CA2447777A1 - Communication device with smart antenna using a quality-indication signal - Google Patents
Communication device with smart antenna using a quality-indication signal Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2447777A1 CA2447777A1 CA002447777A CA2447777A CA2447777A1 CA 2447777 A1 CA2447777 A1 CA 2447777A1 CA 002447777 A CA002447777 A CA 002447777A CA 2447777 A CA2447777 A CA 2447777A CA 2447777 A1 CA2447777 A1 CA 2447777A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- signal
- power
- antenna element
- phase rotation
- antenna elements
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/04—TPC
- H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
- H04W52/22—TPC being performed according to specific parameters taking into account previous information or commands
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/04—TPC
- H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
- H04W52/22—TPC being performed according to specific parameters taking into account previous information or commands
- H04W52/221—TPC being performed according to specific parameters taking into account previous information or commands using past power control commands
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
- H04B7/0621—Feedback content
- H04B7/0623—Auxiliary parameters, e.g. power control [PCB] or not acknowledged commands [NACK], used as feedback information
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
- H04B7/0621—Feedback content
- H04B7/0632—Channel quality parameters, e.g. channel quality indicator [CQI]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/04—TPC
- H04W52/38—TPC being performed in particular situations
- H04W52/42—TPC being performed in particular situations in systems with time, space, frequency or polarisation diversity
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/04—TPC
- H04W52/06—TPC algorithms
- H04W52/16—Deriving transmission power values from another channel
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/04—TPC
- H04W52/30—TPC using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power
- H04W52/34—TPC management, i.e. sharing limited amount of power among users or channels or data types, e.g. cell loading
Abstract
Communication is performed for a first communication device (120) having a set of antenna element (125). A quality-indication signal (270) is received from a second communication device (110). A complex weighting is calculated based on the quality-indication signal. A pre-transmission signal (260) is modified based on the complex weighting to produce a set of modified pre-transmission signals. Each modified pre-transmission signal from the set of modified pre-transmission signals is uniquely associated with an antenna element from the set of antenna elements. The set of modified pre-transmission signals is sent from the set of antenna elements to produce a transmitted signal. The complex weighting is associated with a total power of the transmitted power and at least one from a phase rotation and a power ratio associated with each antenna element from the set of antenna elements.
Description
COMMUNICATION DEVICE WITH SMART ANTENNA USING A
QUALITY-INDICATION SIGNAL
Background The invention relates generally to communications and more particularly to a system and method for using a quality-indication signal added to a transmitted signal in a communication system, and used by the receiving end, in conjunction with multiple antenna elements. The receiver can use a separation process known as spatial filtering, or also referred to herein as smart antenna.
Broadband networks having multiple information channels are subject to certain types of typical problems such as inter-channel interference, a limited bandwidth per information channel, inter-cell interference that limit the maximum number of serviceable users, and other interference. The usage of smart antenna techniques (e.g., using multiple antenna elements for a separation process known as spatial filtering), at both ends of the wireless communications channels, can enhance spectral efficiency, allowing for more users to be served simultaneously over a given frequency band Power-control signaling is another technique used to minimize inter-channel interference and increase network capacity. For example, mobile communication standards include a high rate, continuous, power-control signaling to ensure that mobile communication devices do not transmit too much or too little power. More specifically, based on the strength of the signal sent from the communication device and received at the basestation, the basest~tion sends a power-control signal to the mobile communication device indicating whether the communication device should increase or decrease the total power of its transmitted signal. The transmission rates for each value of the power-control signals are, for example, 1.25 ms for cdmaOne (IS-95)/CDMA2000, and 0.66 ms for WCDMA.
The known uses of power-control signaling have been limited only to adjusting the total power of the signal transmitted from the communication device.
Next generation communication devices, however, can use multiple antenna elements (also referred to herein as a "smart antenna") for a separation process known as spatial filtering. Thus, a need exists for an improved system and method that can combine the advantages of power-control signaling with the advantages of smart antennas.
