CA2447871A1 - Biosensor membranes composed of polymers containing heterocyclic nitrogens - Google Patents

Biosensor membranes composed of polymers containing heterocyclic nitrogens Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2447871A1
CA2447871A1 CA002447871A CA2447871A CA2447871A1 CA 2447871 A1 CA2447871 A1 CA 2447871A1 CA 002447871 A CA002447871 A CA 002447871A CA 2447871 A CA2447871 A CA 2447871A CA 2447871 A1 CA2447871 A1 CA 2447871A1
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membrane
electrochemical sensor
polymer
crosslinker
constituent
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Granted
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CA002447871A
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French (fr)
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CA2447871C (en
Inventor
Fei Mao
Hyun Cho
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Abbott Diabetes Care Inc
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Individual
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
    • A61B5/1486—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using enzyme electrodes, e.g. with immobilised oxidase
    • A61B5/14865—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using enzyme electrodes, e.g. with immobilised oxidase invasive, e.g. introduced into the body by a catheter or needle or using implanted sensors
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
    • A61B5/14532—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
    • A61B5/14546—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue for measuring analytes not otherwise provided for, e.g. ions, cytochromes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
    • A61B5/1468—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using chemical or electrochemical methods, e.g. by polarographic means
    • A61B5/1473—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using chemical or electrochemical methods, e.g. by polarographic means invasive, e.g. introduced into the body by a catheter
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6846—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/001—Enzyme electrodes
    • C12Q1/002—Electrode membranes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/001—Enzyme electrodes
    • C12Q1/004—Enzyme electrodes mediator-assisted
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/001—Enzyme electrodes
    • C12Q1/005—Enzyme electrodes involving specific analytes or enzymes
    • C12Q1/006—Enzyme electrodes involving specific analytes or enzymes for glucose

Abstract

Novel membranes comprising various polymers containing heterocyclic nitrogen groups are described. These membranes are usefully employed in electrochemical sensors, such as amperometric biosensors. More particularly, these membranes effectively regulate a flux of analyte to a measurement electrode in an electrochemical sensor, thereby improving the functioning of the electrochemical sensor over a significant range of analyte concentrations.
Electrochemical sensors equipped with such membranes are also described.

Claims (89)

1. A membrane for use in an electrochemical sensor, comprising:
a crosslinker; and a polymer having the formula:

wherein the solid horizontal line represents a polymer backbone;
A is an alkyl substituted with a water-soluble constituent;
D is selected from a group consisting of phenylalkyl, alkoxystyrene, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, a poly(ethylene glycol)-containing constituent, and a polyhydroxyl-containing constituent; and each of n, 1, p and q is independently a positive number.
2. The membrane of claim 1, wherein A is negatively charged.
3. The membrane of claim 1, wherein A is selected from a group consisting of a sulfonate, a carboxylate, and a phosphate.
4. The membrane of claim 1, wherein A is selected from a group consisting of sulfopropyl, sulfobutyl, carboxypropyl, and carboxypentyl.
5. The membrane of claim 1, wherein A is of the formula L-G, where L is a C2-C12 linear or branched alkyl linker and G is a negatively charged carboxy or sulfonate.
6. The membrane of claim 5, wherein L is substituted with an aryl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, -F, -Cl, -OH, aldehyde, ketone, ester, or amide.
7. The membrane of claim 1, wherein D is styrene or C1-C18 alkyl methacrylate.
8. The membrane of claim 1, wherein the polymer has a formula selected from a group consisting of:

9. The membrane of claim 1, wherein an average molecular weight of the polymer is above about 50,000.
10. The membrane of claim 1, wherein an average molecular weight of the polymer is above about 200,000.
11. The membrane of claim 1, wherein an average molecular weight of the polymer is above about 1,000,000.
12. The membrane of claim 1, wherein the polymer further comprises a B-containing copolymer such that the polymer has the formula:

wherein B is a modifier and m is a positive number.
13. The membrane of claim 12, wherein B is selected from a group consisting of a chelator, a negatively charged constituent, a hydrophobic hydrocarbon constituent, a hydrophilic hydroxyl or polyhydroxy constituent, a silicon polymer, and a poly(ethylene glycol).
14. The membrane of claim 12, wherein B is a polyethylene glycol) having a molecular weight of from about 100 to about 20,000.
15. The membrane of claim 12, wherein the polymer has a formula selected from a group consisting of:

