CA2458865A1 - Material for chromatography_and method for manufacturing the material - Google Patents

Material for chromatography_and method for manufacturing the material Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2458865A1
CA2458865A1 CA002458865A CA2458865A CA2458865A1 CA 2458865 A1 CA2458865 A1 CA 2458865A1 CA 002458865 A CA002458865 A CA 002458865A CA 2458865 A CA2458865 A CA 2458865A CA 2458865 A1 CA2458865 A1 CA 2458865A1
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granules
mixture
carbonaceous
carbonaceous particles
granulated
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CA2458865C (en
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Gregory T. Gaudet
Agathagelos Kyrlidis
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Cabot Corp
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Individual
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
    • B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
    • B01J20/3231—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the coating or impregnating layer
    • B01J20/3242—Layers with a functional group, e.g. an affinity material, a ligand, a reactant or a complexing group
    • B01J20/3244—Non-macromolecular compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28002—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
    • B01J20/28004—Sorbent size or size distribution, e.g. particle size
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28002—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
    • B01J20/28004—Sorbent size or size distribution, e.g. particle size
    • B01J20/28007—Sorbent size or size distribution, e.g. particle size with size in the range 1-100 nanometers, e.g. nanosized particles, nanofibers, nanotubes, nanowires or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/28016—Particle form
    • B01J20/28019—Spherical, ellipsoidal or cylindrical
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/2803—Sorbents comprising a binder, e.g. for forming aggregated, agglomerated or granulated products
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
    • B01J20/28057—Surface area, e.g. B.E.T specific surface area
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
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    • B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
    • B01J20/28069—Pore volume, e.g. total pore volume, mesopore volume, micropore volume
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
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    • B01J20/28069—Pore volume, e.g. total pore volume, mesopore volume, micropore volume
    • B01J20/28071—Pore volume, e.g. total pore volume, mesopore volume, micropore volume being less than 0.5 ml/g
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
    • B01J20/28078—Pore diameter
    • B01J20/2808—Pore diameter being less than 2 nm, i.e. micropores or nanopores
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/281—Sorbents specially adapted for preparative, analytical or investigative chromatography
    • B01J20/282—Porous sorbents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/281—Sorbents specially adapted for preparative, analytical or investigative chromatography
    • B01J20/286—Phases chemically bonded to a substrate, e.g. to silica or to polymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
    • B01J20/3078—Thermal treatment, e.g. calcining or pyrolizing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
    • B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
    • B01J20/3202—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the carrier, support or substrate used for impregnation or coating
    • B01J20/3204—Inorganic carriers, supports or substrates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
    • B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
    • B01J20/3231—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the coating or impregnating layer
    • B01J20/3242—Layers with a functional group, e.g. an affinity material, a ligand, a reactant or a complexing group
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
    • C09C1/44—Carbon
    • C09C1/48—Carbon black
    • C09C1/56—Treatment of carbon black ; Purification
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
    • C09C1/44—Carbon
    • C09C1/48—Carbon black
    • C09C1/56—Treatment of carbon black ; Purification
    • C09C1/58—Agglomerating, pelleting, or the like by wet methods
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
    • C09C1/44—Carbon
    • C09C1/48—Carbon black
    • C09C1/56—Treatment of carbon black ; Purification
    • C09C1/60—Agglomerating, pelleting, or the like by dry methods
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
    • B01J2220/50—Aspects relating to the use of sorbent or filter aid materials
    • B01J2220/54—Sorbents specially adapted for analytical or investigative chromatography
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
    • C01P2004/03—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
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    • C01P2004/64—Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]

Abstract

Granulated products are provided and include carbonaceous particles and a carbonized agent or binder. The agent or binder is preferably a synthetic resin, pitch component, or mixture thereof Packing materials for packing colunms used in chromatographic separations are also provided as are methods of chromatographic separation using the materials. In addition, methods are provided to provide a variety of different types of carbonaceous products. A
variety of chemical groups can be, prior to heat-treatment and/or thereafter, attached to the granules to form modified granules.

