CA2476439A1 - Container with at least one electrode - Google Patents
Container with at least one electrode Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2476439A1 CA2476439A1 CA002476439A CA2476439A CA2476439A1 CA 2476439 A1 CA2476439 A1 CA 2476439A1 CA 002476439 A CA002476439 A CA 002476439A CA 2476439 A CA2476439 A CA 2476439A CA 2476439 A1 CA2476439 A1 CA 2476439A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- container
- container according
- doped
- plastic material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract 13
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract 12
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract 11
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 claims abstract 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000004520 electroporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims 8
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 5
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims 4
- 229920002302 Nylon 6,6 Polymers 0.000 claims 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 3
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims 3
- 229920002292 Nylon 6 Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000007523 nucleic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 102000039446 nucleic acids Human genes 0.000 claims 1
- 108020004707 nucleic acids Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001197 polyacetylene Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001890 transfection Methods 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M35/00—Means for application of stress for stimulating the growth of microorganisms or the generation of fermentation or metabolic products; Means for electroporation or cell fusion
- C12M35/02—Electrical or electromagnetic means, e.g. for electroporation or for cell fusion
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M1/00—Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology
- C12M1/42—Apparatus for the treatment of microorganisms or enzymes with electrical or wave energy, e.g. magnetism, sonic waves
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M3/00—Tissue, human, animal or plant cell, or virus culture apparatus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N13/00—Treatment of microorganisms or enzymes with electrical or wave energy, e.g. magnetism, sonic waves
Abstract
The invention relates to a container 20, 30 for receiving an aqueous solution, which is formed at least partially by an outer limit 21 forming an inner chamber 22, 32 for receiving the solution, and which comprises at least one area which acts as an electrode 25, 26, 33, 34 when an electric voltage is applied and a subsequent discharge occurs, wherein at least one electrode 25, 26, 33, 34 is made of a conductive synthetic material at least based on a plastic material which is doped with at least one conductive substance. A container 20, 30 of the above-mentioned kind is created this way, which is simple and economical to produce and also, for example, enables an efficient transfection of living cells by means of electroporation or an effective electrofusion.
Claims (25)
1. Container (20, 30) for receiving an aqueous solution, and in particular cells, derivatives of cells, subcellular particles and/or vesicles, which is formed at least partially by an outer limit (21) forming an inner chamber (22, 32) for receiving said solution, and which comprises at least one area which acts as an electrode (25, 26, 33, 34) when an electric voltage is applied and a subsequent discharge occurs, wherein at least one electrode (25, 26, 33, 34) is made of a conductive synthetic material at least based on a plastic material which is doped with at least one conductive substance, and wherein the overall concentration of said dope in said plastic material is 40 - 80 % w/w.
2. Container according to claim 1, wherein said dope consists of carbon fibers, graphite, soot and/or carbon nanotubes.
3. Container according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the overall concentration of said dope in said plastic material is 40 - 60 % w/w, preferably 50 - 60 %
w/w, in particular 55 - 60 % w/w.
w/w, in particular 55 - 60 % w/w.
4. Container according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the overall concentration of said dope in said plastic material is 50 - 80 % w/w, preferably 60 - 80 %
w/w, most preferred 70 - 80 % w/w, in particular 74 - 76 % w/w.
w/w, most preferred 70 - 80 % w/w, in particular 74 - 76 % w/w.
5. Container according to any one of the claims 1 to 4, wherein said plastic material is polycarbonate, polyetheretherketone, polypropylene, polyamide, polyphenylensulfide or a mixture of these polymers, or at least based on one or several of these polymers, and/or wherein said plastic material is an intrinsically conductive synthetic material.
6. Container according claim 5, wherein said intrinsically conductive synthetic material is polyaniline, polyacetylene, poly-para-phenylene, poly-para-phenylensulfide, polypyrroles, polythiophene, polypropylene or the like, or at least based on one or several of these polymers.
7. Container according to any one of the claims 1 to 6, wherein said outer limit (21, 31) is made of synthetic material, preferably transparent plastic material.
8. Container according to claim 7, wherein said outer limit (21, 31) is made of the same plastic material as the plastic material on which said at feast one electrode (25, 26, 33, 34) is based.
9. Container according to any one of the claims 1 to 8, wherein said at least one electrode (25, 26, 33, 34) is integrated into said outer limit (21, 31).
10. Container according to any one of the claims 1 to 9 comprising at least two electrodes (25, 26, 33, 34) being made of the same material.
11. Container according to any one of the claims 1 to 10, wherein at least two electrodes (25, 26, 33, 34) are made of different materials.
