CA2475186A1 - Method and apparatus for windowing in entropy encoding - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for windowing in entropy encoding Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2475186A1
CA2475186A1 CA002475186A CA2475186A CA2475186A1 CA 2475186 A1 CA2475186 A1 CA 2475186A1 CA 002475186 A CA002475186 A CA 002475186A CA 2475186 A CA2475186 A CA 2475186A CA 2475186 A1 CA2475186 A1 CA 2475186A1
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Prior art keywords
gamma
partition
length
data segment
pair
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Granted
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CA002475186A
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French (fr)
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CA2475186C (en
Inventor
Kiem-Phong Vo
Binh Dao Vo
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AT&T Corp
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At&T Corp.
Kiem-Phong Vo
Binh Dao Vo
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Priority to CA002686618A priority Critical patent/CA2686618A1/en
Publication of CA2475186A1 publication Critical patent/CA2475186A1/en
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Publication of CA2475186C publication Critical patent/CA2475186C/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
    • H03M7/00—Conversion of a code where information is represented by a given sequence or number of digits to a code where the same, similar or subset of information is represented by a different sequence or number of digits
    • H03M7/30—Compression; Expansion; Suppression of unnecessary data, e.g. redundancy reduction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S707/00—Data processing: database and file management or data structures
    • Y10S707/99931—Database or file accessing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S707/00—Data processing: database and file management or data structures
    • Y10S707/99931—Database or file accessing
    • Y10S707/99933—Query processing, i.e. searching
    • Y10S707/99935—Query augmenting and refining, e.g. inexact access
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S707/00—Data processing: database and file management or data structures
    • Y10S707/99931—Database or file accessing
    • Y10S707/99933—Query processing, i.e. searching
    • Y10S707/99936—Pattern matching access
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S707/00—Data processing: database and file management or data structures
    • Y10S707/99941—Database schema or data structure
    • Y10S707/99942—Manipulating data structure, e.g. compression, compaction, compilation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S707/00—Data processing: database and file management or data structures
    • Y10S707/99941—Database schema or data structure
    • Y10S707/99943—Generating database or data structure, e.g. via user interface
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S707/00—Data processing: database and file management or data structures
    • Y10S707/99941—Database schema or data structure
    • Y10S707/99944—Object-oriented database structure
    • Y10S707/99945—Object-oriented database structure processing

Abstract

The present invention provides efficient window partitioning algorithms for entropy-encoding. The present invention enhances compression performance of entropy encoding based on the approach of modeling a dataset with the frequencies of its n-grams. The present invention may then employ approximation algorithms to compute good partitions in time O(s*log s) and O(s) respectively, for any data segment S with length s.

Claims (20)

