CA2498326C - Content distribution for multiple digital rights management - Google Patents
Content distribution for multiple digital rights management Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2498326C CA2498326C CA2498326A CA2498326A CA2498326C CA 2498326 C CA2498326 C CA 2498326C CA 2498326 A CA2498326 A CA 2498326A CA 2498326 A CA2498326 A CA 2498326A CA 2498326 C CA2498326 C CA 2498326C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- content
- drm
- encrypted
- segments
- pointers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
- H04N21/434—Disassembling of a multiplex stream, e.g. demultiplexing audio and video streams, extraction of additional data from a video stream; Remultiplexing of multiplex streams; Extraction or processing of SI; Disassembling of packetised elementary stream
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- H04N21/462—Content or additional data management, e.g. creating a master electronic program guide from data received from the Internet and a Head-end, controlling the complexity of a video stream by scaling the resolution or bit-rate based on the client capabilities
- H04N21/4627—Rights management associated to the content
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- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/32—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials
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- H04N21/25833—Management of client data involving client hardware characteristics, e.g. manufacturer, processing or storage capabilities
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- H04N21/266—Channel or content management, e.g. generation and management of keys and entitlement messages in a conditional access system, merging a VOD unicast channel into a multicast channel
- H04N21/26606—Channel or content management, e.g. generation and management of keys and entitlement messages in a conditional access system, merging a VOD unicast channel into a multicast channel for generating or managing entitlement messages, e.g. Entitlement Control Message [ECM] or Entitlement Management Message [EMM]
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- H04N21/436—Interfacing a local distribution network, e.g. communicating with another STB or one or more peripheral devices inside the home
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- H04N21/44—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream, rendering scenes according to MPEG-4 scene graphs
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- H04N21/4405—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream, rendering scenes according to MPEG-4 scene graphs involving video stream decryption
- H04N21/44055—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream, rendering scenes according to MPEG-4 scene graphs involving video stream decryption by partially decrypting, e.g. decrypting a video stream that has been partially encrypted
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- H04N21/63—Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
- H04N21/633—Control signals issued by server directed to the network components or client
- H04N21/6332—Control signals issued by server directed to the network components or client directed to client
- H04N21/6334—Control signals issued by server directed to the network components or client directed to client for authorisation, e.g. by transmitting a key
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- H04N21/83—Generation or processing of protective or descriptive data associated with content; Content structuring
- H04N21/845—Structuring of content, e.g. decomposing content into time segments
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- H04N7/165—Centralised control of user terminal ; Registering at central
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N7/00—Television systems
- H04N7/16—Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems
- H04N7/167—Systems rendering the television signal unintelligible and subsequently intelligible
- H04N7/1675—Providing digital key or authorisation information for generation or regeneration of the scrambling sequence
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N7/00—Television systems
- H04N7/24—Systems for the transmission of television signals using pulse code modulation
- H04N7/52—Systems for transmission of a pulse code modulated video signal with one or more other pulse code modulated signals, e.g. an audio signal or a synchronizing signal
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N9/79—Processing of colour television signals in connection with recording
- H04N9/7921—Processing of colour television signals in connection with recording for more than one processing mode
- H04N9/7925—Processing of colour television signals in connection with recording for more than one processing mode for more than one standard
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N5/00—Details of television systems
- H04N5/76—Television signal recording
- H04N5/91—Television signal processing therefor
- H04N5/913—Television signal processing therefor for scrambling ; for copy protection
- H04N2005/91357—Television signal processing therefor for scrambling ; for copy protection by modifying the video signal
- H04N2005/91364—Television signal processing therefor for scrambling ; for copy protection by modifying the video signal the video signal being scrambled
Abstract
A method and apparatus for enabling use of multiple digital rights management scenarios (DRM). Unencrypted data representing digital content is examined to identify at least segments of content for encryption (608). The identified segments of content are duplicated (610) and then encrypted using a first encryption method associated with a first DRM to produce first encrypted segments. Duplicates are encrypted using a second encryption method associated with a second DRM to produce second encrypted segments (614). A set of pointers are generated that point to the first and second encrypted segments content (618). A file is then created containing first and second encrypted segments of content (622). A file is then created containing first and second encrypted segments of content, pointers and unencrypted content along with DRM rights data to produce a selectively encrypted multiple DRM enabled file.
Description
CONTENT DISTRIBUTION FOR MULTIPLE DIGITAL RIGHTS MANAGEMENT
2 A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material which 3 is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the 4 facsimile reproduction of the patent document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent file or records, but otherwise 6 reserves all copyright rights whatsoever.
9 This invention relates generally to the field of digital rights management.
More particularly, this invention relates to a multiple encryption method and 11 apparatus particularly useful for multiple encrypting digitized video for purposes 12 of enabling multiple digital rights management scenarios (DRMs).
In traditional distribution of audio and/or video content such as music and 16 movies, rights to copyrighted works are managed by the ownership of the 17 physical medium containing the work. Ownership of the medium provides a 18 limited barrier to unauthorized use. While piracy was and is prevalent with such 19 traditional "packaged media", the problems are dramatically multiplied in an environment of digital distribution of content. The owners of the content have 21 devised various ways to help protect such content that have been collectively 22 termed digital rights management (DRM). DRM encompasses not only the 23 numerous encryption schemes that have been employed to protect the content, 24 but also encompasses the various arrangements for permitting use of the content that have been created, as well as the monitoring and tracking of the rights to the 26- content.
27 Several forms of DRM are currently in place in the marketplace. Perhaps 28 the most dominant DRM forms a part of the Microsoft Windows operating 29 system's Media Player, and is referred to as "Reciprocal". Another widely used 1 DRM arrangement is built into the Real Networks' Real Player . Currently the 2 DRM solutions from Microsoft is tightly coupled with the compression algorithm.
3 DRM solutions usually execute on personal computer (PC) platforms.
4 Consequently, the DRM solutions are designed to detect software tampering, and thus efforts are made to obfuscate the operation of the executing software.
6 The above two examples of DRM are but two of an ever growing and 7 evolving field of technology. Further DRM incarnations can be anticipated on a 8 continuing basis to provide greater protection for the content against those who 9 would illegally pirate the content.
Unfortunately, due to the multiple types of DRM that are available, 11 customers may have to either acquire multiple sets of software (or plug-ins) that 12 support the various DRM scenarios, or limit consumption of content to those 13 DRMs which they wish to support on their computer.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
16 The features of the invention believed to be novel are set forth with 17 particularity in the appended claims. The invention itself however, both as to 18 organization and method of operation, together with objects and advantages 19 thereof, may be best understood by reference to the following detailed description of the invention, which describes certain exemplary embodiments of 21 the invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
22 FIGURE 1 is a block diagram of an digital content distribution system 23 including digital rights management consistent with certain embodiments of the 24 present invention.
FIGURE 2 illustrates an exemplary file structure consistent with certain 26 embodiments of the present- invention.
27 FIGURE 3 illustrates a byte offset arrangement for video data consistent 28 with certain embodiments of the present invention.
1 FIGURE 4 illustrates a byte offset arrangement for audio data consistent 2 with certain embodiments of the present invention.
3 FIGURE 5 illustrates an exemplary DRM arrangement within video or 4 audio data content consistent with certain embodiments of the present invention.
FIGURE 6 is a flow chart showing a method for encoding content with 6 multiple DRMs consistent with certain embodiments of the present invention.
7 FIGURE 7 is a flow chart depicting acquisition and playback of content 8 having multiple DRMs consistent with certain embodiments of the present 9 invention.
FIGURE 8 illustrates a content provider server system consistent with 11 certain embodiments of the present invention.
12 FIGURE 9 is a block diagram of a playback computer consistent with 13 embodiments of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
16 While this invention is susceptible of embodiment in many different forms, 17 there is shown in the drawings and will herein be described in detail specific 18 embodiments, with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be 19 considered as an example of the principles of the invention and not intended to limit the invention to the specific embodiments shown and described. In the 21 description below, like reference numerals are used to describe the same, similar 22 or corresponding parts in the several views of the drawings.