16. The membrane of claim 12, wherein [n/(n + m + 1 + p)] × 100% is from about 1% to about 25%.
17. The membrane of claim 12, wherein [m/(n + m + 1 + p)] × 100% is from about 1% to about 15%.
18. The membrane of claim 12, wherein [1/(n + m + 1 + p)] × 100% is from about 20% to about 90%.
19. The membrane of claim 12, wherein [p/(n + m + 1 + p)] × 100% is from about 1% to about 50%.
20. The membrane of claim 1 or 12, wherein at least one heterocyclic nitrogen constituent of the polymer is independently selected from a group consisting of pyridine, imidazole, oxazole, thiazole, pyrazole, and any derivative thereof.
21. The membrane of claim 1 or 12, wherein at least one heterocyclic nitrogen constituent of the polymer is independently selected from a group consisting of 2-vinylpyridine, 3-vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine, 1-vinylimidazole, 2-vinylimidazole, and 4-vinylimidazole.
22. The membrane of claim 1 or 12 sufficient to limit a flux of glucose or lactate thereacross.
23. The membrane of claim 1 or 12 sufficient to limit a flux of glucose or lactate thereacross in vivo.
24. The membrane of claim 1 or 12, wherein the crosslinker comprises at least one epoxide reactive group.
25. The membrane of claim 1 or 12, wherein the crosslinker has a molecular weight of from about 200 to about 2000.
26. The membrane of claim 1 or 12, wherein the crosslinker is a derivative of poly(ethylene glycol) or poly(propylene glycol).
27. The membrane of claim 1 or 12, wherein a weight ratio of the polymer to the crosslinker is from about 4:1 to about 32:1.
28. The membrane of claim 1 or 12, wherein a weight ratio of the polymer to the crosslinker is from about 8:1 to about 16:1.
29. The membrane of claim 1, further comprising a layer of poly(ethylene glycol).
30. An electrochemical sensor, comprising:
a working electrode comprising:
a sensing layer in contact with a conductive material of the electrode;
a membrane disposed over the sensing layer, the membrane comprising a crosslinker and a polymer having the formula:

wherein the solid horizontal line represents a polymer backbone;
A is an alkyl substituted with a water-soluble constituent;
D is selected from a group consisting of phenylalkyl, alkoxystyrene, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, a poly(ethylene glycol)-containing constituent, and a polyhydroxyl-containing constituent; and each of n, 1, p and q is independently a positive number; and a counter electrode in electrochemical communication with the working electrode.
31. The electrochemical sensor of claim 30, wherein A is negatively charged.
32. The electrochemical sensor of claim 30, wherein A is selected from a group consisting of a sulfonate, a carboxylate, and a phosphate.
33. The electrochemical sensor of claim 30, wherein A is selected from a group consisting of sulfopropyl, sulfobutyl, carboxypropyl, and carboxypentyl.
34. The electrochemical sensor of claim 30, wherein A is of the formula L-G, where L is a C2-C12 linear or branched alkyl linker and G is a negatively charged carboxy or sulfonate.
35. The electrochemical sensor of claim 34, wherein L is substituted with an aryl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, -F, -Cl, -OH, aldehyde, ketone, ester, or amide.
36. The electrochemical sensor of claim 30, wherein D is styrene or C1-C18 alkyl methacrylate.
37. The electrochemical sensor of claim 30, wherein the polymer has a formula selected from a group consisting of:

38. The electrochemical sensor of claim 30, wherein an average molecular weight of the polymer is above about 54,000.
39. The electrochemical sensor of claim 30, wherein an average molecular weight of the polymer is above about 200,000.
40. The electrochemical sensor of claim 30, wherein an average molecular weight of the polymer is above about 1,000,000.
41. The electrochemical sensor of claim 30, wherein the polymer further comprises a B-containing copolymer such that the polymer has the formula:

wherein B is a modifier and m is a positive number.
42. The electrochemical sensor of claim 41, wherein B is selected from a group consisting of a chelator, a negatively charged constituent, a hydrophobic hydrocarbon consitituent, a hydrophilic hydroxyl or polyhydroxy constituent, a silicon polymer, and a poly(ethylene glycol).
43. The electrochemical sensor of claim 41, wherein B is a poly(ethylene glycol) having a molecular weight of from about 100 to about 20,000.
44. The electrochemical sensor of claim 41, wherein the polymer has a formula selected from a group consisting of:

45. The electrochemical sensor of claim 41, wherein [n/(n+m+1+p)]×
100% is from about 1% to about 25%.
46. The electrochemical sensor of claim 41, wherein [m/(n+m+1+p)]×
100% is from about 1% to about 15%.
47. The electrochemical sensor of claim 41, wherein [1/(n+m+1+p)]×
100% is from about 20% to about 90%.
48. The electrochemical sensor of claim 41, wherein [p/(n+m+1+p))x 100% is from about 1 % to about 50%.
49. The electrochemical sensor of claim 30 or 41, wherein at least one heterocyclic nitrogen constituent of the polymer is independently selected from a group consisting of pyridine, imidazole, oxazole, thiazole, pyrazole, and any derivative thereof.
50. The electrochemical sensor of claim 30 or 41, wherein at least one heterocyclic nitrogen constituent of the polymer is independently selected from a group consisting of 2-vinylpyridine, 3-vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine, 1-vinylimidazole, 2-vinylimidazole, and 4-vinylimidazole.
51. The electrochemical sensor of claim 30 or 41, wherein the membrane is sufficient to limit a flux of glucose or lactate thereacross.
52. The electrochemical sensor of claim 30 or 41, wherein the membrane is sufficient to limit a flux of glucose or lactate thereacross in vivo.
53. The electrochemical sensor of claim 30 or 41, wherein the crosslinker comprises at least one epoxide reactive group.
54. The electrochemical sensor of claim 30 or 41, wherein the crosslinker has a molecular weight of from about 200 to about 2000.
55. The electrochemical sensor of claim 30 or 41, wherein the crosslinker is a derivative of polyethylene glycol) or polypropylene glycol).
56. The electrochemical sensor of claim 30 or 41, wherein a weight ratio of the polymer to the crosslinker is from about 4:1 to about 32:1.
57. The electrochemical sensor of claim 30 or 41, wherein a weight ratio of the polymer to the crosslinker is from about 8:1 to about 16:1.
58. The electrochemical sensor of claim 30, wherein the membrane further comprises a layer of polyethylene glycol).
59. The electrochemical sensor of claim 30, wherein the sensing layer comprises an enzyme, an enzyme stabilizer, and a crosslinker.
60. The electrochemical sensor of claim 30, wherein the sensing layer comprises an enzyme, a polymeric mediator, and a crosslinker.
61. A membrane for use in an electrochemical sensor, comprising:
a crosslinker; and a polymer having the formula:
wherein the solid horizontal line represents a polymer backbone;
A is strong acid; and each of n, l, p and q is independently a positive number.
62. The membrane of claim 61, wherein A is such that the heterocyclic nitrogen to which it is attached is zwitterionic.
63. The membrane of claim 61, wherein A is a stronger acid than carboxylic acid.
64. The membrane of claim 61, wherein the polymer further comprises a B-containing copolymer such that the polymer has the formula:

wherein B is a modifier and m is a positive number.
65. The membrane of claim 61, wherein B is selected from a group consisting of a chelator, a negatively charged constituent, a hydrophobic hydrocarbon constituent, a hydrophilic hydroxyl or polyhydroxy constituent, a silicon polymer, and a poly(ethylene glycol).
66. The membrane of claim 61 or 64, wherein at least one heterocyclic nitrogen constituent of the polymer is independently selected from a group consisting of 2-vinylpyridine, 3-vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine, 1-vinylimidazole, 2-vinylimidazole, and 4-vinylimidazole.
67. The membrane of claim 61 or 64 sufficient to limit a flux of glucose or lactate thereacross.
68. The membrane of claim 61 or 64 sufficient to limit a flux of glucose or lactate thereacross in vivo.
69. The membrane of claim 61 or 64, wherein the crosslinker comprises at least one epoxide reactive group.
70. The membrane of claim 61 or 64, wherein the crosslinker has a molecular weight of from about 200 to about 2000.
71. The membrane of claim 61 or 64, wherein the crosslinker is a derivative of polyethylene glycol) or polypropylene glycol).
72. The membrane of claim 61 or 64, wherein a weight ratio of the polymer to the crosslinker is from about 4:1 to about 32:1.
73. The membrane of claim 61 or 64, wherein a weight ratio of the polymer to the crosslinker is from about 8:1 to about 16: 1.
74. An electrochemical sensor, comprising:
a working electrode comprising:
a sensing layer in contact with a conductive material of the electrode;
a membrane disposed over the sensing layer, the membrane comprising a crosslinker and a polymer having the formula:

wherein the solid horizontal line represents a polymer backbone;
A is strong acid; and each of n, l, p and q is independently a positive number; and a counter electrode in electrochemical communication with the working electrode.
75. The electrochemical sensor of claim 74, wherein A is such that the heterocyclic nitrogen to which it is attached is zwitterionic.
76. The electrochemical sensor of claim 74, wherein A is a stronger acid than carboxylic acid.
77. The electrochemical sensor of claim 74, wherein the polymer further comprises a B-containing copolymer such that the polymer has the formula:

wherein B is a modifier and m is a positive number.
78. The electrochemical sensor of claim 77, wherein B is selected from a group consisting of a chelator, a negatively charged constituent, a hydrophobic hydrocarbon constituent, a hydrophilic hydroxyl or polyhydroxy constituent, a silicon polymer, and a poly(ethylene glycol).
79. The electrochemical sensor of claim 74 or 77, wherein at least one heterocyclic nitrogen constituent of the polymer is independently selected from a group consisting of pyridine, imidazole, oxazole, thiazole, pyrazole, and any derivative thereof.
80. The electrochemical sensor of claim 74 or 77, wherein at least one heterocyclic nitrogen constituent of the polymer is independently selected from a group consisting of 2-vinylpyridine, 3-vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine, 1-vinylimidazole, 2-vinylimidazole, and 4-vinylimidazole.
81. The electrochemical sensor of claim 74 or 77 sufficient to limit a flux of glucose or lactate thereacross.
82. The electrochemical sensor of claim 74 or 77 sufficient to limit a flux of glucose or lactose thereacross in vivo.
83. The electrochemical sensor of claim 74 or 77, wherein the crosslinker comprises at least one epoxide reactive group.
84. The electrochemical sensor of claim 74 or 77, wherein the crosslinker has a molecular weight of from about 200 to about 2000.
85. The electrochemical sensor of claim 74 or 77, wherein the crosslinker is a derivative of poly(ethylene glycol) or poly(propylene glycol).
86. The electrochemical sensor of claim 74 or 77, wherein a weight ratio of the polymer to the crosslinker is from about 4:1 to about 32:1.
87. The electrochemical sensor of claim 74 or 77, wherein a weight ratio of the polymer to the crosslinker is from about 8:1 to about 16:1.
88. The electrochemical sensor of claim 74, wherein the sensing layer comprises an enzyme, an enzyme stabilizer, and a crosslinker.
89. The electrochemical sensor of claim 74, wherein the sensing layer comprises an enzyme, a polymeric mediator, and a crosslinker.
CA2447871A 2001-05-15 2002-05-15 Biosensor membranes composed of polymers containing heterocyclic nitrogens Expired - Lifetime CA2447871C (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA2699247A CA2699247C (en) 2001-05-15 2002-05-15 Biosensor membranes composed of polymers containing heterocyclic nitrogens

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US29121501P 2001-05-15 2001-05-15
US60/291,215 2001-05-15
US10/146,518 US6932894B2 (en) 2001-05-15 2002-05-14 Biosensor membranes composed of polymers containing heterocyclic nitrogens
PCT/US2002/015707 WO2003085372A2 (en) 2001-05-15 2002-05-15 Biosensor membranes composed of polymers containing heterocyclic nitrogens
USUNKNOWN 2005-02-10

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CA2447871C CA2447871C (en) 2010-06-29

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US (13) US6932894B2 (en)
EP (3) EP1927602B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4112499B2 (en)
CN (1) CN1639206A (en)
AT (2) ATE394433T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2002367855B2 (en)
CA (2) CA2699247C (en)
DE (1) DE60226497D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2377331T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2003085372A2 (en)

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