Suynmary of the Invention Communication is performed for a first communication device having a set of antenna elements. A quality-indication signal is received from a second communication device (e.g., a basestation). A complex weighting is calculated based on the quality-indication signal. A modulated pre-transmission signal is modified based on the complex weighting to produce a set of modified pre-transmission signals.
Each modified pre-transmission signal from the set of modified-pre-transmission signals is uniquely associated with an antenna element from the set of antenna elements. The set of modified pre-transmission signals is sent from the set of antenna elements to produce a transmitted signal. The complex weighting is associated with total power of the transmitted signal and at least one from a phase rotation and a power ratio associated with each antenna element from the set of antenna elements.
Brief Description of the Drawings FIG. 1 shows a system block diagram of a communication network according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 shows a system block diagram of a transmitter for the subscriber communication device shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 shows a system block diagram of a basestation and subscriber communication device according to a known system.
FIG. 4 shows a system block diagram of a basestation and a subscriber communication device having two transmitting antennas, according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 5 illustrations a portion of the transmitter system for subscriber communication device, according to another embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 6 shows an example of a system block diagram of the vector modulator, according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 7 shows a portion of the transmitter for the subscriber communication device according to another embodiment of the invention.
QUALITY-INDICATION SIGNAL
Background The invention relates generally to communications and more particularly to a system and method for using a quality-indication signal added to a transmitted signal in a communication system, and used by the receiving end, in conjunction with multiple antenna elements. The receiver can use a separation process known as spatial filtering, or also referred to herein as smart antenna.
Broadband networks having multiple information channels are subject to certain types of typical problems such as inter-channel interference, a limited bandwidth per information channel, inter-cell interference that limit the maximum number of serviceable users, and other interference. The usage of smart antenna techniques (e.g., using multiple antenna elements for a separation process known as spatial filtering), at both ends of the wireless communications channels, can enhance spectral efficiency, allowing for more users to be served simultaneously over a given frequency band Power-control signaling is another technique used to minimize inter-channel interference and increase network capacity. For example, mobile communication standards include a high rate, continuous, power-control signaling to ensure that mobile communication devices do not transmit too much or too little power. More specifically, based on the strength of the signal sent from the communication device and received at the basestation, the basest~tion sends a power-control signal to the mobile communication device indicating whether the communication device should increase or decrease the total power of its transmitted signal. The transmission rates for each value of the power-control signals are, for example, 1.25 ms for cdmaOne (IS-95)/CDMA2000, and 0.66 ms for WCDMA.
The known uses of power-control signaling have been limited only to adjusting the total power of the signal transmitted from the communication device.
Next generation communication devices, however, can use multiple antenna elements (also referred to herein as a "smart antenna") for a separation process known as spatial filtering. Thus, a need exists for an improved system and method that can combine the advantages of power-control signaling with the advantages of smart antennas.
Suynmary of the Invention Communication is performed for a first communication device having a set of antenna elements. A quality-indication signal is received from a second communication device (e.g., a basestation). A complex weighting is calculated based on the quality-indication signal. A modulated pre-transmission signal is modified based on the complex weighting to produce a set of modified pre-transmission signals.
Each modified pre-transmission signal from the set of modified-pre-transmission signals is uniquely associated with an antenna element from the set of antenna elements. The set of modified pre-transmission signals is sent from the set of antenna elements to produce a transmitted signal. The complex weighting is associated with total power of the transmitted signal and at least one from a phase rotation and a power ratio associated with each antenna element from the set of antenna elements.
Brief Description of the Drawings FIG. 1 shows a system block diagram of a communication network according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 shows a system block diagram of a transmitter for the subscriber communication device shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 shows a system block diagram of a basestation and subscriber communication device according to a known system.
FIG. 4 shows a system block diagram of a basestation and a subscriber communication device having two transmitting antennas, according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 5 illustrations a portion of the transmitter system for subscriber communication device, according to another embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 6 shows an example of a system block diagram of the vector modulator, according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 7 shows a portion of the transmitter for the subscriber communication device according to another embodiment of the invention.