23 The terms "scramble" and "encrypt" and variations thereof are used 24 synonymously herein. The term "video" is often used herein to embrace not only true visual information, but also in the conversational sense (e.g., "video tape 26 recorder") to embrace not-only video signals but associated audio and data.
The 27 present document generally uses the example of a "dual selective encryption"
28 embodiment, but those skilled in the art will recognize that the present invention 29 can be utilized to realize multiple partial encryption without departing from the 1 invention. The terms "partial encryption" and "selective encryption" are used 2 synonymously herein.
3 The above-referenced commonly owned patent applications describe 4 inventions relating to various aspects of methods generally referred to herein as partial encryption or selective encryption. More particularly, systems are 6 described wherein selected portions of a particular selection of digital content 7 are encrypted using two (or more) encryption techniques while other portions of 8 the content are left unencrypted. By properly selecting the portions to be 9 encrypted, the content can effectively be encrypted for use under multiple decryption systems without the necessity of encryption of the entire selection of 11 content. In some embodiments, only a few percent of data overhead is needed 12 to effectively encrypt the content using multiple encryption systems. This results 13 in a cable or satellite system being able to utilize Set-top boxes or other 14 implementations of conditional access (CA) receivers from multiple manufacturers in a single system - thus freeing the cable or satellite company to 16 competitively shop for providers of Set-top boxes.
17 The present invention applies similar selective encryption techniques to 18 the problem of multiple digital rights management. The partial encryption 19 processes described in the above patent applications utilize any suitable encryption method. However, these encryption techniques are selectively 21 applied to- the data stream, rather than encrypting the entire data stream, using 22 techniques described in the above-referenced patent applications. In general, 23 but without the intent to be limiting, the selective encryption process utilizes 24 intelligent selection of information to encrypt so that the entire program does not have to undergo dual encryption. By appropriate selection of data to encrypt, the 26 program material can be effectively scrambled and hidden from those who desire 27 to hack into the system and illegally recover commercial content without paying.
28 MPEG (or similar format) data that are used to represent the audio and video 29 data does so using a high degree of reliance on the redundancy of information 1 from frame to frame. Certain data can be transmitted as "anchor" data 2 representing chrominance and luminance data. That data is then often simply 3 moved about the screen to generate subsequent frames by sending motion 4 vectors that describe the movement of the block. Changes in the chrominance and luminance data are also encoded as changes rather than a recoding of 6 absolute anchor data. Thus, encryption of this anchor data, for example, or other 7 key data can effectively render the video un-viewable.
8 Certain embodiments of the present invention enable a second (or 9 multiple) Digital Rights Management (DRM) solution by duplicating and encrypting content important or critical for decoding the rest of the content with 11 the first and second DRMs. The duplication of content need not add a major 12 increase bandwidth overhead. Unlike terrestrial and satellite broadcast streams, 13 content delivered and eventually decrypted by a PC over the internet does not 14 have to be restricted to 188 byte packets. For terrestrial and satellite streams, hardware decryption is usually performed on per packet basis based on the 16 scrambling bits in the transport header. Content decryption done in software can 17 be much more granular and selective.
18 In accordance with certain embodiments consistent with the present 19 invention, the selected video data to be encrypted may be any individual one or combination of the following (described in greater detail in the above 21 applications): video slice headers appearing in an active region of a video frame, 22 data representing an active region of a video frame, data in a star pattern within 23 the video frame, data representing scene changes, I Frame packets, packets 24 containing motion vectors in a first P frame following an I Frame, packets having an intra_slice flag indicator set, packets having an intra_slice indicator set, 26 packets containing an intra_coded macroblock, data for a slice containing an 27 intra_coded macroblock, data from a first macroblock following the video slice 28 header,packets containing video slice headers, anchor data, and P Frame data 29 for progressively refreshed video data, data arranged in vertical and or horizontal 1 moat patterns on the video frame, and any other selected data that renders the 2 video and/or audio difficult to utilize. Several such techniques as well as others 3 are disclosed in the above-referenced patent applications, any of which (or other 4 techniques) can be utilized with the present invention to encrypt only a portion of the content.
9 This invention relates generally to the field of digital rights management.
More particularly, this invention relates to a multiple encryption method and 11 apparatus particularly useful for multiple encrypting digitized video for purposes 12 of enabling multiple digital rights management scenarios (DRMs).
In traditional distribution of audio and/or video content such as music and 16 movies, rights to copyrighted works are managed by the ownership of the 17 physical medium containing the work. Ownership of the medium provides a 18 limited barrier to unauthorized use. While piracy was and is prevalent with such 19 traditional "packaged media", the problems are dramatically multiplied in an environment of digital distribution of content. The owners of the content have 21 devised various ways to help protect such content that have been collectively 22 termed digital rights management (DRM). DRM encompasses not only the 23 numerous encryption schemes that have been employed to protect the content, 24 but also encompasses the various arrangements for permitting use of the content that have been created, as well as the monitoring and tracking of the rights to the 26- content.
27 Several forms of DRM are currently in place in the marketplace. Perhaps 28 the most dominant DRM forms a part of the Microsoft Windows operating 29 system's Media Player, and is referred to as "Reciprocal". Another widely used 1 DRM arrangement is built into the Real Networks' Real Player . Currently the 2 DRM solutions from Microsoft is tightly coupled with the compression algorithm.
3 DRM solutions usually execute on personal computer (PC) platforms.
4 Consequently, the DRM solutions are designed to detect software tampering, and thus efforts are made to obfuscate the operation of the executing software.
6 The above two examples of DRM are but two of an ever growing and 7 evolving field of technology. Further DRM incarnations can be anticipated on a 8 continuing basis to provide greater protection for the content against those who 9 would illegally pirate the content.
Unfortunately, due to the multiple types of DRM that are available, 11 customers may have to either acquire multiple sets of software (or plug-ins) that 12 support the various DRM scenarios, or limit consumption of content to those 13 DRMs which they wish to support on their computer.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
16 The features of the invention believed to be novel are set forth with 17 particularity in the appended claims. The invention itself however, both as to 18 organization and method of operation, together with objects and advantages 19 thereof, may be best understood by reference to the following detailed description of the invention, which describes certain exemplary embodiments of 21 the invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
22 FIGURE 1 is a block diagram of an digital content distribution system 23 including digital rights management consistent with certain embodiments of the 24 present invention.
FIGURE 2 illustrates an exemplary file structure consistent with certain 26 embodiments of the present- invention.
27 FIGURE 3 illustrates a byte offset arrangement for video data consistent 28 with certain embodiments of the present invention.
1 FIGURE 4 illustrates a byte offset arrangement for audio data consistent 2 with certain embodiments of the present invention.
3 FIGURE 5 illustrates an exemplary DRM arrangement within video or 4 audio data content consistent with certain embodiments of the present invention.
FIGURE 6 is a flow chart showing a method for encoding content with 6 multiple DRMs consistent with certain embodiments of the present invention.
7 FIGURE 7 is a flow chart depicting acquisition and playback of content 8 having multiple DRMs consistent with certain embodiments of the present 9 invention.
FIGURE 8 illustrates a content provider server system consistent with 11 certain embodiments of the present invention.
12 FIGURE 9 is a block diagram of a playback computer consistent with 13 embodiments of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
16 While this invention is susceptible of embodiment in many different forms, 17 there is shown in the drawings and will herein be described in detail specific 18 embodiments, with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be 19 considered as an example of the principles of the invention and not intended to limit the invention to the specific embodiments shown and described. In the 21 description below, like reference numerals are used to describe the same, similar 22 or corresponding parts in the several views of the drawings.
23 The terms "scramble" and "encrypt" and variations thereof are used 24 synonymously herein. The term "video" is often used herein to embrace not only true visual information, but also in the conversational sense (e.g., "video tape 26 recorder") to embrace not-only video signals but associated audio and data.
