CA2487263A1 - Surgical thread "aptos" for cosmetic surgery - Google Patents
Surgical thread "aptos" for cosmetic surgery Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2487263A1 CA2487263A1 CA002487263A CA2487263A CA2487263A1 CA 2487263 A1 CA2487263 A1 CA 2487263A1 CA 002487263 A CA002487263 A CA 002487263A CA 2487263 A CA2487263 A CA 2487263A CA 2487263 A1 CA2487263 A1 CA 2487263A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- thread
- surgical
- protrusions
- barbs
- notched
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/064—Surgical staples, i.e. penetrating the tissue
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for suturing wounds; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
- A61B17/06—Needles ; Sutures; Needle-suture combinations; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
- A61B17/06166—Sutures
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B2017/00743—Type of operation; Specification of treatment sites
- A61B2017/00792—Plastic surgery
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for suturing wounds; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
- A61B17/06—Needles ; Sutures; Needle-suture combinations; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
- A61B17/06166—Sutures
- A61B2017/06176—Sutures with protrusions, e.g. barbs
Abstract
The inventive surgical thread for cosmetic surgery is provided with serially arranged inclined-notched protrusions (2) in the form of conical barbs (3) having flexible and elastic sharpened ends (4b). Said barbs are arranged on one or several sides along the section of the thread (for example in an offset manner ) and with a sequential alternation of barb inclinations. Said thread is not fixed to a surgical needle and is introduced into soft tissues through the hole of an injection needle. The invention discloses the embodiment of the notched protrusions which preserves the rupture strength of the thread and meets the requirements of the functional use thereof, thereby making it possible to carry out a cosmetic surgery.
Description
Surgical thread APTOS for cosmetic operations Technical field The invention refers to medicine, to methods and techniques of carrying out surgical and plastic operations. In particular, the invention refers to medical materials used in plastic surgery during cosmetic operations.
Prior Art Surgical threads for cosmetic operations are known (Ya. Zoltan, "Surgical technique and conditions for optimal wound healing", "Meditsina", Budapest, 1977).
Threads are made of various materials: metallic, polymeric, biological. The basic characteristics of threads are as follows: strength, smooth surface, density, biological inertness. Threads must be well tied into knots during suturing a wound, and should not loosen up.
Depending on the type of the operation, various surgical threads are used (International Conference "Present-day approaches to development of effective dressing and suturing materials and polymeric implants", Moscow, 1995, Institute of Surgery named after A.V. Vishnevskii). These are the threads made of tantalum, golden, silver, nickel and other wires. Non-metallic threads are usually made of Dacron, nylon, kapron, polypropylene, vicryl, polysorb, etc. Monolithic, plaited, twisted threads etc. are used.
Basic characteristics of threads: strength, smooth surface, density, biologically inert nature. Also used are threads with angled protrusions providing unidirectional penetrability through tissues (patent DE 1810800 dated 3une 4'h, 1970 A614 17100).
They are used for suturing of wounds and various viscera in order to accelerate the manipulation, to decrease the operational wound, and to obtain a barely visible scar.
Correction of facial wrinkles with decreased and lost skin elasticity, soft-tissue ptosis (sagging) remains one of the main problems of cosmetic and aesthetic surgery.
Using the above-mentioned surgical threads does not allow to obtain the desired aesthetic effect. Their disadvantage is in that they can fix soft tissues in the existing position, however they do not provide a lifting effect, therefore their use is inefficient for flabby and sagging soft tissues.
Prior Art Surgical threads for cosmetic operations are known (Ya. Zoltan, "Surgical technique and conditions for optimal wound healing", "Meditsina", Budapest, 1977).
Threads are made of various materials: metallic, polymeric, biological. The basic characteristics of threads are as follows: strength, smooth surface, density, biological inertness. Threads must be well tied into knots during suturing a wound, and should not loosen up.
Depending on the type of the operation, various surgical threads are used (International Conference "Present-day approaches to development of effective dressing and suturing materials and polymeric implants", Moscow, 1995, Institute of Surgery named after A.V. Vishnevskii). These are the threads made of tantalum, golden, silver, nickel and other wires. Non-metallic threads are usually made of Dacron, nylon, kapron, polypropylene, vicryl, polysorb, etc. Monolithic, plaited, twisted threads etc. are used.
Basic characteristics of threads: strength, smooth surface, density, biologically inert nature. Also used are threads with angled protrusions providing unidirectional penetrability through tissues (patent DE 1810800 dated 3une 4'h, 1970 A614 17100).
They are used for suturing of wounds and various viscera in order to accelerate the manipulation, to decrease the operational wound, and to obtain a barely visible scar.