Claims (46)

1. A granulated product comprising: carbonaceous particles and at least one carbonized synthetic resin, carbonized pitch component, or mixtures thereof, wherein said granulated product has attached at least one organic group.
2. The granulated product of claim 1, wherein said carbonaceous particles have a specific surface area of from about 15 to about 550 m2/g and a total micropore volume of from about 0.01 to about 2.0 ml/g.
3. The granulated product of claim 1, wherein said packing material has a ratio V0.5/V1.0 of about 0.4 or smaller, wherein V0.5 is the nitrogen gas adsorption volume at a relative pressure P/P0 of 0.5 and V1.0 is the nitrogen gas adsorption volume at a relative pressure P/P0 of about 1.0 at a nitrogen gas adsorption isotherm.
4. The granulated product of claim 1, wherein said carbonaceous particles are carbon black particles.
5. The granulated product of claim 1, wherein said granulated product comprises a carbonized synthetic resin and said synthetic resin is a phenol resin, a furan resin, a furfural resin, a divinyl benzene resin, a urea resin, or a combination thereof.
6. The granulated product of claim 1, wherein said granulated product comprises a carbonized pitch component and said pitch component is at least one of a toluene-soluble pitch component or a benzene-soluble pitch component, or a combination thereof.
7. The granulated product of claim 6, wherein said pitch component comprises a petroleum pitch, a coal-tar pitch, a liquefied coal oil, or a combination thereof.
8. The granulated product of claim 1, wherein said carbonaceous particles comprise 100 parts by weight carbon black and said mixture comprises from about 5 to about 500 parts by weight said synthetic resin, pitch component, or both.
9. The granulated product of claim 1, wherein said organic group contains an ionic group or an ionizable group.
10. The granulated product of claim 1, wherein said carbonaceous particles are substantially spherical.
11. The granulated product of claim 1, wherein said carbonaceous particles are aggregates comprising a carbon phase and a silicon-containing species phase.
12. The granulated product of claim 1, wherein said carbonized synthetic resin, carbonized pitch component, or carbonized synthetic resin/pitch component mixture has been carbonized by heating to a temperature of from about 400° C to less than 800° C.
13. The granulated product of claim 1, wherein said carbonized synthetic resin, carbonized pitch component, or carbonized synthetic resin/pitch component mixture has been carbonized by heating to a temperature of from about 400° C to about 700° C.
14. A method of chromatographic separation or solid phase extraction comprising passing a sample having components to be separated through a plurality of the granulated products of claim 1.
15. A method of liquid chromatographic separation or solid phase extraction comprising passing a sample having components to be separated through a plurality of the granulated products of claim 1.
16. A method of making carbonaceous particles-containing granules comprising:
mixing carbonaceous particles with: at least one synthetic resin, pitch component, or a mixture thereof; and a solvent, to form a mixture;
granulating said mixture to form granules;
carbonizing said granules; and attaching at least one organic group to said granules.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein said granules are carbonized by heating to a temperature of from about 400° C to less than 800° C.
18. The method of claim 16, wherein said granules are heated to a temperature sufficient to carbonize the synthetic resin, pitch component, or both.
19. The method of claim 16, wherein said temperature is sufficient to carbonize said synthetic resin, pitch component, or both, and to evaporate said solvent without graphitizing said granules.
20. The method of claim 16, wherein said solvent is a non-aqueous solvent.
21. The method of claim 16, wherein said solvent is aqueous solvent.
22. The method of claim 16, wherein said mixture comprises a pitch component and said pitch component is a toluene-soluble pitch component, a benzene-soluble pitch component, or a combination thereof.
23. The method of claim 16, wherein the process used to granulate said mixture is spray drying.
24. The method of claim 20, wherein said pitch component comprises a petroleum pitch, a coal-tar pitch, a liquefied coal oil, or a combination thereof.
25. The method of claim 16, wherein said mixture comprises a synthetic resin and said synthetic resin comprises a phenol resin, a furan resin, a furfural resin, a divinyl benzene resin, a urea resin, or a combination thereof.
26. The method of claim 16, wherein said carbonaceous particles comprise 100 parts by weight carbon black and said mixture further comprises from about 10 to about 500 parts by weight said synthetic resin, pitch component, or both.
27. The method of claim 16, wherein said carbonaceous particles comprise carbon black particles having a ratio L min/L max of a minor axis diameter L min to a major axis diameter L max of from about 0.95 to about 1.0, a particle diameter of from about 2 to about 200 µm, a specific surface area of from about 10 to about 650 m2/g, a total micropore volume of from about 0.3 to about 2.0 ml/g, and a V0.5/V1.0 ratio of about 0.4 or smaller wherein V0.5 is the gas adsorption volume at a relative pressure P/P0 of 0.5 and V1.0 is the nitrogen gas adsorption volume at a relative pressure P/P0 of about 1.0 at nitrogen gas adsorption isotherm.