12. Container according to any one of the claims 1 to 11, wherein at least one electrode (25, 26, 33, 34) is made of polyamide, in particular polyamide 66 or polyamide 6, doped with 25 - 45 % w/w, preferably 30 - 40 % w/w, in particular 33 - 37 % w/w, carbon fibers and 15 - 35 % w/w, preferably 20 -30 % w/w, in particular 23 - 27 % w/w, graphite.
13. Container according to any one of the claims 1 to 11, wherein at least one electrode (25, 26, 33, 34) is made of polyamide, in particular polyamide 66 or polyamide 6, doped with 30 - 50 % w/w, preferably 35 - 45 % w/w, in particular 39 - 41 % w/w, carbon fibers and 25 - 45 % w/w, preferably 30 -40 % w/w, in particular 34 - 36 % w/w, graphite.
14. Container according to any one of the claims 1 to 11, wherein at least one electrode (25, 26, 33, 34) is made of polycarbonate doped with 15 - 40 w/w carbon fibers and 1 - 40 % w/w graphite.
15. Container according to any one of the claims 1 to 11, wherein at least one electrode (25, 26, 33, 34) is made of polyetheretherketone doped with 40 -50 % w/w carbon fibers.
16. Container according to any one of the claims 1 to 11, wherein at least one electrode (25, 26, 33, 34) is made of polyamide, preferably polyamide 66, doped with 40 % w/w carbon fibers.
17. Container according to any one of the claims 1 to 11, wherein at least one electrode (25, 26, 33, 34) is made of polypropylene doped with 40 % w/w carbon fibers.
18. Container according to any one of the claims 1 to 11, wherein at least one electrode (25, 26, 33, 34) is made of polyphenylensulfide doped with 40 -50 % w/w carbon fibers.
19. Container according to any one of the claims 1 to 18, wherein said outer limit (21, 31) comprises at least one opening for supplying said solution and at least one opening for draining off said solution.
20. Container arrangement comprising at least two, preferably 6, 12, 24, 48, 96 or more, containers (20, 30) according to any one of the claims 1 to 18 being joined to build one unit.
21. Method for production of containers or container arrangements according to any one of the claims 1 to 20, wherein said container (20, 30) or said container arrangement is produced by two-component injection moulding, wherein at first the outer limit (21, 31) is injection-moulded leaving one recessed window and the conductive synthetic material being made of doped plastic is subsequently injection-moulded into said at feast one window, or wherein at first said at least one electrode (25, 26, 33, 34) is injection-moulded of said doped plastic material and said outer limit (21, 31) is subsequently injection-moulded around said at least one electrode (25, 26, 33, 34).
22. Method for treatment of cells, derivatives of cells, subcellular particles and/or vesicles by means of electric current, in particular for electroporation or electrofusion, comprising:
a) Transferring said cells, derivatives of cells, subcellular particles and/or vesicles into an inner chamber (22, 32) of at least one container (20, 30) according to any one of the claims 1 to 19 or at least one container of a container arrangement according to claim 20, wherein said container (20, 30) comprises at least one electrode (25, 26, 33, 34) being made of a doped synthetic material, and at least one further electrode (25, 26, 33, 34), and b) Applying voltage to said electrodes (25, 26, 33, 34) and generating a current flow in said inner chamber (22, 32) of said container (20, 30).
a) Transferring said cells, derivatives of cells, subcellular particles and/or vesicles into an inner chamber (22, 32) of at least one container (20, 30) according to any one of the claims 1 to 19 or at least one container of a container arrangement according to claim 20, wherein said container (20, 30) comprises at least one electrode (25, 26, 33, 34) being made of a doped synthetic material, and at least one further electrode (25, 26, 33, 34), and b) Applying voltage to said electrodes (25, 26, 33, 34) and generating a current flow in said inner chamber (22, 32) of said container (20, 30).
23. Method according to claim 22, wherein said electric current reaches a current density up to 120 A/cm2, preferably 80 A/cm2.
24. Method according to claim 22 or 23, wherein biologically active molecules, in particular nucleic acids, are solved in said solution, and transfer of said biologically active molecules into living cells is achieved by means of a voltage pulse having a field strength of 2 to 10 kV*cm-' and a duration of to 200 µs.