The 27 present document generally uses the example of a "dual selective encryption"
28 embodiment, but those skilled in the art will recognize that the present invention 29 can be utilized to realize multiple partial encryption without departing from the 1 invention. The terms "partial encryption" and "selective encryption" are used 2 synonymously herein.
3 The above-referenced commonly owned patent applications describe 4 inventions relating to various aspects of methods generally referred to herein as partial encryption or selective encryption. More particularly, systems are 6 described wherein selected portions of a particular selection of digital content 7 are encrypted using two (or more) encryption techniques while other portions of 8 the content are left unencrypted. By properly selecting the portions to be 9 encrypted, the content can effectively be encrypted for use under multiple decryption systems without the necessity of encryption of the entire selection of 11 content. In some embodiments, only a few percent of data overhead is needed 12 to effectively encrypt the content using multiple encryption systems. This results 13 in a cable or satellite system being able to utilize Set-top boxes or other 14 implementations of conditional access (CA) receivers from multiple manufacturers in a single system - thus freeing the cable or satellite company to 16 competitively shop for providers of Set-top boxes.
17 The present invention applies similar selective encryption techniques to 18 the problem of multiple digital rights management. The partial encryption 19 processes described in the above patent applications utilize any suitable encryption method. However, these encryption techniques are selectively 21 applied to- the data stream, rather than encrypting the entire data stream, using 22 techniques described in the above-referenced patent applications. In general, 23 but without the intent to be limiting, the selective encryption process utilizes 24 intelligent selection of information to encrypt so that the entire program does not have to undergo dual encryption. By appropriate selection of data to encrypt, the 26 program material can be effectively scrambled and hidden from those who desire 27 to hack into the system and illegally recover commercial content without paying.
28 MPEG (or similar format) data that are used to represent the audio and video 29 data does so using a high degree of reliance on the redundancy of information 1 from frame to frame. Certain data can be transmitted as "anchor" data 2 representing chrominance and luminance data. That data is then often simply 3 moved about the screen to generate subsequent frames by sending motion 4 vectors that describe the movement of the block. Changes in the chrominance and luminance data are also encoded as changes rather than a recoding of 6 absolute anchor data. Thus, encryption of this anchor data, for example, or other 7 key data can effectively render the video un-viewable.
8 Certain embodiments of the present invention enable a second (or 9 multiple) Digital Rights Management (DRM) solution by duplicating and encrypting content important or critical for decoding the rest of the content with 11 the first and second DRMs. The duplication of content need not add a major 12 increase bandwidth overhead. Unlike terrestrial and satellite broadcast streams, 13 content delivered and eventually decrypted by a PC over the internet does not 14 have to be restricted to 188 byte packets. For terrestrial and satellite streams, hardware decryption is usually performed on per packet basis based on the 16 scrambling bits in the transport header. Content decryption done in software can 17 be much more granular and selective.
18 In accordance with certain embodiments consistent with the present 19 invention, the selected video data to be encrypted may be any individual one or combination of the following (described in greater detail in the above 21 applications): video slice headers appearing in an active region of a video frame, 22 data representing an active region of a video frame, data in a star pattern within 23 the video frame, data representing scene changes, I Frame packets, packets 24 containing motion vectors in a first P frame following an I Frame, packets having an intra_slice flag indicator set, packets having an intra_slice indicator set, 26 packets containing an intra_coded macroblock, data for a slice containing an 27 intra_coded macroblock, data from a first macroblock following the video slice 28 header,packets containing video slice headers, anchor data, and P Frame data 29 for progressively refreshed video data, data arranged in vertical and or horizontal 1 moat patterns on the video frame, and any other selected data that renders the 2 video and/or audio difficult to utilize. Several such techniques as well as others 3 are disclosed in the above-referenced patent applications, any of which (or other 4 techniques) can be utilized with the present invention to encrypt only a portion of the content.
6 Referring now to FIGURE 1, a content delivery system 100 consistent with 7 certain embodiments of the present invention is illustrated. In this system, a 8 digital content provider 104 provides content such as audio or video content to a 9 customer over the Internet for delivery to the customer's personal computer system 112, e.g., by downloading or streaming. Computer system 112 may, for 11 example, be a multimedia computer system having a video display 116 and a 12 stereo (or other multi-channel) audio system that drives a set of speakers such 13 as speakers 120L and 120R. The personal computer 112 operates using any 14 suitable operating system and incorporates one or more software programs for playback of the audio and/or video content (hereinafter, a "media player").
16 The digital content provider may operate as an addressable web site that 17 serves as an online distributor of content. In this example, the web site is shown 18 to have a content database 130 that stores content which can be purchased 19 under various terms by customers having computers such as 112 connected to the Internet. To provide a simplified example, without intent to limit the scope of 21 the present invention, digital content provider 104 is depicted as having the ability 22 to supply content using two digital rights management systems - DRM A shown 23 as 134 and DRM B shown as 138. In a conventional digital content provider 24 scenario, only a single DRM system is used and content is stored in encrypted form using the encryption scenario for that particular DRM system.
26 In accordance with certain embodiments consistent with the present 27 invention, content stored in the content database 130 is stored with dual (in 28 general multiple) selective encryption consistent with the content provider's dual 29 (multiple) DRMs. In this manner, the digital content provider 104 is not burdened 1 with the requirement and cost associated with storage of the content separately 2 under multiple DRMs. Nor is the computing power required to dynamically 3 encrypt the content using a specified DRM at the time of purchase.
4 Content can be arranged for delivery to the customer as a file similar to that depicted in FIGURE 2. In this file structure, the file delivered to the customer 6 is stored with selected portions multiply encrypted. In one example, not intended 7 to be limiting, if the content is stored as MPEG data, one can encrypt all of the 8 MPEG I frames or video slice headers to achieve a substantial level of encryption 9 without need to encrypt the entire file. Any other suitable selective encryption arrangement can also be used without limitation. Once a selected portion of the 11 audio and/or video is selected for encryption, the selected portions are duplicated 12 and encrypted. In this example, the selected portions are encrypted under an 13 encryption arrangement consistent with DRM A in one case and consistent with 14 DRM B in the other. The content is then reassembled with the duplicated encrypted content replacing the original clear content. (Note that in other 16 scenarios, content can be stored encrypted or unencrypted and the file 17 processed and constructed for delivery to the customer "on the fly".) 18 In this example of AudioNideo content, the content is stored as audio 19 content 206 and video content 210. The file further contains a set of audio encryption pointers 212 that point to the selected portions of the audio content 21 that are encrypted. Similarly, the file further contains a set of video encryption 22 pointers 218 that point to the selected portions of the video content that are 23 encrypted. DRM A data section 222 provides data that the decoder will need to 24 decode the content encrypted using the encryption scheme of DRM A.
Similarly, DRM B data section 226 provides data that the decoder will need to decode the 26 content encrypted using the encryption scheme of DRM B. An identification 27 section 230 identifies the content and the DRM schemes available in the file.
28 The relationship between the video data 210 and video encryption 29 pointers 218 is illustrated in FIGURE 3. Pointers are stored that point to 1 encrypted portions of the video data in the file. Such encrypted portions are 2 shown as 304, 308 and 312. Such encrypted portions are interspersed with 3 portions of data stored unencrypted (In the clear) shown as 320, 324, 328 and 4 332. Of course this illustration is quite simplified since only a small number of encrypted segments are shown compared to the likely large number of encrypted 6 segments. In this illustration, each encrypted segment is illustrated to be the 7 same size (i.e., the encryption quanta), but this is not to be interpreted as limiting.
8 The relationship between the audio data 206 and audio encryption 9 pointers 212 is similar and illustrated in FIGURE 4. Pointers are stored that point to encrypted portions of the audio data in the file. Such encrypted portions are 11 shown as 404, 408 and 412. Such encrypted portions are interspersed with 12 portions of data stored unencrypted shown as 420, 424, 428 and 432. Again, 13 this illustration is quite simplified since only a small number of encrypted 14 segments are shown compared to the likely large number of encrypted segments. In this illustration, the encrypted segments are shown as differing in 16 size, which can be achieved by specifying the length of each encrypted segment.
