CA2463293A1 - Systems and methods for communicating with implantable devices - Google Patents
Systems and methods for communicating with implantable devices Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2463293A1 CA2463293A1 CA002463293A CA2463293A CA2463293A1 CA 2463293 A1 CA2463293 A1 CA 2463293A1 CA 002463293 A CA002463293 A CA 002463293A CA 2463293 A CA2463293 A CA 2463293A CA 2463293 A1 CA2463293 A1 CA 2463293A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- acoustic
- implant
- patient
- controller
- energy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
- A61N1/372—Arrangements in connection with the implantation of stimulators
- A61N1/37211—Means for communicating with stimulators
- A61N1/37217—Means for communicating with stimulators characterised by the communication link, e.g. acoustic or tactile
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/0002—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network
- A61B5/0031—Implanted circuitry
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/021—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels
- A61B5/0215—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels by means inserted into the body
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/07—Endoradiosondes
- A61B5/076—Permanent implantations
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/103—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/11—Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor, mobility of a limb
- A61B5/1112—Global tracking of patients, e.g. by using GPS
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
- A61B5/14539—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue for measuring pH
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/48—Other medical applications
- A61B5/4836—Diagnosis combined with treatment in closed-loop systems or methods
- A61B5/4839—Diagnosis combined with treatment in closed-loop systems or methods combined with drug delivery
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/56—Details of data transmission or power supply
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
- A61N1/372—Arrangements in connection with the implantation of stimulators
- A61N1/37211—Means for communicating with stimulators
- A61N1/37252—Details of algorithms or data aspects of communication system, e.g. handshaking, transmitting specific data or segmenting data
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
- A61N1/372—Arrangements in connection with the implantation of stimulators
- A61N1/378—Electrical supply
- A61N1/3787—Electrical supply from an external energy source
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2560/00—Constructional details of operational features of apparatus; Accessories for medical measuring apparatus
- A61B2560/02—Operational features
- A61B2560/0204—Operational features of power management
- A61B2560/0209—Operational features of power management adapted for power saving
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2560/00—Constructional details of operational features of apparatus; Accessories for medical measuring apparatus
- A61B2560/02—Operational features
- A61B2560/0204—Operational features of power management
- A61B2560/0214—Operational features of power management of power generation or supply
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2560/00—Constructional details of operational features of apparatus; Accessories for medical measuring apparatus
- A61B2560/02—Operational features
- A61B2560/0204—Operational features of power management
- A61B2560/0214—Operational features of power management of power generation or supply
- A61B2560/0219—Operational features of power management of power generation or supply of externally powered implanted units
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2560/00—Constructional details of operational features of apparatus; Accessories for medical measuring apparatus
- A61B2560/02—Operational features
- A61B2560/0242—Operational features adapted to measure environmental factors, e.g. temperature, pollution
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2560/00—Constructional details of operational features of apparatus; Accessories for medical measuring apparatus
- A61B2560/02—Operational features
- A61B2560/0242—Operational features adapted to measure environmental factors, e.g. temperature, pollution
- A61B2560/0247—Operational features adapted to measure environmental factors, e.g. temperature, pollution for compensation or correction of the measured physiological value
- A61B2560/0257—Operational features adapted to measure environmental factors, e.g. temperature, pollution for compensation or correction of the measured physiological value using atmospheric pressure
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2560/00—Constructional details of operational features of apparatus; Accessories for medical measuring apparatus
- A61B2560/04—Constructional details of apparatus
- A61B2560/0406—Constructional details of apparatus specially shaped apparatus housings
- A61B2560/0412—Low-profile patch shaped housings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
- A61B2562/02—Details of sensors specially adapted for in-vivo measurements
- A61B2562/028—Microscale sensors, e.g. electromechanical sensors [MEMS]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/42—Details of probe positioning or probe attachment to the patient
- A61B8/4272—Details of probe positioning or probe attachment to the patient involving the acoustic interface between the transducer and the tissue
- A61B8/4281—Details of probe positioning or probe attachment to the patient involving the acoustic interface between the transducer and the tissue characterised by sound-transmitting media or devices for coupling the transducer to the tissue
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/44—Constructional features of the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic device
- A61B8/4444—Constructional features of the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic device related to the probe
- A61B8/4472—Wireless probes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
- A61N1/372—Arrangements in connection with the implantation of stimulators
- A61N1/37211—Means for communicating with stimulators
- A61N1/37235—Aspects of the external programmer
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S128/00—Surgery
- Y10S128/903—Radio telemetry
Abstract
Systems and methods for communicating with an implant within a patient's body using acoustic telemetry includes an external communications device attachable to the patient's skin. The device includes an acoustic transducer for transmitting acoustic signals into the patient's body and/or for receiving acoustic signals from the implant. The device includes a battery for providing electrical energy to operate the device, a processor for extracting data from acoustic signals received from the implant, and memory for storing data. The device may include an interface for communicating with a recorder or computer, e.g., to transfer data from the implant and/or to receive instructions for controlling the implant. The device is secured to the patient's skin for controlling, monitoring, or otherwise communicating with the implant, while allowing the patient to remain mobile.
Description
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR COMMUNICATING WITH
IMPLANTABLE DEVICES
FIELD OF THE INVENTION:
The present invention relates generally to systems and methods for measuring physiological conditions and/or performing therapeutic functions within a patient's body, particularly to systems and methods for controlling and/or energizing devices that may be implanted within a body, and more particularly to implants that may be energized, activated, controlled, and/or otherwise communicate via acoustic energy.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION:
Devices are known that may be implanted within a patient's body foi monitoring one or more physiological conditions andlor to provide therapeutic functions. For example, sensors or transducers may be located deep within the body for monitoring a variety of properties, such as temperature, pressure, strain, fluid flow, chemical properties, electrical properties, magnetic properties, and the like.
In addition, devices may be implanted that perform one or more therapeutic functions, such as drug delivery, defibrillation, electrical stimulation, and the like.
CONFIRMATION COPY
Often it is desirable to communicate with such devices once they are implanted within a patient by external command, for example, to obtain data, and/or to activate or otherwise control the implant. An implant may include wire leads from the implant to an exterior surface of the patient, thereby allowing an external controller or other device to be directly coupled to the implant. Alternatively, the implant may be remotely controlled, e.g., using an external induction device. For example, an external radio frequency (RF) transmitter may be used to communicate with the implant.
RF
energy, however, may only penetrate a few millimeters into a body, because of the .
body's dielectric nature, and therefore~may not be able to communicate effectively with an implant that is located deep within the body. In addition, although an RF
transmitter may be able to induce a current within an implant, the implant's receiving antenna, generally a low impedance coil, may generate a voltage that is too low to provide a reliable switching mechanism.
In a further alternative, electromagnetic energy may be used to control an implant, since a body generally does not attenuate magnetic fields. The presence of external magnetic fields encountered by the patient during normal activity, however, may expose the patient to the risk of false positives, i.e., accidental activation or deactivation of the implant. Furthermore, external electromagnetic systems maybe cumbersome and may not be able to effectively transfer coded information to an implant.
IMPLANTABLE DEVICES
FIELD OF THE INVENTION:
The present invention relates generally to systems and methods for measuring physiological conditions and/or performing therapeutic functions within a patient's body, particularly to systems and methods for controlling and/or energizing devices that may be implanted within a body, and more particularly to implants that may be energized, activated, controlled, and/or otherwise communicate via acoustic energy.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION:
Devices are known that may be implanted within a patient's body foi monitoring one or more physiological conditions andlor to provide therapeutic functions. For example, sensors or transducers may be located deep within the body for monitoring a variety of properties, such as temperature, pressure, strain, fluid flow, chemical properties, electrical properties, magnetic properties, and the like.
In addition, devices may be implanted that perform one or more therapeutic functions, such as drug delivery, defibrillation, electrical stimulation, and the like.
CONFIRMATION COPY
Often it is desirable to communicate with such devices once they are implanted within a patient by external command, for example, to obtain data, and/or to activate or otherwise control the implant. An implant may include wire leads from the implant to an exterior surface of the patient, thereby allowing an external controller or other device to be directly coupled to the implant. Alternatively, the implant may be remotely controlled, e.g., using an external induction device. For example, an external radio frequency (RF) transmitter may be used to communicate with the implant.
RF
energy, however, may only penetrate a few millimeters into a body, because of the .
body's dielectric nature, and therefore~may not be able to communicate effectively with an implant that is located deep within the body. In addition, although an RF
transmitter may be able to induce a current within an implant, the implant's receiving antenna, generally a low impedance coil, may generate a voltage that is too low to provide a reliable switching mechanism.
In a further alternative, electromagnetic energy may be used to control an implant, since a body generally does not attenuate magnetic fields. The presence of external magnetic fields encountered by the patient during normal activity, however, may expose the patient to the risk of false positives, i.e., accidental activation or deactivation of the implant. Furthermore, external electromagnetic systems maybe cumbersome and may not be able to effectively transfer coded information to an implant.
Accordingly, systems and methods for~communicating with an implant that may be implanted within a patient's body, such as a pressure sensor, a drug delivery device, a pacemaker, or a nerve stimulator, would be considered useful.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION:
The present invention is generally directed to systems and methods for communicating with implants or other devices that are placed, e.g., using open surgical or minimally invasive techniques, within a mammalian body. The implant may include one or more sensors for monitoring pressure or other physiological parameters and/or may perform one or more therapeutic functions. More particularly, the present invention is directed to external systems for controlling, activating, energizing, and/or otherwise communicating with such implants using acoustic telemetry, and to methods for using such systems.
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a system is provided for communicating with an implant within a body that includes an external communications device, e.g., a controller, securable to an exterior surface of a patient's body. Preferably, the controller is sufficiently small and portable that it may remain secured to the patient, possibly for extended time periods. For example, the device may be attached to or within a patch that may be secured to a patient's skin.
In one embodiment, the device is an external controller that generally includes one or more acoustic transducers, including a first acoustic transducer, for transmitting one or more acoustic signals into the patient's body. The controller may also include an energy source for powering the one or more acoustic transducers, and/or a processor or other electrical circuit for controlling operation of the controller. In addition, one or more of the acoustic transducers, such as the first acoustic transducer, may be configured for receiving acoustic signals from an implant within the patient's body. The controller may include memory for storing data, and the processor may extract sensor data and/or other data from acoustic signals received from an implant, e.g., for storage in the memory. In addition, the controller may include a connector, lead, transmitter, receiver, or other interface for communicating with a recorder or other electronic device, such as a computer, personal digital assistant, or a wireless device, such as a cellular phone. °The controller may be coupled to such an electronic device for transferring sensor data or other data stored in the memory of the controller and/or for receiving instructions or commands from the electronic device.
In addition, the system may include an implant for placement within the patient's body. The implant may include an electrical circuit for performing one or more 1 S commands when the implant is activated, an energy storage device, and/or one or more acoustic transducers, e.g., a second acoustic transducer, coupled to the electrical circuit and/or the energy storage device. Optionally, the electrical circuit may include a switch coupled to the energy storage device and/or the second acoustic transducer.
The second acoustic transducer may receive one or more acoustic signals from the first acoustic transducer of the external device. For example, the switch may be closed and/or opened in response to a first acoustic signal to begin or discontinue current flow from the energy storage device to the.electrical circuit or other components of the implant.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION:
The present invention is generally directed to systems and methods for communicating with implants or other devices that are placed, e.g., using open surgical or minimally invasive techniques, within a mammalian body. The implant may include one or more sensors for monitoring pressure or other physiological parameters and/or may perform one or more therapeutic functions. More particularly, the present invention is directed to external systems for controlling, activating, energizing, and/or otherwise communicating with such implants using acoustic telemetry, and to methods for using such systems.
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a system is provided for communicating with an implant within a body that includes an external communications device, e.g., a controller, securable to an exterior surface of a patient's body. Preferably, the controller is sufficiently small and portable that it may remain secured to the patient, possibly for extended time periods. For example, the device may be attached to or within a patch that may be secured to a patient's skin.
In one embodiment, the device is an external controller that generally includes one or more acoustic transducers, including a first acoustic transducer, for transmitting one or more acoustic signals into the patient's body. The controller may also include an energy source for powering the one or more acoustic transducers, and/or a processor or other electrical circuit for controlling operation of the controller. In addition, one or more of the acoustic transducers, such as the first acoustic transducer, may be configured for receiving acoustic signals from an implant within the patient's body. The controller may include memory for storing data, and the processor may extract sensor data and/or other data from acoustic signals received from an implant, e.g., for storage in the memory. In addition, the controller may include a connector, lead, transmitter, receiver, or other interface for communicating with a recorder or other electronic device, such as a computer, personal digital assistant, or a wireless device, such as a cellular phone. °The controller may be coupled to such an electronic device for transferring sensor data or other data stored in the memory of the controller and/or for receiving instructions or commands from the electronic device.
In addition, the system may include an implant for placement within the patient's body. The implant may include an electrical circuit for performing one or more 1 S commands when the implant is activated, an energy storage device, and/or one or more acoustic transducers, e.g., a second acoustic transducer, coupled to the electrical circuit and/or the energy storage device. Optionally, the electrical circuit may include a switch coupled to the energy storage device and/or the second acoustic transducer.
The second acoustic transducer may receive one or more acoustic signals from the first acoustic transducer of the external device. For example, the switch may be closed and/or opened in response to a first acoustic signal to begin or discontinue current flow from the energy storage device to the.electrical circuit or other components of the implant.
In a preferred embodiment, the external controller's processor controls the first acoustic transducer to transmit a first acoustic signal/or and a second acoustic signal. The switch of the implant may be closed when the first acoustic signal is received by the second acoustic transducer, while the switch may be opened when the second acoustic signal is received by the second acoustic transducer. In addition or alternatively, the first acoustic transducer may transmit first and second acoustic signals separated by a delay.
The switch may be closed andlor opened only when the second acoustic transducer receives the first and second acoustic signals separated by a predetermined delay, thereby minimizing the risk of accidental activation or deactivation of the implant.
~ In yet another alternative, the first acoustic transducer may transmit a first acoustic signal, e.g., an activation signal, followed by a second acoustic signal, e.g., including a set of commands. The second acoustic transducer may receive the first and second acoustic signals, and the electrical circuit of the implant may extract the set of commands from the second acoustic signal, and control operation of the implant as instructed by the set of commands. In a further alternative, the implant may run continuously or intermittently, and the external controller may control, monitor, energize, and/or program the implant using acoustic telemetry during operation of the implant.
In an exemplary embodiment, the implant may include a sensor coupled to the electrical circuit, and the one or more commands may include measuring a physiological parameter within the body using the sensor. The second acoustic transmitter may transmit one or more acoustic signals including sensor data indicating the physiological parameter to the controller. In an alternative embodiment, the implant may be coupled to a therapeutic device or may include an internal therapeutic device coupled to the electrical circuit. The electrical circuit may control the therapeutic device in response to a physiological parameter measured by the sensor or in response to acoustic signals received from the external controller. For example, the implant may include a pacemaker that rnay be implanted via a minimally invasive catheter-based procedure. Any programming and/or interrogation of the pacemaker may be accomplished using acoustic telemetry from the external controller. In yet another alternative embodiment, the implant may include an actuator coupled to the electrical circuit, and the one or more commands may include activating the actuator to control a therapeutic device coupled to the actuator, such as a nerve stimulator or a controlled delivery drug release system.
In addition, the energy storage device of the implant may include a rechargeable device, such as a capacitor or a battery. For this embodiment, the system may include an external charger that may include a probe configured for placement against an exterior of the patient's body. The charger may include a source of electrical energy, such as a radio frequency (RF) generator, that is coupled to the probe. The probe may include another acoustic transducer, e.g., a third acoustic transducer, for converting electrical energy from the source of electrical energy into acoustic energy. The third acoustic transducer may transmit acoustic signals including acoustic energy into the patient's body.
One or more acoustic transducers of the implant, e.g., the second acoustic transducer, may be configured for converting these acoustic signals into electrical energy for recharging the energy storage device and/or powering the implant.
The switch may be closed andlor opened only when the second acoustic transducer receives the first and second acoustic signals separated by a predetermined delay, thereby minimizing the risk of accidental activation or deactivation of the implant.
~ In yet another alternative, the first acoustic transducer may transmit a first acoustic signal, e.g., an activation signal, followed by a second acoustic signal, e.g., including a set of commands. The second acoustic transducer may receive the first and second acoustic signals, and the electrical circuit of the implant may extract the set of commands from the second acoustic signal, and control operation of the implant as instructed by the set of commands. In a further alternative, the implant may run continuously or intermittently, and the external controller may control, monitor, energize, and/or program the implant using acoustic telemetry during operation of the implant.
In an exemplary embodiment, the implant may include a sensor coupled to the electrical circuit, and the one or more commands may include measuring a physiological parameter within the body using the sensor. The second acoustic transmitter may transmit one or more acoustic signals including sensor data indicating the physiological parameter to the controller. In an alternative embodiment, the implant may be coupled to a therapeutic device or may include an internal therapeutic device coupled to the electrical circuit. The electrical circuit may control the therapeutic device in response to a physiological parameter measured by the sensor or in response to acoustic signals received from the external controller. For example, the implant may include a pacemaker that rnay be implanted via a minimally invasive catheter-based procedure. Any programming and/or interrogation of the pacemaker may be accomplished using acoustic telemetry from the external controller. In yet another alternative embodiment, the implant may include an actuator coupled to the electrical circuit, and the one or more commands may include activating the actuator to control a therapeutic device coupled to the actuator, such as a nerve stimulator or a controlled delivery drug release system.
In addition, the energy storage device of the implant may include a rechargeable device, such as a capacitor or a battery. For this embodiment, the system may include an external charger that may include a probe configured for placement against an exterior of the patient's body. The charger may include a source of electrical energy, such as a radio frequency (RF) generator, that is coupled to the probe. The probe may include another acoustic transducer, e.g., a third acoustic transducer, for converting electrical energy from the source of electrical energy into acoustic energy. The third acoustic transducer may transmit acoustic signals including acoustic energy into the patient's body.
One or more acoustic transducers of the implant, e.g., the second acoustic transducer, may be configured for converting these acoustic signals into electrical energy for recharging the energy storage device and/or powering the implant.
Thus, a system in accordance with the present invention may include an external controller that has sufficient power to control its own operation and to communicate with the implant. Because of its limited energy requirements, however, the controller may be relatively small and portable, e.g., may be attached to the patient, while still allowing the patient to engage in normal physical activity. The controller may be used to communicate with an implant, e.g., periodically activating or deactivating the implant, and/or recording data generated and transmitted by the implant. Because it is located outside the patient's body, the controller may be more easily programmed or reprogrammed than the implant, and/or may be repaired or replaced if necessary without requiring an interventional procedure.
In addition, the system may include a separate external charger that includes a substantially more powerful energy source, enabling it to recharge the energy storage device of the implant. For this reason, unlike the external controller, the charger may be a relatively bulky device that may include a portable probe for contacting the patient's skin, and a large energy generator or converter that is stationary or of limited mobility. In an alternative embodiment, the external controller and charger may be provided as a single device, e.g., including one or more acoustic transducers and/or one or more processors for performing the functions of both devices, as described above.
In this embodiment, however, portability of the system and convenience to the patient may be compromised.
In addition, the system may include a separate external charger that includes a substantially more powerful energy source, enabling it to recharge the energy storage device of the implant. For this reason, unlike the external controller, the charger may be a relatively bulky device that may include a portable probe for contacting the patient's skin, and a large energy generator or converter that is stationary or of limited mobility. In an alternative embodiment, the external controller and charger may be provided as a single device, e.g., including one or more acoustic transducers and/or one or more processors for performing the functions of both devices, as described above.
In this embodiment, however, portability of the system and convenience to the patient may be compromised.
Other objects and features of the present invention will become apparent from consideration of the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS:
The invention is herein described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIGS. lA-1C are schematic drawings, showing exemplary embodiments of an implant, in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic of an exemplary circuit for use as an acoustic switch, in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a patient's body, showing a system for communicating with an implant, in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic of an external controller for communicating with an implant, such as that shown in FIG. 3, in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic of another exemplary embodiment of an implant, in accordance with the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS:
Turning to the drawings, FIGS. lA-1C schematically show several exemplary embodiments of an implant 110, 210, 310, in accordance with the present invention.
Generally, the implant 110, 210, 310 includes an electrical circuit 112, 212, configured fox performing one or more functions or commands when the implant 110, 210, 310 is activated, as described further below. In addition, the implant 110, 210, 310 includes an energy storage device 114 and optionally may include a switch 116 coupled to the electrical circuit 112, 212, 312 and the energy storage device 114. The switch 116 may be activated upon acoustic excitation 100 from an external acoustic energy source (not shown) to allow current flow from the energy storage device 114 to the electrical circuit 112, 212, 312.
In a preferred embodiment, the switch 116 includes an acoustic transducer 118, such as that disclosed in PCT Publication No. WO 99/34,453, published July 8, 1999, or in U.S. application Serial No. 09/888,272, filed June 21, 2001, the disclosures of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference. In addition, the switch 116 also includes a switch circuit 120, such as switch circuit 400 shown in FIG. 2, although alternatively other switches, such as a miniature electromechanical switch and the like (not shown) may be provided. In a further alternative, the acoustic transducer 118 may be coupled to the electrical circuit 112, 212, 312 and/or the energy storage device 114, and the switch circuit 120 may be eliminated.
The energy storage device 114 may be any of a variety of known devices, such as an energy exchanger, a battery and/or a capacitor (not shown). Preferably, the energy storage device 114 is capable of storing electrical energy substantially indefinitely for as long as the acoustic switch 116 remains open, i.e., when the implant 110, 210, 310 is in a "sleep" mode. In addition, the energy storage device 114 may be capable of being charged from an external source, e.g., inductively using acoustic telemetry, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art. In a preferred embodiment, the energy storage device 114 includes both a capacitor and a primary, non-rechargeable battery.
Alternatively, the energy storage device 114 may include a secondary, rechargeable battery and/or capacitor that may be energized before activation or use of the implant 110, 210, 310.
The implant 110, 210, 310 may be surgically or minimally invasively inserted within a human body in order to carry out a variety of monitoring and/or therapeutic functions. For example, the electrical circuit 112, 212, 312 may include a control circuit 122, 222, 322, a biosensor 124, 224, an actuator 226, 326, andlor a transmitter 128, as explained in application Serial No. 09/690,015, incorporated by reference above. The implant 210, 310 may be configured for providing one or more therapeutic functions, fox example, to activate and/or control a therapeutic device implanted within a patient's body, such as an atrial defibrillator or pacemaker, a pain relief stimulator, a neuro-stimulator, a drug delivery device, and/or a light source used for photodynamic therapy.
Alternatively, the implant may be used to monitor a radiation dose including ionizing, magnetic and/or acoustic radiation, to monitor flow in a bypass graft, to produce cell oxygenation and membrane electroporation, and the like. In addition or alternatively, the implant I I O may be used to measure one or more physiological parameters within the patient's body, such as pressure, temperature, electrical impedance, position, strain, pH, and the like.
The implant may operate in one of two modes, a "sleep" or "passive" mode when the implant remains dormant and not in use, i.e., when the acoustic switch 116 is open, and an "active" mode, when the acoustic switch 116 is closed, and elecfirical energy is delivered from the energy storage device 114 to the electrical circuit 112, 212, 312.
Alternatively, the implant may operate continuously or intermittently. Because the acoustic switch 116 is open in the sleep mode, there is substantially no energy consumption from the energy storage device 114, and consequently, the implant may remain in the sleep mode virtually indefinitely, i.e., until activated. Thus, an implant in accordance with the present invention may be more energy efficient and, therefore, may require a relatively small energy storage device than implants that continuously draw at least a small amount of current in their "passive" mode.
Turning to FIG. 1A, a first preferred embodiment of an implant 110 is shown in which the electrical circuit 112 includes a control circuit 122, a biosensor 124 coupled to the controller 122, and a transmitter 128 coupled to the control circuit 122.