25. Method according to claim 24, wherein said transfer of said biologically active molecules into said cells is achieved by a current flow following said voltage pulse without interruption, having a current density of 2 to 14 A*cm-2, preferably 5 A*cm-2, and a duration of 1 to 100 ms, preferably 50 ms.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10208188A DE10208188B4 (en) | 2002-02-20 | 2002-02-20 | Container with at least one electrode |
| DE10208188.3 | 2002-02-20 | ||
| PCT/DE2003/000536 WO2003070875A2 (en) | 2002-02-20 | 2003-02-20 | Container with at least one electrode |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2476439A1 true CA2476439A1 (en) | 2003-08-28 |
| CA2476439C CA2476439C (en) | 2010-04-20 |
Family
ID=27674978
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2476439A Expired - Lifetime CA2476439C (en) | 2002-02-20 | 2003-02-20 | Container with at least one electrode |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7678564B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1476537B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP4369241B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100852288B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1312275C (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE299528T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2003227006B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2476439C (en) |
| DE (2) | DE10208188B4 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL163656A0 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2003070875A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10330674B4 (en) * | 2003-07-08 | 2007-01-11 | Eppendorf Ag | Cell treatment chamber |
| DE50303219D1 (en) * | 2003-10-24 | 2006-06-08 | Amaxa Gmbh | Process for the preparation of an electrically contactable region on a doped polymer and moldings producible by the process |
| US6897069B1 (en) * | 2004-06-08 | 2005-05-24 | Ambion, Inc. | System and method for electroporating a sample |
| CN103060191B (en) | 2004-06-12 | 2015-03-11 | 英杰生命新加坡私人有限公司 | Electroporator system |
| US7850645B2 (en) | 2005-02-11 | 2010-12-14 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Internal medical devices for delivery of therapeutic agent in conjunction with a source of electrical power |
| US8101169B2 (en) * | 2005-02-23 | 2012-01-24 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Ocular gene therapy using avalanche-mediated transfection |
| US7923251B2 (en) * | 2005-02-23 | 2011-04-12 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Method and apparatus for avalanche-mediated transfer of agents into cells |
| US7704743B2 (en) * | 2005-03-30 | 2010-04-27 | Georgia Tech Research Corporation | Electrosonic cell manipulation device and method of use thereof |
| WO2007059112A2 (en) * | 2005-11-15 | 2007-05-24 | Credant Technologies, Inc. | Secure, transparent and continuous synchronization of access credentials in an arbitrary third party system |
| EP2113565A4 (en) * | 2007-02-19 | 2010-08-18 | Univ Kyoto | Conductive substrate for nucleic acid delivery and method for delivering nucleic acid |
| US8043838B2 (en) * | 2008-02-20 | 2011-10-25 | Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. | Electroporation cuvette with spatially variable electric field |
| KR101084528B1 (en) | 2008-04-15 | 2011-11-18 | 인비트로겐 싱가포르 피티이. 엘티디. | Pipette tip for electroporation device |
| DE102008039757A1 (en) * | 2008-08-20 | 2010-02-25 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Actuator element and its use |
| DE102009049783A1 (en) | 2009-10-19 | 2011-04-21 | Eppendorf Ag | Electrically conductive pipette tip |
| WO2012098260A1 (en) | 2011-01-21 | 2012-07-26 | Axiogenesis Ag | A non-viral system for the generation of induced pluripotent stem (ips) cells |
| US9382510B2 (en) | 2011-08-25 | 2016-07-05 | Jian Chen | Methods and devices for electroporation |
| EP3164482A1 (en) | 2014-07-03 | 2017-05-10 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | Microfluidic assay for rapid optimization of cell electroporation |
| CN109679844B (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2023-08-22 | 苏州壹达生物科技有限公司 | Flow electroporation device |
| CN112041425B (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2024-04-16 | 离子通道与转运研究公司 | Method for measuring intracellular potential by capacitive potential measuring device |
| CN110448293A (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2019-11-15 | 苏州米特希赛尔人工智能有限公司 | A kind of dry electrode of Electrocardiography |
Family Cites Families (24)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4761541A (en) * | 1984-01-23 | 1988-08-02 | Raychem Corporation | Devices comprising conductive polymer compositions |
| DE3423605A1 (en) * | 1984-06-27 | 1986-01-09 | W.C. Heraeus Gmbh, 6450 Hanau | COMPOSITE ELECTRODE, METHOD FOR THEIR PRODUCTION AND THEIR USE |
| US5128257A (en) * | 1987-08-31 | 1992-07-07 | Baer Bradford W | Electroporation apparatus and process |