17 In each case, the number of bytes to be encrypted can be predefined if 18 desired as the encryption quanta so that the encryption pointers can be simply a 19 sequence of memory offset locations. The amount of data encrypted is then determined by a preset encryption quanta (e.g., 8 bytes). In other embodiments, 21 the encryption pointer section can include not only a starting offset but also an 22 ending offset or a starting offset and a number of bytes.
23 FIGURE 5 depicts an exemplary section of encrypted content with the 24 byte offset location illustrated at the beginning of the section of encrypted content. The next segment of data is DRM A encrypted content 502 that lasts for -26 a duration determined by the encryption quanta (either predefined or encoded in 27 the encryption pointers). The next segment of encrypted content 506 is 28 encrypted under DMA B's encryption scheme and lasts for a duration again 29 defined by the encryption quanta. By using a predefined encryption quanta, the 1 encryption pointers are simplified. By specifying the size of the encrypted 2 segment, the size can be varied to achieve a more flexible encryption scheme, at 3 the sacrifice of efficiency in the encryption pointers. Note that in the case of a 4 predefined encryption quanta, multiple consecutive segments can be encrypted to achieve the effect of longer segments of encrypted content.
6 DRMs typically verify that the consumer has paid for viewing the content.
7 Viewing may be granted for a period of time or on a viewing event. When a 8 customer makes a payment, this act enables decryption of the content, often as a 9 result of delivery of a decryption key to the customer to enable decryption.
In order to enable two or more DRMs to work side-by-side, there should be a clear 11 separation between the payment and key management operation and the 12 content decryption. The media player should allow selection of either DRM.
By 13 use of selective encryption, most of the content can be sent in the clear with only 14 certain critical or important content (needed to decompress the rest of the content) sent encrypted. The critical or important content is duplicated and one 16 set of the content is encrypted under one DRM, while the other, is encrypted 17 under the other DRM.
18 Movies and music delivered over the Internet can be packetized in UDP
19 packets for delivery over IP networks. Once re-assembled in the PC, the file can be essentially flat. Both the video and audio can be large packetized elementary 21 stream (PES) files.
22 In order to realize certain embodiments of the present invention, there 23 should be agreement as to how a media player identifies content that is 24 encrypted. In certain embodiments, the encryption quanta, if utilized, should be standardized, or there should be agreement on the least common denominator.
26 Granularity of encryption should be standardized (e.g., can bits from different 27 parts of a video and audio frame be collated for encryption? This is more 28 complicated to signal unless the same bits are chosen over-and-over.).
These 29 matters, however, are more properly the subject of standardization negotiations 1 and are not important to the understanding of the concepts and principles 2 governing the present invention.
3 The files described above can be created using any of a number of 4 processes. Moreover, the file structure shown, although illustrated for audio/video content, can be readily adapted to audio only by omission of the 6 video encryption pointers and video content. One process for creation of such 7 files is depicted in FIGURE 6 as process 600 starting at 604. At 608, a selection 8 criterion is employed to select segments of content to be multiple selectively 9 encrypted. The selection criterion used can be any of those described above, described in the above-referenced patent applications, described elsewhere or 11 newly created without limitation. Once the segments of content are selected, 12 they are duplicated as many times as there are DRM systems to be employed at 13 610. For example, in the digital content provider 104, one set of duplicate 14 selected data is created.
The selected content is then multiple encrypted such that each of the 16 duplicate sets of selected data is encrypted under the encryption scheme for 17 each of the DRMs at 614. In the example of content provider 104, the selected 18 segments.of content are duplicated. One set of selected segments is encrypted 19 under DRM A and the duplicate set is encrypted under DRM B. A set of encryption pointers is then created at 618 as offset values and possibly 21 information that determines the size of the encrypted portions and the file can be 22 saved in the content database 130 at this point until a customer wishes to 23 acquire digital rights to the content. Alternatively, content can be stored in the 24 clear (or encrypted) and the file for delivery to the customer can be created after purchase by the customer.
26 When a customer purchases rights to the content, a digital rights managed 27 transaction is carried out at 626 in which the customer pays for certain rights.
28 Such rights might include rights to view for a particular time period or number of 29 viewings. Limitations can be imposed on copying, playback machine or other _10-1 attributes of the DRM during this transaction. When the transaction is complete, 2 the file containing the purchased content is then retrieved from the content 3 database and DRM data defining the purchased rights is appended at 630. The 4 file is then downloaded or streamed to the customer at 634. The customer can then play back the content (either on computer 112 or another playback device) 6 in a manner consistent with the DRM rights acquired in the transaction at 626.
7 Thus, a method of enabling use of multiple digital rights management 8 scenarios (DRM), consistent with certain embodiments of the present invention 9 involves examining unencrypted data representing digital content to identify at least segments of content for encryption; encrypting the identified segments of 11 content using a first encryption method associated with a first DRM to produce 12 first encrypted segments; encrypting the identified segments of content using a 13 second encryption method associated with a second DRM to produce second 14 encrypted segments; generating first pointers to the first encrypted content;
generating second pointers to the second encrypted content; and replacing the 16 identified segments of content with the first encrypted content and the second 17 encrypted content in the digital content, and inserting the first and second 18 pointers to produce a partially encrypted dual DRM enabled file. When digital 19 rights are purchased, DRM data enabling the rights are appended to the file and the file is sent to the customer.
21 A process such as that used by the customer in accordance with certain 22 embodiments consistent with the present invention is illustrated as process 23 of FIGURE 7 starting at 702 after which the customer acquires digital rights in 24 content via a digital rights acquisition transaction at 706. The customer can then receive by download or streaming the multiple DRM file at 710. When the 26 customer wishes to initiate playback at 714, the DRM data are read at 718, so 27 that the software on the customer's computer or other playback device can 28 determine if the digital rights acquired by the customer are valid (i.e., not expired 29 or otherwise exhausted). If the software determines that the digital rights have 1 expired or been exhausted at 722, the playback is aborted at 726 and the 2 process ends at 730.
3 If the customer's digital rights are verified at 722, the software reads the 4 file's encryption pointers at 734 and begins reading the content at 738. If the content is encrypted at 742, it is decrypted at 746 according to the selected DRM
6 scheme being used for playback (dependent upon the playback software and/or 7 playback machine). If the content is unencrypted or decrypted, control passes to 8 750 where the content is played or buffered for play. If the end of the file has not 9 been reached at 754, control passes back to 738 where a next segment of content is read. When the end of the file is reached at 754, the process stops at 11 730., 12 Thus, in accordance with certain embodiments consistent with the present 13 invention, a method of using rights to digital content under one of a plurality of 14 digital rights management scenarios (DRM), involves carrying out a transaction to acquire digital rights to the content; receiving digital content containing:
16 segments of unencrypted content, first encrypted segments of content encrypted 17' using a first encryption method associated with a first DRM, second encrypted 18 segments of content encrypted using a second encryption method associated 19 with a second DRM, first pointers to the first encrypted segments of content;
second pointers to the second encrypted segments of content, and DRM data 21 that enables digital rights under at least one of the first DRM and the second 22 DRM; determining that valid digital rights are available from the DRM data;
and 23 decrypting one of the first and second encrypted segments to enable playing of 24 the content.
The process 600 of FIGURE 6 can be carried out on any suitable 26 programmed general purpose processor operating as a multiple DRM encoder 27 such as that depicted as computer 800 of FIGURE B. Computer 800 has one or 28 more central processor units (CPU) 810 with one or more associated buses 29 used to connect the central processor unit 810 to Random Access Memory 818 1 and Non-Volatile Memory 822 in a known manner. Output devices 826, such as 2 a display and printer, are provided in order to display and/or print output for the 3 use of the digital content provider as well as to provide a user interface such as a 4 Graphical User Interface (GUI). Similarly, input devices such as keyboard, mouse and removable media readers 830 may be provided for the input of 6 information by the operator. Computer 800 also incorporates internal and/or 7 external attached disc or other mass storage 834 for storing large amounts of 8 information including, but not limited to, the operating system, multiple DRM
9 encryption methods, as well as the content (which is most likely stored on massive attached storage). The Computer system 800 also has an interface 11 838 for connection to the Internet to service customer requests for content.