The controller 122 may include circuitry for activating or controlling the biosensor .124, for receiving signals from the biosensor 124, and/or for processing the signals into data, for example, to be transmitted by the transmitter 128. Optionally, the electrical circuit 112 may include memory (not shown) for storing the data. The transmitter 128 may be any device capable of transmitting data from the control circuit 122 to a remote location outside the body, such as an acoustic transmitter, a radio frequency transmitter, and the like. Preferably, the control circuit 122 is coupled to the acoustic transducer 118 such that the acoustic transducer 118 may be used as a transmitter 128, as well as a receiver, instead of providing a separate transmitter.
The biosensor 124 may include one or more sensors capable of measuring physiological parameters, such as pressure, temperature, electrical impedance, position, strain, pH, fluid flow, electrochemical sensor, and the like. Thus, the biosensor 124 may generate a signal proportional to a physiological parameter that may be processed andJor relayed by the control circuit 122 to the transmitter 128, which, in turn, may generate a transmission signal to be received by a device outside the patient's body.
Data regarding the physiological parameters) may be transmitted continuously or periodically until the acoustic switch 116 is deactivated, or for a fixed predetermined time, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art.
Turning to FIG. 1B, a second preferred embodiment of an implant 210 is shown in which the electrical circuit 212 includes a control circuit 222 and an actuator 226. The actuator 226 rnay be coupled to a therapeutic device (not shown) provided in or otherwise coupled to the implant 210, such as a Iight source, a nerve stimulator, a defibrillator, an electrochemical oxidation/reduction electrode, or a valve communicating with an implanted drug reservoir (in the implant or otherwise implanted within the body in association with the implant).
When the switch 120 is closed, the control circuit 222 may activate the actuator 226 using a pre-programmed protocol, e.g., to complete a predetermined therapeutic procedure, whereupon the switch 120 may automatically open, or the controller 222 may follow a continuous or looped protocol until the switch 120 is deactivated.
Alternatively, the acoustic transducer 118 may be coupled to the control circuit 222 for communicating a new or unique set of commands to the control circuit 222. For example, a particular course of treatment for a patient having the implant 210 may be determined, such as a flow rate and duration of drug delivery, drug activation, drug production, or an energy level and duration of electrical stimulation. Acoustic signals including commands specifying this course of treatment may be transmitted from an external controller (not . shown), as described below, to the acoustic switch 116, e.g., along with or subsequent to the activation signal 100. The control circuit 222 may interpret these commands and control the actuator 226 accordingly to complete the course of treatment.
Turning to FIG. 1 C, yet another preferred embodiment of an implant 310 is shown in which the electrical circuit 312 includes a control circuit 322, a biosensor 324, and an actuator 326, all of which may be coupled to one another. This embodiment may operate similarly to the embodiments described above, e.g., to obtain data regarding one or more physiological parameters and/or to control a therapeutic device. In addition, once activated, the control circuit 322 may control the actuator 326 in response to data obtained from the biosensor 324 to control or adjust automatically a course of treatment being provided by a device connected to the actuator 326. Fox example, the actuator 326 may be coupled to an insulin pump (not shown), and the biosensor 324 may measure glucose levels within the patient's body. The control circuit 322 may control the actuator to open or close a valve on the insulin pump to adjust a rate of insulin delivery based upon glucose levels measured by the biosensor 324 in order to maintain the patient's glucose within a desired range.
Turning to FIG. 2, a preferred embodiment of a switch 400 is shown that may be incorporated into an implant in accordance with the present invention. The switch 400 includes a piezoelectric transducer, or other acoustic transducer (not shown, but generally connected to the .switch 400 at locations piezo + and piezo -), a plurality of MOSFET
transistors (Q1-Q4) and resistors (Rl-R4), and switch S1. A "load" may be coupled to the switch 400, such as one of the electrical circuits described above. In the switch's "sleep" mode, all of the MOSFET transistors (Q1-Q4) are in an off state. To maintain the off state, the gates of the transistors are biased by pull-up and pull-down resistors. The gates of N-channel transistors (Q1, Q3 & Q4) are biased to ground and the gate of P-channel transistor Q2 is biased to +3V. During this quiescent stage, switch S1 is closed and no current flows through the circuit. Therefore, although an energy storage device (not shown, but coupled between the hot post, labeled with an exemplary voltage of +3V, and ground) is connected to the switch 400, no current is being drawn therefrom since all of the transistors are quiescent.
When the acoustic transducer of the implant detects an external acoustic signal, e.g., having a particular frequency, such as the transducer's resonant frequency, the voltage on the transistor Q1 will exceed the transistor threshold voltage of about one half of a volt. Transistor Ql is thereby switched on and current flows through transistor Q1 and pull-up resistor R2. As a result of the current flow through transistor Q1, the voltage on the drain of transistor Q1 and the gate of transistor Q2 drops from +3V
substantially to zero (ground). This drop in voltage switches on the P-channel transistor Q2, which begins to conduct current through transistor Q2 and pull-down resistor R3.
As a result of the current flowing through transistor Q2, the voltage on the drain of transistor Q2 and the gates of transistors Q3 and Q4 increases from substantially zero to +3V. The increase in voltage switches on transistors Q3 and Q4. As a result, transistor Q3 begins to conduct current through resistor R4 and main switching transistor Q4 begins to conduct current through the "load," thereby switching~on the electrical circuit.
S As a result of the current flowing through transistor Q3, the gate of transistor Q2 is connected to ground through transistor Q3, irrespective of whether or not transistor Q1 . is conducting. At this stage,-~the transistors (Q2, Q3 c~ Q4) are latched to the conducting state, even if the piezoelectric voltage on transistor Q1 is subsequently reduced to zero and transistor Ql ceases to conduct. Thus, main switching transistor Q4 will remain on until switch S 1 is opened.
In order to deactivate or open the switch 400, switch S 1 must be opened, for example, while there is no acoustic excitation of the piezoelectric transducer. If this occurs, the gate of transistor Q2 increases to +3V due to pull-up resistor R2.
Transistor Q2 then switches off, thereby, in turn, switching off transistors Q3 and Q4.
At this stage, the switch 400 returns to its sleep mode, even if switch S 1 is again closed.
~ The switch 400 will only return to its active mode upon receiving a new acoustic activation signal from the piezoelectric transducer.
It should be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the above=mentioned electrical circuit is not the only possible implementation of a switch for use with the present invention. For example, the switching operation my be performed using a CMOS
circuit, which may draw less current when switched on, an electromechanical switch, and the like.
Turning to FIGS. 3 and 4, a system 410 is shown for communicating with an implant 412, such as one of those described above. Generally, the system 410 includes an external communications device or controller 414, and may include a charger 416, one or more implants 412 (only one shown for simplicity), and an external recorder, computer, or other electronic device 434.
With particular reference to FIG. 4, the external controller 414 may include a processor or other electrical circuit 418 for controlling its operation, and an energy source 420, e.g., a nonrechargeable or a rechargeable battery, coupled to the processor 418 and/or other components of the controller 414, such as a power amplifier or an oscillator (not shown). In addition, the controller 414 may include one or more acoustic transducers 422 that are configured for converting between electrical energy and acoustic energy, similar to those described above. As shown, a single acoustic transducer 422 is provided that may corrimunicate using acoustic telemetry, i.e., capable both of converting electrical energy to acoustic energy to transmit acoustic signals, and converting acoustic energy to electrical energy to receive acoustic signals, as explained furtherbelow.
Alternatively, separate and/or multiple acoustic transducers may be provided for transmitting and receiving acoustic signals.
In a preferred embodiment, the controller 414 also includes memory 424 coupled to the processor 418, e.g., for storing data provided to the controller 414, as explained further below. The memory 424 may be a temporary buffer that holds data before transfer to another device, or non-volatile memory capable of storing the data substantially indefinitely, e.g., until extracted by the processor 418 or other electronic device. For example, the memory 424 may be a memory card or an eprom (not shown) built into the controller 414 or otherwise coupled to the processor 418. The controller 414 may also include an interface 426, such as a lead or connector, or a transmitter and/or receiver, that may communicate with the external electronic device, as explained further below.
Preferably, the controller 414 is carried by a patch 415 that may be~secured to a patient, e.g., to the patient's skin 92. For example, the patch 415 may include one or more layers of substantially flexible material to which the controller 414 andlor its individual components are attached. The patch 415 may include a single flexible membrane (not shown) to which the controller 414 is bonded or otherwise attached, e.g., using a substantially permanent adhesive, which may facilitate the patch 415 conforming to a patient's anatomy. Alternatively, the controller 414 may be secured between layers of material, e.g., within a pouch or other compartment (not shown) within the patch 415.
For example, the patch 415 may include a pair of membranes (not shown) defining the pouch or compartment. The space within which the controller 414 is disposed may be filled with material to acoustically couple the acoustic transducers) (formed, for example, from PZT, composite PZT, Quartz, PVDF, and/or other piezoelectric material) of the controller 414 to an outer surface of the patch 41 S. Alternatively, the acoustic transducers) may be exposed, e.g., in a window formed in a wall of the patch 415.
The patch 415 may be formed from a flexible piezoelectric material, such as PVDF or a PVDF copolymer. Such polymers may allow the patch 415 to produce ultrasonic waves, as well as allowing the controller 414 to be secured to the patient's skin 92. Thus, the wall of the patch 415 itself may provide an acoustic transducer for the controller 414, i.e., for transmitting acoustic energyto and/or receiving acoustic energy from the implant 412.
The patch 415 may then be secured to the patient's skin 92 using a material, such as a layer of adhesive (not shown), substantially permanently affixed or otherwise provided on a surface of the patch. The adhesive may be hydrogel, silicon, polyurethane, polyethylene, polypropylene, fluorocarbon polymer, and the like.
Alternatively, a separate adhesive may be applied to the patch 415 and/or to the patient's skin 92 before applying the patch 415 in order to secure the controller 414 to the patient's skin 92. Such an adhesive may enhance acoustically coupling of the acoustic transducers) of the controller 414 to the patient's skin 92, and consequently to the implant 412 within the patient's body 94. Optionally, additional wetting material, including water, silicone oil, silicone gel, hydrogel, and the like, and/or other acoustically conductive material may be provided' between the patch 415 or the acoustic transducer 422, and the patient's skin 92, e.g., to provide substantial continuity and minimize reflection or other losses and/or to secure the patch 415 to the patient.
Alternatively, the controller 414 may be carried by a belt (not shown) that may be secured around the patient, e.g., such that the acoustic transducer 422 is secured against the patient's skin. The belt may carry other components of the system 410, e.g., an external power supply for the controller 414. For example, a battery pack (not shown) may be carried by the belt that may be coupled to the controller 414 for providing electrical energy for its operation.
The patch 415 may be relatively light and compact, for example, having a maximum surface dimension (e.g., width or height) not more than about ten to two hundred millimeters (10-200 mm), a thickness not more than about five to one hundred millimeters (5-100 mm), and a weight not more than about twenty to four hundred grams (20-400 g), such that the controller 414 may be inconspicuously attached to the patient.
Thus, the patient may be able to resume normal physical activity, without substantial impairment from the controller. Yet, the internal energy source of the controller 414 may be sufficiently large to communicate with the implant 412 for an extended period of time, e.g., for hours or days, without requiring recharging or continuous coupling to a separate energy solace.
The system 410 may be used to control, energize, and/or otherwise communicate with the implant 412. For example, the controller 414 may be used to activate the implant 412. Qne or more external acoustic energy waves or signals 430 may be transmitted from the controller 414 into the patient's body 94, e.g., generally towards the location of the implant 412 until the signal is received by the acoustic transducer (not shown in FIGS. 3 and 4) of the implant 412. Upon excitation by the acoustic waves) 43Q, the acoustic transducer produces an electrical output that is used to close, open, or otherwise activate the switch (also not shown in FIGS. 3 and 4) of the implant 412.
Preferably, in order to achieve reliable switching, the acoustic transducer of the implant 412 is configured to generate a voltage of at least several tenths of a volt upon excitation that may be used as an activation signal to close the switch, as described above.
As a safety measure against false positives (e.g., erroneous activation ~or deactivation), the controller 414 may be configured to direct its acoustic transducer 422 to transmit an initiation signal followed by a confirmation signal. When the acoustic transducer of the implant 412 receives these signals, the electrical circuit may monitor the signals fox a proper sequence of signals, thereby ensuring that the acoustic switch of the implant 412 only closes upon receiving the proper initiation and confirmation signals.
For example, the acoustic switch may only acknowledge an activation signal that includes a first pulse followed by a second pulse separated by a predetermined delay.
Use of a confirmation signal may be particularly important for certain applications, for example, to prevent unintentional release of drugs by a drug delivery implant.
In addition to an activation signal, the controller 414 may transmit a second acoustic signal that may be the same as or different than the acoustic waves) used to activate the acoustic switch of the implant 412. Thus, the switch may be opened when the acoustic transducer of the implant 412 receives this second acoustic signal, e.g., by the acoustic transducer generating a'termination signal in response to the second acoustic signal, in order to return the implant 412 to its sleep mode.
For example, once activated, the switch may remain closed indefinitely, e.g., until the energy storage device (not shown in FIGS. 3 and 4) of the implant 412 is completely depleted, falls below a predetermined threshold, or until a termination signal is received by the acoustic transducer of the implant 412 from the controller 414.
Alternatively, the acoustic switch of the implant 412 may include a timer (not shown), such that the switch remains closed only for a predetermined time, whereupon the switch may automatically open, returning the implant 412 to its sleep mode.
FIG. 5 shows an alternative embodiment of an implant 510 that does not include an acoustic switch. Generally, the implant includes a sensor 512, one or more energy transducers 514, one or more energy storage devices 516, and a control circuit 518, similar to the embodiments described above. The sensor 512 is preferably a pressure sensor for measuring intra-body pressure, such as an absolute variable capacitance type pressure sensor. In alternative embodiments, one or more other sensors may be provided instead of or in addition to a pressure sensor 512. For example, the sensor 512 may include one or more biosensors capable of measuring physiological parameters,.such as temperature, electrical impedance, position, strain, pH, fluid flow, and the like. An external controller (not shown), such as that described above, may also be used to communicate with this implant.
Returning to FIG. 3, an external controller 414 in accordance with the present invention preferably has only sufficient power.to control its own operation and to communicate with the implant 412. Because of its limited energy requirements, the controller 414 may be relatively small and portable, e.g., may be attached to the patient, while still allowing the patient to engage in normal physical activity. The controller 414 may be used to communicate with the implant 412, e.g., periodically activating or deactivating the implant 412, andlor recording data generated and transmitted by the implant 412. Because it is located outside the patient's,body, the controller 414 may be more easily programmed or reprogrammed than the implant 412 itself, and/or may be repaired or replaced if necessary or desired.
In addition to the external controller 414, the system 4'10 may include one or more electronic devices 434 that may be coupled to the controller 414 via the interface 426, such as a recorder, a computer, a personal digital assistant, and/or a wireless device, such as a cellular telephone. The electronic device 434 may be directly coupled to the controller 414, by a connector or lead (not shown) extending from the patch 415 within which the controller 414 is provided. Alternatively, the controller 414 and/or patch 415 may include a wireless transmitter and/or receiver (not shown), e.g., a short-range RF
transceiver, for communicating with the electronic device 434.
The electronic device 434 may be used to extract data from the memory 424 of the controller 414, e.g., sensor data and the like, received from the implant 412. This data may be included in a patient database maintained by health care professionals monitoring the patient receiving the implant 412. In addition, the electronic device 434 may be used to program the controller 414, e.g., to program commands, timing sequences, and the like.
The system 410 may also include an external charger 418. For example, the implant 412 may include a rechargeable energy storage device (not shown in FIG. 3), preferably one or more capacitors, that are coupled to the acoustic transducer (also not shown in FIG. 3). The charger 416 may include a probe 428, including an acoustic transducer 430 for contacting a patient's skin 92. The charger 416 also includes a source of electrical energy 432, such as a radio frequency (RF) generator, that is coupled to the acoustic transducer 430. The charger 418 may also include electrical circuits for controlling its operation and buttons or other controls (not shown) for activating and/or deactivating the acoustic transducer 430.
The charger 418 may be used to charge or recharge the implant, e.g., periodically or before each activation. Because the charger 418 includes a substantially more powerful energy source than the controller 414, the charger 418 is generally a relatively bulky device compared to the controller 414, in particular due to the energy generator, which may be stationary or of limited mobility. In addition, the charger 418 may be used to recharge the controller 414 periodically, e.g., by a direct or wireless coupling.
Alternatively, the controller 414 and patch 415 may be disposable, e.g., after its energy has been depleted, and replaced with another.
For puxposes of comparison, an exemplary charger 416 may~need to generate about ten kiloPascals (10 kPa) of acoustic energy for about twenty seconds (20.sec.) in order to fully charge the implant 412. In contrast, an exemplary controller 414 may be limited to outputting relatively smaller bursts of acoustic energy for communicating with, but not charging, the implant 412. Such acoustic signals may have a duration of as little as about one millisecond (1 ms), as opposed to the significantly longer charging signals generated by the charger 416.
The transducer 422 of the controller 414 may consume about one Watt (1 W) of power to produce a 1 kPa acoustic signal for about one millisecond. If the controll er 414 communicates with the implant 412 on an hourly basis, the energy source 420 of the controller 418 may only need sufficient capacity to provide 0.024 Watt seconds per day (0.024 W.sec./day). Because of this low energy requirement, the energy source 420, and, consequently, the controller 418, may be relatively compact and portable, as compared to the charger 416. Thus, the energy source 420 may be self contained within the controller 418, i.e., carried by the patch 415. Alternatively, a portable energy source, e.g., an external battery pack (not shown) may be provided for supplying electrical energy to the controller 418 that may be carried by the patient, e.g., on a belt (not shown).
In an alternative embodiment, the controller and charger may be provided as a single device (not shown), e.g., including one or more acoustic transducers and/or one or more processors for performing the functions of both devices, as described above. In this embodiment, the implant 412 may operate in a "half duplex" mode, a quasi-continuous mode, or in a "full-duplex" mode, as described in the applications incorporated above.
It will be appreciated that the above descriptions are intended only to serve as examples, and that many other embodiments are possible within the spirit and the scope of the present invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS:
The invention is herein described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIGS. lA-1C are schematic drawings, showing exemplary embodiments of an implant, in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic of an exemplary circuit for use as an acoustic switch, in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a patient's body, showing a system for communicating with an implant, in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic of an external controller for communicating with an implant, such as that shown in FIG. 3, in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic of another exemplary embodiment of an implant, in accordance with the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS:
Turning to the drawings, FIGS. lA-1C schematically show several exemplary embodiments of an implant 110, 210, 310, in accordance with the present invention.
Generally, the implant 110, 210, 310 includes an electrical circuit 112, 212, configured fox performing one or more functions or commands when the implant 110, 210, 310 is activated, as described further below. In addition, the implant 110, 210, 310 includes an energy storage device 114 and optionally may include a switch 116 coupled to the electrical circuit 112, 212, 312 and the energy storage device 114. The switch 116 may be activated upon acoustic excitation 100 from an external acoustic energy source (not shown) to allow current flow from the energy storage device 114 to the electrical circuit 112, 212, 312.
In a preferred embodiment, the switch 116 includes an acoustic transducer 118, such as that disclosed in PCT Publication No. WO 99/34,453, published July 8, 1999, or in U.S. application Serial No. 09/888,272, filed June 21, 2001, the disclosures of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference. In addition, the switch 116 also includes a switch circuit 120, such as switch circuit 400 shown in FIG. 2, although alternatively other switches, such as a miniature electromechanical switch and the like (not shown) may be provided. In a further alternative, the acoustic transducer 118 may be coupled to the electrical circuit 112, 212, 312 and/or the energy storage device 114, and the switch circuit 120 may be eliminated.
The energy storage device 114 may be any of a variety of known devices, such as an energy exchanger, a battery and/or a capacitor (not shown). Preferably, the energy storage device 114 is capable of storing electrical energy substantially indefinitely for as long as the acoustic switch 116 remains open, i.e., when the implant 110, 210, 310 is in a "sleep" mode. In addition, the energy storage device 114 may be capable of being charged from an external source, e.g., inductively using acoustic telemetry, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art. In a preferred embodiment, the energy storage device 114 includes both a capacitor and a primary, non-rechargeable battery.
Alternatively, the energy storage device 114 may include a secondary, rechargeable battery and/or capacitor that may be energized before activation or use of the implant 110, 210, 310.
The implant 110, 210, 310 may be surgically or minimally invasively inserted within a human body in order to carry out a variety of monitoring and/or therapeutic functions. For example, the electrical circuit 112, 212, 312 may include a control circuit 122, 222, 322, a biosensor 124, 224, an actuator 226, 326, andlor a transmitter 128, as explained in application Serial No. 09/690,015, incorporated by reference above. The implant 210, 310 may be configured for providing one or more therapeutic functions, fox example, to activate and/or control a therapeutic device implanted within a patient's body, such as an atrial defibrillator or pacemaker, a pain relief stimulator, a neuro-stimulator, a drug delivery device, and/or a light source used for photodynamic therapy.
Alternatively, the implant may be used to monitor a radiation dose including ionizing, magnetic and/or acoustic radiation, to monitor flow in a bypass graft, to produce cell oxygenation and membrane electroporation, and the like. In addition or alternatively, the implant I I O may be used to measure one or more physiological parameters within the patient's body, such as pressure, temperature, electrical impedance, position, strain, pH, and the like.
The implant may operate in one of two modes, a "sleep" or "passive" mode when the implant remains dormant and not in use, i.e., when the acoustic switch 116 is open, and an "active" mode, when the acoustic switch 116 is closed, and elecfirical energy is delivered from the energy storage device 114 to the electrical circuit 112, 212, 312.
Alternatively, the implant may operate continuously or intermittently. Because the acoustic switch 116 is open in the sleep mode, there is substantially no energy consumption from the energy storage device 114, and consequently, the implant may remain in the sleep mode virtually indefinitely, i.e., until activated. Thus, an implant in accordance with the present invention may be more energy efficient and, therefore, may require a relatively small energy storage device than implants that continuously draw at least a small amount of current in their "passive" mode.
Turning to FIG. 1A, a first preferred embodiment of an implant 110 is shown in which the electrical circuit 112 includes a control circuit 122, a biosensor 124 coupled to the controller 122, and a transmitter 128 coupled to the control circuit 122.
The controller 122 may include circuitry for activating or controlling the biosensor .124, for receiving signals from the biosensor 124, and/or for processing the signals into data, for example, to be transmitted by the transmitter 128. Optionally, the electrical circuit 112 may include memory (not shown) for storing the data. The transmitter 128 may be any device capable of transmitting data from the control circuit 122 to a remote location outside the body, such as an acoustic transmitter, a radio frequency transmitter, and the like. Preferably, the control circuit 122 is coupled to the acoustic transducer 118 such that the acoustic transducer 118 may be used as a transmitter 128, as well as a receiver, instead of providing a separate transmitter.
The biosensor 124 may include one or more sensors capable of measuring physiological parameters, such as pressure, temperature, electrical impedance, position, strain, pH, fluid flow, electrochemical sensor, and the like. Thus, the biosensor 124 may generate a signal proportional to a physiological parameter that may be processed andJor relayed by the control circuit 122 to the transmitter 128, which, in turn, may generate a transmission signal to be received by a device outside the patient's body.
Data regarding the physiological parameters) may be transmitted continuously or periodically until the acoustic switch 116 is deactivated, or for a fixed predetermined time, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art.
Turning to FIG. 1B, a second preferred embodiment of an implant 210 is shown in which the electrical circuit 212 includes a control circuit 222 and an actuator 226. The actuator 226 rnay be coupled to a therapeutic device (not shown) provided in or otherwise coupled to the implant 210, such as a Iight source, a nerve stimulator, a defibrillator, an electrochemical oxidation/reduction electrode, or a valve communicating with an implanted drug reservoir (in the implant or otherwise implanted within the body in association with the implant).
When the switch 120 is closed, the control circuit 222 may activate the actuator 226 using a pre-programmed protocol, e.g., to complete a predetermined therapeutic procedure, whereupon the switch 120 may automatically open, or the controller 222 may follow a continuous or looped protocol until the switch 120 is deactivated.