| US5183744A (en) * | 1988-10-26 | 1993-02-02 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Cell handling method for cell fusion processor |
| US6001617A (en) * | 1989-06-07 | 1999-12-14 | Queen's University At Kingston | Electroporation device and method of use |
| EP0402554B1 (en) | 1989-06-12 | 1993-11-18 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Method of conditioning of organic polymeric electrodes |
| FR2661280A1 (en) * | 1990-04-20 | 1991-10-25 | Conservatoire Nal Arts Metiers | Improved electrode based on a conductive polymer and process for its preparation, and secondary electrochemical generator endowed with at least one such electrode |
| EP0563281B1 (en) | 1990-12-20 | 1998-08-05 | Monsanto Company | Method for processing electrically conductive polyanilines in lewis-base solvents |
| WO1992022911A1 (en) * | 1991-06-12 | 1992-12-23 | Uniax Corporation | Processible forms of electrically conductive polyaniline and conductive products formed therefrom |
| US5545130A (en) * | 1992-04-08 | 1996-08-13 | Genetronics, Inc. | Flow through electroporation method |
| JP3118103B2 (en) | 1992-12-21 | 2000-12-18 | 矢崎総業株式会社 | Conductive member for electric circuit, electric circuit body and method of manufacturing the same |
| US6090617A (en) * | 1996-12-05 | 2000-07-18 | Entremed, Inc. | Flow electroporation chamber with electrodes having a crystalline metal nitride coating |
| JPH11103858A (en) | 1997-10-01 | 1999-04-20 | Tr Tec Kk | Dna transfer by electroporation |
| DE19826153C2 (en) * | 1998-06-12 | 2002-11-07 | November Ag Molekulare Medizin | Method and device for the detection of a nucleotide sequence possibly contained in a sample |
| US6040184A (en) | 1998-10-09 | 2000-03-21 | Stratagene | Method for more efficient electroporation |
| AT409798B (en) * | 1998-11-19 | 2002-11-25 | Hoffmann La Roche | ELECTRODE SYSTEM |
| DE19942347B4 (en) * | 1999-09-04 | 2004-07-22 | Dechema Gesellschaft Für Chemische Technik Und Biotechnologie E.V. | Electrochemically regenerable ion exchanger |
| JP3479618B2 (en) * | 1999-10-14 | 2003-12-15 | Ｎｅｃトーキン株式会社 | Electrode molded body, method for producing the same, and secondary battery using the same |
| EP1283867A1 (en) * | 2000-03-21 | 2003-02-19 | Skwarczuk, Vanda | Method and apparatus for electroporation of cells using electrical pulses of long duration |
| JP2002025340A (en) * | 2000-07-04 | 2002-01-25 | Nisshinbo Ind Inc | Conductive resin component, fuel cell separator and manufacturing method of the same, and solid polymer fuel cell |
| US6686193B2 (en) * | 2000-07-10 | 2004-02-03 | Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | High throughput method and system for screening candidate compounds for activity against target ion channels |
| JP2003092149A (en) * | 2000-09-28 | 2003-03-28 | Sii Micro Parts Ltd | Nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery and its manufacturing method |
| US7101703B2 (en) * | 2001-03-09 | 2006-09-05 | Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. | Electrofusion microelectrode |
| DE10116211A1 (en) * | 2001-03-27 | 2002-10-10 | Eppendorf Ag | Chamber for the treatment of cells contained in a suspension in an electrical field |
-
2002
- 2002-02-20 DE DE10208188A patent/DE10208188B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-02-20 AT AT03742495T patent/ATE299528T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-02-20 DE DE50300761T patent/DE50300761D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-20 IL IL16365603A patent/IL163656A0/en unknown
- 2003-02-20 CA CA2476439A patent/CA2476439C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-20 KR KR1020047012997A patent/KR100852288B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2003-02-20 CN CNB038058111A patent/CN1312275C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-20 AU AU2003227006A patent/AU2003227006B2/en not_active Expired
- 2003-02-20 EP EP03742495A patent/EP1476537B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-20 JP JP2003569768A patent/JP4369241B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-20 US US10/505,149 patent/US7678564B2/en active Active
- 2003-02-20 WO PCT/DE2003/000536 patent/WO2003070875A2/en active IP Right Grant
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1476537A2 (en) | 2004-11-17 |
| AU2003227006B2 (en) | 2007-07-26 |
| JP4369241B2 (en) | 2009-11-18 |
| KR100852288B1 (en) | 2008-08-14 |
| IL163656A0 (en) | 2005-12-18 |
| CN1643132A (en) | 2005-07-20 |
| ATE299528T1 (en) | 2005-07-15 |
| KR20040085211A (en) | 2004-10-07 |
| DE10208188B4 (en) | 2006-05-24 |
| WO2003070875A3 (en) | 2004-01-08 |
| EP1476537B1 (en) | 2005-07-13 |
| WO2003070875B1 (en) | 2004-03-25 |
| CA2476439C (en) | 2010-04-20 |
| US20050064578A1 (en) | 2005-03-24 |
| US7678564B2 (en) | 2010-03-16 |
| CN1312275C (en) | 2007-04-25 |
| AU2003227006A1 (en) | 2003-09-09 |
| WO2003070875A2 (en) | 2003-08-28 |
| AU2003227006B8 (en) | 2003-09-09 |
| JP2005526499A (en) | 2005-09-08 |
| DE50300761D1 (en) | 2005-08-18 |
| DE10208188A1 (en) | 2003-09-04 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |
Effective date: 20230220 |