CA2475224A1 - Zinc salt compositions for the prevention of mucosal irritation from spermicides and microbicides - Google Patents

Zinc salt compositions for the prevention of mucosal irritation from spermicides and microbicides Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2475224A1
CA2475224A1 CA002475224A CA2475224A CA2475224A1 CA 2475224 A1 CA2475224 A1 CA 2475224A1 CA 002475224 A CA002475224 A CA 002475224A CA 2475224 A CA2475224 A CA 2475224A CA 2475224 A1 CA2475224 A1 CA 2475224A1
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Prior art keywords
zinc
weight
irritant composition
group
irritant
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Granted
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CA002475224A
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French (fr)
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CA2475224C (en
Inventor
Shanta M. Modak
Trupti Gaonkar
Lauser Caraos
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Columbia University of New York
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Individual
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/19—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
    • A61K8/27—Zinc; Compounds thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
    • A61K8/36—Carboxylic acids; Salts or anhydrides thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
    • A61K8/36—Carboxylic acids; Salts or anhydrides thereof
    • A61K8/365—Hydroxycarboxylic acids; Ketocarboxylic acids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P15/00—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives
    • A61P15/02—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives for disorders of the vagina
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P15/00—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives
    • A61P15/16—Masculine contraceptives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
    • A61P17/04—Antipruritics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
    • A61P17/06—Antipsoriatics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
    • A61P17/16—Emollients or protectives, e.g. against radiation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/02—Local antiseptics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12—Antivirals
    • A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
    • A61P31/18—Antivirals for RNA viruses for HIV
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P39/00—General protective or antinoxious agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
    • A61K2800/74—Biological properties of particular ingredients
    • A61K2800/75—Anti-irritant

Abstract

The addition of low concentrations of combinations of water-soluble organic salts of zinc to gels, creams, lotions or ointments can increase the ability of these products to reduce or prevent exogenous irritants from causing irritation of the underlying substrate. The addition of low concentrations o f combinations of water-soluble organic zinc salts to these gels, creams, lotions or ointments also can reduce the irritation of skin or mucous membranes caused by the addition of potentially-irritating substances such a s spermicides, microbicides, fungicides or other therapeutic agents to the gel , cream, lotion or ointment. The advantages of this anti-irritant approach ove r others, which generally employ high concentrations of single zinc salts, are the reduced potential for zinc toxicity, the reduced potential for toxicity related to zinc itself, and the preservation of the desirable biological properties of potentially-irritating therapeutic substances added to the gel , cream, lotion or ointment.

Claims (67)