Alternatively, the acoustic transducer 118 may be coupled to the control circuit 222 for communicating a new or unique set of commands to the control circuit 222. For example, a particular course of treatment for a patient having the implant 210 may be determined, such as a flow rate and duration of drug delivery, drug activation, drug production, or an energy level and duration of electrical stimulation. Acoustic signals including commands specifying this course of treatment may be transmitted from an external controller (not . shown), as described below, to the acoustic switch 116, e.g., along with or subsequent to the activation signal 100. The control circuit 222 may interpret these commands and control the actuator 226 accordingly to complete the course of treatment.
Turning to FIG. 1 C, yet another preferred embodiment of an implant 310 is shown in which the electrical circuit 312 includes a control circuit 322, a biosensor 324, and an actuator 326, all of which may be coupled to one another. This embodiment may operate similarly to the embodiments described above, e.g., to obtain data regarding one or more physiological parameters and/or to control a therapeutic device. In addition, once activated, the control circuit 322 may control the actuator 326 in response to data obtained from the biosensor 324 to control or adjust automatically a course of treatment being provided by a device connected to the actuator 326. Fox example, the actuator 326 may be coupled to an insulin pump (not shown), and the biosensor 324 may measure glucose levels within the patient's body. The control circuit 322 may control the actuator to open or close a valve on the insulin pump to adjust a rate of insulin delivery based upon glucose levels measured by the biosensor 324 in order to maintain the patient's glucose within a desired range.
Turning to FIG. 2, a preferred embodiment of a switch 400 is shown that may be incorporated into an implant in accordance with the present invention. The switch 400 includes a piezoelectric transducer, or other acoustic transducer (not shown, but generally connected to the .switch 400 at locations piezo + and piezo -), a plurality of MOSFET
transistors (Q1-Q4) and resistors (Rl-R4), and switch S1. A "load" may be coupled to the switch 400, such as one of the electrical circuits described above. In the switch's "sleep" mode, all of the MOSFET transistors (Q1-Q4) are in an off state. To maintain the off state, the gates of the transistors are biased by pull-up and pull-down resistors. The gates of N-channel transistors (Q1, Q3 & Q4) are biased to ground and the gate of P-channel transistor Q2 is biased to +3V. During this quiescent stage, switch S1 is closed and no current flows through the circuit. Therefore, although an energy storage device (not shown, but coupled between the hot post, labeled with an exemplary voltage of +3V, and ground) is connected to the switch 400, no current is being drawn therefrom since all of the transistors are quiescent.
When the acoustic transducer of the implant detects an external acoustic signal, e.g., having a particular frequency, such as the transducer's resonant frequency, the voltage on the transistor Q1 will exceed the transistor threshold voltage of about one half of a volt. Transistor Ql is thereby switched on and current flows through transistor Q1 and pull-up resistor R2. As a result of the current flow through transistor Q1, the voltage on the drain of transistor Q1 and the gate of transistor Q2 drops from +3V
substantially to zero (ground). This drop in voltage switches on the P-channel transistor Q2, which begins to conduct current through transistor Q2 and pull-down resistor R3.
As a result of the current flowing through transistor Q2, the voltage on the drain of transistor Q2 and the gates of transistors Q3 and Q4 increases from substantially zero to +3V. The increase in voltage switches on transistors Q3 and Q4. As a result, transistor Q3 begins to conduct current through resistor R4 and main switching transistor Q4 begins to conduct current through the "load," thereby switching~on the electrical circuit.
S As a result of the current flowing through transistor Q3, the gate of transistor Q2 is connected to ground through transistor Q3, irrespective of whether or not transistor Q1 . is conducting. At this stage,-~the transistors (Q2, Q3 c~ Q4) are latched to the conducting state, even if the piezoelectric voltage on transistor Q1 is subsequently reduced to zero and transistor Ql ceases to conduct. Thus, main switching transistor Q4 will remain on until switch S 1 is opened.
In order to deactivate or open the switch 400, switch S 1 must be opened, for example, while there is no acoustic excitation of the piezoelectric transducer. If this occurs, the gate of transistor Q2 increases to +3V due to pull-up resistor R2.
Transistor Q2 then switches off, thereby, in turn, switching off transistors Q3 and Q4.
At this stage, the switch 400 returns to its sleep mode, even if switch S 1 is again closed.
~ The switch 400 will only return to its active mode upon receiving a new acoustic activation signal from the piezoelectric transducer.
It should be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the above=mentioned electrical circuit is not the only possible implementation of a switch for use with the present invention. For example, the switching operation my be performed using a CMOS
circuit, which may draw less current when switched on, an electromechanical switch, and the like.
Turning to FIGS. 3 and 4, a system 410 is shown for communicating with an implant 412, such as one of those described above. Generally, the system 410 includes an external communications device or controller 414, and may include a charger 416, one or more implants 412 (only one shown for simplicity), and an external recorder, computer, or other electronic device 434.
With particular reference to FIG. 4, the external controller 414 may include a processor or other electrical circuit 418 for controlling its operation, and an energy source 420, e.g., a nonrechargeable or a rechargeable battery, coupled to the processor 418 and/or other components of the controller 414, such as a power amplifier or an oscillator (not shown). In addition, the controller 414 may include one or more acoustic transducers 422 that are configured for converting between electrical energy and acoustic energy, similar to those described above. As shown, a single acoustic transducer 422 is provided that may corrimunicate using acoustic telemetry, i.e., capable both of converting electrical energy to acoustic energy to transmit acoustic signals, and converting acoustic energy to electrical energy to receive acoustic signals, as explained furtherbelow.
Alternatively, separate and/or multiple acoustic transducers may be provided for transmitting and receiving acoustic signals.
In a preferred embodiment, the controller 414 also includes memory 424 coupled to the processor 418, e.g., for storing data provided to the controller 414, as explained further below. The memory 424 may be a temporary buffer that holds data before transfer to another device, or non-volatile memory capable of storing the data substantially indefinitely, e.g., until extracted by the processor 418 or other electronic device. For example, the memory 424 may be a memory card or an eprom (not shown) built into the controller 414 or otherwise coupled to the processor 418. The controller 414 may also include an interface 426, such as a lead or connector, or a transmitter and/or receiver, that may communicate with the external electronic device, as explained further below.
Preferably, the controller 414 is carried by a patch 415 that may be~secured to a patient, e.g., to the patient's skin 92. For example, the patch 415 may include one or more layers of substantially flexible material to which the controller 414 andlor its individual components are attached. The patch 415 may include a single flexible membrane (not shown) to which the controller 414 is bonded or otherwise attached, e.g., using a substantially permanent adhesive, which may facilitate the patch 415 conforming to a patient's anatomy. Alternatively, the controller 414 may be secured between layers of material, e.g., within a pouch or other compartment (not shown) within the patch 415.
For example, the patch 415 may include a pair of membranes (not shown) defining the pouch or compartment. The space within which the controller 414 is disposed may be filled with material to acoustically couple the acoustic transducers) (formed, for example, from PZT, composite PZT, Quartz, PVDF, and/or other piezoelectric material) of the controller 414 to an outer surface of the patch 41 S. Alternatively, the acoustic transducers) may be exposed, e.g., in a window formed in a wall of the patch 415.
The patch 415 may be formed from a flexible piezoelectric material, such as PVDF or a PVDF copolymer. Such polymers may allow the patch 415 to produce ultrasonic waves, as well as allowing the controller 414 to be secured to the patient's skin 92. Thus, the wall of the patch 415 itself may provide an acoustic transducer for the controller 414, i.e., for transmitting acoustic energyto and/or receiving acoustic energy from the implant 412.
The patch 415 may then be secured to the patient's skin 92 using a material, such as a layer of adhesive (not shown), substantially permanently affixed or otherwise provided on a surface of the patch. The adhesive may be hydrogel, silicon, polyurethane, polyethylene, polypropylene, fluorocarbon polymer, and the like.
Alternatively, a separate adhesive may be applied to the patch 415 and/or to the patient's skin 92 before applying the patch 415 in order to secure the controller 414 to the patient's skin 92. Such an adhesive may enhance acoustically coupling of the acoustic transducers) of the controller 414 to the patient's skin 92, and consequently to the implant 412 within the patient's body 94. Optionally, additional wetting material, including water, silicone oil, silicone gel, hydrogel, and the like, and/or other acoustically conductive material may be provided' between the patch 415 or the acoustic transducer 422, and the patient's skin 92, e.g., to provide substantial continuity and minimize reflection or other losses and/or to secure the patch 415 to the patient.
Alternatively, the controller 414 may be carried by a belt (not shown) that may be secured around the patient, e.g., such that the acoustic transducer 422 is secured against the patient's skin. The belt may carry other components of the system 410, e.g., an external power supply for the controller 414. For example, a battery pack (not shown) may be carried by the belt that may be coupled to the controller 414 for providing electrical energy for its operation.
The patch 415 may be relatively light and compact, for example, having a maximum surface dimension (e.g., width or height) not more than about ten to two hundred millimeters (10-200 mm), a thickness not more than about five to one hundred millimeters (5-100 mm), and a weight not more than about twenty to four hundred grams (20-400 g), such that the controller 414 may be inconspicuously attached to the patient.
Thus, the patient may be able to resume normal physical activity, without substantial impairment from the controller. Yet, the internal energy source of the controller 414 may be sufficiently large to communicate with the implant 412 for an extended period of time, e.g., for hours or days, without requiring recharging or continuous coupling to a separate energy solace.
The system 410 may be used to control, energize, and/or otherwise communicate with the implant 412. For example, the controller 414 may be used to activate the implant 412. Qne or more external acoustic energy waves or signals 430 may be transmitted from the controller 414 into the patient's body 94, e.g., generally towards the location of the implant 412 until the signal is received by the acoustic transducer (not shown in FIGS. 3 and 4) of the implant 412. Upon excitation by the acoustic waves) 43Q, the acoustic transducer produces an electrical output that is used to close, open, or otherwise activate the switch (also not shown in FIGS. 3 and 4) of the implant 412.
Preferably, in order to achieve reliable switching, the acoustic transducer of the implant 412 is configured to generate a voltage of at least several tenths of a volt upon excitation that may be used as an activation signal to close the switch, as described above.
As a safety measure against false positives (e.g., erroneous activation ~or deactivation), the controller 414 may be configured to direct its acoustic transducer 422 to transmit an initiation signal followed by a confirmation signal. When the acoustic transducer of the implant 412 receives these signals, the electrical circuit may monitor the signals fox a proper sequence of signals, thereby ensuring that the acoustic switch of the implant 412 only closes upon receiving the proper initiation and confirmation signals.
For example, the acoustic switch may only acknowledge an activation signal that includes a first pulse followed by a second pulse separated by a predetermined delay.
Use of a confirmation signal may be particularly important for certain applications, for example, to prevent unintentional release of drugs by a drug delivery implant.
In addition to an activation signal, the controller 414 may transmit a second acoustic signal that may be the same as or different than the acoustic waves) used to activate the acoustic switch of the implant 412. Thus, the switch may be opened when the acoustic transducer of the implant 412 receives this second acoustic signal, e.g., by the acoustic transducer generating a'termination signal in response to the second acoustic signal, in order to return the implant 412 to its sleep mode.
For example, once activated, the switch may remain closed indefinitely, e.g., until the energy storage device (not shown in FIGS. 3 and 4) of the implant 412 is completely depleted, falls below a predetermined threshold, or until a termination signal is received by the acoustic transducer of the implant 412 from the controller 414.
Alternatively, the acoustic switch of the implant 412 may include a timer (not shown), such that the switch remains closed only for a predetermined time, whereupon the switch may automatically open, returning the implant 412 to its sleep mode.
FIG. 5 shows an alternative embodiment of an implant 510 that does not include an acoustic switch. Generally, the implant includes a sensor 512, one or more energy transducers 514, one or more energy storage devices 516, and a control circuit 518, similar to the embodiments described above. The sensor 512 is preferably a pressure sensor for measuring intra-body pressure, such as an absolute variable capacitance type pressure sensor. In alternative embodiments, one or more other sensors may be provided instead of or in addition to a pressure sensor 512. For example, the sensor 512 may include one or more biosensors capable of measuring physiological parameters,.such as temperature, electrical impedance, position, strain, pH, fluid flow, and the like. An external controller (not shown), such as that described above, may also be used to communicate with this implant.
Returning to FIG. 3, an external controller 414 in accordance with the present invention preferably has only sufficient power.to control its own operation and to communicate with the implant 412. Because of its limited energy requirements, the controller 414 may be relatively small and portable, e.g., may be attached to the patient, while still allowing the patient to engage in normal physical activity. The controller 414 may be used to communicate with the implant 412, e.g., periodically activating or deactivating the implant 412, andlor recording data generated and transmitted by the implant 412. Because it is located outside the patient's,body, the controller 414 may be more easily programmed or reprogrammed than the implant 412 itself, and/or may be repaired or replaced if necessary or desired.
In addition to the external controller 414, the system 4'10 may include one or more electronic devices 434 that may be coupled to the controller 414 via the interface 426, such as a recorder, a computer, a personal digital assistant, and/or a wireless device, such as a cellular telephone. The electronic device 434 may be directly coupled to the controller 414, by a connector or lead (not shown) extending from the patch 415 within which the controller 414 is provided. Alternatively, the controller 414 and/or patch 415 may include a wireless transmitter and/or receiver (not shown), e.g., a short-range RF
transceiver, for communicating with the electronic device 434.
The electronic device 434 may be used to extract data from the memory 424 of the controller 414, e.g., sensor data and the like, received from the implant 412. This data may be included in a patient database maintained by health care professionals monitoring the patient receiving the implant 412. In addition, the electronic device 434 may be used to program the controller 414, e.g., to program commands, timing sequences, and the like.
The system 410 may also include an external charger 418. For example, the implant 412 may include a rechargeable energy storage device (not shown in FIG. 3), preferably one or more capacitors, that are coupled to the acoustic transducer (also not shown in FIG. 3). The charger 416 may include a probe 428, including an acoustic transducer 430 for contacting a patient's skin 92. The charger 416 also includes a source of electrical energy 432, such as a radio frequency (RF) generator, that is coupled to the acoustic transducer 430. The charger 418 may also include electrical circuits for controlling its operation and buttons or other controls (not shown) for activating and/or deactivating the acoustic transducer 430.
The charger 418 may be used to charge or recharge the implant, e.g., periodically or before each activation. Because the charger 418 includes a substantially more powerful energy source than the controller 414, the charger 418 is generally a relatively bulky device compared to the controller 414, in particular due to the energy generator, which may be stationary or of limited mobility. In addition, the charger 418 may be used to recharge the controller 414 periodically, e.g., by a direct or wireless coupling.
Alternatively, the controller 414 and patch 415 may be disposable, e.g., after its energy has been depleted, and replaced with another.
For puxposes of comparison, an exemplary charger 416 may~need to generate about ten kiloPascals (10 kPa) of acoustic energy for about twenty seconds (20.sec.) in order to fully charge the implant 412. In contrast, an exemplary controller 414 may be limited to outputting relatively smaller bursts of acoustic energy for communicating with, but not charging, the implant 412. Such acoustic signals may have a duration of as little as about one millisecond (1 ms), as opposed to the significantly longer charging signals generated by the charger 416.
The transducer 422 of the controller 414 may consume about one Watt (1 W) of power to produce a 1 kPa acoustic signal for about one millisecond. If the controll er 414 communicates with the implant 412 on an hourly basis, the energy source 420 of the controller 418 may only need sufficient capacity to provide 0.024 Watt seconds per day (0.024 W.sec./day). Because of this low energy requirement, the energy source 420, and, consequently, the controller 418, may be relatively compact and portable, as compared to the charger 416. Thus, the energy source 420 may be self contained within the controller 418, i.e., carried by the patch 415. Alternatively, a portable energy source, e.g., an external battery pack (not shown) may be provided for supplying electrical energy to the controller 418 that may be carried by the patient, e.g., on a belt (not shown).
In an alternative embodiment, the controller and charger may be provided as a single device (not shown), e.g., including one or more acoustic transducers and/or one or more processors for performing the functions of both devices, as described above. In this embodiment, the implant 412 may operate in a "half duplex" mode, a quasi-continuous mode, or in a "full-duplex" mode, as described in the applications incorporated above.
It will be appreciated that the above descriptions are intended only to serve as examples, and that many other embodiments are possible within the spirit and the scope of the present invention.
Claims (38)
1. A system for activating an implant within a body, comprising:
an external controller for contacting an exterior surface of a patient's body, the controller comprising a first acoustic transducer for transmitting a first acoustic signal into the patient's body, and an energy source for powering the first acoustic transducer;
and an implant for placement within the patient's body, the implant comprising an electrical circuit configured for performing one or more commands when the implant is activated, an energy storage device, a switch coupled to the electrical circuit and the energy storage device, and a second acoustic transducer coupled to the switch, the second acoustic transducer configured for receiving the first acoustic signal from the first acoustic transducer, the switch being closed in response to the first acoustic signal to allow current flow from the energy storage device to the electrical circuit.
an external controller for contacting an exterior surface of a patient's body, the controller comprising a first acoustic transducer for transmitting a first acoustic signal into the patient's body, and an energy source for powering the first acoustic transducer;
and an implant for placement within the patient's body, the implant comprising an electrical circuit configured for performing one or more commands when the implant is activated, an energy storage device, a switch coupled to the electrical circuit and the energy storage device, and a second acoustic transducer coupled to the switch, the second acoustic transducer configured for receiving the first acoustic signal from the first acoustic transducer, the switch being closed in response to the first acoustic signal to allow current flow from the energy storage device to the electrical circuit.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the first acoustic transducer is configured for transmitting first and second acoustic signals separated by a predetermined delay, and wherein the switch is configured to close only when the second acoustic transducer receives the first and second acoustic signals separated by the predetermined delay.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller comprises a processor for controlling the first acoustic transducer to transmit one of a first acoustic signal and a second acoustic signal, and wherein the switch is closed when the first acoustic signal is received by the second acoustic transducer, and the switch being opened when the second acoustic signal is received by the second acoustic transducer for discontinuing current flow from the energy storage device to the electrical circuit.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the implant further comprises a sensor coupled to the electrical circuit, and wherein the one or more commands comprises measuring a physiological parameter within the body using the sensor.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein the second acoustic transmitter is configured for transmitting a second acoustic signal comprising sensor data indicative of the physiological parameter to the controller, and the first acoustic transducer is configured for receiving the second acoustic signal from the implant.
6. The system of claim 5, wherein the controller further comprises memory for storing the sensor data.
7. The system of claim 5, wherein the controller comprises a processor for extracting the sensor data from the second acoustic signal.
8. The system of claim 5, wherein the controller comprises an interface for transferring the sensor data to an external electronic device separate from the controller.
9. The system of claim 1, further comprising a therapeutic device coupled to the electrical circuit, the electrical circuit being configured for controlling the therapeutic device in response to the physiological parameter measured by the sensor.
10. The system of claim 1, wherein the energy storage device comprises a rechargeable device, and wherein the system further comprises an external charger configured for placement against an exterior surface of the patient's body, the charger comprising a source of electrical energy, and a third acoustic transducer for converting electrical energy from the source of electrical energy into acoustic energy and transmitting a second acoustic signal comprising the acoustic energy into the patient's body.
11. The system of claim 10, wherein the second acoustic transducer is configured fox converting the second acoustic signal into electrical energy for recharging the energy storage device.
12. The system of claim 1, further comprising an adhesive for securing the controller to an exterior surface of a patient's body.
13. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller is carried by a patch attachable to the patient's skin.
14. The system of claim 1, wherein the implant further comprises an actuator coupled to the electrical circuit, and wherein the one or more commands comprises activating the actuator to control a therapeutic device coupled to the actuator.
15. An apparatus for communicating with an implant located within a patient's body, the implant including one or more acoustic transducers configured for communicating using acoustic telemetry, comprising:
one or more acoustic transducers for converting between electrical energy and acoustic energy;
a controller coupled to the one or more acoustic transducers such that the one or more acoustic transducers are configured for at least one of transmitting acoustic signals to and receiving acoustic signals from within the patient's body to communicate with the implant;
an energy storage device for providing electrical energy to at least one of the controller and the one or more acoustic transducers; and means for securing the one or more acoustic transducers to an exterior surface of a patient's body.
one or more acoustic transducers for converting between electrical energy and acoustic energy;
a controller coupled to the one or more acoustic transducers such that the one or more acoustic transducers are configured for at least one of transmitting acoustic signals to and receiving acoustic signals from within the patient's body to communicate with the implant;
an energy storage device for providing electrical energy to at least one of the controller and the one or more acoustic transducers; and means for securing the one or more acoustic transducers to an exterior surface of a patient's body.
16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein at least one of the acoustic transducers is configured for receiving acoustic signals from the implant within the patient's body.
17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the one or more acoustic transducers comprise a single acoustic transducer configured for transmitting acoustic signals to and receiving acoustic signals from the implant.
18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the controller comprises a processor for extracting data from acoustic signals received from the implant, and memory for storing the extracted data.
19. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the controller comprises an interface for transferring the extracted data to an external electronic device.
20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the interface comprises at least one of a connector, a lead, and a wireless transmitter.
21. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the means for securing comprises a flexible membrane carrying the one or more transducers, the controller, and the energy storage device.
22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the flexible membrane comprises a patch attachable to a patient's skin.
23. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the flexible membrane comprises a layer of adhesive thereon for securing the flexible membrane to a patient's skin.
24. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the means for securing comprises an adhesive.
25. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the adhesive comprises at least one of hydrogel, silicon, polyurethane, polyethylene, polypropylene, and fluorocarbon polymer.
26. The apparatus of claim 16, further comprising an external charger configured for placement against an exterior surface of the patient's body, the charger comprising a source of electrical energy, and an acoustic transducer for converting electrical energy from the source of electrical energy into acoustic energy and transmitting the acoustic energy into the patient's body for energizing an energy storage device in the implant.
27. A method for communicating with an implant located within a patient's body, the implant comprising an acoustic transducer configured for communicating using acoustic telemetry, the method comprising:
securing a portable communications device in contact with an exterior surface of the patient's body, the communications device comprising one or more acoustic transducers, and an energy storage device for providing electrical energy to operate the communications device; and communicating with the implant using the one or more acoustic transducers.
securing a portable communications device in contact with an exterior surface of the patient's body, the communications device comprising one or more acoustic transducers, and an energy storage device for providing electrical energy to operate the communications device; and communicating with the implant using the one or more acoustic transducers.
28. The method of claim 27, wherein the communicating step comprises transmitting one or more acoustic signals from the communications device into the patient's body, the one or more acoustic signals comprising a command for controlling operation of the implant.
29. The method of claim 28,wherein the command comprises measuring a physiological parameter within the body.
30. The method of claim 28, wherein the command comprises controlling a therapeutic device coupled to the implant.
31. The method of claim 27, wherein the communicating step comprises receiving one or more acoustic signals from the implant, the one or more acoustic signals comprising data indicative of a physiological parameter measured by the implant.
32. The method of claim 31, further comprising extracting data from the one or more acoustic signals received from the implant.
33. The method of claim 32, further comprising storing the extracted data in memory of the communications device.
34. The method of claim 32, further comprising transferring the extracted data to an electronic device external to the patient's body.
35. The method of claim 31, further comprising charging the energy storage device with an energy source located outside the patient's body.
36. The method of claim 34, wherein the energy source comprises a charger that is separate from the communications device.
37. The method of claim 27, wherein the communications device comprises a patch carrying the one or more acoustic transducers, and wherein the securing step comprises securing the patch to the exterior surface of the patient's body.