12 While depicted as a single computer, the digital content provider may utilize 13 multiple linked computers to carry out the functions described herein.
14 The process 700 of FIGURE 7 can be carried out on any suitable programmed general purpose processor operating as a decoder/decrypter and 16 DRM validator such as that depicted as computer 900 of FIGURE 9. Computer 17 900 may be typical of personal computer devices and has a central processor 18 unit (CPU) 910 with one or more associated buses 914 used to connect the 19 central processor unit 910 to Random Access Memory 918 and Non-Volatile Memory 922 in a known manner. Output devices 926, such as a display adapter 21 and display, are provided in order to display output for the use of the customer 22 (possibly including playback of video content) as well as to provide a user 23 interface such as a Graphical User Interface (GUI). An audio adapter and audio 24 system 928 may also be attached for playback of audio or audio/video content.
Similarly, input devices such as keyboard, mouse and removable media readers 26 930 may be provided for the input of information by the operator. Computer 27 also incorporates internal and/or external attached disc or other mass storage 28 934 for storing large amounts of information including, but not limited to, the 29 operating system, DRM validation and decryption software, media player 1 software as well as the downloaded content. The Computer system 900 also 2 has an interface 938 for connection to the Internet, e.g. to purchase content.
3 Thus, certain embodiments of the present invention provide for a digital 4 content provider to readily supply content under multiple digital rights management schemes without need to fully encrypt the content for each potential 6 DRM system. This permits a reduction in either storage capacity (for storage or 7 multiple fully encrypted copies of content) or processing power (to encrypt on the 8 fly) needed by the digital content provider. By use of embodiments of the present 9 invention, the customer can be afforded a wide range of content without need to purchase or load multiple DRM systems and media players on his or her 11 personal computer since multiple DRMs can be readily accommodated by the 12 content provider at low cost.
13 Those skilled in the art will recognize that the present invention has been 14 described in terms of exemplary embodiments based upon use of a programmed processor (e.g., computers 800 and 900). However, the invention should not be 16 so limited, since the present invention could be implemented using hardware 17 component equivalents such as special purpose hardware and/or dedicated 18 processors which are equivalents to the invention as described and claimed.
19 Similarly, general purpose computers, microprocessor based computers, micro-controllers, optical computers, analog computers, dedicated processors and/or 21 dedicated hard wired logic may be used to construct alternative equivalent 22 embodiments of the present invention. Moreover, although the present invention 23 has been described in terms of a general purpose personal computer providing a 24 playback mechanism, the playback can be carried on a dedicated machine without departing from the present invention.
26 Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the program steps and 27 associated data used to implement the embodiments described above can be 28 implemented using disc storage as well as other forms of storage such as for 29 example Read Only Memory (ROM) devices, Random Access Memory (RAM) 1 devices; optical storage elements, magnetic storage elements, magneto-optical 2 storage elements, flash memory, core memory and/or other equivalent storage 3 technologies without departing from the present invention. Such alternative 4 storage devices should be considered equivalents.
The present invention, as described in embodiments herein, is 6 implemented using a programmed processor executing programming instructions 7 that are broadly described above form that can be stored on any suitable 8 electronic storage medium or transmitted over any suitable electronic 9 communication medium or otherwise be present in any computer readable or propagation medium. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the 11 processes described above can be implemented in any number of variations and 12 in many suitable programming languages without departing from the present 13 invention. For example, the order of certain operations carried out can often be 14 varied, additional operations can be added or operations can be deleted without departing from the invention. Error trapping can be added and/or enhanced and 16 variations can be made in user interface and information presentation without 17 departing from the present invention. Such variations are contemplated and 18 considered equivalent.
19 Software code and/or data embodying certain aspects of the present invention may be present in any computer readable medium, transmission 21 medium, storage medium or propagation medium including, but not limited to, 22 electronic storage devices such as those described above, as well as carrier 23 waves, electronic signals, data structures (e.g., trees, linked lists, tables, packets, 24 frames, etc.) optical signals, propagated signals, broadcast signals, transmission media (e.g., circuit connection, cable, twisted pair, fiber optic cables,.
26 waveguides, antennas, etc.) and other media that stores, carries or passes the 27 code and/or data. Such media may either store the software code and/or data or 28 serve to transport the code and/or data from one location to another. In the 29 present exemplary embodiments, MPEG compliant packets, slices, tables and 1 other data structures are used, but this should not be considered limiting since 2 other data structures can similarly be used without departing from the present 3 invention.
4 While the invention has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications, permutations 6 and variations will become apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the 7 foregoing description. Accordingly, it is intended that the present invention 8 embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variations as fall within the 9 scope of the appended claims.
16 The digital content provider may operate as an addressable web site that 17 serves as an online distributor of content. In this example, the web site is shown 18 to have a content database 130 that stores content which can be purchased 19 under various terms by customers having computers such as 112 connected to the Internet. To provide a simplified example, without intent to limit the scope of 21 the present invention, digital content provider 104 is depicted as having the ability 22 to supply content using two digital rights management systems - DRM A shown 23 as 134 and DRM B shown as 138. In a conventional digital content provider 24 scenario, only a single DRM system is used and content is stored in encrypted form using the encryption scenario for that particular DRM system.
26 In accordance with certain embodiments consistent with the present 27 invention, content stored in the content database 130 is stored with dual (in 28 general multiple) selective encryption consistent with the content provider's dual 29 (multiple) DRMs. In this manner, the digital content provider 104 is not burdened 1 with the requirement and cost associated with storage of the content separately 2 under multiple DRMs. Nor is the computing power required to dynamically 3 encrypt the content using a specified DRM at the time of purchase.
4 Content can be arranged for delivery to the customer as a file similar to that depicted in FIGURE 2. In this file structure, the file delivered to the customer 6 is stored with selected portions multiply encrypted. In one example, not intended 7 to be limiting, if the content is stored as MPEG data, one can encrypt all of the 8 MPEG I frames or video slice headers to achieve a substantial level of encryption 9 without need to encrypt the entire file. Any other suitable selective encryption arrangement can also be used without limitation. Once a selected portion of the 11 audio and/or video is selected for encryption, the selected portions are duplicated 12 and encrypted. In this example, the selected portions are encrypted under an 13 encryption arrangement consistent with DRM A in one case and consistent with 14 DRM B in the other. The content is then reassembled with the duplicated encrypted content replacing the original clear content. (Note that in other 16 scenarios, content can be stored encrypted or unencrypted and the file 17 processed and constructed for delivery to the customer "on the fly".) 18 In this example of AudioNideo content, the content is stored as audio 19 content 206 and video content 210. The file further contains a set of audio encryption pointers 212 that point to the selected portions of the audio content 21 that are encrypted. Similarly, the file further contains a set of video encryption 22 pointers 218 that point to the selected portions of the video content that are 23 encrypted. DRM A data section 222 provides data that the decoder will need to 24 decode the content encrypted using the encryption scheme of DRM A.
Similarly, DRM B data section 226 provides data that the decoder will need to decode the 26 content encrypted using the encryption scheme of DRM B. An identification 27 section 230 identifies the content and the DRM schemes available in the file.
28 The relationship between the video data 210 and video encryption 29 pointers 218 is illustrated in FIGURE 3. Pointers are stored that point to 1 encrypted portions of the video data in the file. Such encrypted portions are 2 shown as 304, 308 and 312. Such encrypted portions are interspersed with 3 portions of data stored unencrypted (In the clear) shown as 320, 324, 328 and 4 332. Of course this illustration is quite simplified since only a small number of encrypted segments are shown compared to the likely large number of encrypted 6 segments. In this illustration, each encrypted segment is illustrated to be the 7 same size (i.e., the encryption quanta), but this is not to be interpreted as limiting.