2 FIG. 8 shows a transmitted portion of a subscriber communication device according to yet another embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 9 shows a flowchart for calculating the complex weighting by adjusting the phase rotation associated with each antenna element, according to one embodiment.
FIG. 10 shows a flowchart for calculating the complex weighting by adjusting the phase rotation associated with each antenna element, according to another embodiment.
FIG. 11 shows a flowchart for calculating the complex weighting by adjusting the phase rotation associated with each antenna element, according to yet another embodiment.
FIG. 12 shows a flowchart for calculating the complex weighting by adjusting the power ratio and the phase rotation associated with each antenna element, according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 13 shows a flowchart for calculating the complex weighting by adjusting the power ratio and the phase rotation associated with each antenna element, according to another embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description A transmitted signal sent from a subscriber communication device to a second communication device (e.g., a basestation) can be weakened by time or by propagation-geometry-dependent fading and multipath. In other words, a signal sent from a subscriber communication device to a basestation will undergo destructive interference due to the fact that the transmitted signal propagates along different paths and reaches the basestation as a combination of the signals each having a different phase.
Accordingly, by controlling the phase of the transmitted signal at the subscriber communication device, the combination of signals received at the basestation can constructively interfere rather than destructively interfere, or alternatively reduce the intensity of the destructive interference. The phase of the transmitted signal can be controlled through the use of multiple antenna elements at the subscriber communication device. If the rate at which the transmitted signal is controlled exceeds the rate of fading, then the basestation will receive the transmitted
FIG. 9 shows a flowchart for calculating the complex weighting by adjusting the phase rotation associated with each antenna element, according to one embodiment.
FIG. 10 shows a flowchart for calculating the complex weighting by adjusting the phase rotation associated with each antenna element, according to another embodiment.
FIG. 11 shows a flowchart for calculating the complex weighting by adjusting the phase rotation associated with each antenna element, according to yet another embodiment.
FIG. 12 shows a flowchart for calculating the complex weighting by adjusting the power ratio and the phase rotation associated with each antenna element, according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 13 shows a flowchart for calculating the complex weighting by adjusting the power ratio and the phase rotation associated with each antenna element, according to another embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description A transmitted signal sent from a subscriber communication device to a second communication device (e.g., a basestation) can be weakened by time or by propagation-geometry-dependent fading and multipath. In other words, a signal sent from a subscriber communication device to a basestation will undergo destructive interference due to the fact that the transmitted signal propagates along different paths and reaches the basestation as a combination of the signals each having a different phase.
Accordingly, by controlling the phase of the transmitted signal at the subscriber communication device, the combination of signals received at the basestation can constructively interfere rather than destructively interfere, or alternatively reduce the intensity of the destructive interference. The phase of the transmitted signal can be controlled through the use of multiple antenna elements at the subscriber communication device. If the rate at which the transmitted signal is controlled exceeds the rate of fading, then the basestation will receive the transmitted
3 signal at a relatively constant rate of power at a substantially optimized power.
Because the rate of fading is relatively slow (e.g., between few Hz and a couple of hundred Hz) compared to the rate of power-control signaling in certain known communication protocols (e.g., around 1000s of Hz), power-control signaling can be used to tune a smart antenna to substantially optimize the transmission of signals from a subscriber communication device to a basestation.
The tuning of the subscriber communication device is done through the use of complex weighting. The signals associated with each antenna element from a set of multiple antenna elements can be adjusted based on the complex weighting. The term "complex weighting" relates to real and imaginary components of a signal, which can be varied to define the magnitude and phase of the signal. Because each of these signals can be adjusted differently, each signal is a low-correlation version of the pre-transmission signal upon which the transmitted signal is based. In other words, the signals associated with each antenna element can be adjusted separately from each other based on the complex weighting so that these signals are a low-correlation version of the pre-transmission signal. The complex weighting is calculated to adjust the total power of the transmitted signal and the phase rotation and/or power ratio associated with each antenna element.