38. The method of claim 37, wherein the one or more acoustic transducers are acoustically coupled to the patient's body when the patch is secured to the exterior surface of the patient's body.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/989,912 | 2001-11-19 | ||
US09/989,912 US7024248B2 (en) | 2000-10-16 | 2001-11-19 | Systems and methods for communicating with implantable devices |
PCT/IB2002/004789 WO2003043688A1 (en) | 2001-11-19 | 2002-11-16 | Systems and methods for communicating with implantable devices |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA2463293A1 true CA2463293A1 (en) | 2003-05-30 |
Family
ID=25535575
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA002463293A Abandoned CA2463293A1 (en) | 2001-11-19 | 2002-11-16 | Systems and methods for communicating with implantable devices |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (4) | US7024248B2 (en) |
EP (2) | EP1446188B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE472345T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2002347447A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2463293A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE60236884D1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2003043688A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (478)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6036924A (en) | 1997-12-04 | 2000-03-14 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Cassette of lancet cartridges for sampling blood |
US20030036746A1 (en) | 2001-08-16 | 2003-02-20 | Avi Penner | Devices for intrabody delivery of molecules and systems and methods utilizing same |
US6391005B1 (en) | 1998-03-30 | 2002-05-21 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Apparatus and method for penetration with shaft having a sensor for sensing penetration depth |
US7283874B2 (en) | 2000-10-16 | 2007-10-16 | Remon Medical Technologies Ltd. | Acoustically powered implantable stimulating device |
US7198603B2 (en) * | 2003-04-14 | 2007-04-03 | Remon Medical Technologies, Inc. | Apparatus and methods using acoustic telemetry for intrabody communications |
US7024248B2 (en) * | 2000-10-16 | 2006-04-04 | Remon Medical Technologies Ltd | Systems and methods for communicating with implantable devices |
US6764446B2 (en) | 2000-10-16 | 2004-07-20 | Remon Medical Technologies Ltd | Implantable pressure sensors and methods for making and using them |
US8641644B2 (en) | 2000-11-21 | 2014-02-04 | Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh | Blood testing apparatus having a rotatable cartridge with multiple lancing elements and testing means |
US7197759B2 (en) * | 2001-05-14 | 2007-03-27 | Webtv Networks, Inc. | Electronic program guide displayed simultaneously with television programming |
EP1404233B1 (en) | 2001-06-12 | 2009-12-02 | Pelikan Technologies Inc. | Self optimizing lancing device with adaptation means to temporal variations in cutaneous properties |
US7682318B2 (en) | 2001-06-12 | 2010-03-23 | Pelikan Technologies, Inc. | Blood sampling apparatus and method |
US9427532B2 (en) | 2001-06-12 | 2016-08-30 | Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh | Tissue penetration device |
US7025774B2 (en) | 2001-06-12 | 2006-04-11 | Pelikan Technologies, Inc. | Tissue penetration device |
US9226699B2 (en) | 2002-04-19 | 2016-01-05 | Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh | Body fluid sampling module with a continuous compression tissue interface surface |
EP1404235A4 (en) | 2001-06-12 | 2008-08-20 | Pelikan Technologies Inc | Method and apparatus for lancet launching device integrated onto a blood-sampling cartridge |
ATE497731T1 (en) | 2001-06-12 | 2011-02-15 | Pelikan Technologies Inc | DEVICE FOR INCREASING THE SUCCESS RATE OF BLOOD YIELD OBTAINED BY A FINGER PICK |
US9795747B2 (en) | 2010-06-02 | 2017-10-24 | Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh | Methods and apparatus for lancet actuation |
US7981056B2 (en) | 2002-04-19 | 2011-07-19 | Pelikan Technologies, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for lancet actuation |
JP4149911B2 (en) | 2001-06-12 | 2008-09-17 | ペリカン テクノロジーズ インコーポレイテッド | Electric lancet actuator |
US8337419B2 (en) | 2002-04-19 | 2012-12-25 | Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh | Tissue penetration device |
US7047076B1 (en) | 2001-08-03 | 2006-05-16 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Inverted-F antenna configuration for an implantable medical device |
US7983759B2 (en) | 2002-12-18 | 2011-07-19 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Advanced patient management for reporting multiple health-related parameters |
US20040122294A1 (en) | 2002-12-18 | 2004-06-24 | John Hatlestad | Advanced patient management with environmental data |
US20040122296A1 (en) * | 2002-12-18 | 2004-06-24 | John Hatlestad | Advanced patient management for triaging health-related data |
US8043213B2 (en) * | 2002-12-18 | 2011-10-25 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Advanced patient management for triaging health-related data using color codes |
US8391989B2 (en) | 2002-12-18 | 2013-03-05 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Advanced patient management for defining, identifying and using predetermined health-related events |
US7468032B2 (en) | 2002-12-18 | 2008-12-23 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Advanced patient management for identifying, displaying and assisting with correlating health-related data |
US20040122487A1 (en) | 2002-12-18 | 2004-06-24 | John Hatlestad | Advanced patient management with composite parameter indices |
US20040122486A1 (en) * | 2002-12-18 | 2004-06-24 | Stahmann Jeffrey E. | Advanced patient management for acquiring, trending and displaying health-related parameters |
US7043305B2 (en) | 2002-03-06 | 2006-05-09 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Method and apparatus for establishing context among events and optimizing implanted medical device performance |
US7371247B2 (en) | 2002-04-19 | 2008-05-13 | Pelikan Technologies, Inc | Method and apparatus for penetrating tissue |
US7297122B2 (en) | 2002-04-19 | 2007-11-20 | Pelikan Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for penetrating tissue |
US7226461B2 (en) | 2002-04-19 | 2007-06-05 | Pelikan Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for a multi-use body fluid sampling device with sterility barrier release |
US8579831B2 (en) | 2002-04-19 | 2013-11-12 | Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh | Method and apparatus for penetrating tissue |
US7547287B2 (en) | 2002-04-19 | 2009-06-16 | Pelikan Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for penetrating tissue |
US9795334B2 (en) | 2002-04-19 | 2017-10-24 | Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh | Method and apparatus for penetrating tissue |
US8267870B2 (en) | 2002-04-19 | 2012-09-18 | Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh | Method and apparatus for body fluid sampling with hybrid actuation |
US9248267B2 (en) | 2002-04-19 | 2016-02-02 | Sanofi-Aventis Deustchland Gmbh | Tissue penetration device |
US7674232B2 (en) | 2002-04-19 | 2010-03-09 | Pelikan Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for penetrating tissue |
US7717863B2 (en) | 2002-04-19 | 2010-05-18 | Pelikan Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for penetrating tissue |
US7491178B2 (en) | 2002-04-19 | 2009-02-17 | Pelikan Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for penetrating tissue |
US7892183B2 (en) | 2002-04-19 | 2011-02-22 | Pelikan Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for body fluid sampling and analyte sensing |
US7648468B2 (en) | 2002-04-19 | 2010-01-19 | Pelikon Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for penetrating tissue |
US7232451B2 (en) | 2002-04-19 | 2007-06-19 | Pelikan Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for penetrating tissue |
US7229458B2 (en) | 2002-04-19 | 2007-06-12 | Pelikan Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for penetrating tissue |
US7291117B2 (en) | 2002-04-19 | 2007-11-06 | Pelikan Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for penetrating tissue |
US7909778B2 (en) | 2002-04-19 | 2011-03-22 | Pelikan Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for penetrating tissue |
US8702624B2 (en) | 2006-09-29 | 2014-04-22 | Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh | Analyte measurement device with a single shot actuator |
US7901362B2 (en) | 2002-04-19 | 2011-03-08 | Pelikan Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for penetrating tissue |
US9314194B2 (en) | 2002-04-19 | 2016-04-19 | Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh | Tissue penetration device |
US8784335B2 (en) | 2002-04-19 | 2014-07-22 | Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh | Body fluid sampling device with a capacitive sensor |
US8221334B2 (en) | 2002-04-19 | 2012-07-17 | Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh | Method and apparatus for penetrating tissue |
US7331931B2 (en) | 2002-04-19 | 2008-02-19 | Pelikan Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for penetrating tissue |
US7175642B2 (en) | 2002-04-19 | 2007-02-13 | Pelikan Technologies, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for lancet actuation |
US7976476B2 (en) | 2002-04-19 | 2011-07-12 | Pelikan Technologies, Inc. | Device and method for variable speed lancet |
CA2508800A1 (en) | 2002-12-11 | 2004-06-24 | Proteus Biomedical, Inc. | Method and system for monitoring and treating hemodynamic parameters |
US8574895B2 (en) | 2002-12-30 | 2013-11-05 | Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh | Method and apparatus using optical techniques to measure analyte levels |
US7378955B2 (en) * | 2003-01-03 | 2008-05-27 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | System and method for correlating biometric trends with a related temporal event |
EP1585442A4 (en) * | 2003-01-24 | 2006-04-26 | Proteus Biomedical Inc | Method and system for remote hemodynamic monitoring |
EP1585575A4 (en) | 2003-01-24 | 2011-02-09 | Proteus Biomedical Inc | Methods and apparatus for enhancing cardiac pacing |
US7204798B2 (en) * | 2003-01-24 | 2007-04-17 | Proteus Biomedical, Inc. | Methods and systems for measuring cardiac parameters |
US7850621B2 (en) | 2003-06-06 | 2010-12-14 | Pelikan Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for body fluid sampling and analyte sensing |
WO2006001797A1 (en) | 2004-06-14 | 2006-01-05 | Pelikan Technologies, Inc. | Low pain penetrating |
EP1671096A4 (en) | 2003-09-29 | 2009-09-16 | Pelikan Technologies Inc | Method and apparatus for an improved sample capture device |
WO2005037095A1 (en) | 2003-10-14 | 2005-04-28 | Pelikan Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for a variable user interface |
US7334582B2 (en) * | 2003-10-31 | 2008-02-26 | Medtronic, Inc. | Electronic valve reader |
US8668656B2 (en) | 2003-12-31 | 2014-03-11 | Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh | Method and apparatus for improving fluidic flow and sample capture |
US7822454B1 (en) | 2005-01-03 | 2010-10-26 | Pelikan Technologies, Inc. | Fluid sampling device with improved analyte detecting member configuration |
WO2005067817A1 (en) * | 2004-01-13 | 2005-07-28 | Remon Medical Technologies Ltd | Devices for fixing a sensor in a body lumen |
US7471986B2 (en) * | 2004-02-20 | 2008-12-30 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | System and method for transmitting energy to and establishing a communications network with one or more implanted devices |
US7751894B1 (en) * | 2004-03-04 | 2010-07-06 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Systems and methods for indicating aberrant behavior detected by an implanted medical device |
US7333013B2 (en) * | 2004-05-07 | 2008-02-19 | Berger J Lee | Medical implant device with RFID tag and method of identification of device |
EP1751546A2 (en) | 2004-05-20 | 2007-02-14 | Albatros Technologies GmbH & Co. KG | Printable hydrogel for biosensors |
WO2005120365A1 (en) | 2004-06-03 | 2005-12-22 | Pelikan Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for a fluid sampling device |
US7794499B2 (en) | 2004-06-08 | 2010-09-14 | Theken Disc, L.L.C. | Prosthetic intervertebral spinal disc with integral microprocessor |
US7610092B2 (en) * | 2004-12-21 | 2009-10-27 | Ebr Systems, Inc. | Leadless tissue stimulation systems and methods |
US7765001B2 (en) * | 2005-08-31 | 2010-07-27 | Ebr Systems, Inc. | Methods and systems for heart failure prevention and treatments using ultrasound and leadless implantable devices |
US7489967B2 (en) * | 2004-07-09 | 2009-02-10 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Method and apparatus of acoustic communication for implantable medical device |
US7743151B2 (en) * | 2004-08-05 | 2010-06-22 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | System and method for providing digital data communications over a wireless intra-body network |
EP1799101A4 (en) * | 2004-09-02 | 2008-11-19 | Proteus Biomedical Inc | Methods and apparatus for tissue activation and monitoring |
EP1763860A4 (en) * | 2004-09-03 | 2012-11-07 | Semiconductor Energy Lab | Health data collecting system and semiconductor device |
US20060064134A1 (en) * | 2004-09-17 | 2006-03-23 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Systems and methods for deriving relative physiologic measurements |
US20060064133A1 (en) * | 2004-09-17 | 2006-03-23 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | System and method for deriving relative physiologic measurements using an external computing device |
WO2006105474A2 (en) * | 2005-03-31 | 2006-10-05 | Proteus Biomedical, Inc. | Automated optimization of multi-electrode pacing for cardiac resynchronization |
EP1838210B1 (en) * | 2004-11-24 | 2010-10-13 | Remon Medical Technologies Ltd. | Implantable medical device with integrated acoustic transducer |
US7813808B1 (en) | 2004-11-24 | 2010-10-12 | Remon Medical Technologies Ltd | Implanted sensor system with optimized operational and sensing parameters |
US20060122522A1 (en) * | 2004-12-03 | 2006-06-08 | Abhi Chavan | Devices and methods for positioning and anchoring implantable sensor devices |
US7558631B2 (en) * | 2004-12-21 | 2009-07-07 | Ebr Systems, Inc. | Leadless tissue stimulation systems and methods |
US7606621B2 (en) * | 2004-12-21 | 2009-10-20 | Ebr Systems, Inc. | Implantable transducer devices |
US8652831B2 (en) | 2004-12-30 | 2014-02-18 | Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh | Method and apparatus for analyte measurement test time |
US10390714B2 (en) | 2005-01-12 | 2019-08-27 | Remon Medical Technologies, Ltd. | Devices for fixing a sensor in a lumen |
US7545272B2 (en) | 2005-02-08 | 2009-06-09 | Therasense, Inc. | RF tag on test strips, test strip vials and boxes |
US20070007285A1 (en) * | 2005-03-31 | 2007-01-11 | Mingui Sun | Energy delivery method and apparatus using volume conduction for medical applications |
DE102005014573A1 (en) * | 2005-03-31 | 2006-10-12 | Stryker Trauma Gmbh | Data transmission system in connection with an implant |
EP3827747A1 (en) | 2005-04-28 | 2021-06-02 | Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | Pharma-informatics system |
US8912908B2 (en) | 2005-04-28 | 2014-12-16 | Proteus Digital Health, Inc. | Communication system with remote activation |
US8836513B2 (en) | 2006-04-28 | 2014-09-16 | Proteus Digital Health, Inc. | Communication system incorporated in an ingestible product |
US8802183B2 (en) | 2005-04-28 | 2014-08-12 | Proteus Digital Health, Inc. | Communication system with enhanced partial power source and method of manufacturing same |
US8730031B2 (en) | 2005-04-28 | 2014-05-20 | Proteus Digital Health, Inc. | Communication system using an implantable device |
US9198608B2 (en) | 2005-04-28 | 2015-12-01 | Proteus Digital Health, Inc. | Communication system incorporated in a container |
US8095123B2 (en) * | 2005-06-13 | 2012-01-10 | Roche Diagnostics International Ag | Wireless communication system |
AU2006262287A1 (en) | 2005-06-21 | 2007-01-04 | Cardiomems, Inc. | Method of manufacturing implantable wireless sensor for in vivo pressure measurement |
US20070006887A1 (en) * | 2005-07-08 | 2007-01-11 | Med-Track Partners Llc | Tracking system for prosthetic and implantable devices |
WO2007021804A2 (en) * | 2005-08-12 | 2007-02-22 | Proteus Biomedical, Inc. | Evaluation of depolarization wave conduction velocity |
US7570998B2 (en) * | 2005-08-26 | 2009-08-04 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Acoustic communication transducer in implantable medical device header |
US7615012B2 (en) * | 2005-08-26 | 2009-11-10 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Broadband acoustic sensor for an implantable medical device |
US8027727B2 (en) | 2005-08-29 | 2011-09-27 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Pacemaker RF telemetry repeater and method |
JP5714210B2 (en) | 2005-09-01 | 2015-05-07 | プロテウス デジタル ヘルス, インコーポレイテッド | Implantable wireless communication system |
US7742815B2 (en) | 2005-09-09 | 2010-06-22 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Using implanted sensors for feedback control of implanted medical devices |
US8649875B2 (en) | 2005-09-10 | 2014-02-11 | Artann Laboratories Inc. | Systems for remote generation of electrical signal in tissue based on time-reversal acoustics |
US7702392B2 (en) * | 2005-09-12 | 2010-04-20 | Ebr Systems, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for determining cardiac stimulation sites using hemodynamic data |
US8273071B2 (en) * | 2006-01-18 | 2012-09-25 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Remote controller for substance delivery system |
US9067047B2 (en) * | 2005-11-09 | 2015-06-30 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Injectable controlled release fluid delivery system |
US8998884B2 (en) * | 2005-11-09 | 2015-04-07 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Remote controlled in situ reaction method |
US8936590B2 (en) * | 2005-11-09 | 2015-01-20 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Acoustically controlled reaction device |
US7699834B2 (en) * | 2005-11-09 | 2010-04-20 | Searete Llc | Method and system for control of osmotic pump device |
US8083710B2 (en) * | 2006-03-09 | 2011-12-27 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Acoustically controlled substance delivery device |
US7942867B2 (en) * | 2005-11-09 | 2011-05-17 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Remotely controlled substance delivery device |
US8992511B2 (en) | 2005-11-09 | 2015-03-31 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Acoustically controlled substance delivery device |
US20070142727A1 (en) * | 2005-12-15 | 2007-06-21 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | System and method for analyzing cardiovascular pressure measurements made within a human body |
US20070170887A1 (en) * | 2005-12-15 | 2007-07-26 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Battery/capacitor charger integrated in implantable device |
US8060214B2 (en) * | 2006-01-05 | 2011-11-15 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Implantable medical device with inductive coil configurable for mechanical fixation |
US8078278B2 (en) * | 2006-01-10 | 2011-12-13 | Remon Medical Technologies Ltd. | Body attachable unit in wireless communication with implantable devices |
US20070208390A1 (en) * | 2006-03-01 | 2007-09-06 | Von Arx Jeffrey A | Implantable wireless sound sensor |
US20080140057A1 (en) * | 2006-03-09 | 2008-06-12 | Searete Llc, A Limited Liability Corporation Of State Of The Delaware | Injectable controlled release fluid delivery system |
US7744542B2 (en) * | 2006-04-20 | 2010-06-29 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Implanted air passage sensors |
US7650185B2 (en) * | 2006-04-25 | 2010-01-19 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | System and method for walking an implantable medical device from a sleep state |
JP2009544338A (en) | 2006-05-02 | 2009-12-17 | プロテウス バイオメディカル インコーポレイテッド | Treatment regimen customized to the patient |
US8968204B2 (en) * | 2006-06-12 | 2015-03-03 | Transonic Systems, Inc. | System and method of perivascular pressure and flow measurement |
US20080015494A1 (en) * | 2006-07-11 | 2008-01-17 | Microchips, Inc. | Multi-reservoir pump device for dialysis, biosensing, or delivery of substances |
US7949396B2 (en) * | 2006-07-21 | 2011-05-24 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Ultrasonic transducer for a metallic cavity implated medical device |
US7912548B2 (en) * | 2006-07-21 | 2011-03-22 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Resonant structures for implantable devices |
US7955268B2 (en) | 2006-07-21 | 2011-06-07 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Multiple sensor deployment |
US7908334B2 (en) * | 2006-07-21 | 2011-03-15 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | System and method for addressing implantable devices |
US20080097549A1 (en) * | 2006-09-01 | 2008-04-24 | Colbaugh Michael E | Electrode Assembly and Method of Using Same |
US8512241B2 (en) | 2006-09-06 | 2013-08-20 | Innurvation, Inc. | Methods and systems for acoustic data transmission |
WO2008030481A2 (en) * | 2006-09-06 | 2008-03-13 | Innurvation, Inc. | Imaging and locating systems and methods for a swallowable sensor device |
EP2063766B1 (en) * | 2006-09-06 | 2017-01-18 | Innurvation, Inc. | Ingestible low power sensor device and system for communicating with same |
US20080071328A1 (en) * | 2006-09-06 | 2008-03-20 | Medtronic, Inc. | Initiating medical system communications |
AU2007294526B2 (en) * | 2006-09-08 | 2011-07-07 | Cardiomems, Inc. | Physiological data acquisition and management system for use with an implanted wireless sensor |
US20080071248A1 (en) * | 2006-09-15 | 2008-03-20 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Delivery stystem for an implantable physiologic sensor |
US8676349B2 (en) * | 2006-09-15 | 2014-03-18 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Mechanism for releasably engaging an implantable medical device for implantation |
JP5156749B2 (en) * | 2006-09-15 | 2013-03-06 | カーディアック ペースメイカーズ, インコーポレイテッド | Implantable sensor anchor |
US20080077440A1 (en) * | 2006-09-26 | 2008-03-27 | Remon Medical Technologies, Ltd | Drug dispenser responsive to physiological parameters |
EP2087589B1 (en) | 2006-10-17 | 2011-11-23 | Proteus Biomedical, Inc. | Low voltage oscillator for medical devices |
EP2083680B1 (en) | 2006-10-25 | 2016-08-10 | Proteus Digital Health, Inc. | Controlled activation ingestible identifier |
WO2008057720A1 (en) * | 2006-11-08 | 2008-05-15 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Implant for securing a sensor in a vessel |
EP2069004A4 (en) | 2006-11-20 | 2014-07-09 | Proteus Digital Health Inc | Active signal processing personal health signal receivers |
US20080171941A1 (en) * | 2007-01-12 | 2008-07-17 | Huelskamp Paul J | Low power methods for pressure waveform signal sampling using implantable medical devices |
ES2930588T3 (en) | 2007-02-01 | 2022-12-19 | Otsuka Pharma Co Ltd | Ingestible Event Marker Systems |
KR101528748B1 (en) | 2007-02-14 | 2015-06-15 | 프로테우스 디지털 헬스, 인코포레이티드 | In-body power source having high surface area electrode |
US8100834B2 (en) | 2007-02-27 | 2012-01-24 | J&M Shuler, Inc. | Method and system for monitoring oxygenation levels of a compartment for detecting conditions of a compartment syndrome |
US8639309B2 (en) | 2007-07-31 | 2014-01-28 | J&M Shuler, Inc. | Method and system for monitoring oxygenation levels of compartments and tissue |
US9270025B2 (en) | 2007-03-09 | 2016-02-23 | Proteus Digital Health, Inc. | In-body device having deployable antenna |
EP2124725A1 (en) | 2007-03-09 | 2009-12-02 | Proteus Biomedical, Inc. | In-body device having a multi-directional transmitter |
US10003862B2 (en) | 2007-03-15 | 2018-06-19 | Endotronix, Inc. | Wireless sensor reader |
US8570186B2 (en) | 2011-04-25 | 2013-10-29 | Endotronix, Inc. | Wireless sensor reader |
US8154389B2 (en) | 2007-03-15 | 2012-04-10 | Endotronix, Inc. | Wireless sensor reader |