8 The relationship between the audio data 206 and audio encryption 9 pointers 212 is similar and illustrated in FIGURE 4. Pointers are stored that point to encrypted portions of the audio data in the file. Such encrypted portions are 11 shown as 404, 408 and 412. Such encrypted portions are interspersed with 12 portions of data stored unencrypted shown as 420, 424, 428 and 432. Again, 13 this illustration is quite simplified since only a small number of encrypted 14 segments are shown compared to the likely large number of encrypted segments. In this illustration, the encrypted segments are shown as differing in 16 size, which can be achieved by specifying the length of each encrypted segment.
17 In each case, the number of bytes to be encrypted can be predefined if 18 desired as the encryption quanta so that the encryption pointers can be simply a 19 sequence of memory offset locations. The amount of data encrypted is then determined by a preset encryption quanta (e.g., 8 bytes). In other embodiments, 21 the encryption pointer section can include not only a starting offset but also an 22 ending offset or a starting offset and a number of bytes.
23 FIGURE 5 depicts an exemplary section of encrypted content with the 24 byte offset location illustrated at the beginning of the section of encrypted content. The next segment of data is DRM A encrypted content 502 that lasts for -26 a duration determined by the encryption quanta (either predefined or encoded in 27 the encryption pointers). The next segment of encrypted content 506 is 28 encrypted under DMA B's encryption scheme and lasts for a duration again 29 defined by the encryption quanta. By using a predefined encryption quanta, the 1 encryption pointers are simplified. By specifying the size of the encrypted 2 segment, the size can be varied to achieve a more flexible encryption scheme, at 3 the sacrifice of efficiency in the encryption pointers. Note that in the case of a 4 predefined encryption quanta, multiple consecutive segments can be encrypted to achieve the effect of longer segments of encrypted content.
6 DRMs typically verify that the consumer has paid for viewing the content.
7 Viewing may be granted for a period of time or on a viewing event. When a 8 customer makes a payment, this act enables decryption of the content, often as a 9 result of delivery of a decryption key to the customer to enable decryption.
In order to enable two or more DRMs to work side-by-side, there should be a clear 11 separation between the payment and key management operation and the 12 content decryption. The media player should allow selection of either DRM.
By 13 use of selective encryption, most of the content can be sent in the clear with only 14 certain critical or important content (needed to decompress the rest of the content) sent encrypted. The critical or important content is duplicated and one 16 set of the content is encrypted under one DRM, while the other, is encrypted 17 under the other DRM.
18 Movies and music delivered over the Internet can be packetized in UDP
19 packets for delivery over IP networks. Once re-assembled in the PC, the file can be essentially flat. Both the video and audio can be large packetized elementary 21 stream (PES) files.
22 In order to realize certain embodiments of the present invention, there 23 should be agreement as to how a media player identifies content that is 24 encrypted. In certain embodiments, the encryption quanta, if utilized, should be standardized, or there should be agreement on the least common denominator.
26 Granularity of encryption should be standardized (e.g., can bits from different 27 parts of a video and audio frame be collated for encryption? This is more 28 complicated to signal unless the same bits are chosen over-and-over.).
These 29 matters, however, are more properly the subject of standardization negotiations 1 and are not important to the understanding of the concepts and principles 2 governing the present invention.
3 The files described above can be created using any of a number of 4 processes. Moreover, the file structure shown, although illustrated for audio/video content, can be readily adapted to audio only by omission of the 6 video encryption pointers and video content. One process for creation of such 7 files is depicted in FIGURE 6 as process 600 starting at 604. At 608, a selection 8 criterion is employed to select segments of content to be multiple selectively 9 encrypted. The selection criterion used can be any of those described above, described in the above-referenced patent applications, described elsewhere or 11 newly created without limitation. Once the segments of content are selected, 12 they are duplicated as many times as there are DRM systems to be employed at 13 610. For example, in the digital content provider 104, one set of duplicate 14 selected data is created.
The selected content is then multiple encrypted such that each of the 16 duplicate sets of selected data is encrypted under the encryption scheme for 17 each of the DRMs at 614. In the example of content provider 104, the selected 18 segments.of content are duplicated. One set of selected segments is encrypted 19 under DRM A and the duplicate set is encrypted under DRM B. A set of encryption pointers is then created at 618 as offset values and possibly 21 information that determines the size of the encrypted portions and the file can be 22 saved in the content database 130 at this point until a customer wishes to 23 acquire digital rights to the content. Alternatively, content can be stored in the 24 clear (or encrypted) and the file for delivery to the customer can be created after purchase by the customer.
26 When a customer purchases rights to the content, a digital rights managed 27 transaction is carried out at 626 in which the customer pays for certain rights.
28 Such rights might include rights to view for a particular time period or number of 29 viewings. Limitations can be imposed on copying, playback machine or other _10-1 attributes of the DRM during this transaction. When the transaction is complete, 2 the file containing the purchased content is then retrieved from the content 3 database and DRM data defining the purchased rights is appended at 630. The 4 file is then downloaded or streamed to the customer at 634. The customer can then play back the content (either on computer 112 or another playback device) 6 in a manner consistent with the DRM rights acquired in the transaction at 626.
7 Thus, a method of enabling use of multiple digital rights management 8 scenarios (DRM), consistent with certain embodiments of the present invention 9 involves examining unencrypted data representing digital content to identify at least segments of content for encryption; encrypting the identified segments of 11 content using a first encryption method associated with a first DRM to produce 12 first encrypted segments; encrypting the identified segments of content using a 13 second encryption method associated with a second DRM to produce second 14 encrypted segments; generating first pointers to the first encrypted content;
generating second pointers to the second encrypted content; and replacing the 16 identified segments of content with the first encrypted content and the second 17 encrypted content in the digital content, and inserting the first and second 18 pointers to produce a partially encrypted dual DRM enabled file. When digital 19 rights are purchased, DRM data enabling the rights are appended to the file and the file is sent to the customer.
21 A process such as that used by the customer in accordance with certain 22 embodiments consistent with the present invention is illustrated as process 23 of FIGURE 7 starting at 702 after which the customer acquires digital rights in 24 content via a digital rights acquisition transaction at 706. The customer can then receive by download or streaming the multiple DRM file at 710. When the 26 customer wishes to initiate playback at 714, the DRM data are read at 718, so 27 that the software on the customer's computer or other playback device can 28 determine if the digital rights acquired by the customer are valid (i.e., not expired 29 or otherwise exhausted). If the software determines that the digital rights have 1 expired or been exhausted at 722, the playback is aborted at 726 and the 2 process ends at 730.
3 If the customer's digital rights are verified at 722, the software reads the 4 file's encryption pointers at 734 and begins reading the content at 738. If the content is encrypted at 742, it is decrypted at 746 according to the selected DRM
6 scheme being used for playback (dependent upon the playback software and/or 7 playback machine). If the content is unencrypted or decrypted, control passes to 8 750 where the content is played or buffered for play. If the end of the file has not 9 been reached at 754, control passes back to 738 where a next segment of content is read. When the end of the file is reached at 754, the process stops at 11 730., 12 Thus, in accordance with certain embodiments consistent with the present 13 invention, a method of using rights to digital content under one of a plurality of 14 digital rights management scenarios (DRM), involves carrying out a transaction to acquire digital rights to the content; receiving digital content containing:
16 segments of unencrypted content, first encrypted segments of content encrypted 17' using a first encryption method associated with a first DRM, second encrypted 18 segments of content encrypted using a second encryption method associated 19 with a second DRM, first pointers to the first encrypted segments of content;
second pointers to the second encrypted segments of content, and DRM data 21 that enables digital rights under at least one of the first DRM and the second 22 DRM; determining that valid digital rights are available from the DRM data;
and 23 decrypting one of the first and second encrypted segments to enable playing of 24 the content.