1. An anti-irritant composition comprising two or more water-soluble, organic salts of zinc, wherein said water-soluble, organic salts of zinc are present in said anti-irritant composition at concentrations between 0.1% and 2%
(weight/weight), and further comprising water, alcohol, and one or more agent selected from the group consisting of a gelling agent, a thickening agent, a hydrophilic or hydrophobic polymer, an emulsifying agent, and an emollient.
2. The anti-irritant composition of Claim 1, wherein the water-soluble, organic zinc salts are selected from the group consisting of zinc acetate, zinc butyrate, zinc citrate, zinc gluconate, zinc glycerate, zinc glycolate, zinc formate, zinc lactate, zinc picolinate, zinc proprionate, zinc salicylate, zinc tartrate and zinc undecylenate.
3. The anti-irritant composition of Claim 1, wherein the concentration of water is between 10% and 50% (weight/weight).
4. The anti-irritant composition of Claim 1, wherein the concentration of alcohol is between 30% and 90% (weight/weight).
5. The anti-irritant composition of Claim 1, wherein the concentration of the emollient is between 0.3% and 1.0% (weight/weight).
6. The anti-irritant composition of Claim 1, wherein the emollient is selected from the group consisting of one or more than one of PEG 20 almond glycerides, Probutyl DB-10, Glucam P-20, Glucam E-10, Glucam P-10, Glucam E-20, Glucam P-20 distearate, glycerin, propylene glycol, cetyl acetate, acetylated lanolin alcohol, cetyl ether, myristyril ether, hydroxylated milk glycerides, polyquaternium compounds, copolymers of dimethyl dialyl ammonium chloride and acrylic acid, dipropylene glycol methyl ethers, polypropylene glycol ethers, silicon polymers, petrolatum, mineral oil, lanolin, olive oil, cocoa butter, shea butter, cetyl lactate, lauryl lactate, isopropyl lanolate, 2-ethylhexyl salicylate, cetyl myristate, oleyl myristate, oleyl stearate, oleyl oleate, hexyl laurate, isohexyl laurate.
7. The anti-irritant composition of Claim 1, wherein the concentration of the gelling or thickening agent is between 0.05% and 10.0% (weight/weight).
8. The anti-irritant composition of Claim 7, wherein the gelling and/or thickening agent is selected from the group consisting of one or more than one of cationic hydroxy ethyl cellulose, crothix, crodomol, zinc stearate, and behenyl alcohol.
9. The anti-irritant composition of Claim 1 which further comprises between 0.1% and 1.0% (weight/weight) silicone polymer.
10. The anti-irritant composition of Claim 9, wherein the silicone polymer is selected from a group consisting of one or more than one of polydimethylsiloxane polymer, dimethiconol fluid in dimethicone, cyclomethicone and dimethicone copolyl, and silicone glycol.
11. The anti-irritant composition of Claim 1 which further comprises an anti-microbial agent at a concentration of between 0.05% and 4% (weight/weight).
12. The anti-irritant composition of Claim 11, wherein the antimicrobial compound is selected from the group consisting of one or more than one of chlorhexidine gluconate, benzalkonium chloride, iodopropynylbutyl carbamate, phenoxyethanol, polymyxin B, neomycin, triclosan, parachlorometaxylene, incroquat and octoxyglycerin.
13. The anti-irritant composition of Claim 1 which further comprises a stabilizing agent at a concentration of between 0.1% and 1.0% (weight/weight).
14. The anti-irritant composition of Claim 13, wherein the stabilizing agent is selected from the group consisting of one or more than one of antioxidants and surfactants.
15. The anti-irritant composition of Claim 14, wherein the antioxidant is selected from the group consisting of Vitamin C and Vitamin E.
16. The anti-irritant composition of Claim 14, wherein the surfactant is selected from the group consisting of incromide or a silicone-based surfactant.
17. An anti-irritant composition which is a cream comprising two or more water-soluble, organic salts of zinc, wherein said water-soluble, organic salts of zinc axe present in said anti-irritant composition at concentrations between 0.1%
and 2%
(weight/weight), and further comprising water and one or more agent selected from the group consisting of a gelling agent, a thickening agent, a hydrophilic or hydrophobic polymer, an emulsifying agent, and an emollient.