CN104069567A (en) | 2007-03-19 | 2014-10-01 | 茵苏莱恩医药有限公司 | Drug delivery device |
US8622991B2 (en) | 2007-03-19 | 2014-01-07 | Insuline Medical Ltd. | Method and device for drug delivery |
US9220837B2 (en) | 2007-03-19 | 2015-12-29 | Insuline Medical Ltd. | Method and device for drug delivery |
US8340776B2 (en) | 2007-03-26 | 2012-12-25 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Biased acoustic switch for implantable medical device |
US8204599B2 (en) * | 2007-05-02 | 2012-06-19 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | System for anchoring an implantable sensor in a vessel |
JP2010525901A (en) * | 2007-05-04 | 2010-07-29 | アリゾナ ボード オブ リージェンツ フォー アンド オン ビハーフ オブ アリゾナ ステイト ユニバーシティ | System and method for wireless transmission of biopotentials |
US8825161B1 (en) | 2007-05-17 | 2014-09-02 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Acoustic transducer for an implantable medical device |
US20080283066A1 (en) * | 2007-05-17 | 2008-11-20 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Delivery device for implantable sensors |
US8718773B2 (en) | 2007-05-23 | 2014-05-06 | Ebr Systems, Inc. | Optimizing energy transmission in a leadless tissue stimulation system |
US8115618B2 (en) | 2007-05-24 | 2012-02-14 | Proteus Biomedical, Inc. | RFID antenna for in-body device |
WO2008156981A2 (en) * | 2007-06-14 | 2008-12-24 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Multi-element acoustic recharging system |
AU2008262127A1 (en) * | 2007-06-14 | 2008-12-18 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Intracorporeal pressure measurement devices and methods |
US8082041B1 (en) | 2007-06-15 | 2011-12-20 | Piezo Energy Technologies, LLC | Bio-implantable ultrasound energy capture and storage assembly including transmitter and receiver cooling |
US8027724B2 (en) * | 2007-08-03 | 2011-09-27 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Hypertension diagnosis and therapy using pressure sensor |
US8221323B2 (en) * | 2007-08-03 | 2012-07-17 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Using acoustic energy to compute a lung edema fluid status indication |
US20090048644A1 (en) | 2007-08-14 | 2009-02-19 | Stahmann Jeffrey E | System and method for providing intrabody data security on an active implantable medical device |
JP2010537766A (en) | 2007-09-05 | 2010-12-09 | センシブル メディカル イノヴェイションズ リミテッド | Method, system, and apparatus for using electromagnetic radiation to monitor a user's tissue |
US8216151B2 (en) * | 2007-09-25 | 2012-07-10 | Radi Medical Systems Ab | Pressure wire assembly |
FI2192946T3 (en) | 2007-09-25 | 2022-11-30 | In-body device with virtual dipole signal amplification | |
US9197470B2 (en) * | 2007-10-05 | 2015-11-24 | Innurvation, Inc. | Data transmission via multi-path channels using orthogonal multi-frequency signals with differential phase shift keying modulation |
US7847387B2 (en) * | 2007-11-16 | 2010-12-07 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Electrical device and method |
ES2604253T3 (en) * | 2007-11-19 | 2017-03-06 | Hollister Incorporated | Steam hydrated catheter assembly and manufacturing method |
KR101586193B1 (en) | 2007-11-27 | 2016-01-18 | 프로테우스 디지털 헬스, 인코포레이티드 | Transbody communication systems employing communication channels |
EP2231229A1 (en) | 2007-12-18 | 2010-09-29 | Insuline Medical Ltd. | Drug delivery device with sensor for closed-loop operation |
US7953493B2 (en) | 2007-12-27 | 2011-05-31 | Ebr Systems, Inc. | Optimizing size of implantable medical devices by isolating the power source |
US8041431B2 (en) * | 2008-01-07 | 2011-10-18 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | System and method for in situ trimming of oscillators in a pair of implantable medical devices |
US8915866B2 (en) * | 2008-01-18 | 2014-12-23 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Implantable sensor and associated methods |
US8301262B2 (en) * | 2008-02-06 | 2012-10-30 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Direct inductive/acoustic converter for implantable medical device |
WO2009102613A2 (en) | 2008-02-11 | 2009-08-20 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Methods of monitoring hemodynamic status for ryhthm discrimination within the heart |
WO2009102640A1 (en) | 2008-02-12 | 2009-08-20 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Systems and methods for controlling wireless signal transfers between ultrasound-enabled medical devices |
US8473069B2 (en) | 2008-02-28 | 2013-06-25 | Proteus Digital Health, Inc. | Integrated circuit implementation and fault control system, device, and method |
AU2009221781B2 (en) | 2008-03-05 | 2014-12-11 | Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | Multi-mode communication ingestible event markers and systems, and methods of using the same |
WO2009120636A1 (en) * | 2008-03-25 | 2009-10-01 | Ebr Systems, Inc. | Temporary electrode connection for wireless pacing systems |
US8364276B2 (en) * | 2008-03-25 | 2013-01-29 | Ebr Systems, Inc. | Operation and estimation of output voltage of wireless stimulators |
US8588926B2 (en) | 2008-03-25 | 2013-11-19 | Ebr Systems, Inc. | Implantable wireless accoustic stimulators with high energy conversion efficiencies |
EP2452721B1 (en) | 2008-03-25 | 2013-11-13 | EBR Systems, Inc. | Method of manufacturing implantable wireless acoustic stimulators with high energy conversion efficiency |
WO2009126900A1 (en) | 2008-04-11 | 2009-10-15 | Pelikan Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for analyte detecting device |
US8147415B2 (en) * | 2008-05-07 | 2012-04-03 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | System and method for detection of pulmonary embolism |
US20090312650A1 (en) * | 2008-06-12 | 2009-12-17 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Implantable pressure sensor with automatic measurement and storage capabilities |
WO2009158062A1 (en) * | 2008-06-27 | 2009-12-30 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Systems and methods of monitoring the acoustic coupling of medical devices |
MY154234A (en) | 2008-07-08 | 2015-05-15 | Proteus Digital Health Inc | Ingestible event marker data framework |
US8617058B2 (en) * | 2008-07-09 | 2013-12-31 | Innurvation, Inc. | Displaying image data from a scanner capsule |
JP5362828B2 (en) * | 2008-07-15 | 2013-12-11 | カーディアック ペースメイカーズ, インコーポレイテッド | Implant assist for an acoustically enabled implantable medical device |
US20100016911A1 (en) | 2008-07-16 | 2010-01-21 | Ebr Systems, Inc. | Local Lead To Improve Energy Efficiency In Implantable Wireless Acoustic Stimulators |
US20100023091A1 (en) * | 2008-07-24 | 2010-01-28 | Stahmann Jeffrey E | Acoustic communication of implantable device status |
AU2009281876B2 (en) | 2008-08-13 | 2014-05-22 | Proteus Digital Health, Inc. | Ingestible circuitry |
JP2011529722A (en) | 2008-08-14 | 2011-12-15 | カーディアック ペースメイカーズ, インコーポレイテッド | Performance evaluation and adaptation of acoustic communication links |
US10667715B2 (en) * | 2008-08-20 | 2020-06-02 | Sensible Medical Innovations Ltd. | Methods and devices of cardiac tissue monitoring and analysis |
EP2330979A4 (en) * | 2008-09-02 | 2013-10-09 | Univ Arizona | Apparatus, system, and method for ultrasound powered neurotelemetry |
US8102154B2 (en) * | 2008-09-04 | 2012-01-24 | Medtronic Minimed, Inc. | Energy source isolation and protection circuit for an electronic device |
US20100152608A1 (en) * | 2008-09-12 | 2010-06-17 | Hatlestad John D | Chronically implanted abdominal pressure sensor for continuous ambulatory assessment of renal functions |
EP2328466B1 (en) * | 2008-09-19 | 2013-12-11 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Central venous pressure sensor to control a fluid or volume overload therapy |
US20100073187A1 (en) * | 2008-09-22 | 2010-03-25 | Symbol Technologies, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for no-touch initial product deployment |
US8591423B2 (en) | 2008-10-10 | 2013-11-26 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Systems and methods for determining cardiac output using pulmonary artery pressure measurements |
US8593107B2 (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2013-11-26 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Methods and systems for recharging an implanted device by delivering a section of a charging device adjacent the implanted device within a body |
EP2355758A2 (en) | 2008-11-07 | 2011-08-17 | Insuline Medical Ltd. | Device and method for drug delivery |
KR101192690B1 (en) | 2008-11-13 | 2012-10-19 | 프로테우스 디지털 헬스, 인코포레이티드 | Ingestible therapy activator system, therapeutic device and method |
WO2010059291A1 (en) * | 2008-11-19 | 2010-05-27 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Assessment of pulmonary vascular resistance via pulmonary artery pressure |
US8055334B2 (en) | 2008-12-11 | 2011-11-08 | Proteus Biomedical, Inc. | Evaluation of gastrointestinal function using portable electroviscerography systems and methods of using the same |
US9439566B2 (en) | 2008-12-15 | 2016-09-13 | Proteus Digital Health, Inc. | Re-wearable wireless device |
TWI424832B (en) | 2008-12-15 | 2014-02-01 | Proteus Digital Health Inc | Body-associated receiver and method |
US9659423B2 (en) | 2008-12-15 | 2017-05-23 | Proteus Digital Health, Inc. | Personal authentication apparatus system and method |
WO2013012869A1 (en) | 2011-07-21 | 2013-01-24 | Proteus Digital Health, Inc. | Mobile communication device, system, and method |
JP2012514799A (en) | 2009-01-06 | 2012-06-28 | プロテウス バイオメディカル インコーポレイテッド | Methods and systems for ingestion related biofeedback and individual pharmacotherapy |
EP3395333A1 (en) | 2009-01-06 | 2018-10-31 | Proteus Digital Health, Inc. | Pharmaceutical dosages delivery system |
US9700712B2 (en) | 2009-01-26 | 2017-07-11 | Arizona Board Of Regents, A Body Corporate Of The State Of Arizona Acting For And On Behalf Of Arizona State University | Dipolar antenna system and related methods |
US9375169B2 (en) | 2009-01-30 | 2016-06-28 | Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh | Cam drive for managing disposable penetrating member actions with a single motor and motor and control system |
US8290598B2 (en) * | 2009-02-11 | 2012-10-16 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Method and apparatus for intra-body ultrasound communication |
WO2010093489A2 (en) | 2009-02-13 | 2010-08-19 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Deployable sensor platform on the lead system of an implantable device |
EP2403401B1 (en) | 2009-03-04 | 2017-05-10 | Sensible Medical Innovations Ltd. | System for monitoring intrabody tissues |
WO2010111403A2 (en) | 2009-03-25 | 2010-09-30 | Proteus Biomedical, Inc. | Probablistic pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling |
US20100249882A1 (en) * | 2009-03-31 | 2010-09-30 | Medtronic, Inc. | Acoustic Telemetry System for Communication with an Implantable Medical Device |
US8488813B2 (en) * | 2009-04-01 | 2013-07-16 | Avago Technologies General Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. | Reconfigurable acoustic transducer device |
CN102458236B (en) | 2009-04-28 | 2016-01-27 | 普罗秋斯数字健康公司 | The Ingestible event marker of high reliability and using method thereof |
JP2012525206A (en) | 2009-04-29 | 2012-10-22 | プロテウス バイオメディカル インコーポレイテッド | Method and apparatus for leads for implantable devices |
US8182435B2 (en) * | 2009-05-04 | 2012-05-22 | Alcon Research, Ltd. | Intraocular pressure sensor |
US8123687B2 (en) * | 2009-05-07 | 2012-02-28 | Alcon Research, Ltd. | Intraocular pressure sensor |
US9149423B2 (en) | 2009-05-12 | 2015-10-06 | Proteus Digital Health, Inc. | Ingestible event markers comprising an ingestible component |
US8777863B2 (en) * | 2009-06-10 | 2014-07-15 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Implantable medical device with internal piezoelectric energy harvesting |
US20100317978A1 (en) * | 2009-06-10 | 2010-12-16 | Maile Keith R | Implantable medical device housing modified for piezoelectric energy harvesting |
US8506495B2 (en) * | 2009-06-10 | 2013-08-13 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Implantable medical devices with piezoelectric anchoring member |
US20100324378A1 (en) * | 2009-06-17 | 2010-12-23 | Tran Binh C | Physiologic signal monitoring using ultrasound signals from implanted devices |
US20100331919A1 (en) * | 2009-06-30 | 2010-12-30 | Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation | Moldable charger having hinged sections for charging an implantable pulse generator |
US8260432B2 (en) | 2009-06-30 | 2012-09-04 | Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation | Moldable charger with shape-sensing means for an implantable pulse generator |
US20100331918A1 (en) * | 2009-06-30 | 2010-12-30 | Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation | Moldable charger with curable material for charging an implantable pulse generator |
US20100331915A1 (en) * | 2009-06-30 | 2010-12-30 | Hill Gerard J | Acoustic activation of components of an implantable medical device |
US9468767B2 (en) * | 2009-06-30 | 2016-10-18 | Medtronic, Inc. | Acoustic activation of components of an implantable medical device |
US9399131B2 (en) * | 2009-06-30 | 2016-07-26 | Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation | Moldable charger with support members for charging an implantable pulse generator |
WO2011002564A1 (en) * | 2009-07-02 | 2011-01-06 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Vascular pressure sensor with electrocardiogram electrodes |
WO2011005953A2 (en) | 2009-07-10 | 2011-01-13 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | System and method of pulmonary edema detection |
WO2011011736A2 (en) | 2009-07-23 | 2011-01-27 | Proteus Biomedical, Inc. | Solid-state thin film capacitor |
US8907682B2 (en) * | 2009-07-30 | 2014-12-09 | Sensible Medical Innovations Ltd. | System and method for calibration of measurements of interacted EM signals in real time |
US8558563B2 (en) | 2009-08-21 | 2013-10-15 | Proteus Digital Health, Inc. | Apparatus and method for measuring biochemical parameters |
US20110054333A1 (en) * | 2009-08-28 | 2011-03-03 | Stentronics, Inc. | Stent Flow Sensor |
WO2011035262A1 (en) * | 2009-09-18 | 2011-03-24 | Orthomems, Inc. | Implantable ophthalmic mems sensor devices and methods for eye surgery |
WO2011035228A1 (en) | 2009-09-18 | 2011-03-24 | Orthomems, Inc. | Implantable mems intraocular pressure sensor devices and methods for glaucoma monitoring |
US8257295B2 (en) | 2009-09-21 | 2012-09-04 | Alcon Research, Ltd. | Intraocular pressure sensor with external pressure compensation |
US8419673B2 (en) | 2009-09-21 | 2013-04-16 | Alcon Research, Ltd. | Glaucoma drainage device with pump |
US8545431B2 (en) * | 2009-09-21 | 2013-10-01 | Alcon Research, Ltd. | Lumen clearing valve for glaucoma drainage device |
US20110071454A1 (en) * | 2009-09-21 | 2011-03-24 | Alcon Research, Ltd. | Power Generator For Glaucoma Drainage Device |
US8721580B2 (en) * | 2009-09-21 | 2014-05-13 | Alcon Research, Ltd. | Power saving glaucoma drainage device |
US20110077718A1 (en) * | 2009-09-30 | 2011-03-31 | Broadcom Corporation | Electromagnetic power booster for bio-medical units |
US20110082376A1 (en) * | 2009-10-05 | 2011-04-07 | Huelskamp Paul J | Physiological blood pressure waveform compression in an acoustic channel |
US10751537B2 (en) | 2009-10-20 | 2020-08-25 | Nyxoah SA | Arced implant unit for modulation of nerves |
US10716940B2 (en) | 2009-10-20 | 2020-07-21 | Nyxoah SA | Implant unit for modulation of small diameter nerves |
US9409013B2 (en) | 2009-10-20 | 2016-08-09 | Nyxoah SA | Method for controlling energy delivery as a function of degree of coupling |
US9192353B2 (en) * | 2009-10-27 | 2015-11-24 | Innurvation, Inc. | Data transmission via wide band acoustic channels |
TWI517050B (en) | 2009-11-04 | 2016-01-11 | 普羅托斯數位健康公司 | System for supply chain management |
UA109424C2 (en) | 2009-12-02 | 2015-08-25 | PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCT, PHARMACEUTICAL TABLE WITH ELECTRONIC MARKER AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING PHARMACEUTICAL TABLETS | |
EP2515745B1 (en) * | 2009-12-23 | 2016-07-20 | DELTA, Dansk Elektronik, Lys & Akustik | Monitoring device for attachment to the skin surface |
US9968254B2 (en) * | 2010-01-05 | 2018-05-15 | Sensimed Sa | Intraocular pressure monitoring device |
SG182825A1 (en) | 2010-02-01 | 2012-09-27 | Proteus Biomedical Inc | Data gathering system |
US8626295B2 (en) * | 2010-03-04 | 2014-01-07 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Ultrasonic transducer for bi-directional wireless communication |
US8647259B2 (en) | 2010-03-26 | 2014-02-11 | Innurvation, Inc. | Ultrasound scanning capsule endoscope (USCE) |
BR112012025650A2 (en) | 2010-04-07 | 2020-08-18 | Proteus Digital Health, Inc. | miniature ingestible device |
US8965476B2 (en) | 2010-04-16 | 2015-02-24 | Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh | Tissue penetration device |
US8594806B2 (en) | 2010-04-30 | 2013-11-26 | Cyberonics, Inc. | Recharging and communication lead for an implantable device |
US8482162B2 (en) * | 2010-05-03 | 2013-07-09 | Kulite Semiconductor Products, Inc. | Two lead electronic switch system adapted to replace a mechanical switch system |
KR101513288B1 (en) | 2010-05-12 | 2015-04-17 | 아이리듬 테크놀로지스, 아이엔씨 | Device features and design elements for long-term adhesion |
TWI557672B (en) | 2010-05-19 | 2016-11-11 | 波提亞斯數位康健公司 | Computer system and computer-implemented method to track medication from manufacturer to a patient, apparatus and method for confirming delivery of medication to a patient, patient interface device |
US8718770B2 (en) | 2010-10-21 | 2014-05-06 | Medtronic, Inc. | Capture threshold measurement for selection of pacing vector |
JP2014504902A (en) | 2010-11-22 | 2014-02-27 | プロテウス デジタル ヘルス, インコーポレイテッド | Ingestible device with medicinal product |
US9439599B2 (en) | 2011-03-11 | 2016-09-13 | Proteus Digital Health, Inc. | Wearable personal body associated device with various physical configurations |
US9314205B2 (en) | 2011-04-28 | 2016-04-19 | Medtronic, Inc. | Measurement of cardiac cycle length and pressure metrics from pulmonary arterial pressure |
US8355784B2 (en) | 2011-05-13 | 2013-01-15 | Medtronic, Inc. | Dynamic representation of multipolar leads in a programmer interface |
US9756874B2 (en) | 2011-07-11 | 2017-09-12 | Proteus Digital Health, Inc. | Masticable ingestible product and communication system therefor |
WO2015112603A1 (en) | 2014-01-21 | 2015-07-30 | Proteus Digital Health, Inc. | Masticable ingestible product and communication system therefor |
JP6222527B2 (en) | 2011-09-01 | 2017-11-01 | マイクロテック メディカル テクノロジーズ リミテッド | Method for detecting portal vein and / or hepatic vein pressure and monitoring system for portal hypertension |
US9072588B2 (en) | 2011-10-03 | 2015-07-07 | Alcon Research, Ltd. | Selectable varied control valve systems for IOP control systems |
US8585631B2 (en) | 2011-10-18 | 2013-11-19 | Alcon Research, Ltd. | Active bimodal valve system for real-time IOP control |
WO2013070864A2 (en) * | 2011-11-08 | 2013-05-16 | J&M Shuler, Inc. | Method and system for providing versatile nirs sensors |
US9235683B2 (en) | 2011-11-09 | 2016-01-12 | Proteus Digital Health, Inc. | Apparatus, system, and method for managing adherence to a regimen |
US8753305B2 (en) | 2011-12-06 | 2014-06-17 | Alcon Research, Ltd. | Bubble-driven IOP control system |
US8579848B2 (en) | 2011-12-09 | 2013-11-12 | Alcon Research, Ltd. | Active drainage systems with pressure-driven valves and electronically-driven pump |
US8840578B2 (en) | 2011-12-09 | 2014-09-23 | Alcon Research, Ltd. | Multilayer membrane actuators |
US9622910B2 (en) | 2011-12-12 | 2017-04-18 | Alcon Research, Ltd. | Active drainage systems with dual-input pressure-driven values |
US8603024B2 (en) | 2011-12-12 | 2013-12-10 | Alcon Research, Ltd. | Glaucoma drainage devices including vario-stable valves and associated systems and methods |
WO2013090231A1 (en) | 2011-12-13 | 2013-06-20 | Alcon Research, Ltd. | Active drainage systems with dual-input pressure-driven valves |
US9339187B2 (en) | 2011-12-15 | 2016-05-17 | Alcon Research, Ltd. | External pressure measurement system and method for an intraocular implant |
US8974366B1 (en) | 2012-01-10 | 2015-03-10 | Piezo Energy Technologies, LLC | High power ultrasound wireless transcutaneous energy transfer (US-TET) source |
US8986240B2 (en) | 2012-02-14 | 2015-03-24 | Alcon Research, Ltd. | Corrugated membrane actuators |
US9155653B2 (en) | 2012-02-14 | 2015-10-13 | Alcon Research, Ltd. | Pressure-driven membrane valve for pressure control system |
US8998838B2 (en) | 2012-03-29 | 2015-04-07 | Alcon Research, Ltd. | Adjustable valve for IOP control with reed valve |
US20130317412A1 (en) * | 2012-05-23 | 2013-11-28 | Bruno Dacquay | Flow Control For Treating A Medical Condition |
US9599632B2 (en) * | 2012-06-22 | 2017-03-21 | Fitbit, Inc. | Fitness monitoring device with altimeter |
US8652085B2 (en) | 2012-07-02 | 2014-02-18 | Alcon Research, Ltd. | Reduction of gas escape in membrane actuators |
US9271897B2 (en) | 2012-07-23 | 2016-03-01 | Proteus Digital Health, Inc. | Techniques for manufacturing ingestible event markers comprising an ingestible component |
US9907967B2 (en) | 2012-07-26 | 2018-03-06 | Adi Mashiach | Transcutaneous power conveyance device |
US10052097B2 (en) | 2012-07-26 | 2018-08-21 | Nyxoah SA | Implant unit delivery tool |
US9504828B2 (en) | 2012-07-26 | 2016-11-29 | Nyxoah SA | Electrical contacts on a medical device patch |
US9511238B2 (en) | 2012-07-26 | 2016-12-06 | Nyxoah SA | Implant holder and suture guide |
US11253712B2 (en) | 2012-07-26 | 2022-02-22 | Nyxoah SA | Sleep disordered breathing treatment apparatus |
US11027138B2 (en) | 2012-08-27 | 2021-06-08 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Location-based services |
US9031652B2 (en) | 2012-08-27 | 2015-05-12 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Use case-based services |
US10206592B2 (en) | 2012-09-14 | 2019-02-19 | Endotronix, Inc. | Pressure sensor, anchor, delivery system and method |
WO2014052327A1 (en) * | 2012-09-25 | 2014-04-03 | Alfred E. Mann Foundation For Scientific Research | Microchannel plasmon resonance biosensor |
SG11201503027SA (en) | 2012-10-18 | 2015-05-28 | Proteus Digital Health Inc | Apparatus, system, and method to adaptively optimize power dissipation and broadcast power in a power source for a communication device |
US9528633B2 (en) | 2012-12-17 | 2016-12-27 | Novartis Ag | MEMS check valve |
US9572712B2 (en) | 2012-12-17 | 2017-02-21 | Novartis Ag | Osmotically actuated fluidic valve |
US9295389B2 (en) | 2012-12-17 | 2016-03-29 | Novartis Ag | Systems and methods for priming an intraocular pressure sensor in an intraocular implant |
US20140207289A1 (en) * | 2013-01-21 | 2014-07-24 | Lennox Industries Inc. | Hvac system configured based on atmospheric data, an interface for receiving the atmospheric data and a controller configured to setup the hvac system based on the atmospheric data |
JP6198849B2 (en) | 2013-01-24 | 2017-09-20 | アイリズム・テクノロジーズ・インコーポレイテッドiRhythm Technologies,Inc. | Electronic device for monitoring physiological signals and method for removing and replacing parts of the electronic device |
JP2016508529A (en) | 2013-01-29 | 2016-03-22 | プロテウス デジタル ヘルス, インコーポレイテッド | Highly expandable polymer film and composition containing the same |
US9390619B1 (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2016-07-12 | Smiths Detection-Watford Limited | Accessory for controlling activation of a device |
WO2014151929A1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-25 | Proteus Digital Health, Inc. | Personal authentication apparatus system and method |
JP5941240B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2016-06-29 | プロテウス デジタル ヘルス, インコーポレイテッド | Metal detector device, system and method |
US11744481B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2023-09-05 | Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | System, apparatus and methods for data collection and assessing outcomes |
WO2014168841A1 (en) | 2013-04-08 | 2014-10-16 | Irhythm Technologies, Inc | Skin abrader |