The process 600 of FIGURE 6 can be carried out on any suitable 26 programmed general purpose processor operating as a multiple DRM encoder 27 such as that depicted as computer 800 of FIGURE B. Computer 800 has one or 28 more central processor units (CPU) 810 with one or more associated buses 29 used to connect the central processor unit 810 to Random Access Memory 818 1 and Non-Volatile Memory 822 in a known manner. Output devices 826, such as 2 a display and printer, are provided in order to display and/or print output for the 3 use of the digital content provider as well as to provide a user interface such as a 4 Graphical User Interface (GUI). Similarly, input devices such as keyboard, mouse and removable media readers 830 may be provided for the input of 6 information by the operator. Computer 800 also incorporates internal and/or 7 external attached disc or other mass storage 834 for storing large amounts of 8 information including, but not limited to, the operating system, multiple DRM
9 encryption methods, as well as the content (which is most likely stored on massive attached storage). The Computer system 800 also has an interface 11 838 for connection to the Internet to service customer requests for content.
12 While depicted as a single computer, the digital content provider may utilize 13 multiple linked computers to carry out the functions described herein.
14 The process 700 of FIGURE 7 can be carried out on any suitable programmed general purpose processor operating as a decoder/decrypter and 16 DRM validator such as that depicted as computer 900 of FIGURE 9. Computer 17 900 may be typical of personal computer devices and has a central processor 18 unit (CPU) 910 with one or more associated buses 914 used to connect the 19 central processor unit 910 to Random Access Memory 918 and Non-Volatile Memory 922 in a known manner. Output devices 926, such as a display adapter 21 and display, are provided in order to display output for the use of the customer 22 (possibly including playback of video content) as well as to provide a user 23 interface such as a Graphical User Interface (GUI). An audio adapter and audio 24 system 928 may also be attached for playback of audio or audio/video content.
Similarly, input devices such as keyboard, mouse and removable media readers 26 930 may be provided for the input of information by the operator. Computer 27 also incorporates internal and/or external attached disc or other mass storage 28 934 for storing large amounts of information including, but not limited to, the 29 operating system, DRM validation and decryption software, media player 1 software as well as the downloaded content. The Computer system 900 also 2 has an interface 938 for connection to the Internet, e.g. to purchase content.
3 Thus, certain embodiments of the present invention provide for a digital 4 content provider to readily supply content under multiple digital rights management schemes without need to fully encrypt the content for each potential 6 DRM system. This permits a reduction in either storage capacity (for storage or 7 multiple fully encrypted copies of content) or processing power (to encrypt on the 8 fly) needed by the digital content provider. By use of embodiments of the present 9 invention, the customer can be afforded a wide range of content without need to purchase or load multiple DRM systems and media players on his or her 11 personal computer since multiple DRMs can be readily accommodated by the 12 content provider at low cost.
13 Those skilled in the art will recognize that the present invention has been 14 described in terms of exemplary embodiments based upon use of a programmed processor (e.g., computers 800 and 900). However, the invention should not be 16 so limited, since the present invention could be implemented using hardware 17 component equivalents such as special purpose hardware and/or dedicated 18 processors which are equivalents to the invention as described and claimed.
19 Similarly, general purpose computers, microprocessor based computers, micro-controllers, optical computers, analog computers, dedicated processors and/or 21 dedicated hard wired logic may be used to construct alternative equivalent 22 embodiments of the present invention. Moreover, although the present invention 23 has been described in terms of a general purpose personal computer providing a 24 playback mechanism, the playback can be carried on a dedicated machine without departing from the present invention.
26 Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the program steps and 27 associated data used to implement the embodiments described above can be 28 implemented using disc storage as well as other forms of storage such as for 29 example Read Only Memory (ROM) devices, Random Access Memory (RAM) 1 devices; optical storage elements, magnetic storage elements, magneto-optical 2 storage elements, flash memory, core memory and/or other equivalent storage 3 technologies without departing from the present invention. Such alternative 4 storage devices should be considered equivalents.
The present invention, as described in embodiments herein, is 6 implemented using a programmed processor executing programming instructions 7 that are broadly described above form that can be stored on any suitable 8 electronic storage medium or transmitted over any suitable electronic 9 communication medium or otherwise be present in any computer readable or propagation medium. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the 11 processes described above can be implemented in any number of variations and 12 in many suitable programming languages without departing from the present 13 invention. For example, the order of certain operations carried out can often be 14 varied, additional operations can be added or operations can be deleted without departing from the invention. Error trapping can be added and/or enhanced and 16 variations can be made in user interface and information presentation without 17 departing from the present invention. Such variations are contemplated and 18 considered equivalent.
19 Software code and/or data embodying certain aspects of the present invention may be present in any computer readable medium, transmission 21 medium, storage medium or propagation medium including, but not limited to, 22 electronic storage devices such as those described above, as well as carrier 23 waves, electronic signals, data structures (e.g., trees, linked lists, tables, packets, 24 frames, etc.) optical signals, propagated signals, broadcast signals, transmission media (e.g., circuit connection, cable, twisted pair, fiber optic cables,.
26 waveguides, antennas, etc.) and other media that stores, carries or passes the 27 code and/or data. Such media may either store the software code and/or data or 28 serve to transport the code and/or data from one location to another. In the 29 present exemplary embodiments, MPEG compliant packets, slices, tables and 1 other data structures are used, but this should not be considered limiting since 2 other data structures can similarly be used without departing from the present 3 invention.
4 While the invention has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications, permutations 6 and variations will become apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the 7 foregoing description. Accordingly, it is intended that the present invention 8 embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variations as fall within the 9 scope of the appended claims.
Claims (34)
1. A method of enabling use of multiple digital rights management scenarios (DRM), comprising:
examining unencrypted data representing digital content to identify at least segments of content for encryption;
duplicating the segments of content to produce first and second copies of the identified segments of content;
encrypting the first copy of the identified segments of content using a first encryption method associated with a first DRM to produce first encrypted segments;
encrypting the second copy of the identified segments of content using a second encryption method associated with a second DRM to produce second encrypted segments;
generating first pointers to the first encrypted segments of content;
generating second pointers to the second encrypted segments of content;
and replacing the identified segments of content with the first encrypted content and the second encrypted content in the digital content, and inserting the first and second pointers to produce a partially encrypted dual DRM enabled file.
examining unencrypted data representing digital content to identify at least segments of content for encryption;
duplicating the segments of content to produce first and second copies of the identified segments of content;
encrypting the first copy of the identified segments of content using a first encryption method associated with a first DRM to produce first encrypted segments;
encrypting the second copy of the identified segments of content using a second encryption method associated with a second DRM to produce second encrypted segments;
generating first pointers to the first encrypted segments of content;
generating second pointers to the second encrypted segments of content;
and replacing the identified segments of content with the first encrypted content and the second encrypted content in the digital content, and inserting the first and second pointers to produce a partially encrypted dual DRM enabled file.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the content comprises digitized audio.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the content comprises digitized video.
4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising appending data to enable digital rights under the first DRM to the file.
5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising appending data to enable digital rights under the second DRM to the file.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first and second pointers comprise byte offsets identifying a starting location for encrypted segments of content.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first and second encrypted segments of content have a duration defined by an encryption quanta.
8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising appending data to enable digital rights under at least one of the first DRM and the second DRM
to the file; and transmitting the file to a customer.
to the file; and transmitting the file to a customer.
9. A computer, readable medium storing instructions which, when executed on a programmed processor, carry out the method of enabling use of multiple digital rights management scenarios according to claim 1.