Correction of facial wrinkles with decreased and lost skin elasticity, soft-tissue ptosis (sagging) remains one of the main problems of cosmetic and aesthetic surgery.
Using the above-mentioned surgical threads does not allow to obtain the desired aesthetic effect. Their disadvantage is in that they can fix soft tissues in the existing position, however they do not provide a lifting effect, therefore their use is inefficient for flabby and sagging soft tissues.
The closest by the essence of the claimed invention are the surgical thread (patent DE 1810800 A61L 17!00, 4.06.1970), a surgical thread (patent WO 98152473, A61B
17/04, 26.11.98) used for closure of open wounds in surgical operations, and a surgical thread for cosmetic operations according to application PCT/RU99/00263.
These threads are provided with barbs of their surface, the form of the barbs being dependent on the use of these threads.
Along with it, the unidirectional positioning of the barbed protrusions on the surface of these threads does not allow to carry out the manipulation of lifting, and, accordingly, cannot provide lifting and reliable fixation of soft tissues in a new position, which is especially important for obtaining stable and long-lasting results. It is also impossible to use for these purposes the threads with barbed-protrusions with an opposite position thereof from the middle of the thread, since they are fixed to needles from one or both sides, and the thread can be pulled within tissues only to the middle of the thread.
Disclosure of the invention The task assigned is solved by the fact that the surgical thread far cosmetic operation made of a metallic (other than steel), polymeric, or biological material comprises successively positioned along its length inclined notched protrusions which, according to the invention, are made in the form of conical barbs with pointed, flexibly elastic ends with the barbs being positioned on one or several sides of the thread's section (e.g., in a staggered order) with successive alternation of the barbs' inclination.
This thread is not fixed to a surgical needle, but is inserted into soft tissues through the orifice of an injection needle.
The direction and position of the notched protrusions provides, on inserting the thread into soft tissues, fixation of the thread and, accordingly, soft tissues.
It is advisable that the ends of the notched protrusions do not elevate above the thread less than the thread's diameter, the interval between the protrusions amounting to not more than two diameters of the thread.
As a variant, the thread may be provided with barbs on its opposite sides, with the directions of their inclination being opposite, as well.
17/04, 26.11.98) used for closure of open wounds in surgical operations, and a surgical thread for cosmetic operations according to application PCT/RU99/00263.
These threads are provided with barbs of their surface, the form of the barbs being dependent on the use of these threads.
Along with it, the unidirectional positioning of the barbed protrusions on the surface of these threads does not allow to carry out the manipulation of lifting, and, accordingly, cannot provide lifting and reliable fixation of soft tissues in a new position, which is especially important for obtaining stable and long-lasting results. It is also impossible to use for these purposes the threads with barbed-protrusions with an opposite position thereof from the middle of the thread, since they are fixed to needles from one or both sides, and the thread can be pulled within tissues only to the middle of the thread.
Disclosure of the invention The task assigned is solved by the fact that the surgical thread far cosmetic operation made of a metallic (other than steel), polymeric, or biological material comprises successively positioned along its length inclined notched protrusions which, according to the invention, are made in the form of conical barbs with pointed, flexibly elastic ends with the barbs being positioned on one or several sides of the thread's section (e.g., in a staggered order) with successive alternation of the barbs' inclination.
This thread is not fixed to a surgical needle, but is inserted into soft tissues through the orifice of an injection needle.
The direction and position of the notched protrusions provides, on inserting the thread into soft tissues, fixation of the thread and, accordingly, soft tissues.
It is advisable that the ends of the notched protrusions do not elevate above the thread less than the thread's diameter, the interval between the protrusions amounting to not more than two diameters of the thread.
As a variant, the thread may be provided with barbs on its opposite sides, with the directions of their inclination being opposite, as well.
Another variant is a thread provided with notched protrusions on both sides with alternating directions of their inclination.
A third variant is a thread on which the barbs formed from one or several sides are directed oppositely to each other from the centre of the thread.
Yet another variant is a thread on which the notched protrusions are made in the form of needles with sockets fixed on the thread with the alternating direction of the needles' inclination.
Brief description of figures Hereinafter, the proposed invention is explained by specific examples of its realization, and the respective drawings showing the following:
Fig. 1 shows a variant of a surgical thread with alternating notched protrusions provided on the four sides along its section.
Fig. 2 shows a variant of a surgical thread with inclined notched protrusions provided on two sides of the thread.
Fig. 3 depicts a variant of surgical thread with an alternating inclination of the notched protrusions provided on two opposite sides along its section.