US9848775B2 (en) * | 2013-05-22 | 2017-12-26 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Passive and wireless pressure sensor |
EP3010583B1 (en) | 2013-06-17 | 2020-08-05 | Nyxoah SA | Dynamic modification of modulation throughout a therapy period |
US9226851B2 (en) | 2013-08-24 | 2016-01-05 | Novartis Ag | MEMS check valve chip and methods |
US9283115B2 (en) | 2013-08-26 | 2016-03-15 | Novartis Ag | Passive to active staged drainage device |
US9289324B2 (en) | 2013-08-26 | 2016-03-22 | Novartis Ag | Externally adjustable passive drainage device |
US9796576B2 (en) | 2013-08-30 | 2017-10-24 | Proteus Digital Health, Inc. | Container with electronically controlled interlock |
EP3047618B1 (en) | 2013-09-20 | 2023-11-08 | Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | Methods, devices and systems for receiving and decoding a signal in the presence of noise using slices and warping |
JP2016537924A (en) | 2013-09-24 | 2016-12-01 | プロテウス デジタル ヘルス, インコーポレイテッド | Method and apparatus for use with electromagnetic signals received at frequencies that are not accurately known in advance |
US9901250B2 (en) * | 2013-10-09 | 2018-02-27 | Senseonics, Incorporated | Use of a sensor with multiple external sensor transceiver devices |
US10084880B2 (en) | 2013-11-04 | 2018-09-25 | Proteus Digital Health, Inc. | Social media networking based on physiologic information |
WO2015106007A1 (en) | 2014-01-10 | 2015-07-16 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Methods and systems for improved communication between medical devices |
EP3092034B1 (en) | 2014-01-10 | 2019-10-30 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Systems for detecting cardiac arrhythmias |
US9603742B2 (en) | 2014-03-13 | 2017-03-28 | Novartis Ag | Remote magnetic driven flow system |
US9681983B2 (en) | 2014-03-13 | 2017-06-20 | Novartis Ag | Debris clearance system for an ocular implant |
US9492671B2 (en) | 2014-05-06 | 2016-11-15 | Medtronic, Inc. | Acoustically triggered therapy delivery |
US9669224B2 (en) | 2014-05-06 | 2017-06-06 | Medtronic, Inc. | Triggered pacing system |
US10390720B2 (en) | 2014-07-17 | 2019-08-27 | Medtronic, Inc. | Leadless pacing system including sensing extension |
US9399140B2 (en) | 2014-07-25 | 2016-07-26 | Medtronic, Inc. | Atrial contraction detection by a ventricular leadless pacing device for atrio-synchronous ventricular pacing |
US9694189B2 (en) | 2014-08-06 | 2017-07-04 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Method and apparatus for communicating between medical devices |
US9757570B2 (en) | 2014-08-06 | 2017-09-12 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Communications in a medical device system |
US9808631B2 (en) | 2014-08-06 | 2017-11-07 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Communication between a plurality of medical devices using time delays between communication pulses to distinguish between symbols |
EP3185952B1 (en) | 2014-08-28 | 2018-07-25 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Implantable cardiac rhythm system and an associated method for triggering a blanking period through a second device |
US9666559B2 (en) | 2014-09-05 | 2017-05-30 | Invensas Corporation | Multichip modules and methods of fabrication |
US20160120434A1 (en) | 2014-10-31 | 2016-05-05 | Irhythm Technologies, Inc. | Wireless physiological monitoring device and systems |
US9724519B2 (en) | 2014-11-11 | 2017-08-08 | Medtronic, Inc. | Ventricular leadless pacing device mode switching |
US9492668B2 (en) | 2014-11-11 | 2016-11-15 | Medtronic, Inc. | Mode switching by a ventricular leadless pacing device |
US9623234B2 (en) | 2014-11-11 | 2017-04-18 | Medtronic, Inc. | Leadless pacing device implantation |
CN109394185B (en) * | 2014-11-11 | 2021-04-27 | 原相科技股份有限公司 | Blood vessel sensing device with correction function |
US9492669B2 (en) | 2014-11-11 | 2016-11-15 | Medtronic, Inc. | Mode switching by a ventricular leadless pacing device |
US9289612B1 (en) | 2014-12-11 | 2016-03-22 | Medtronic Inc. | Coordination of ventricular pacing in a leadless pacing system |
US10220213B2 (en) | 2015-02-06 | 2019-03-05 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Systems and methods for safe delivery of electrical stimulation therapy |
AU2016215606B2 (en) | 2015-02-06 | 2018-05-31 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Systems and methods for treating cardiac arrhythmias |
US10046167B2 (en) | 2015-02-09 | 2018-08-14 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Implantable medical device with radiopaque ID tag |
WO2016141046A1 (en) | 2015-03-04 | 2016-09-09 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Systems and methods for treating cardiac arrhythmias |
JP6515195B2 (en) | 2015-03-18 | 2019-05-15 | カーディアック ペースメイカーズ, インコーポレイテッド | Implantable medical device and medical system |
US10050700B2 (en) | 2015-03-18 | 2018-08-14 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Communications in a medical device system with temporal optimization |
US9655777B2 (en) | 2015-04-07 | 2017-05-23 | Novartis Ag | System and method for diagphragm pumping using heating element |
US9757574B2 (en) | 2015-05-11 | 2017-09-12 | Rainbow Medical Ltd. | Dual chamber transvenous pacemaker |
US10004906B2 (en) | 2015-07-16 | 2018-06-26 | Medtronic, Inc. | Confirming sensed atrial events for pacing during resynchronization therapy in a cardiac medical device and medical device system |
US11051543B2 (en) | 2015-07-21 | 2021-07-06 | Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. | Alginate on adhesive bilayer laminate film |
CN108136187B (en) | 2015-08-20 | 2021-06-29 | 心脏起搏器股份公司 | System and method for communication between medical devices |
WO2017031221A1 (en) | 2015-08-20 | 2017-02-23 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Systems and methods for communication between medical devices |
US9968787B2 (en) | 2015-08-27 | 2018-05-15 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Spatial configuration of a motion sensor in an implantable medical device |
US9956414B2 (en) | 2015-08-27 | 2018-05-01 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Temporal configuration of a motion sensor in an implantable medical device |
US10137305B2 (en) | 2015-08-28 | 2018-11-27 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Systems and methods for behaviorally responsive signal detection and therapy delivery |
US10226631B2 (en) | 2015-08-28 | 2019-03-12 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Systems and methods for infarct detection |
WO2017040115A1 (en) | 2015-08-28 | 2017-03-09 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | System for detecting tamponade |
US9996712B2 (en) | 2015-09-02 | 2018-06-12 | Endotronix, Inc. | Self test device and method for wireless sensor reader |
US10236576B2 (en) | 2015-09-04 | 2019-03-19 | Elwha Llc | Wireless power transfer using tunable metamaterial systems and methods |
US10218067B2 (en) | 2015-09-04 | 2019-02-26 | Elwha Llc | Tunable metamaterial systems and methods |
US10092760B2 (en) | 2015-09-11 | 2018-10-09 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Arrhythmia detection and confirmation |
EP3359251B1 (en) | 2015-10-08 | 2019-08-07 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Adjusting pacing rates in an implantable medical device |
US10183170B2 (en) | 2015-12-17 | 2019-01-22 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Conducted communication in a medical device system |
US10905886B2 (en) | 2015-12-28 | 2021-02-02 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Implantable medical device for deployment across the atrioventricular septum |
US10583303B2 (en) | 2016-01-19 | 2020-03-10 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Devices and methods for wirelessly recharging a rechargeable battery of an implantable medical device |
CN109069840B (en) | 2016-02-04 | 2022-03-15 | 心脏起搏器股份公司 | Delivery system with force sensor for leadless cardiac devices |
DE102016104097A1 (en) * | 2016-03-07 | 2017-09-07 | Biotronik Se & Co. Kg | Implant and method of operating the same |
CN108883286B (en) | 2016-03-31 | 2021-12-07 | 心脏起搏器股份公司 | Implantable medical device with rechargeable battery |
US10668294B2 (en) | 2016-05-10 | 2020-06-02 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Leadless cardiac pacemaker configured for over the wire delivery |
US10328272B2 (en) | 2016-05-10 | 2019-06-25 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Retrievability for implantable medical devices |
US11166643B2 (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2021-11-09 | Michael F. O'Rourke | Non-invasive method of estimating intra-cranial pressure (ICP) |
WO2018005373A1 (en) | 2016-06-27 | 2018-01-04 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Cardiac therapy system using subcutaneously sensed p-waves for resynchronization pacing management |
US11207527B2 (en) | 2016-07-06 | 2021-12-28 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Method and system for determining an atrial contraction timing fiducial in a leadless cardiac pacemaker system |
WO2018009392A1 (en) | 2016-07-07 | 2018-01-11 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Leadless pacemaker using pressure measurements for pacing capture verification |
AU2017292931B2 (en) | 2016-07-07 | 2022-06-30 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Implants using ultrasonic waves for stimulating tissue |
WO2018017226A1 (en) | 2016-07-20 | 2018-01-25 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | System for utilizing an atrial contraction timing fiducial in a leadless cardiac pacemaker system |
KR102051875B1 (en) | 2016-07-22 | 2019-12-04 | 프로테우스 디지털 헬스, 인코포레이티드 | Electromagnetic detection and detection of ingestible event markers |
WO2018035343A1 (en) | 2016-08-19 | 2018-02-22 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Trans septal implantable medical device |
US10780278B2 (en) | 2016-08-24 | 2020-09-22 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Integrated multi-device cardiac resynchronization therapy using P-wave to pace timing |
EP3503970B1 (en) | 2016-08-24 | 2023-01-04 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Cardiac resynchronization using fusion promotion for timing management |
US10374669B2 (en) | 2016-08-31 | 2019-08-06 | Elwha Llc | Tunable medium linear coder |
WO2018057318A1 (en) | 2016-09-21 | 2018-03-29 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Leadless stimulation device with a housing that houses internal components of the leadless stimulation device and functions as the battery case and a terminal of an internal battery |
US10758737B2 (en) | 2016-09-21 | 2020-09-01 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Using sensor data from an intracardially implanted medical device to influence operation of an extracardially implantable cardioverter |
WO2018057626A1 (en) | 2016-09-21 | 2018-03-29 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Implantable cardiac monitor |
EP3531901A4 (en) | 2016-10-26 | 2021-01-27 | Proteus Digital Health, Inc. | Methods for manufacturing capsules with ingestible event markers |
US10413733B2 (en) | 2016-10-27 | 2019-09-17 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Implantable medical device with gyroscope |
EP3532160B1 (en) | 2016-10-27 | 2023-01-25 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Separate device in managing the pace pulse energy of a cardiac pacemaker |
EP3532159B1 (en) | 2016-10-27 | 2021-12-22 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Implantable medical device delivery system with integrated sensor |
US10561330B2 (en) | 2016-10-27 | 2020-02-18 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Implantable medical device having a sense channel with performance adjustment |
JP7038115B2 (en) | 2016-10-27 | 2022-03-17 | カーディアック ペースメイカーズ, インコーポレイテッド | Implantable medical device with pressure sensor |
WO2018081275A1 (en) | 2016-10-27 | 2018-05-03 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Multi-device cardiac resynchronization therapy with timing enhancements |
WO2018081713A1 (en) | 2016-10-31 | 2018-05-03 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc | Systems for activity level pacing |
CN109952128B (en) | 2016-10-31 | 2023-06-13 | 心脏起搏器股份公司 | System for activity level pacing |
WO2018089311A1 (en) | 2016-11-08 | 2018-05-17 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc | Implantable medical device for atrial deployment |
EP3538213B1 (en) | 2016-11-09 | 2023-04-12 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Systems and devices for setting cardiac pacing pulse parameters for a cardiac pacing device |
WO2018094342A1 (en) | 2016-11-21 | 2018-05-24 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc | Implantable medical device with a magnetically permeable housing and an inductive coil disposed about the housing |
EP3541471B1 (en) | 2016-11-21 | 2021-01-20 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Leadless cardiac pacemaker providing cardiac resynchronization therapy |
US10881869B2 (en) | 2016-11-21 | 2021-01-05 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Wireless re-charge of an implantable medical device |
US10639486B2 (en) | 2016-11-21 | 2020-05-05 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Implantable medical device with recharge coil |
EP3541473B1 (en) | 2016-11-21 | 2020-11-11 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Leadless cardiac pacemaker with multimode communication |
US10675476B2 (en) | 2016-12-22 | 2020-06-09 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Internal thoracic vein placement of a transmitter electrode for leadless stimulation of the heart |
US11207532B2 (en) | 2017-01-04 | 2021-12-28 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Dynamic sensing updates using postural input in a multiple device cardiac rhythm management system |
WO2018140623A1 (en) | 2017-01-26 | 2018-08-02 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Leadless device with overmolded components |
CN110198759B (en) | 2017-01-26 | 2023-08-11 | 心脏起搏器股份公司 | Leadless implantable device with removable fasteners |
AU2018213326B2 (en) | 2017-01-26 | 2020-09-10 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Intra-body device communication with redundant message transmission |
CA3053497A1 (en) | 2017-02-24 | 2018-08-30 | Endotronix, Inc. | Wireless sensor reader assembly |
US11615257B2 (en) | 2017-02-24 | 2023-03-28 | Endotronix, Inc. | Method for communicating with implant devices |
US10905872B2 (en) | 2017-04-03 | 2021-02-02 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Implantable medical device with a movable electrode biased toward an extended position |
CN110740779B (en) | 2017-04-03 | 2024-03-08 | 心脏起搏器股份公司 | Cardiac pacemaker with pacing pulse energy modulation based on sensed heart rate |
RU2749244C2 (en) * | 2017-04-04 | 2021-06-07 | Ф. Хоффманн-Ля Рош Аг | Medical sensor system for continuous monitoring of glycemia |
AU2018254569B2 (en) | 2017-04-20 | 2022-05-12 | Endotronix, Inc. | Anchoring system for a catheter delivered device |
US10468776B2 (en) * | 2017-05-04 | 2019-11-05 | Elwha Llc | Medical applications using tunable metamaterial systems and methods |
AU2018304316A1 (en) | 2017-07-19 | 2020-01-30 | Endotronix, Inc. | Physiological monitoring system |
EP3668592B1 (en) | 2017-08-18 | 2021-11-17 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Implantable medical device with pressure sensor |
US10918875B2 (en) | 2017-08-18 | 2021-02-16 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Implantable medical device with a flux concentrator and a receiving coil disposed about the flux concentrator |
US10249950B1 (en) | 2017-09-16 | 2019-04-02 | Searete Llc | Systems and methods for reduced control inputs in tunable meta-devices |
WO2019060302A1 (en) | 2017-09-20 | 2019-03-28 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Implantable medical device with multiple modes of operation |
US10792400B2 (en) | 2017-10-12 | 2020-10-06 | Hugel Inc. | Microstructure formulation techniques for botulinum toxin |
US10525111B2 (en) | 2017-10-12 | 2020-01-07 | Hugel, Inc. | Microstructure formulation techniques for botulinum toxin |
US10694967B2 (en) | 2017-10-18 | 2020-06-30 | Medtronic, Inc. | State-based atrial event detection |
US11185703B2 (en) | 2017-11-07 | 2021-11-30 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Leadless cardiac pacemaker for bundle of his pacing |
US10833381B2 (en) | 2017-11-08 | 2020-11-10 | The Invention Science Fund I Llc | Metamaterial phase shifters |
US11260216B2 (en) | 2017-12-01 | 2022-03-01 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Methods and systems for detecting atrial contraction timing fiducials during ventricular filling from a ventricularly implanted leadless cardiac pacemaker |
US11052258B2 (en) | 2017-12-01 | 2021-07-06 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Methods and systems for detecting atrial contraction timing fiducials within a search window from a ventricularly implanted leadless cardiac pacemaker |
US11071870B2 (en) | 2017-12-01 | 2021-07-27 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Methods and systems for detecting atrial contraction timing fiducials and determining a cardiac interval from a ventricularly implanted leadless cardiac pacemaker |
US11813463B2 (en) | 2017-12-01 | 2023-11-14 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Leadless cardiac pacemaker with reversionary behavior |
US11110281B2 (en) | 2018-01-04 | 2021-09-07 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Secure transdermal communication with implanted device |
US11529523B2 (en) | 2018-01-04 | 2022-12-20 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Handheld bridge device for providing a communication bridge between an implanted medical device and a smartphone |
CN111556773A (en) | 2018-01-04 | 2020-08-18 | 心脏起搏器股份公司 | Dual chamber pacing without beat-to-beat communication |
CN108261127B (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2021-12-14 | 深圳市米谷智能有限公司 | Control method and system of skin makeup instrument |
JP2021519117A (en) | 2018-03-23 | 2021-08-10 | メドトロニック,インコーポレイテッド | VfA Cardiac Treatment for Tachycardia |
JP2021518192A (en) | 2018-03-23 | 2021-08-02 | メドトロニック,インコーポレイテッド | VfA cardiac resynchronization therapy |
US11400296B2 (en) | 2018-03-23 | 2022-08-02 | Medtronic, Inc. | AV synchronous VfA cardiac therapy |
US11701518B2 (en) | 2018-04-02 | 2023-07-18 | Bionet Sonar | Internet of medical things through ultrasonic networking technology |
WO2019204773A1 (en) | 2018-04-19 | 2019-10-24 | Iota Biosciences, Inc. | Implants using ultrasonic communication for neural sensing and stimulation |
MX2020011008A (en) | 2018-04-19 | 2021-01-20 | Iota Biosciences Inc | Implants using ultrasonic communication for modulating splenic nerve activity. |
CN112770807A (en) | 2018-09-26 | 2021-05-07 | 美敦力公司 | Capture in atrial-to-ventricular cardiac therapy |
US11951313B2 (en) | 2018-11-17 | 2024-04-09 | Medtronic, Inc. | VFA delivery systems and methods |
EP3906085A4 (en) * | 2019-01-04 | 2022-09-28 | Shifamed Holdings, LLC | Internal recharging systems and methods of use |
US11679265B2 (en) | 2019-02-14 | 2023-06-20 | Medtronic, Inc. | Lead-in-lead systems and methods for cardiac therapy |
US11697025B2 (en) | 2019-03-29 | 2023-07-11 | Medtronic, Inc. | Cardiac conduction system capture |
US11213676B2 (en) | 2019-04-01 | 2022-01-04 | Medtronic, Inc. | Delivery systems for VfA cardiac therapy |
WO2020206062A1 (en) * | 2019-04-02 | 2020-10-08 | Shifamed Holdings, Llc | Systems and methods for monitoring health conditions |
US11712188B2 (en) | 2019-05-07 | 2023-08-01 | Medtronic, Inc. | Posterior left bundle branch engagement |
US11537702B2 (en) | 2019-05-13 | 2022-12-27 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Implanted medical device authentication based on comparison of internal IMU signal to external IMU signal |
US11305127B2 (en) | 2019-08-26 | 2022-04-19 | Medtronic Inc. | VfA delivery and implant region detection |
US11654287B2 (en) | 2019-08-30 | 2023-05-23 | Ebr Systems, Inc. | Pulse delivery device including slew rate detector, and associated systems and methods |
EP4069345A4 (en) | 2019-12-05 | 2024-01-10 | Shifamed Holdings Llc | Implantable shunt systems and methods |
US11277712B2 (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2022-03-15 | Tatiana Guydouk | Cellular global tracker for freight |
US11138137B2 (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2021-10-05 | Neles Usa Inc. | Self-learning apparatus for connecting inputs and outputs of a programmable logic controller to a field device |
US11813466B2 (en) | 2020-01-27 | 2023-11-14 | Medtronic, Inc. | Atrioventricular nodal stimulation |
US11083371B1 (en) | 2020-02-12 | 2021-08-10 | Irhythm Technologies, Inc. | Methods and systems for processing data via an executable file on a monitor to reduce the dimensionality of the data and encrypting the data being transmitted over the wireless network |
US11911168B2 (en) | 2020-04-03 | 2024-02-27 | Medtronic, Inc. | Cardiac conduction system therapy benefit determination |
EP4138649A4 (en) | 2020-04-23 | 2024-04-17 | Shifamed Holdings Llc | Intracardiac sensors with switchable configurations and associated systems and methods |
US11813464B2 (en) | 2020-07-31 | 2023-11-14 | Medtronic, Inc. | Cardiac conduction system evaluation |
CN116322497A (en) | 2020-08-06 | 2023-06-23 | 意锐瑟科技公司 | Viscous physiological monitoring device |
WO2022032118A1 (en) | 2020-08-06 | 2022-02-10 | Irhythm Technologies, Inc. | Electrical components for physiological monitoring device |
WO2022046921A1 (en) | 2020-08-25 | 2022-03-03 | Shifamed Holdings, Llc | Adjustable interatrial shunts and associated systems and methods |
US11857197B2 (en) | 2020-11-12 | 2024-01-02 | Shifamed Holdings, Llc | Adjustable implantable devices and associated methods |
US11795960B2 (en) | 2021-05-28 | 2023-10-24 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Molten sulfur pump vibration and temperature sensor for enhanced condition monitoring |
US11828160B2 (en) | 2021-05-28 | 2023-11-28 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Vibration monitoring and data analytics for vertical charge pumps |
US11761909B2 (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2023-09-19 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Nanosensor coupled with radio frequency for pump condition monitoring |
Family Cites Families (337)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1991579A (en) * | 1932-07-29 | 1935-02-19 | Inland Mfg Co | Torsional reactance dampener |
US2786899A (en) * | 1951-08-02 | 1957-03-26 | Sonotone Corp | Piezoelectric transducers |
US2786699A (en) | 1954-04-30 | 1957-03-26 | United Aircraft Corp | Intershaft oil seal |
BE634453A (en) | 1962-07-30 | |||
US3310885A (en) * | 1964-06-04 | 1967-03-28 | Samuel W Alderson | Radio-therapy phantom |
US3568661A (en) * | 1968-10-02 | 1971-03-09 | Us Health Education & Welfare | Frequency modulated ultrasound technique for measurement of fluid velocity |
US3536836A (en) | 1968-10-25 | 1970-10-27 | Erich A Pfeiffer | Acoustically actuated switch |
US3672352A (en) * | 1969-04-09 | 1972-06-27 | George D Summers | Implantable bio-data monitoring method and apparatus |
US3757770A (en) | 1971-02-22 | 1973-09-11 | Bio Tel Western | Physiological pressure sensing and telemetry means employing a diode connected transistor transducer |
US3692027A (en) | 1971-04-23 | 1972-09-19 | Everett H Ellinwood Jr | Implanted medication dispensing device and method |
US3805796A (en) | 1971-05-10 | 1974-04-23 | Cordis Corp | Implantable cardiac pacer having adjustable operating parameters |
US3794840A (en) * | 1972-03-27 | 1974-02-26 | Charlotte Memorial Hospital | Method and apparatus for directing a radiation beam toward a tumor or the like |
US3853117A (en) | 1972-05-15 | 1974-12-10 | Berkeley Bio Eng Inc | Pressure sensing system and method |
US3970987A (en) * | 1972-08-17 | 1976-07-20 | Signal Science, Inc. | Acoustical switch |
US3868578A (en) * | 1972-10-02 | 1975-02-25 | Canadian Patents Dev | Method and apparatus for electroanalysis |