18. The anti-irritant composition of Claim 17, wherein the water-soluble, organic zinc salts are selected from the group consisting of zinc acetate, zinc butyrate, zinc citrate, zinc gluconate, zinc glycerate, zinc glycolate, zinc formate, zinc lactate, zinc picolinate, zinc proprionate, zinc salicylate, zinc tartrate and zinc undecylenate.
19. The anti-irritant composition of Claim 17, wherein the concentration of water is between 10% and 50% (weight/weight).
20. The anti-irritant composition of Claim 17, further comprising one or more alcohol.
21. The anti-irritant composition of Claim 17, wherein the emollient is selected from the group consisting of one or more than one of PEG 20 almond glycerides, Probutyl DB-10, Glucam P-20, Glucam E-10, Glucam P-10, Glucam E-20, Glucam P-20 distearate, glycerin, propylene glycol, cetyl acetate, acetylated lanolin alcohol, cetyl ether, myristyril ether, hydroxylated milk glycerides, polyquaternium compounds, copolymers of dimethyl dialyl ammonium chloride and acrylic acid, dipropylene glycol methyl ethers, polypropylene glycol ethers, silicon polymers, petrolatum, mineral oil, lanolin, olive oil, cocoa butter, shea butter, cetyl lactate, lauryl lactate, isopropyl lanolate, 2-ethylhexyl salicylate, cetyl myristate, oleyl myristate, oleyl stearate, oleyl oleate, hexyl laurate, isohexyl laurate.
22. The anti-irritant composition of Claim 17, wherein the concentration of the gelling or thickening agent is between 0.05% and 10.0% (weight/weight).
23. The anti-irritant composition of Claim 22, wherein the gelling and/or thickening agent is selected from the group consisting of one or more than one of cationic hydroxy ethyl cellulose, crothix, crodomol, zinc stearate, and behenyl alcohol.
24. The anti-irritant composition of Claim 17 which further comprises between 0.1% and 1.0% (weight/weight) silicone polymer.
25. The anti-irritant composition of Claim 24, wherein the silicone polymer is selected from a group consisting of one or more than one of polydimethylsiloxane polymer, dimethiconol fluid in dimethicone, cyclomethicone and dimethicone copolyl, and silicone glycol.
26. The anti-irritant composition of Claim 17 which further comprises an anti-microbial agent at a concentration of between 0.05% and 4% (weight/weight).
27. The anti-irritant composition of Claim 26, wherein the antimicrobial agent is selected from the group consisting of one or more than one of chlorhexidine gluconate, benzalkonium chloride, iodopropynylbutyl carbamate, phenoxyethanol, polymyxin B, neomycin, triclosan, parachlorometaxylene, incroquat and octoxyglycerin.
28. The anti-irritant composition of Claim 17 which further comprises a stabilizing agent at a concentration of between 0.1% and 1.0% (weight/weight).
29. The anti-irritant composition of Claim 28, wherein the stabilizing agent is selected from the group consisting of one or more than one of antioxidants and surfactants.
30. The anti-irritant composition of Claim 29, wherein the antioxidant is selected from the group consisting of Vitamin C and Vitamin E.
31. The anti-irritant composition of Claim 29, wherein the surfactant is selected from the group consisting of incromide or a silicone-based surfactant.
32. An anti-irritant composition which is a lotion comprising two or more water-soluble, organic salts of zinc, wherein said water-soluble, organic salts of zinc are present in said anti-irritant composition at concentrations between 0.1%
and 2%
(weight/weight), and further comprising water and one or more agent selected from the group consisting of a gelling agent, a thickening agent, a hydrophilic or hydrophobic polymer, an emulsifying agent, and an emollient.
33. The anti-irritant composition of Claim 32, wherein the water-soluble, organic zinc salts are selected from the group consisting of zinc acetate, zinc butyrate, zinc citrate, zinc gluconate, zinc glycerate, zinc glycolate, zinc formate, zinc lactate, zinc picolinate, zinc proprionate, zinc salicylate, zinc tartrate and zinc undecylenate.
34. The anti-irritant composition of Claim 32, wherein the concentration of water is between 60% and 80% (weight/weight).
35. The anti-irritant composition of Claim 32, further comprising one or more alcohol.