Fig. 4 shows a variant of a surgical thread with alternating inclined protrusions made as needles with sockets.
Fig. 5 shows a variant of surgical thread having barbs made on two sides and directed oppositely to each other from the middle of the thread.
Fig. 6 illustrates a method of subcutaneous insertion of the thread with the help of an puncture needle.
Fig. 7 shows the position of the surgical thread when the facial soft tissues are lifted.
Fig. 8 shows a lateral cut of tissues and fixation thereof by means of the surgical thread.
Basic variant of implementing the invention Surgical thread 1 for cosmetic operations with sequentially arranged along its length inclined notched protrusions 2 in the form of barbs 3 with pointed flexible and elastic ends 4.
In Figure 1 the barbs are positioned on the four sides with regard to the section of the thread in a staggered order with successively alternating inclination of the barbs 3;
A third variant is a thread on which the barbs formed from one or several sides are directed oppositely to each other from the centre of the thread.
Yet another variant is a thread on which the notched protrusions are made in the form of needles with sockets fixed on the thread with the alternating direction of the needles' inclination.
Brief description of figures Hereinafter, the proposed invention is explained by specific examples of its realization, and the respective drawings showing the following:
Fig. 1 shows a variant of a surgical thread with alternating notched protrusions provided on the four sides along its section.
Fig. 2 shows a variant of a surgical thread with inclined notched protrusions provided on two sides of the thread.
Fig. 3 depicts a variant of surgical thread with an alternating inclination of the notched protrusions provided on two opposite sides along its section.
Fig. 4 shows a variant of a surgical thread with alternating inclined protrusions made as needles with sockets.
Fig. 5 shows a variant of surgical thread having barbs made on two sides and directed oppositely to each other from the middle of the thread.
Fig. 6 illustrates a method of subcutaneous insertion of the thread with the help of an puncture needle.
Fig. 7 shows the position of the surgical thread when the facial soft tissues are lifted.
Fig. 8 shows a lateral cut of tissues and fixation thereof by means of the surgical thread.
Basic variant of implementing the invention Surgical thread 1 for cosmetic operations with sequentially arranged along its length inclined notched protrusions 2 in the form of barbs 3 with pointed flexible and elastic ends 4.
In Figure 1 the barbs are positioned on the four sides with regard to the section of the thread in a staggered order with successively alternating inclination of the barbs 3;
5.
Elevation 6 of the ends 4 of the barbs above the thread should be not less than its diameter, and the interval 7 should be not less than two diameters of the thread. When providing the notched barbs 3; 5 shown in Figures 1, 2, 3 and 5, it is preferable to make the size of the base 8 of the notch equal to 1/3 of the thread's diameter.
In Fig. 4 the inclined notched protrusions of the thread are made in the form of needles 9 with sockets 10 for their fixation on the thread. All the mentioned parameters of the notched protrusions and their form are dictated by the necessity of preserving the rupture strength of the thread and providing due flexibility/elasticity of the protrusions' ends for good engagement and fixation of subcutaneous tissues.
Fig. 6 shows a scheme of pulling the thread under a flabby droopy region of soft tissues of an ageing face for the purpose of its lifting. A puncture needle 11 is used to pierce the skin of the temporal portion, then it is moved subcutaneously over the previously marked contour, and is brought to the surface in the region of the nasolabial fold. Through the needle's orifice, the barbed thread is inserted, to impart the skin and soft tissues a lifted position.
Fig. 7 shows a scheme wherein the needle is withdrawn, while the thread is left, maintaining a lifted position of the tissues, since the notches prevent them from slipping down, the ends of the thread 12 extending beyond the surface of the skin.
Then, the thread's ends are cut off from the both sides near the skin surface, and are submerged subcutaneously. In this case the whole region of the ptosed soft tissues is uniformly lifted, thus smoothing out the wrinkles and skin folds.
Fig. 8 shows a longitudinal cut of a soft-tissue region - that of skin 13 and subcutaneous fat 14, wherein the thread is fixed.
Several such threads pulled subcutaneously through the necessary regions of the ageing face, provide a rejuvenating effect. When the threads with a lifting effect are used, there is no need in carrying out surgically severe operations such as rhitidoplasty, or liposuction.
Manipulations using such threads are simple and bloodless, with no scars left.
They can be carried out in outpatient conditions under local anaesthesia, and with a short rehabilitation period.
Practical applicability The invention can be widely used, as indicated, in various cosmetic operations.
Besides, it may also be used in other surgical operations.