US4146029A (en) * | 1974-04-23 | 1979-03-27 | Ellinwood Jr Everett H | Self-powered implanted programmable medication system and method |
US4003379A (en) * | 1974-04-23 | 1977-01-18 | Ellinwood Jr Everett H | Apparatus and method for implanted self-powered medication dispensing |
SE406551B (en) * | 1974-05-07 | 1979-02-19 | Seiko Instr & Electronics | SYSTEM FOR DETECTING INFORMATION REGARDING THE ELECTROMOTOR POWER OF SERIES-PLACED BATTERIES IN A HEART STIMULATOR |
US4170742A (en) | 1974-07-15 | 1979-10-09 | Pioneer Electronic Corporation | Piezoelectric transducer with multiple electrode areas |
US3943915A (en) * | 1974-11-29 | 1976-03-16 | Motorola, Inc. | Intracranial pressure sensing device |
US4062354A (en) | 1975-07-01 | 1977-12-13 | Taylor H Lyndon | Intracranial pressure transducer system |
US4026276A (en) * | 1976-04-05 | 1977-05-31 | The Johns Hopkins University | Intracranial pressure monitor |
US4082097A (en) * | 1976-05-20 | 1978-04-04 | Pacesetter Systems Inc. | Multimode recharging system for living tissue stimulators |
US4127110A (en) | 1976-05-24 | 1978-11-28 | Huntington Institute Of Applied Medical Research | Implantable pressure transducer |
US4281666A (en) | 1976-06-21 | 1981-08-04 | Cosman Eric R | Single diaphragm pressure-balanced telemetric pressure sensing system |
US4206761A (en) * | 1976-06-21 | 1980-06-10 | Cosman Eric R | Pressure-balanced telemetric pressure sensing method |
US4206762A (en) * | 1976-06-21 | 1980-06-10 | Cosman Eric R | Telemetric differential pressure sensing method |
US4660568A (en) * | 1976-06-21 | 1987-04-28 | Cosman Eric R | Telemetric differential pressure sensing system and method therefore |
US4593703A (en) * | 1976-06-21 | 1986-06-10 | Cosman Eric R | Telemetric differential pressure sensor with the improvement of a conductive shorted loop tuning element and a resonant circuit |
US4281667A (en) | 1976-06-21 | 1981-08-04 | Cosman Eric R | Single diaphragm telemetric differential pressure sensing system |
US4653508A (en) * | 1976-06-21 | 1987-03-31 | Cosman Eric R | Pressure-balanced telemetric pressure sensing system and method therefore |
US4099530A (en) * | 1977-04-27 | 1978-07-11 | American Pacemaker Corporation | Cardiac pacer circuitry to facilitate testing of patient heart activity and pacer pulses |
US4223801A (en) | 1978-01-26 | 1980-09-23 | Carlson Torsten S | Automatic periodic drug dispensing system |
US4378809A (en) * | 1978-04-13 | 1983-04-05 | Cosman Eric R | Audio-telemetric pressure sensing systems and methods |
US4265252A (en) * | 1978-04-19 | 1981-05-05 | The Johns Hopkins University | Intracranial pressure implant |
US4385636A (en) * | 1978-05-23 | 1983-05-31 | Cosman Eric R | Telemetric differential pressure sensor with the improvement of a conductive shorted loop tuning element and a resonant circuit |
US4227407A (en) | 1978-11-30 | 1980-10-14 | Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. | Volume flow measurement system |
US4237900A (en) | 1979-02-14 | 1980-12-09 | Pacesetter Systems, Inc. | Implantable calibration means and calibration method for an implantable body transducer |
US4360019A (en) | 1979-02-28 | 1982-11-23 | Andros Incorporated | Implantable infusion device |
US4481950A (en) * | 1979-04-27 | 1984-11-13 | Medtronic, Inc. | Acoustic signalling apparatus for implantable devices |
US4281664A (en) | 1979-05-14 | 1981-08-04 | Medtronic, Inc. | Implantable telemetry transmission system for analog and digital data |
US4354506A (en) | 1980-01-17 | 1982-10-19 | Naganokeiki Seisakujo Company, Ltd. | Intracranial pressure gauge |
US4361153A (en) | 1980-05-27 | 1982-11-30 | Cordis Corporation | Implant telemetry system |
US4407296A (en) | 1980-09-12 | 1983-10-04 | Medtronic, Inc. | Integral hermetic impantable pressure transducer |
US4340038A (en) | 1980-12-15 | 1982-07-20 | Pacesetter Systems, Inc. | Magnetic field concentration means and method for an implanted device |
JPS57177735A (en) | 1981-04-27 | 1982-11-01 | Toyoda Chuo Kenkyusho Kk | Telemeter type brain nanometer |
US5190035A (en) * | 1981-06-18 | 1993-03-02 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Biomedical method and apparatus for controlling the administration of therapy to a patient in response to changes in physiological demand |
US4686987A (en) | 1981-06-18 | 1987-08-18 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Biomedical method and apparatus for controlling the administration of therapy to a patient in response to changes in physiologic demand |
US4494950A (en) * | 1982-01-19 | 1985-01-22 | The Johns Hopkins University | Plural module medication delivery system |
US4614192A (en) | 1982-04-21 | 1986-09-30 | Mieczyslaw Mirowski | Implantable cardiac defibrillator employing bipolar sensing and telemetry means |
US4450527A (en) | 1982-06-29 | 1984-05-22 | Bomed Medical Mfg. Ltd. | Noninvasive continuous cardiac output monitor |
US4814974A (en) * | 1982-07-02 | 1989-03-21 | American Telephone And Telegraph Company, At&T Bell Laboratories | Programmable memory-based arbitration system for implementing fixed and flexible priority arrangements |
US4556061A (en) | 1982-08-18 | 1985-12-03 | Cordis Corporation | Cardiac pacer with battery consumption monitor circuit |
US4550370A (en) | 1982-10-29 | 1985-10-29 | Medtronic, Inc. | Pacemaker programmer with telemetric functions |
US4596255A (en) * | 1982-11-08 | 1986-06-24 | Snell Jeffery D | Apparatus for interpreting and displaying cardiac events of a heart connected to a cardiac pacing means |
EP0132276B1 (en) * | 1983-01-21 | 1991-08-14 | Ramm Associates | Implantable hyperthermia device and system |
US4480483A (en) | 1983-04-06 | 1984-11-06 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Acousto-optical ultrasonic flowmeter |
US4543955A (en) | 1983-08-01 | 1985-10-01 | Cordis Corporation | System for controlling body implantable action device |
US4519401A (en) * | 1983-09-20 | 1985-05-28 | Case Western Reserve University | Pressure telemetry implant |
GB8325861D0 (en) | 1983-09-28 | 1983-11-02 | Syrinx Presicion Instr Ltd | Force transducer |
US4726380A (en) * | 1983-10-17 | 1988-02-23 | Telectronics, N.V. | Implantable cardiac pacer with discontinuous microprocessor, programmable antitachycardia mechanisms and patient data telemetry |
US4616640A (en) * | 1983-11-14 | 1986-10-14 | Steven Kaali | Birth control method and device employing electric forces |
US4583553A (en) | 1983-11-15 | 1986-04-22 | Medicomp, Inc. | Ambulatory ECG analyzer and recorder |
FR2559695B1 (en) * | 1984-02-20 | 1995-04-21 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DETECTING AND CONTROLLING THE POSITION OF AN ELECTRONIC WELDING BEAM |
US5178153A (en) * | 1984-03-08 | 1993-01-12 | Einzig Robert E | Fluid flow sensing apparatus for in vivo and industrial applications employing novel differential optical fiber pressure sensors |
US4585004A (en) | 1984-06-01 | 1986-04-29 | Cardiac Control Systems, Inc. | Heart pacing and intracardiac electrogram monitoring system and associated method |
US4768177A (en) | 1984-07-06 | 1988-08-30 | Kehr Bruce A | Method of and apparatus for alerting a patient to take medication |
US4768176A (en) | 1984-07-06 | 1988-08-30 | Kehr Bruce A | Apparatus for alerting a patient to take medication |
US4697595A (en) | 1984-07-24 | 1987-10-06 | Telectronics N.V. | Ultrasonically marked cardiac catheters |
GB8422876D0 (en) | 1984-09-11 | 1984-10-17 | Secr Defence | Silicon implant devices |
US4541431A (en) | 1984-09-20 | 1985-09-17 | Telectronics Pty. Ltd. | Use of telemetry coil to replace magnetically activated reed switch in implantable devices |
GB8424471D0 (en) * | 1984-09-27 | 1984-10-31 | Bordewijk L G | Remote control system for hearing-aid |
US4791936A (en) | 1985-02-15 | 1988-12-20 | Siemens-Pacesetter, Inc. | Apparatus for interpreting and displaying cardiac events of a heart connected to a cardiac pacing means |
US4651740A (en) | 1985-02-19 | 1987-03-24 | Cordis Corporation | Implant and control apparatus and method employing at least one tuning fork |
US4680957A (en) | 1985-05-02 | 1987-07-21 | The Davey Company | Non-invasive, in-line consistency measurement of a non-newtonian fluid |
US4676255A (en) * | 1985-07-03 | 1987-06-30 | Cosman Eric R | Telemetric in-vivo calibration method and apparatus using a negative pressure applicator |
US4677985A (en) | 1985-08-12 | 1987-07-07 | Bro William J | Apparatus and method for determining intracranial pressure and local cerebral blood flow |
US4708127A (en) | 1985-10-24 | 1987-11-24 | The Birtcher Corporation | Ultrasonic generating system with feedback control |
US4793827A (en) | 1985-11-01 | 1988-12-27 | Ashland Oil, Inc. | Hydrocarbon cracking catalyst |
US4781715A (en) | 1986-04-30 | 1988-11-01 | Temple University Of The Commonwealth System Of Higher Education | Cardiac prosthesis having integral blood pressure sensor |
EP0254945B1 (en) | 1986-07-15 | 1991-06-12 | Siemens-Elema AB | Pacemaker with a sensor for the detection of inertial and/or rotational movements of an object or a living being |
US4791915A (en) | 1986-09-29 | 1988-12-20 | Dynawave Corporation | Ultrasound therapy device |
US4716903A (en) * | 1986-10-06 | 1988-01-05 | Telectronics N.V. | Storage in a pacemaker memory |
JPS63115538A (en) | 1986-11-04 | 1988-05-20 | 株式会社日本エム・デイ・エム | Endocranial pressure measuring apparatus and ventricle shunt for measuring endocranial pressure |
US4920489A (en) | 1987-08-14 | 1990-04-24 | Cardiodata Inc. | Apparatus and method for solid state storage of episodic signals |
DE3732640C1 (en) | 1987-09-28 | 1989-05-18 | Alt Eckhard | Medical device for determining physiological functional parameters |
US4899752A (en) * | 1987-10-06 | 1990-02-13 | Leonard Bloom | System for and method of therapeutic stimulation of a patient's heart |
US4986270A (en) * | 1987-10-06 | 1991-01-22 | Leonard Bloom | Hemodynamically responsive system for and method of treating a malfunctioning heart |
US5163429A (en) | 1987-10-06 | 1992-11-17 | Leonard Bloom | Hemodynamically responsive system for treating a malfunctioning heart |
US4967749A (en) | 1987-10-06 | 1990-11-06 | Leonard Bloom | Hemodynamically responsive system for and method of treating a malfunctioning heart |
US4809697A (en) * | 1987-10-14 | 1989-03-07 | Siemens-Pacesetter, Inc. | Interactive programming and diagnostic system for use with implantable pacemaker |
US4945477A (en) | 1987-10-22 | 1990-07-31 | First Medic | Medical information system |
US4991579A (en) | 1987-11-10 | 1991-02-12 | Allen George S | Method and apparatus for providing related images over time of a portion of the anatomy using fiducial implants |
US4845503A (en) | 1988-02-05 | 1989-07-04 | Western Atlas International, Inc. | Electromagnetic digitizer |
US4854327A (en) | 1988-03-07 | 1989-08-08 | Kunig Horst E | Non-invasive and continuous cardiac performance monitoring device |
US5178151A (en) * | 1988-04-20 | 1993-01-12 | Sackner Marvin A | System for non-invasive detection of changes of cardiac volumes and aortic pulses |
US5007431A (en) | 1988-05-03 | 1991-04-16 | Care Systems, Inc. | Apparatus and method for updated recording of irregularities in an electrocardiogram waveform |
US4846191A (en) | 1988-05-27 | 1989-07-11 | Data Sciences, Inc. | Device for chronic measurement of internal body pressure |
EP0346685B1 (en) * | 1988-05-31 | 1994-04-20 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | An ambulatory electrocardiographic apparatus |
US5024224A (en) | 1988-09-01 | 1991-06-18 | Storz Instrument Company | Method of readout of implanted hearing aid device and apparatus therefor |
DE3831809A1 (en) | 1988-09-19 | 1990-03-22 | Funke Hermann | DEVICE DETERMINED AT LEAST PARTLY IN THE LIVING BODY |
DE58908109D1 (en) | 1989-02-10 | 1994-09-01 | Siemens Ag | Medical stimulation device adapted to physical activity. |
US4911217A (en) * | 1989-03-24 | 1990-03-27 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Integrated circuit transponder in a pneumatic tire for tire identification |
US4909259A (en) * | 1989-04-21 | 1990-03-20 | Tehrani Fleur T | Method and apparatus for determining metabolic rate ratio |
US5025795A (en) | 1989-06-28 | 1991-06-25 | Kunig Horst E | Non-invasive cardiac performance monitoring device and method |
US5040538A (en) | 1989-09-05 | 1991-08-20 | Siemens-Pacesetter, Inc. | Pulsed light blood oxygen content sensor system and method of using same |
US5267174A (en) | 1989-09-29 | 1993-11-30 | Healthtech Services Corp. | Interactive medication delivery system |
US5084828A (en) | 1989-09-29 | 1992-01-28 | Healthtech Services Corp. | Interactive medication delivery system |
US4995068A (en) * | 1989-10-02 | 1991-02-19 | S&S Inficon, Inc. | Radiation therapy imaging apparatus |
DE3939899A1 (en) | 1989-11-29 | 1991-06-06 | Biotronik Mess & Therapieg | HEART PACEMAKER |
US5200891A (en) | 1990-01-17 | 1993-04-06 | Bruce A. Kehr | Electronic medication dispensing method |
US5040536A (en) | 1990-01-31 | 1991-08-20 | Medtronic, Inc. | Intravascular pressure posture detector |
US4995398A (en) * | 1990-04-30 | 1991-02-26 | Turnidge Patrick A | Coronary angiography imaging system |
JPH0415034A (en) * | 1990-05-10 | 1992-01-20 | Japan Medical Dynamic Marketing Inc | Skull internal pressure measurement and device therefor |
US5160870A (en) | 1990-06-25 | 1992-11-03 | Carson Paul L | Ultrasonic image sensing array and method |
US5074310A (en) | 1990-07-31 | 1991-12-24 | Mick Edwin C | Method and apparatus for the measurement of intracranial pressure |
US5117835A (en) * | 1990-07-31 | 1992-06-02 | Mick Edwin C | Method and apparatus for the measurement of intracranial pressure |
US5052399A (en) | 1990-09-20 | 1991-10-01 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Holter function data encoder for implantable device |
DE4100568A1 (en) | 1991-01-11 | 1992-07-16 | Fehling Guido | DEVICE FOR MONITORING A PATIENT FOR REPELLATION REACTIONS OF AN IMPLANTED ORGAN |
US5184605A (en) | 1991-01-31 | 1993-02-09 | Excel Tech Ltd. | Therapeutic ultrasound generator with radiation dose control |
DE4104359A1 (en) | 1991-02-13 | 1992-08-20 | Implex Gmbh | CHARGING SYSTEM FOR IMPLANTABLE HOERHILFEN AND TINNITUS MASKERS |
US5161536A (en) | 1991-03-22 | 1992-11-10 | Catheter Technology | Ultrasonic position indicating apparatus and methods |
US5199428A (en) | 1991-03-22 | 1993-04-06 | Medtronic, Inc. | Implantable electrical nerve stimulator/pacemaker with ischemia for decreasing cardiac workload |
US5218861A (en) * | 1991-03-27 | 1993-06-15 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Pneumatic tire having an integrated circuit transponder and pressure transducer |
CA2106378A1 (en) | 1991-04-05 | 1992-10-06 | Tom D. Bennett | Subcutaneous multi-electrode sensing system |
US5279607A (en) * | 1991-05-30 | 1994-01-18 | The State University Of New York | Telemetry capsule and process |
US5279309A (en) * | 1991-06-13 | 1994-01-18 | International Business Machines Corporation | Signaling device and method for monitoring positions in a surgical operation |
US5154171A (en) | 1991-06-15 | 1992-10-13 | Raul Chirife | Rate adaptive pacemaker controlled by ejection fraction |
US5168869A (en) | 1991-06-17 | 1992-12-08 | Raul Chirife | Rate responsive pacemaker controlled by isovolumic contraction time |
US5277191A (en) * | 1991-06-19 | 1994-01-11 | Abbott Laboratories | Heated catheter for monitoring cardiac output |
US5213098A (en) | 1991-07-26 | 1993-05-25 | Medtronic, Inc. | Post-extrasystolic potentiation stimulation with physiologic sensor feedback |
US5217021A (en) | 1991-07-30 | 1993-06-08 | Telectronics Pacing Systems, Inc. | Detection of cardiac arrhythmias using correlation of a cardiac electrical signals and temporal data compression |
US5215098A (en) | 1991-08-12 | 1993-06-01 | Telectronics Pacing Systems, Inc. | Data compression of cardiac electrical signals using scanning correlation and temporal data compression |
US5263486A (en) | 1991-11-01 | 1993-11-23 | Telectronics Pacing Systems, Inc. | Apparatus and method for electrocardiogram data compression |
US5445150A (en) | 1991-11-18 | 1995-08-29 | General Electric Company | Invasive system employing a radiofrequency tracking system |
US5339051A (en) | 1991-12-09 | 1994-08-16 | Sandia Corporation | Micro-machined resonator oscillator |
US5313953A (en) | 1992-01-14 | 1994-05-24 | Incontrol, Inc. | Implantable cardiac patient monitor |
US5309919A (en) | 1992-03-02 | 1994-05-10 | Siemens Pacesetter, Inc. | Method and system for recording, reporting, and displaying the distribution of pacing events over time and for using same to optimize programming |
US5330505A (en) | 1992-05-08 | 1994-07-19 | Leonard Bloom | System for and method of treating a malfunctioning heart |
US5855609A (en) * | 1992-08-24 | 1999-01-05 | Lipomatrix, Incorporated (Bvi) | Medical information transponder implant and tracking system |
US5312446A (en) | 1992-08-26 | 1994-05-17 | Medtronic, Inc. | Compressed storage of data in cardiac pacemakers |
DE4233978C1 (en) * | 1992-10-08 | 1994-04-21 | Leibinger Gmbh | Body marking device for medical examinations |
US5354316A (en) | 1993-01-29 | 1994-10-11 | Medtronic, Inc. | Method and apparatus for detection and treatment of tachycardia and fibrillation |
SE9300281D0 (en) | 1993-01-29 | 1993-01-29 | Siemens Elema Ab | IMPLANTABLE MEDICAL DEVICE AND EXTRACORPORAL PROGRAMMING AND MONITORING DEVICE |
US5423334A (en) * | 1993-02-01 | 1995-06-13 | C. R. Bard, Inc. | Implantable medical device characterization system |
US5381067A (en) * | 1993-03-10 | 1995-01-10 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Electrical impedance normalization for an ultrasonic transducer array |
US5314457A (en) | 1993-04-08 | 1994-05-24 | Jeutter Dean C | Regenerative electrical |
US5873835A (en) * | 1993-04-29 | 1999-02-23 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Intravascular pressure and flow sensor |
US5289821A (en) * | 1993-06-30 | 1994-03-01 | Swartz William M | Method of ultrasonic Doppler monitoring of blood flow in a blood vessel |
US5490962A (en) * | 1993-10-18 | 1996-02-13 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Preparation of medical devices by solid free-form fabrication methods |
US5562621A (en) | 1993-11-22 | 1996-10-08 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Communication system for linking a medical device with a remote console |
IL108352A (en) * | 1994-01-17 | 2000-02-29 | Given Imaging Ltd | In vivo video camera system |
IL108470A (en) * | 1994-01-28 | 1998-12-06 | Mizur Technology Ltd | Passive sensor system using ultrasonic energy |
US5925001A (en) | 1994-04-11 | 1999-07-20 | Hoyt; Reed W. | Foot contact sensor system |
SE9401402D0 (en) * | 1994-04-25 | 1994-04-25 | Siemens Elema Ab | Medical implant |
US5704366A (en) | 1994-05-23 | 1998-01-06 | Enact Health Management Systems | System for monitoring and reporting medical measurements |
US6185457B1 (en) * | 1994-05-31 | 2001-02-06 | Galvani, Ltd. | Method and apparatus for electrically forcing cardiac output in an arrhythmia patient |
US5488954A (en) * | 1994-09-09 | 1996-02-06 | Georgia Tech Research Corp. | Ultrasonic transducer and method for using same |
EP0706835B1 (en) * | 1994-10-10 | 1999-01-20 | Endress + Hauser GmbH + Co. | Method of operating an ultrasonic piezoelectric transducer and circuit arrangement for performing the method |
US5495453A (en) * | 1994-10-19 | 1996-02-27 | Intel Corporation | Low power voltage detector circuit including a flash memory cell |
US5712917A (en) * | 1994-11-22 | 1998-01-27 | George C. Offutt | System and method for creating auditory sensations |
US5641915A (en) * | 1995-02-03 | 1997-06-24 | Lockheed Idaho Technologies Company | Device and method for measuring multi-phase fluid flow in a conduit using an elbow flow meter |
US5868673A (en) * | 1995-03-28 | 1999-02-09 | Sonometrics Corporation | System for carrying out surgery, biopsy and ablation of a tumor or other physical anomaly |
US5639972A (en) * | 1995-03-31 | 1997-06-17 | Caldon, Inc. | Apparatus for determining fluid flow |
CA2178541C (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 2009-11-24 | Neal E. Fearnot | Implantable medical device |
US5729129A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1998-03-17 | Biosense, Inc. | Magnetic location system with feedback adjustment of magnetic field generator |
US5709216A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1998-01-20 | Sulzer Intermedics, Inc. | Data reduction of sensed values in an implantable medical device through the use of a variable resolution technique |
US5759199A (en) * | 1995-08-02 | 1998-06-02 | Pacesetter, Inc. | System and method for ambulatory monitoring and programming of an implantable medical device |
US5724985A (en) * | 1995-08-02 | 1998-03-10 | Pacesetter, Inc. | User interface for an implantable medical device using an integrated digitizer display screen |
US5743267A (en) * | 1995-10-19 | 1998-04-28 | Telecom Medical, Inc. | System and method to monitor the heart of a patient |
US5704352A (en) * | 1995-11-22 | 1998-01-06 | Tremblay; Gerald F. | Implantable passive bio-sensor |
SE9504233D0 (en) * | 1995-11-27 | 1995-11-27 | Pacesetter Ab | Implantable medical device |
US5721886A (en) * | 1995-11-30 | 1998-02-24 | Ncr Corporation | Synchronizer circuit which controls switching of clocks based upon synchronicity, asynchronicity, or change in frequency |
US5856722A (en) * | 1996-01-02 | 1999-01-05 | Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. | Microelectromechanics-based frequency signature sensor |
US5935078A (en) | 1996-01-30 | 1999-08-10 | Telecom Medical, Inc. | Transdermal communication system and method |
US5603331A (en) * | 1996-02-12 | 1997-02-18 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Data logging system for implantable cardiac device |
IL125758A (en) * | 1996-02-15 | 2003-07-06 | Biosense Inc | Medical probes with field transducers |
US6051017A (en) * | 1996-02-20 | 2000-04-18 | Advanced Bionics Corporation | Implantable microstimulator and systems employing the same |
US5800478A (en) | 1996-03-07 | 1998-09-01 | Light Sciences Limited Partnership | Flexible microcircuits for internal light therapy |
US5833603A (en) | 1996-03-13 | 1998-11-10 | Lipomatrix, Inc. | Implantable biosensing transponder |
US5880661A (en) * | 1996-04-01 | 1999-03-09 | Emf Therapeutics, Inc. | Complex magnetic field generating device |
US5861018A (en) * | 1996-05-28 | 1999-01-19 | Telecom Medical Inc. | Ultrasound transdermal communication system and method |
US5733313A (en) * | 1996-08-01 | 1998-03-31 | Exonix Corporation | RF coupled, implantable medical device with rechargeable back-up power source |
US6689091B2 (en) | 1996-08-02 | 2004-02-10 | Tuan Bui | Medical apparatus with remote control |
US5732708A (en) * | 1996-08-09 | 1998-03-31 | Pacesetter, Inc. | Method for storing EGM and diagnostic data in a read/write memory of an implantable cardiac therapy device |
US6070103A (en) * | 1996-11-05 | 2000-05-30 | Intermedics Inc. | Apparatus for making direct electrical connection with an implantable medical device |
US5749909A (en) * | 1996-11-07 | 1998-05-12 | Sulzer Intermedics Inc. | Transcutaneous energy coupling using piezoelectric device |
US6021347A (en) * | 1996-12-05 | 2000-02-01 | Herbst; Ewa | Electrochemical treatment of malignant tumors |
US5814089A (en) | 1996-12-18 | 1998-09-29 | Medtronic, Inc. | Leadless multisite implantable stimulus and diagnostic system |
US5957861A (en) | 1997-01-31 | 1999-09-28 | Medtronic, Inc. | Impedance monitor for discerning edema through evaluation of respiratory rate |
CA2281880C (en) * | 1997-02-26 | 2007-03-06 | Alfred E. Mann Foundation For Scientific Research | Battery-powered patient implantable device |
US6208894B1 (en) | 1997-02-26 | 2001-03-27 | Alfred E. Mann Foundation For Scientific Research And Advanced Bionics | System of implantable devices for monitoring and/or affecting body parameters |
US6164284A (en) * | 1997-02-26 | 2000-12-26 | Schulman; Joseph H. | System of implantable devices for monitoring and/or affecting body parameters |
US6015387A (en) * | 1997-03-20 | 2000-01-18 | Medivas, Llc | Implantation devices for monitoring and regulating blood flow |