28. The method of claim 16, wherein said carbonaceous particles are substantially spherical.
29. The method of claim 16, wherein said carbonaceous particles are aggregates comprising a carbon phase and a silicon-containing species phase.
30. The method of claim 16, wherein said granulating comprises a spray granulation or an emulsion granulation method.
31. The method of claim 16, wherein said carbonaceous particles comprise carbon black having an average particle diameter of from about 12 to about 40 nm and said mixing comprises mixing 100 parts by weight said carbon black with about 10 to about 250 parts by weight of said synthetic resin, pitch component, or both.
32. The method of claim 16, wherein said carbonaceous particle comprises carbon black having an average particle diameter of from about 12 to about 30 nm, a specific surface area of from about 80 to about 250 m2/g, and a DBP oil adsorption of from about 80 to about 200 ml/100g.
33. The method of claim 16, wherein said granulating comprises granulating said mixture by spray granulation or emulsion granulation to obtain granules whose ratio L min/L max of a minor axis diameter L min to a major axis diameter L max is from about 0.90 to about 1Ø
34. The method of claim 16, wherein said attaching comprises reacting said granules with a diazonium salt.
35. The method of claim 16, wherein said organic group comprises an ionic group or an ionizable group.
36. The granulated product of claim 1, wherein said granulated product has a ratio L min/L max of a minor axis diameter L min to a major axis diameter L max of from about 0.75 to about 1.25, a particle diameter of from about 2 to about 200 microns, a specific surface area of from about 10 to about 650 m2/g, and a total micropore volume of from about 0.08 to about 2.0 ml/g.
37. A method of making carbonaceous particles-containing granules comprising:
mixing carbonaceous particles having attached at least one organic group with:
at least one synthetic resin, pitch component, or a mixture thereof; and at least one solvent, to form a mixture;
granulating said mixture to form granules; and carbonizing said granules.
38. The method of claim 37, further comprising attaching a second organic group to said granules after carbonizing, wherein said second organic group is the same or different from said organic group.
39. A granulated carbonaceous product comprising carbonaceous particles and at least one carbonized binder, produced by the process of mixing the carbonaceous particles with at least one carbonizable binder and an aqueous solvent;
granulating said mixture to form granules; and carbonizing said granules, at a temperature of from about 400° C to less than 800°C.
40. The product of claim 39, wherein the carbon particles are carbon black and the carbonizable binder is a water-compatible phenolic resin, and wherein the mixture comprises 100 parts by weight of carbon black and from about 5 to about 100 parts by weight of said carbonizable binder.
41. A granulated carbonaceous product comprising carbonaceous particles and at least one carbonized binder, produced by the process of mixing the carbonaceous particles with at least one carbonizable binder and an aqueous solvent;
granulating said mixture to form granules; and carbonizing said granules, wherein the mixture comprises 100 parts by weight of carbon black and from about 5 to less than 50 parts by weight of at least one carbonizable binder.
42. The granulated carbonaceous product of claim 39, wherein said granules have attached a carbonizable binder.
43. The granulated carbonaceous product of claim 39, wherein said product has a particle size of from about 2 to about 5 microns.
44. A granulated carbonaceous product comprising carbonaceous particles and at least one uncarbonized binder, produced by the process of mixing the carbonaceous particles with at least one binder and at least one solvent;
granulating said mixture to form granules; and heating said granules at a temperature below the carbonaceous temperature of the binder to form said granulated carbonaceous product.
45. The granulated carbonaceous product of claim44, wherein said carbonaceous particles have attached at least one organic group.
46. A granulated carbonaceous product comprising carbonaceous particles and at least one carbonized binder, produced by the process of mixing the carbonaceous particles with at least one carbonizable binder and an aqueous solvent;
granulating said mixture to form granules; and carbonizing said granules, wherein said at least one carbonizable binder is attached onto said carbonaceous particles.
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US7008534B2 (en) 2006-03-07
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US6787029B2 (en) 2004-09-07
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JP2005501790A (en) 2005-01-20
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