Elevation 6 of the ends 4 of the barbs above the thread should be not less than its diameter, and the interval 7 should be not less than two diameters of the thread. When providing the notched barbs 3; 5 shown in Figures 1, 2, 3 and 5, it is preferable to make the size of the base 8 of the notch equal to 1/3 of the thread's diameter.
In Fig. 4 the inclined notched protrusions of the thread are made in the form of needles 9 with sockets 10 for their fixation on the thread. All the mentioned parameters of the notched protrusions and their form are dictated by the necessity of preserving the rupture strength of the thread and providing due flexibility/elasticity of the protrusions' ends for good engagement and fixation of subcutaneous tissues.
Fig. 6 shows a scheme of pulling the thread under a flabby droopy region of soft tissues of an ageing face for the purpose of its lifting. A puncture needle 11 is used to pierce the skin of the temporal portion, then it is moved subcutaneously over the previously marked contour, and is brought to the surface in the region of the nasolabial fold. Through the needle's orifice, the barbed thread is inserted, to impart the skin and soft tissues a lifted position.
Fig. 7 shows a scheme wherein the needle is withdrawn, while the thread is left, maintaining a lifted position of the tissues, since the notches prevent them from slipping down, the ends of the thread 12 extending beyond the surface of the skin.
Then, the thread's ends are cut off from the both sides near the skin surface, and are submerged subcutaneously. In this case the whole region of the ptosed soft tissues is uniformly lifted, thus smoothing out the wrinkles and skin folds.
Fig. 8 shows a longitudinal cut of a soft-tissue region - that of skin 13 and subcutaneous fat 14, wherein the thread is fixed.
Several such threads pulled subcutaneously through the necessary regions of the ageing face, provide a rejuvenating effect. When the threads with a lifting effect are used, there is no need in carrying out surgically severe operations such as rhitidoplasty, or liposuction.
Manipulations using such threads are simple and bloodless, with no scars left.
They can be carried out in outpatient conditions under local anaesthesia, and with a short rehabilitation period.
Practical applicability The invention can be widely used, as indicated, in various cosmetic operations.
Besides, it may also be used in other surgical operations.
References 1. Patent DE 1810800, A61L 17/00, publication 4.06.1970 (the most pertinent prior art) 2. Patent WO 98/52473, A61B 17/04, publication 26.11.98.
3. Patent DE 4302895 C2 A61L 17/00, publication 04.08.94.
4. Ya. Zoltan "Operational technique and conditions of optimal wound healing"
Meditsina. Budapest, 1977, pp. 44-47, 58-63, 90-91.
5. US 5374268 A 1, 20.12.94.
6. GB 1506362 A1, 05.04.78.
?. US 4069825 Al, 24.01.78.
8. EP 0428253 Al, 22.05.91.
9. US 5222976 A 29.06.93.
10. EP 0576337 A 29.12.93.
11. Application PCT/RU 99100263. 29.07.99.
12. Proceedings of the International Conference "Present-day approaches to development of effective bandaging, suturing materials and polymeric implants", 1995, Moscow, Institute of Surgery named after A.V. Vishnevskii, pp. 314-316, 337-344.
3. Patent DE 4302895 C2 A61L 17/00, publication 04.08.94.
4. Ya. Zoltan "Operational technique and conditions of optimal wound healing"
Meditsina. Budapest, 1977, pp. 44-47, 58-63, 90-91.
5. US 5374268 A 1, 20.12.94.
6. GB 1506362 A1, 05.04.78.
?. US 4069825 Al, 24.01.78.
8. EP 0428253 Al, 22.05.91.
9. US 5222976 A 29.06.93.
10. EP 0576337 A 29.12.93.
11. Application PCT/RU 99100263. 29.07.99.
12. Proceedings of the International Conference "Present-day approaches to development of effective bandaging, suturing materials and polymeric implants", 1995, Moscow, Institute of Surgery named after A.V. Vishnevskii, pp. 314-316, 337-344.
Claims (6)
1. Surgical thread (1) for cosmetic operations made of a metallic, polymeric, or biological material, containing successively arranged along its length inclined notched protrusions, characterized in that the notched protrusions (2) are made in the form of conical barbs (3) with pointed flexible and elastic ends (4), the barbs (3; 5) positioned on one or several sides along the section of the thread (e.g., in a staggered order) with a successively alternating inclination thereof.
2. A surgical thread (1) for cosmetic operations, according to claim 1, characterized in that the elevation (6) of the ends (4) of the notched protrusions (2) above the thread amounts to not less than the diameter thereof, the interval (7) between the protrusions being less than two diameters of the thread.
3. A surgical thread (1) for cosmetic operations according to claim 1, characterized in that the notched protrusions (2) of the thread are provided on two opposite sides, the direction of their inclination being opposite as well.