36. The anti-irritant composition of Claim 35, wherein the emollient is selected from the group consisting of one or more than one of PEG 20 almond glycerides, Probutyl DB-10, Glucam P-20, Glucam E-10, Glucam P-10, Glucam E-20, Glucam P-20 distearate, glycerin, propylene glycol, cetyl acetate, acetylated lanolin alcohol, cetyl ether, myristyril ether, hydroxylated milk glycerides, polyquaternium compounds, copolymers of dimethyl dialyl ammonium chloride and acrylic acid, dipropylene glycol methyl ethers, polypropylene glycol ethers, silicon polymers, petrolatum, mineral oil, lanolin, olive oil, cocoa butter, shea butter, cetyl lactate, lauryl lactate, isopropyl lanolate, 2-ethylhexyl salicylate, cetyl myristate, oleyl myristate, oleyl stearate, oleyl oleate, hexyl laurate, isohexyl laurate.
37. The anti-irritant composition of Claim 32, wherein the concentration of the gelling or thickening agent is between 0.05% and 10.0% (weight/weight).
38. The anti-irritant composition of Claim 37, wherein the gelling agent or thickening agent is selected from the group consisting of one or more than one of cationic hydroxy ethyl cellulose, crothix, crodomol, zinc stearate, and behenyl alcohol.
39. The anti-irritant composition of Claim 32 which further comprises between 0.1% and 1.0% (weight/weight) silicone polymer.
40. The anti-irritant composition of Claim 39, wherein the silicone polymer is selected from a group consisting of one or more than one of polydimethylsiloxane polymer, dimethiconol fluid in dimethicone, cyclomethicone and dimethicone copolyl, and silicone glycol.
41. The anti-irritant composition of Claim 32 which further comprises an anti-microbial agent at a concentration of between 0.05% and 4% (weight/weight).
42. The anti-irritant composition of Claim 41, wherein the antimicrobial compound is selected from the group consisting of one or more than one of chlorhexidine gluconate, benzalkonium chloride, iodopropynylbutyl carbamate, phenoxyethanol, polymyxin B, neomycin, triclosan, parachlorometaxylene, incroquat and octoxyglycerin.
43. The anti-irritant composition of Claim 32 which further comprises a stabilizing agent at a concentration of between 0.1% and 1.0% (weight/weight).
44. The anti-irritant composition of Claim 43, wherein the stabilizing agent is selected from the group consisting of one or more than one of antioxidants and surfactants.
45. The anti-irritant composition of Claim 44, wherein the antioxidant is selected from the group consisting of Vitamin C and Vitamin E.
46. The anti-irritant composition of Claim 44, wherein the surfactant is selected from the group consisting of incromide or a silicone-based surfactant.
47. An anti-irritant composition which is a lubricant formulation comprising two or more water-soluble, organic salts of zinc, wherein said water-soluble, organic salts of zinc are present in said anti-irritant composition at concentrations between 0.1% and 2% (weight/weight), and further comprising water and one or more agent selected from the group consisting of a gelling agent, a thickening agent, a hydrophilic or hydrophobic polymer, an emulsifying agent, and an emollient.
48. The anti-irritant composition of Claim 47, wherein the water-soluble, organic zinc salts are selected from the group consisting of zinc acetate, zinc butyrate, zinc citrate, zinc gluconate, zinc glycerate, zinc glycolate, zinc formate, zinc lactate, zinc picolinate, zinc proprionate, zinc salicylate, zinc tartrate and zinc undecylenate.
49. The anti-irritant composition of Claim 47, wherein the concentration of water is between 60% and 80% (weight/weight).
50. The anti-irritant composition of Claim 47, further comprising one or more alcohol.
51. The anti-irritant composition of Claim 50, wherein the emollient is selected from the group consisting of one or more than one of PEG 20 almond glycerides, Probutyl DB-10, Glucam P-20, Glucam E-10, Glucam P-10, Glucam E-20, Glucam P-20 distearate, glycerin, propylene glycol, cetyl acetate, acetylated lanolin alcohol, cetyl ether, myristyril ether, hydroxylated milk glycerides, polyquaternium compounds, copolymers of dimethyl dialyl ammonium chloride and acrylic acid, dipropylene glycol methyl ethers, polypropylene glycol ethers, silicon polymers, petrolatum, mineral oil, lanolin, olive oil, cocoa butter, shea butter, cetyl lactate, lauryl lactate, isopropyl lanolate, 2-ethylhexyl salicylate, cetyl myristate, oleyl myristate, oleyl stearate, oleyl oleate, hexyl laurate, isohexyl laurate.
