited for treating a biological fluid in a fluid treatment chamber of said apparatus, said radiometer comprising:

a plurality of light sensors disposed on at least one side of said radiometer to measure the light intensity in said fluid treatment chamber.
64. The radiometer of claim 63 wherein at least some of said plurality of light sensors are disposed near a periphery of said area and at least some of said plurality of light sensors are disposed near a center of said area.
65. The radiometer of claim 63 wherein said radiometer has two opposing sides with a plurality of sensors disposed on both sides to measure light intensity in said fluid treatment chamber from opposite directions.
66. The radiometer of claim 63 wherein said area is sized to approximate that of a container of biological fluid.
67. The radiometer of claim 63 wherein a bar code is provided on said radiometer, said bar code providing a plurality of calibration coefficients, one calibration coefficient for each light sensor.
68. The radiometer of claim 67 wherein said bar code further provides a unique identity number.
69. The radiometer of claim 67 wherein said bar code further provides a expiration date for further use.
70. The radiometer of claim 63 wherein said radiometer is calibrated in accordance with a light intensity standard.
71. A radiometer having at least one side that defines an area, said radiometer suited for measuring light intensity from a light source, said radiometer comprising:

a plurality of light sensors disposed on at least one side of said radiometer to measure the light intensity.
72. The radiometer of claim 71 wherein at least some of said plurality of light sensors are disposed near a periphery of said area and at least some of said plurality of light sensors are disposed near a center of said area.
73. The radiometer of claim 71 wherein said radiometer has two opposing sides with a plurality of sensors disposed on both sides to measure light intensity from opposite directions.
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