4. A surgical thread (1) for cosmetic operations according to claim 1, characterized in that the notched protrusions are provided on two sides with an alternating direction of their inclination.
5. A surgical thread (1) for cosmetic operations according to claim 1, characterized in that the notched protrusions provided on two sides are directed oppositely to each other from the centre of the thread.
6. A surgical thread (1) for cosmetic operations according to claim 1, characterized in that the notched protrusions are provided in the form of needles (9) with sockets (10) for fixation thereof on the thread with alternating directions of the inclination of the needles.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/RU2002/000285 WO2003103733A1 (en) | 2002-06-07 | 2002-06-07 | Surgical thread "aptos" for cosmetic surgery |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2487263A1 true CA2487263A1 (en) | 2003-12-18 |
Family
ID=29729021
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002487263A Abandoned CA2487263A1 (en) | 2002-06-07 | 2002-06-07 | Surgical thread "aptos" for cosmetic surgery |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US20050203576A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2005532848A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1630537A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2002332359A1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0215762A2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2487263A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE20221118U1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MXPA04012293A (en) |
| TR (1) | TR200403229T1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2003103733A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2005087283A1 (en) | 2004-03-15 | 2005-09-22 | Marlen Andreevich Sulamanidze | Surgical thread and cosmetic surgery method |
| WO2005120362A2 (en) * | 2004-06-10 | 2005-12-22 | Gabriel Efstratios | Implantable soft tissue and skin lifting system |
| WO2006005144A1 (en) * | 2004-07-13 | 2006-01-19 | Jose Antonio Encinas Beramendi | Surgery thread |
| US7601164B2 (en) | 2004-04-07 | 2009-10-13 | Tze Liang Woffles Wu | Surgical thread |
| US8236027B2 (en) | 2004-04-07 | 2012-08-07 | Tze Liang Woffles Wu | Surgical thread |
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- 2002-06-07 CN CNA028291514A patent/CN1630537A/en active Pending
- 2002-06-07 MX MXPA04012293A patent/MXPA04012293A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2002-06-07 DE DE20221118U patent/DE20221118U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-06-07 TR TR2004/03229T patent/TR200403229T1/en unknown
- 2002-06-07 US US10/517,169 patent/US20050203576A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-06-07 CA CA002487263A patent/CA2487263A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-06-07 WO PCT/RU2002/000285 patent/WO2003103733A1/en active Application Filing
- 2002-06-07 AU AU2002332359A patent/AU2002332359A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-06-07 JP JP2004510852A patent/JP2005532848A/en active Pending
- 2002-06-27 BR BRPI0215762A patent/BRPI0215762A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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2008
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2005087283A1 (en) | 2004-03-15 | 2005-09-22 | Marlen Andreevich Sulamanidze | Surgical thread and cosmetic surgery method |
| EP1726317A1 (en) * | 2004-03-15 | 2006-11-29 | Marlen Andreevich Sulamanidze | Surgical thread and cosmetic surgery method |
| EP1726317A4 (en) * | 2004-03-15 | 2009-07-15 | Marlen Andreevich Sulamanidze | Surgical thread and cosmetic surgery method |
| US7601164B2 (en) | 2004-04-07 | 2009-10-13 | Tze Liang Woffles Wu | Surgical thread |
| US8236027B2 (en) | 2004-04-07 | 2012-08-07 | Tze Liang Woffles Wu | Surgical thread |
| WO2005120362A2 (en) * | 2004-06-10 | 2005-12-22 | Gabriel Efstratios | Implantable soft tissue and skin lifting system |
| WO2005120362A3 (en) * | 2004-06-10 | 2006-06-15 | Gabriel Efstratios | Implantable soft tissue and skin lifting system |
| WO2006005144A1 (en) * | 2004-07-13 | 2006-01-19 | Jose Antonio Encinas Beramendi | Surgery thread |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| MXPA04012293A (en) | 2005-07-25 |
| JP2005532848A (en) | 2005-11-04 |
| WO2003103733A8 (en) | 2004-04-15 |
| TR200403229T1 (en) | 2005-05-23 |
| BRPI0215762A2 (en) | 2016-11-08 |
| US20050203576A1 (en) | 2005-09-15 |
| AU2002332359A1 (en) | 2003-12-22 |
| WO2003103733A1 (en) | 2003-12-18 |
| US20080262542A1 (en) | 2008-10-23 |
| DE20221118U1 (en) | 2005-03-03 |
| CN1630537A (en) | 2005-06-22 |
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| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |
Effective date: 20090608 |