10. An encoder that enables use of multiple digital rights management scenarios (DRM), comprising:
means for examining unencrypted data representing digital content to identify at least segments of content for encryption;
a first encrypter that encrypts the identified segments of content using a first encryption method associated with a first DRM to produce first encrypted segments;
a second encrypter that encrypts the identified segments of content using a second encryption method associated with a second DRM to produce second encrypted segments;
means for generating first pointers to the first encrypted segments of content;
means for generating second pointers to the second encrypted segments of content; and means for replacing the identified segments of content with the first encrypted content and the second encrypted content in the digital content, and inserting the first and second pointers to produce a partially encrypted dual DRM
enabled file.
means for examining unencrypted data representing digital content to identify at least segments of content for encryption;
a first encrypter that encrypts the identified segments of content using a first encryption method associated with a first DRM to produce first encrypted segments;
a second encrypter that encrypts the identified segments of content using a second encryption method associated with a second DRM to produce second encrypted segments;
means for generating first pointers to the first encrypted segments of content;
means for generating second pointers to the second encrypted segments of content; and means for replacing the identified segments of content with the first encrypted content and the second encrypted content in the digital content, and inserting the first and second pointers to produce a partially encrypted dual DRM
enabled file.
11. The encoder according to claim 10, wherein the content comprises at least one of digitized audio and digitized video.
12. The encoder according to claim 10, further comprising means for appending data to enable digital rights under at least one of the first DRM
and the second DRM to the file.
and the second DRM to the file.
13. The encoder according to claim 10, wherein the first and second pointers comprise byte offsets identifying a starting location for encrypted segments of content.
14. The encoder according to claim 10, wherein the first and second encrypted segments of content have a duration defined by an encryption quanta.
15. The encoder according to claim 10, further comprising appending data to enable digital rights under at least one of the first DRM and the second DRM
to the file; and transmitting the file to a customer.
to the file; and transmitting the file to a customer.
16. The encoder according to claim 10, implemented in a programmed general purpose computer.
17. A method of using rights to digital content under one of a plurality of digital rights management scenarios (DRM), comprising:
carrying out a transaction to acquire digital rights to the content;
receiving digital content containing:
segments of unencrypted content, first encrypted segments of content encrypted using a first encryption method associated with a first DRM, second encrypted segments of content encrypted using a second encryption method associated with a second DRM, first pointers to the first encrypted segments of content;
second pointers to the second encrypted segments of content, and DRM data that enables digital rights under at least one of the first DRM and the second DRM;
determining that valid digital rights are available from the DRM data; and decrypting one of the first and second encrypted segments to enable playing of the content.
carrying out a transaction to acquire digital rights to the content;
receiving digital content containing:
segments of unencrypted content, first encrypted segments of content encrypted using a first encryption method associated with a first DRM, second encrypted segments of content encrypted using a second encryption method associated with a second DRM, first pointers to the first encrypted segments of content;
second pointers to the second encrypted segments of content, and DRM data that enables digital rights under at least one of the first DRM and the second DRM;
determining that valid digital rights are available from the DRM data; and decrypting one of the first and second encrypted segments to enable playing of the content.
18. The method according to claim 17, wherein the content comprises at least one of digitized audio and digitized video.
19. The method according to claim 17, wherein the first and second pointers comprise byte offsets identifying a starting location for encrypted segments of content.
20. The method according to claim 17, wherein the first and second encrypted segments of content have a duration defined by an encryption quanta.
21. A computer readable medium storing instructions which, when executed on a programmed processor, carry out the method of method of using rights to digital content according to claim 17.
22. A decoder that enables use rights to digital content under one of a plurality of digital rights management scenarios (DRM), comprising:
means for carrying out a transaction to acquire digital rights to the content;
means for receiving digital content containing:
segments of unencrypted content, first encrypted segments of content encrypted using a first encryption method associated with a first DRM, second encrypted segments of content encrypted using a second encryption method associated with a second DRM, first pointers to the first encrypted segments of content;
second pointers to the second encrypted segments of content, and DRM data that enables digital rights under at least one of the first DRM and the second DRM;
a DRM validator that determines that valid digital rights are available from the DRM data; and a decrypter that decrypts one of the encrypted segments to enable playing the content.
means for carrying out a transaction to acquire digital rights to the content;
means for receiving digital content containing:
segments of unencrypted content, first encrypted segments of content encrypted using a first encryption method associated with a first DRM, second encrypted segments of content encrypted using a second encryption method associated with a second DRM, first pointers to the first encrypted segments of content;
second pointers to the second encrypted segments of content, and DRM data that enables digital rights under at least one of the first DRM and the second DRM;
a DRM validator that determines that valid digital rights are available from the DRM data; and a decrypter that decrypts one of the encrypted segments to enable playing the content.
23. The decrypter according to claim 22, wherein the content comprises at least one of digitized audio and digitized video.
24. The decrypter according to claim 22, wherein the first and second pointers comprise byte offsets identifying a starting location for encrypted segments of content.
25. The decrypter according to claim 22, wherein the first and second encrypted segments of content have a duration defined by an encryption quanta.
26. The decrypter according to claim 22, implemented in a programmed general purpose computer.
27. A computer-readable medium storing instructions or statements for use in the execution in a processor for performing a method of enabling use of multiple digital rights management scenarios (DRM) embodied in a carrier wave, comprising:
segments of unencrypted content;
first encrypted segments of content encrypted using a first encryption method associated with a first DRM;
second encrypted segments of content encrypted using a second encryption method associated with a second DRM;
a first segment of code comprising first pointers to the first encrypted segments of content;
a second segment of code comprising second pointers to the second encrypted segments of content; and a segment of DRM data that enables digital rights under at least one of the first DRM and the second DRM.
segments of unencrypted content;
first encrypted segments of content encrypted using a first encryption method associated with a first DRM;
second encrypted segments of content encrypted using a second encryption method associated with a second DRM;
a first segment of code comprising first pointers to the first encrypted segments of content;
a second segment of code comprising second pointers to the second encrypted segments of content; and a segment of DRM data that enables digital rights under at least one of the first DRM and the second DRM.
28. The computer-readable medium according to claim 27, wherein the content comprises at least one of digitized audio and digitized video.
29. The computer-readable medium according to claim 27, wherein the first and second pointers comprise byte offsets identifying a starting location for encrypted segments of content.
30. The computer-readable medium according to claim 27, wherein the first and second encrypted segments of content have a duration defined by an encryption quanta.
31. A computer-readable medium storing instructions or statements for use in the execution in a processor for performing a method of enabling use of multiple digital rights management scenarios (DRM) embodied in a computer readable medium, comprising:
segments of unencrypted content;
first encrypted segments of content encrypted using a first encryption method associated with a first DRM;
second encrypted segments of content encrypted using a second encryption method associated with a second DRM;
a first segment of code comprising first pointers to the first encrypted segments of content;
a second segment of code comprising second pointers to the second encrypted segments of content; and a segment of DRM data that enables digital rights under at least one of the first DRM and the second DRM.
segments of unencrypted content;
first encrypted segments of content encrypted using a first encryption method associated with a first DRM;
second encrypted segments of content encrypted using a second encryption method associated with a second DRM;
a first segment of code comprising first pointers to the first encrypted segments of content;
a second segment of code comprising second pointers to the second encrypted segments of content; and a segment of DRM data that enables digital rights under at least one of the first DRM and the second DRM.
32. The computer readable medium according to claim 31, wherein the content comprises at least one of digitized audio and digitized video.
33. The computer readable medium according to claim 31, wherein the first and second pointers comprise byte offsets identifying a starting location for encrypted segments of content.
34. The computer readable medium according to claim 31, wherein the first and second encrypted segments of content have a duration defined by an encryption quanta.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
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- 2002-12-13 US US10/319,096 patent/US20040049690A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2003
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WO2004023717A2 (en) | 2004-03-18 |
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CN1682486B (en) | 2013-08-21 |
EP1543650B1 (en) | 2016-06-22 |
JP5523513B2 (en) | 2014-06-18 |
AU2003268468A1 (en) | 2004-03-29 |
CN1682486A (en) | 2005-10-12 |
US20040049690A1 (en) | 2004-03-11 |
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