Note that term "quality-indication signal" is used herein to mean a signal having information about the quality of the communication link between a communication source sending the signal with multiple antenna elements and a communication device receiving the signal. For example, the quality-indication signal can be a power-control signal according to a code-division multiple access (CDMA) protocol. Such a CDMA protocol can be, for example, CDMA-IS-95 AJB, CDMA
20001X/RTT, CDMA 2000 3X, CDMA EV-DO, wideband CDMA (WCDMA), third-generation (3G) Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) and fourth-generation (4G) UMTS. In fact, although the embodiments described herein are often in reference to such a power-control signal, any type of quality-indication signal in accordance with any type of communication protocol can be appropriate.
In addition, although the embodiments described herein are in reference to a basestation sending a quality-indication signal to a subscriber communication device having multiple antenna elements, alternative embodiments are possible. For example,
Because the rate of fading is relatively slow (e.g., between few Hz and a couple of hundred Hz) compared to the rate of power-control signaling in certain known communication protocols (e.g., around 1000s of Hz), power-control signaling can be used to tune a smart antenna to substantially optimize the transmission of signals from a subscriber communication device to a basestation.
The tuning of the subscriber communication device is done through the use of complex weighting. The signals associated with each antenna element from a set of multiple antenna elements can be adjusted based on the complex weighting. The term "complex weighting" relates to real and imaginary components of a signal, which can be varied to define the magnitude and phase of the signal. Because each of these signals can be adjusted differently, each signal is a low-correlation version of the pre-transmission signal upon which the transmitted signal is based. In other words, the signals associated with each antenna element can be adjusted separately from each other based on the complex weighting so that these signals are a low-correlation version of the pre-transmission signal. The complex weighting is calculated to adjust the total power of the transmitted signal and the phase rotation and/or power ratio associated with each antenna element.
Note that term "quality-indication signal" is used herein to mean a signal having information about the quality of the communication link between a communication source sending the signal with multiple antenna elements and a communication device receiving the signal. For example, the quality-indication signal can be a power-control signal according to a code-division multiple access (CDMA) protocol. Such a CDMA protocol can be, for example, CDMA-IS-95 AJB, CDMA
20001X/RTT, CDMA 2000 3X, CDMA EV-DO, wideband CDMA (WCDMA), third-generation (3G) Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) and fourth-generation (4G) UMTS. In fact, although the embodiments described herein are often in reference to such a power-control signal, any type of quality-indication signal in accordance with any type of communication protocol can be appropriate.
In addition, although the embodiments described herein are in reference to a basestation sending a quality-indication signal to a subscriber communication device having multiple antenna elements, alternative embodiments are possible. For example,
4 in alternative embodiments, a quality-indication signal can be sent from a subscriber communication device to a basestation having multiple antenna elements.
Alternatively, a quality-indication signal can be sent from one communication device to another communication device having multiple antenna elements.
FIG. 1 shows a system block diagram of a wireless communication network according to an embodiment of the invention. As shown in FIG. l, network 100 is coupled to basestation 110, which includes antenna 111. Subscriber communication device 120 is coupled to basestation 110 by, for example, a wireless communication link 130. Subscriber communication device 120 includes baseband subsystem 121, quality-indication based signal modifier 122, radio subsystem 123, receive antenna 124, array of transmit antennas 125, and application subsystem 126, which handles the voice/data/display/keyboard, etc. The baseband subsystem 121 comprises two main portions: a modulator I40 and a demodulator 129. The radio subsystem 123 comprises two main portions: a receiver 127 and a mufti-channel transmitter 128.
Baseband subsystem 121, quality-indication based signal modifier 122, the mufti-channel transmitter 128, and transmit antenna array 125 are portions of a transmitter for subscriber communication device 120.