WO1998051255A1 (en) | 1997-05-15 | 1998-11-19 | Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. | Ultrasonic device |
TW370458B (en) | 1997-08-11 | 1999-09-21 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Ultrasonic facial apparatus |
US6731976B2 (en) * | 1997-09-03 | 2004-05-04 | Medtronic, Inc. | Device and method to measure and communicate body parameters |
US6248080B1 (en) | 1997-09-03 | 2001-06-19 | Medtronic, Inc. | Intracranial monitoring and therapy delivery control device, system and method |
US6409674B1 (en) | 1998-09-24 | 2002-06-25 | Data Sciences International, Inc. | Implantable sensor with wireless communication |
US5807258A (en) | 1997-10-14 | 1998-09-15 | Cimochowski; George E. | Ultrasonic sensors for monitoring the condition of a vascular graft |
US20060064135A1 (en) * | 1997-10-14 | 2006-03-23 | Transoma Medical, Inc. | Implantable pressure sensor with pacing capability |
US6431175B1 (en) | 1997-12-30 | 2002-08-13 | Remon Medical Technologies Ltd. | System and method for directing and monitoring radiation |
US6432050B1 (en) * | 1997-12-30 | 2002-08-13 | Remon Medical Technologies Ltd. | Implantable acoustic bio-sensing system and method |
US6198965B1 (en) * | 1997-12-30 | 2001-03-06 | Remon Medical Technologies, Ltd. | Acoustic telemetry system and method for monitoring a rejection reaction of a transplanted organ |
US20030036746A1 (en) * | 2001-08-16 | 2003-02-20 | Avi Penner | Devices for intrabody delivery of molecules and systems and methods utilizing same |
US6237398B1 (en) * | 1997-12-30 | 2001-05-29 | Remon Medical Technologies, Ltd. | System and method for monitoring pressure, flow and constriction parameters of plumbing and blood vessels |
US6140740A (en) | 1997-12-30 | 2000-10-31 | Remon Medical Technologies, Ltd. | Piezoelectric transducer |
SG71881A1 (en) | 1998-01-08 | 2000-04-18 | Microsense Cardiovascular Sys | Method and device for fixation of a sensor in a bodily lumen |
US6261249B1 (en) | 1998-03-17 | 2001-07-17 | Exogen Inc. | Ultrasonic treatment controller including gel sensing circuit |
US5904708A (en) | 1998-03-19 | 1999-05-18 | Medtronic, Inc. | System and method for deriving relative physiologic signals |
US6030374A (en) | 1998-05-29 | 2000-02-29 | Mcdaniel; David H. | Ultrasound enhancement of percutaneous drug absorption |
US6023641A (en) * | 1998-04-29 | 2000-02-08 | Medtronic, Inc. | Power consumption reduction in medical devices employing multiple digital signal processors |
US5891180A (en) * | 1998-04-29 | 1999-04-06 | Medtronic Inc. | Interrogation of an implantable medical device using audible sound communication |
US6185454B1 (en) * | 1998-04-29 | 2001-02-06 | Medtronic, Inc. | Power consumption reduction in medical devices employing just-in-time voltage control |
US6167303A (en) | 1998-04-29 | 2000-12-26 | Medtronic, Inc. | Power consumption reduction in medical devices employing just-in-time clock |
US6206914B1 (en) * | 1998-04-30 | 2001-03-27 | Medtronic, Inc. | Implantable system with drug-eluting cells for on-demand local drug delivery |
US6144880A (en) * | 1998-05-08 | 2000-11-07 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Cardiac pacing using adjustable atrio-ventricular delays |
US6141588A (en) | 1998-07-24 | 2000-10-31 | Intermedics Inc. | Cardiac simulation system having multiple stimulators for anti-arrhythmia therapy |
US6260152B1 (en) | 1998-07-30 | 2001-07-10 | Siemens Information And Communication Networks, Inc. | Method and apparatus for synchronizing data transfers in a logic circuit having plural clock domains |
US6735532B2 (en) * | 1998-09-30 | 2004-05-11 | L. Vad Technology, Inc. | Cardiovascular support control system |
US6236889B1 (en) | 1999-01-22 | 2001-05-22 | Medtronic, Inc. | Method and apparatus for accoustically coupling implantable medical device telemetry data to a telephonic connection |
US6179767B1 (en) * | 1999-02-01 | 2001-01-30 | International Business Machines Corporation | Focussing of therapeutic radiation on internal structures of living bodies |
US6561978B1 (en) | 1999-02-12 | 2003-05-13 | Cygnus, Inc. | Devices and methods for frequent measurement of an analyte present in a biological system |
US6162238A (en) * | 1999-02-24 | 2000-12-19 | Aaron V. Kaplan | Apparatus and methods for control of body lumens |
US6170488B1 (en) * | 1999-03-24 | 2001-01-09 | The B. F. Goodrich Company | Acoustic-based remotely interrogated diagnostic implant device and system |
DE19915846C1 (en) * | 1999-04-08 | 2000-08-31 | Implex Hear Tech Ag | Partially implantable system for rehabilitating hearing trouble includes a cordless telemetry device to transfer data between an implantable part, an external unit and an energy supply. |
US6200265B1 (en) | 1999-04-16 | 2001-03-13 | Medtronic, Inc. | Peripheral memory patch and access method for use with an implantable medical device |
US6166518A (en) | 1999-04-26 | 2000-12-26 | Exonix Corporation | Implantable power management system |
US6171252B1 (en) * | 1999-04-29 | 2001-01-09 | Medtronic, Inc. | Pressure sensor with increased sensitivity for use with an implantable medical device |
US6201991B1 (en) * | 1999-05-07 | 2001-03-13 | Heart Care Associates, Llc | Method of prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis and article of manufacture therefor |
FR2793131B1 (en) * | 1999-05-07 | 2001-08-03 | Bruker Medical Sa | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ACQUIRING THE ELECTROCARDIOGRAM |
US6259951B1 (en) | 1999-05-14 | 2001-07-10 | Advanced Bionics Corporation | Implantable cochlear stimulator system incorporating combination electrode/transducer |
FR2794018B1 (en) | 1999-05-26 | 2002-05-24 | Technomed Medical Systems | ULTRASONIC LOCATION AND TREATMENT APPARATUS |
US6607485B2 (en) | 1999-06-03 | 2003-08-19 | Cardiac Intelligence Corporation | Computer readable storage medium containing code for automated collection and analysis of patient information retrieved from an implantable medical device for remote patient care |
US6347245B1 (en) * | 1999-07-14 | 2002-02-12 | Medtronic, Inc. | Medical device ECG marker for use in compressed data system |
US20020023123A1 (en) * | 1999-07-26 | 2002-02-21 | Justin P. Madison | Geographic data locator |
US6526314B1 (en) * | 1999-08-20 | 2003-02-25 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Data management system for implantable cardiac device |
US6453201B1 (en) | 1999-10-20 | 2002-09-17 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Implantable medical device with voice responding and recording capacity |
US6442433B1 (en) | 1999-10-26 | 2002-08-27 | Medtronic, Inc. | Apparatus and method for remote troubleshooting, maintenance and upgrade of implantable device systems |
DE10053118A1 (en) * | 1999-10-29 | 2001-05-31 | Medtronic Inc | Remote self-identification apparatus and method for components in medical device systems |
US6277078B1 (en) * | 1999-11-19 | 2001-08-21 | Remon Medical Technologies, Ltd. | System and method for monitoring a parameter associated with the performance of a heart |
SE9904626D0 (en) * | 1999-12-16 | 1999-12-16 | Pacesetter Ab | Programming system for medical devices |
US6473638B2 (en) | 1999-12-24 | 2002-10-29 | Medtronic, Inc. | Medical device GUI for cardiac electrophysiology display and data communication |
US6799280B1 (en) | 2000-01-04 | 2004-09-28 | Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. | System and method for synchronizing data transfer from one domain to another by selecting output data from either a first or second storage device |
US6873268B2 (en) | 2000-01-21 | 2005-03-29 | Medtronic Minimed, Inc. | Microprocessor controlled ambulatory medical apparatus with hand held communication device |
US20010025139A1 (en) | 2000-01-31 | 2001-09-27 | Pearlman Justin D. | Multivariate cardiac monitor |
US6840956B1 (en) * | 2000-03-10 | 2005-01-11 | Remon Medical Technologies Ltd | Systems and methods for deploying a biosensor with a stent graft |
US6699186B1 (en) * | 2000-03-10 | 2004-03-02 | Remon Medical Technologies Ltd | Methods and apparatus for deploying and implantable biosensor |
DE60107062T2 (en) | 2000-03-31 | 2005-11-24 | Advanced Bionics Corp., Sylmar | COMPLETELY IMPLANTABLE COCHLEA MICROPROTHESIS WITH A VARIETY OF CONTACTS |
US6622050B2 (en) * | 2000-03-31 | 2003-09-16 | Medtronic, Inc. | Variable encryption scheme for data transfer between medical devices and related data management systems |
US6708061B2 (en) * | 2000-04-07 | 2004-03-16 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Cardiac rhythm management system with optimization of cardiac performance using heart rate |
US6442413B1 (en) | 2000-05-15 | 2002-08-27 | James H. Silver | Implantable sensor |
WO2001097909A2 (en) | 2000-06-14 | 2001-12-27 | Medtronic, Inc. | Deep computing applications in medical device systems |
EP1309960A4 (en) | 2000-06-30 | 2004-06-23 | Digital Angel Corp | System and method for remotely monitoring |
US6522914B1 (en) * | 2000-07-14 | 2003-02-18 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Method and apparatuses for monitoring hemodynamic activities using an intracardiac impedance-derived parameter |
US20020072691A1 (en) | 2000-08-24 | 2002-06-13 | Timi 3 Systems, Inc. | Systems and methods for applying ultrasonic energy to the thoracic cavity |
US6790187B2 (en) | 2000-08-24 | 2004-09-14 | Timi 3 Systems, Inc. | Systems and methods for applying ultrasonic energy |
US6628989B1 (en) * | 2000-10-16 | 2003-09-30 | Remon Medical Technologies, Ltd. | Acoustic switch and apparatus and methods for using acoustic switches within a body |
US7198603B2 (en) * | 2003-04-14 | 2007-04-03 | Remon Medical Technologies, Inc. | Apparatus and methods using acoustic telemetry for intrabody communications |
US6764446B2 (en) * | 2000-10-16 | 2004-07-20 | Remon Medical Technologies Ltd | Implantable pressure sensors and methods for making and using them |
US7273457B2 (en) * | 2000-10-16 | 2007-09-25 | Remon Medical Technologies, Ltd. | Barometric pressure correction based on remote sources of information |
US7283874B2 (en) | 2000-10-16 | 2007-10-16 | Remon Medical Technologies Ltd. | Acoustically powered implantable stimulating device |
US7024248B2 (en) * | 2000-10-16 | 2006-04-04 | Remon Medical Technologies Ltd | Systems and methods for communicating with implantable devices |
CA2430748A1 (en) * | 2000-12-01 | 2002-06-06 | Medtronic, Inc. | Method and apparatus for measurement of mean pulmonary artery pressure form a ventricle in an ambulatory monitor |
US6584352B2 (en) * | 2000-12-27 | 2003-06-24 | Medtronic, Inc. | Leadless fully automatic pacemaker follow-up |
WO2002062215A2 (en) | 2001-01-04 | 2002-08-15 | Medtronic, Inc. | Implantable medical device with sensor |
US6708065B2 (en) * | 2001-03-02 | 2004-03-16 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Antenna for an implantable medical device |
AU2002255953A1 (en) | 2001-03-27 | 2002-10-08 | Aron Z. Kain | Wireless system for measuring distension in flexible tubes |
US6960801B2 (en) | 2001-06-14 | 2005-11-01 | Macronix International Co., Ltd. | High density single transistor ferroelectric non-volatile memory |
US6472991B1 (en) | 2001-06-15 | 2002-10-29 | Alfred E. Mann Foundation For Scientific Research | Multichannel communication protocol configured to extend the battery life of an implantable device |
US6702847B2 (en) * | 2001-06-29 | 2004-03-09 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Endoluminal device with indicator member for remote detection of endoleaks and/or changes in device morphology |
JP2003017556A (en) * | 2001-06-29 | 2003-01-17 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Semiconductor device and method of manufacturing same |
US20030009204A1 (en) * | 2001-07-06 | 2003-01-09 | Amundson Mark D. | Adapative telemetry system and method for an implantable medical device |
US6675049B2 (en) * | 2001-07-17 | 2004-01-06 | Medtronic, Inc. | Method and apparatus for automatic implantable medical lead recognition and configuration |
US6988215B2 (en) * | 2001-09-14 | 2006-01-17 | Medtronic, Inc. | Method and apparatus for synchronization of clock domains |
US6671552B2 (en) | 2001-10-02 | 2003-12-30 | Medtronic, Inc. | System and method for determining remaining battery life for an implantable medical device |
US6804557B1 (en) | 2001-10-11 | 2004-10-12 | Pacesetter, Inc. | Battery monitoring system for an implantable medical device |
US6809507B2 (en) * | 2001-10-23 | 2004-10-26 | Medtronic Minimed, Inc. | Implantable sensor electrodes and electronic circuitry |
US6712772B2 (en) * | 2001-11-29 | 2004-03-30 | Biocontrol Medical Ltd. | Low power consumption implantable pressure sensor |
US7729776B2 (en) * | 2001-12-19 | 2010-06-01 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Implantable medical device with two or more telemetry systems |
US7082334B2 (en) | 2001-12-19 | 2006-07-25 | Medtronic, Inc. | System and method for transmission of medical and like data from a patient to a dedicated internet website |
US6993393B2 (en) * | 2001-12-19 | 2006-01-31 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Telemetry duty cycle management system for an implantable medical device |
US7018336B2 (en) * | 2001-12-27 | 2006-03-28 | Medtronic Minimed, Inc. | Implantable sensor flush sleeve |
US7060030B2 (en) * | 2002-01-08 | 2006-06-13 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Two-hop telemetry interface for medical device |
US7096068B2 (en) | 2002-01-17 | 2006-08-22 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | User-attachable or detachable telemetry module for medical devices |
US6855115B2 (en) * | 2002-01-22 | 2005-02-15 | Cardiomems, Inc. | Implantable wireless sensor for pressure measurement within the heart |
US20030181794A1 (en) * | 2002-01-29 | 2003-09-25 | Rini Christopher J. | Implantable sensor housing, sensor unit and methods for forming and using the same |
US6985773B2 (en) * | 2002-02-07 | 2006-01-10 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Methods and apparatuses for implantable medical device telemetry power management |
US7236821B2 (en) * | 2002-02-19 | 2007-06-26 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Chronically-implanted device for sensing and therapy |
US6985088B2 (en) * | 2002-03-15 | 2006-01-10 | Medtronic, Inc. | Telemetry module with configurable data layer for use with an implantable medical device |
US7061381B2 (en) * | 2002-04-05 | 2006-06-13 | Beezerbug Incorporated | Ultrasonic transmitter and receiver systems and products using the same |
US6978181B1 (en) | 2002-05-24 | 2005-12-20 | Pacesetter, Inc. | Inter-programmer communication among programmers of implantable medical devices |
US20040044393A1 (en) * | 2002-08-27 | 2004-03-04 | Remon Medical Technologies Ltd. | Implant system |
US7013178B2 (en) * | 2002-09-25 | 2006-03-14 | Medtronic, Inc. | Implantable medical device communication system |
US7209790B2 (en) | 2002-09-30 | 2007-04-24 | Medtronic, Inc. | Multi-mode programmer for medical device communication |
US7027871B2 (en) * | 2002-10-31 | 2006-04-11 | Medtronic, Inc. | Aggregation of data from external data sources within an implantable medical device |
US6868346B2 (en) * | 2002-11-27 | 2005-03-15 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Minute ventilation sensor with automatic high pass filter adjustment |
US7160252B2 (en) * | 2003-01-10 | 2007-01-09 | Medtronic, Inc. | Method and apparatus for detecting respiratory disturbances |
US7123964B2 (en) | 2003-02-15 | 2006-10-17 | Medtronic, Inc. | Replacement indicator timer for implantable medical devices |
US7035684B2 (en) | 2003-02-26 | 2006-04-25 | Medtronic, Inc. | Method and apparatus for monitoring heart function in a subcutaneously implanted device |
US6869404B2 (en) * | 2003-02-26 | 2005-03-22 | Medtronic, Inc. | Apparatus and method for chronically monitoring heart sounds for deriving estimated blood pressure |
US6871088B2 (en) * | 2003-03-20 | 2005-03-22 | Medtronic, Inc. | Method and apparatus for optimizing cardiac resynchronization therapy |
US20040210141A1 (en) | 2003-04-15 | 2004-10-21 | Miller David G. | Apparatus and method for dissipating heat produced by TEE probes |
US7203551B2 (en) * | 2003-04-25 | 2007-04-10 | Medtronic, Inc. | Implantable lead-based sensor powered by piezoelectric transformer |
US20050060186A1 (en) * | 2003-08-28 | 2005-03-17 | Blowers Paul A. | Prioritized presentation of medical device events |
US6970037B2 (en) | 2003-09-05 | 2005-11-29 | Catalyst Semiconductor, Inc. | Programmable analog bias circuits using floating gate CMOS technology |
US20050065815A1 (en) * | 2003-09-19 | 2005-03-24 | Mazar Scott Thomas | Information management system and method for an implantable medical device |
US7286872B2 (en) | 2003-10-07 | 2007-10-23 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Method and apparatus for managing data from multiple sensing channels |
US7003350B2 (en) * | 2003-11-03 | 2006-02-21 | Kenergy, Inc. | Intravenous cardiac pacing system with wireless power supply |
US7512438B2 (en) * | 2003-11-26 | 2009-03-31 | Angel Medical Systems, Inc. | Implantable system for monitoring the condition of the heart |
US7783355B2 (en) | 2004-01-21 | 2010-08-24 | Medtronic, Inc. | Dynamic adjustment of capture management “safety margin” |
WO2005099816A1 (en) * | 2004-04-07 | 2005-10-27 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | System and method for rf transceiver duty cycling in an implantable medical device |
US20050288727A1 (en) | 2004-06-01 | 2005-12-29 | Abraham Penner | Wireless sensing devices for evaluating heart performance |
US7489967B2 (en) | 2004-07-09 | 2009-02-10 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Method and apparatus of acoustic communication for implantable medical device |
WO2006014687A1 (en) * | 2004-07-20 | 2006-02-09 | Medtronic, Inc. | Switched power using telemetry in an implantable medical device |
US7743151B2 (en) * | 2004-08-05 | 2010-06-22 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | System and method for providing digital data communications over a wireless intra-body network |
US7620452B1 (en) | 2004-08-10 | 2009-11-17 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Systems and methods for managing the longevity of an implantable medical device battery |
US20060049957A1 (en) * | 2004-08-13 | 2006-03-09 | Surgenor Timothy R | Biological interface systems with controlled device selector and related methods |
US20060041223A1 (en) * | 2004-08-18 | 2006-02-23 | Medtronic, Inc. | All-in-one interface for programmable implantable medical device |
US7335161B2 (en) * | 2004-08-20 | 2008-02-26 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Techniques for blood pressure measurement by implantable device |
US20060064134A1 (en) * | 2004-09-17 | 2006-03-23 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Systems and methods for deriving relative physiologic measurements |
US20060064133A1 (en) * | 2004-09-17 | 2006-03-23 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | System and method for deriving relative physiologic measurements using an external computing device |
US7532933B2 (en) | 2004-10-20 | 2009-05-12 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Leadless cardiac stimulation systems |
EP1838210B1 (en) | 2004-11-24 | 2010-10-13 | Remon Medical Technologies Ltd. | Implantable medical device with integrated acoustic transducer |
US8374693B2 (en) * | 2004-12-03 | 2013-02-12 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Systems and methods for timing-based communication between implantable medical devices |
US7469161B1 (en) | 2004-12-16 | 2008-12-23 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Systems and methods for monitoring and managing power consumption of an implantable medical device |
US7353063B2 (en) * | 2004-12-22 | 2008-04-01 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Generating and communicating web content from within an implantable medical device |
US8002704B2 (en) | 2005-05-25 | 2011-08-23 | General Electric Company | Method and system for determining contact along a surface of an ultrasound probe |
US8494618B2 (en) * | 2005-08-22 | 2013-07-23 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Intracardiac impedance and its applications |
US8046069B2 (en) | 2005-12-22 | 2011-10-25 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Method and apparatus for control of cardiac therapy using non-invasive hemodynamic sensor |
US8078278B2 (en) | 2006-01-10 | 2011-12-13 | Remon Medical Technologies Ltd. | Body attachable unit in wireless communication with implantable devices |
US7650185B2 (en) | 2006-04-25 | 2010-01-19 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | System and method for walking an implantable medical device from a sleep state |
US7955268B2 (en) * | 2006-07-21 | 2011-06-07 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Multiple sensor deployment |
US7908334B2 (en) * | 2006-07-21 | 2011-03-15 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | System and method for addressing implantable devices |
JP5156749B2 (en) * | 2006-09-15 | 2013-03-06 | カーディアック ペースメイカーズ, インコーポレイテッド | Implantable sensor anchor |
US20080171941A1 (en) | 2007-01-12 | 2008-07-17 | Huelskamp Paul J | Low power methods for pressure waveform signal sampling using implantable medical devices |
US8340776B2 (en) | 2007-03-26 | 2012-12-25 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Biased acoustic switch for implantable medical device |
-
2001
- 2001-11-19 US US09/989,912 patent/US7024248B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2002
- 2002-11-16 AU AU2002347447A patent/AU2002347447A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-11-16 CA CA002463293A patent/CA2463293A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-11-16 EP EP02783381A patent/EP1446188B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-11-16 EP EP10075193.2A patent/EP2228095B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-11-16 AT AT02783381T patent/ATE472345T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-11-16 WO PCT/IB2002/004789 patent/WO2003043688A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-11-16 DE DE60236884T patent/DE60236884D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2006
- 2006-03-06 US US11/276,576 patent/US7617001B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2007
- 2007-09-19 US US11/858,085 patent/US7641619B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-10-22 US US11/876,620 patent/US7756587B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE60236884D1 (en) | 2010-08-12 |
US7024248B2 (en) | 2006-04-04 |
AU2002347447A1 (en) | 2003-06-10 |
EP1446188B1 (en) | 2010-06-30 |
EP2228095A3 (en) | 2010-09-22 |
EP1446188A1 (en) | 2004-08-18 |
WO2003043688A1 (en) | 2003-05-30 |
US20060142819A1 (en) | 2006-06-29 |
US7617001B2 (en) | 2009-11-10 |
US20080103553A1 (en) | 2008-05-01 |
US20080015421A1 (en) | 2008-01-17 |
ATE472345T1 (en) | 2010-07-15 |
US7756587B2 (en) | 2010-07-13 |
US7641619B2 (en) | 2010-01-05 |
EP2228095B1 (en) | 2017-04-26 |
US20020077673A1 (en) | 2002-06-20 |
EP2228095A2 (en) | 2010-09-15 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP2228095B1 (en) | Systems and methods for communicating with implantable devices | |
US6628989B1 (en) | Acoustic switch and apparatus and methods for using acoustic switches within a body | |
US7930031B2 (en) | Acoustically powered implantable stimulating device | |
JP6457438B2 (en) | Implantable device for external urination control | |
CA2485488C (en) | Correction of barometric pressure based on remote sources of information | |
WO2009120490A1 (en) | Telemetry control for implantable medical devices | |
JP2021142414A (en) | Implantable device for internal urinary control | |
EP2231268B1 (en) | Mechanical control of electrical nerve stimulation system for the treatment of pelvic disorders | |
WO2009080785A1 (en) | Treatment of pelvic disorders by electrical nerve stimulation | |
EP2231269A1 (en) | Inductive control of electrical nerve stimulation system for the treatment of pelvic disorders | |
Kim | Acoustically powered wireless medical implants |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
FZDE | Discontinued |