1. A method for partitioning a given data segment, P, with length p into smaller segments, P i, that can be compressed separately, said method comprising the step of:
dividing said data segment, P into a plurality of 2-partition pairs .pi. where both partitions within each pair having a predefined length of at least µ(P);
estimating the compressed length of each partition within each pair; and selecting one of said 2-partition pairs .pi. for partitioning said data segment, P, such that .GAMMA.(.pi.) < .GAMMA.(P), where .GAMMA.(.pi.) represents a compressed length of said partition and .GAMMA.(P) represents a compressed length of said data segment, P.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein if more than one 2-partition pair .pi. is determined to satisfy .GAMMA.(.pi.) < .GAMMA.(P), then said dividing step, said estimating step and said selecting step is recursively applied to each partition of said more than one 2-partition pair .pi..
3. The method of claim 1, wherein said the compressed length of said data segment is estimated using the function of:
where F P[i) is a corresponding array of frequencies for a byte i and .tau. is an estimate for the length of a table of codes or frequencies that a static Huffman or arithmetic compressor needs to decode data.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein said method has a computation complexity O(plog p).
5. The method of claim 7 , where .GAMMA.(.pi.) = and µ(P)=max(p/5, .epsilon.) and .epsilon. is an arbitrary parameter.
6. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
picking any one of said .pi. arbitrarily when more than one instance of said .pi. is found.
7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
ordering all 2-partition pairs by the length of their left parts, for all 2-partitions of P with parts having minimum length of µ(P), where µ(P)=max(p/5, .epsilon.) and .epsilon. is an arbitrary parameter; and finding the first .pi.i such that .GAMMA.(.pi.i) < .GAMMA.(P) and .GAMMA.(.pi.i=+1) > .GAMMA.(.pi.i).
8. The method of claim 7, wherein said finding step comprises:
when said .pi.i is found, then recursively applying a right partition associated with said .pi.i.
9. A computer-readable medium having stored thereon a plurality of instructions, the plurality of instructions including instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the steps of a method for partitioning a given data segment, P, with length p into smaller segments, P i, that can be compressed separately, comprising of:
dividing said data segment, P into a plurality of 2-partition pairs .pi. where both partitions within each pair having a predefined length of at least µ(P);
estimating the compressed length of each partition within each pair; and selecting one of said 2-partition pairs .pi. for partitioning said data segment, P, such that .GAMMA.(.pi.) < .GAMMA.(P), where .GAMMA.(.pi.) represents a compressed length of said partition and .GAMMA.(P) represents a compressed length of said data segment, P.
10. The computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein if more than one 2-partition pair .pi. is determined to satisfy .GAMMA.(.pi.) < .GAMMA.(P), then said dividing step, said estimating step and said selecting step is recursively applied to each partition of said more than one 2-partition pair .pi..
11. The computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein said the compressed length of said data segment is estimated using the function of:
where F P[i] is a corresponding array of frequencies for a byte i and .tau.is an estimate for the length of a table of codes or frequencies that a static Huffman or arithmetic compressor needs to decode data.
12. The computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein said method has a computation complexity O(plog p).
13. The computer-readable medium of claim 9, where .GAMMA.(.pi.) = and µ(P)=max(p/5, .epsilon.) and .epsilon. is an arbitrary parameter.
14. The computer-readable medium of claim 10, further comprising:
picking any one of said .pi. arbitrarily when more than one instance of said .pi. is found.
15. The computer-readable medium of claim 9, further comprising:
ordering all 2-partition pairs by the length of their left parts, for all 2-partitions of P with parts having minimum length of µ(P), where µ(P)=max(p/5, .epsilon.) and .epsilon. is an arbitrary parameter; and finding the first .pi.i such that .GAMMA.(.pi.i) < .GAMMA.(P) and .GAMMA.(.pi.i+1) > .GAMMA.(.pi.i).
16. The computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein said finding step comprises:
when said .pi.i is found, then recursively applying a right partition associated with said .pi.i.
17. An apparatus for partitioning a given data segment, P, with length p into smaller segments, P i, that can be compressed separately, comprising:
means for dividing said data segment, P into a plurality of 2-partition pairs .pi. where both partitions within each pair having a predefined length of at least µ(P);
means for estimating the compressed length of each partition within each pair;
and means for selecting one of said 2-partition pairs .pi. for partitioning said data segment, P, such that .GAMMA.(.pi.) < .GAMMA.(P), where .GAMMA.(.pi.) represents a compressed length of said partition and .GAMMA.(P) represents a compressed length of said data segment; P.
18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein if more than one 2-partition pair .pi.
is determined to satisfy .GAMMA.(.pi.) < .GAMMA.(P), then said dividing step, said estimating step and said selecting step is recursively applied to each partition of said more than one 2-partition pair .pi..
19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein said the compressed length of said data segment is estimated using the function of:
where F P[i) is a corresponding array of frequencies for a byte i and .tau. is an estimate for the length of a table of codes or frequencies that a static Huffman or arithmetic compressor needs to decode data.
20. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein said method has a computation complexity O(plog p).
CA002475186A 2003-07-17 2004-07-19 Method and apparatus for windowing in entropy encoding Expired - Fee Related CA2475186C (en)

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US48799203P 2003-07-17 2003-07-17
US60/487,992 2003-07-17

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CA002475189A Expired - Fee Related CA2475189C (en) 2003-07-17 2004-07-19 Method and apparatus for window matching in delta compressors

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US20050055367A1 (en) 2005-03-10
US20050044294A1 (en) 2005-02-24
US7925639B2 (en) 2011-04-12
US8200680B2 (en) 2012-06-12
CA2686618A1 (en) 2005-01-17
US20080040375A1 (en) 2008-02-14
US7296030B2 (en) 2007-11-13
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