52. The anti-irritant composition of Claim 47, wherein the concentration of the gelling or thickening agent is between 0.05% and 10.0% (weight/weight).
53. The anti-irritant composition of Claim 52, wherein the gelling and/or thickening agent is selected from the group consisting of one or more than one of cationic hydroxy ethyl cellulose, crothix, crodomol, zinc stearate, and behenyl alcohol.
54. The anti-irritant composition of Claim 47 which further comprises between 0.1% and 1.0% (weight/weight) silicone polymer.
55. The anti-irritant composition of Claim 54, wherein the silicone polymer is selected from a group consisting of one or more than one of polydimethylsiloxane polymer, dimethiconol fluid in dimethicone, cyclomethicone and dimethicone copolyl, and silicone glycol.
56. The anti-irritant composition of Claim 47 which further comprises an anti-microbial agent at a concentration of between 0.05% and 4% (weight/weight).
57. The anti-irritant composition of Claim 56, wherein the antimicrobial compound is selected from the group consisting of one or more than one of chlorhexidine gluconate, benzalkonium chloride, iodopropynylbutyl carbamate, phenoxyethanol, polymyxin B, neomycin, triclosan, parachlorometaxylene, incroquat and octoxyglycerin.
58. The anti-irritant composition of Claim 47 which further comprises a stabilizing agent at a concentration of between 0.1% and 1.0% (weight/weight).
59. The anti-irritant composition of Claim 59, wherein the stabilizing agent is selected from the group consisting of one or more than one of antioxidants and surfactants.
60. The anti-irritant composition of Claim 59, wherein the antioxidant is selected from the group consisting of Vitamin C and Vitamin E.
61. The anti-irritant composition of Claim 59, wherein the surfactant is selected from the group consisting of incromide or a silicone-based surfactant.
62. A method for decreasing irritation of the skin or mucous membranes of a subject comprising applying a therapeutically effective amount of an anti-irritant composition of Claim 1, 17, 32 or 47 to at least a portion of the skin or mucous membranes of the subject.
63. The method of Claim 62, wherein the anti-irritant composition is applied prior to exposure to an irritant.
64. The method of Claim 62, wherein the anti-irritant composition is applied during exposure to an irritant.
65. The method of Claim 62, wherein the anti-irritant composition is applied after exposure to an irritant.
66. The method of Claim 62, wherein the anti-irritant composition further comprises an irritant.
67. The anti-irritant composition of claim 17, 32 or 47 comprising between 10% and 40% (weight/weight) of an emollient.
CA2475224A 2002-02-07 2003-02-07 Zinc salt compositions for the prevention of mucosal irritation from spermicides and microbicides Expired - Fee Related CA2475224C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US35554902P 2002-02-07 2002-02-07
US60/355,549 2002-02-07
PCT/US2003/003896 WO2003066001A2 (en) 2002-02-07 2003-02-07 Zinc salt compositions for the prevention of mucosal irritation from spermicides and microbicides

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2475224A1 true CA2475224A1 (en) 2003-08-14
CA2475224C CA2475224C (en) 2011-11-01

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US (2) US7951840B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1480517A4 (en)
JP (1) JP4651944B2 (en)
AU (1) AU2003216213B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2475224C (en)
WO (1) WO2003066001A2 (en)

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AU2003216213B2 (en) 2008-10-02
WO2003066001A3 (en) 2003-11-13
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USRE45435E1 (en) 2015-03-24
JP4651944B2 (en) 2011-03-16
EP1480517A4 (en) 2007-08-22
AU2003216213A1 (en) 2003-09-02
CA2475224C (en) 2011-11-01
US7951840B2 (en) 2011-05-31
EP1480517A2 (en) 2004-12-01
JP2005524634A (en) 2005-08-18

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