Baseband subsystem I21 is the portion of the wireless communications system that receives a modulated received signal 141, demodulates it to produce demodulated received signal 142 and to extract the quality indicator sent from the other side of the wireless link 130. Demodulated received signal 142 is provided to application subsystem 126. The extracted quality indicator is fed into the quality-indication based signal modifier 122 via quality-indication signal 143.
Quality-indication based signal modifier 122 modifies the pre-transmission signal 145 in such a way that the other side of the wireless Iink 130 (e.g., basestation 110), undergoes improved reception without necessarily increasing the combined power level transmitted from the subscriber communication device 120. Rather, by manipulating the weights of the various power amplifiers that feed their respective antenna elements in the array of transmit antennas 125, better multipath behavior is achieved at the other side of the wireless link 130 (e.g., at basestation I I0), as explained in further detail below. Said another way, application subsystem 126 receives information for transmission such as, for example, data and/or voice information. Application
Alternatively, a quality-indication signal can be sent from one communication device to another communication device having multiple antenna elements.
FIG. 1 shows a system block diagram of a wireless communication network according to an embodiment of the invention. As shown in FIG. l, network 100 is coupled to basestation 110, which includes antenna 111. Subscriber communication device 120 is coupled to basestation 110 by, for example, a wireless communication link 130. Subscriber communication device 120 includes baseband subsystem 121, quality-indication based signal modifier 122, radio subsystem 123, receive antenna 124, array of transmit antennas 125, and application subsystem 126, which handles the voice/data/display/keyboard, etc. The baseband subsystem 121 comprises two main portions: a modulator I40 and a demodulator 129. The radio subsystem 123 comprises two main portions: a receiver 127 and a mufti-channel transmitter 128.
Baseband subsystem 121, quality-indication based signal modifier 122, the mufti-channel transmitter 128, and transmit antenna array 125 are portions of a transmitter for subscriber communication device 120.
Baseband subsystem I21 is the portion of the wireless communications system that receives a modulated received signal 141, demodulates it to produce demodulated received signal 142 and to extract the quality indicator sent from the other side of the wireless link 130. Demodulated received signal 142 is provided to application subsystem 126. The extracted quality indicator is fed into the quality-indication based signal modifier 122 via quality-indication signal 143.
Quality-indication based signal modifier 122 modifies the pre-transmission signal 145 in such a way that the other side of the wireless Iink 130 (e.g., basestation 110), undergoes improved reception without necessarily increasing the combined power level transmitted from the subscriber communication device 120. Rather, by manipulating the weights of the various power amplifiers that feed their respective antenna elements in the array of transmit antennas 125, better multipath behavior is achieved at the other side of the wireless link 130 (e.g., at basestation I I0), as explained in further detail below. Said another way, application subsystem 126 receives information for transmission such as, for example, data and/or voice information. Application
5 subsystem 126 sends an unmodulated transmission signal 144 to modulator 140 of baseband subsystem 121. Modulator 140 modulates unmodulated transmission signal 144 to produce pre-transmission signal 145, which is provided to quality-indication signal modifier 122. Quality-indication signal modifier calculates a complex weighting based on the quality-indication signal 143 and modifies the pre-transmission signal to produce a plurality of modified pre-transmission signals 146. Each modified pre-transmission signal is uniquely associated with an antenna element from the array of transmit antennas 145. The modified pre-transmission signal 146 is sent to multi-channel transmitter 128, which forwards the modified pre-transmission signals 146 to the array of transmit antennas 125. The array of transmit antennas 125 sends an effective combined transmitted signal based on the modified pre-transmission signal 146.
FIG. 2 shows a system block diagram of a transmitter for the subscriber communication device shown in FIG. 1. The transmitter system 200 includes baseband subsystem 210, quality-indication based signal modifier 220, radio subsystem 230, power amplifiers 241, 242, 243 and 244, and antenna elements 251, 252, 253 and 254.
Baseband subsystem 210, quality-indication based signal modifier 220, radio subsystem 230, antenna elements 251, 252, 253 and 254, correspond to baseband subsystem 121, quality-indication based signal modifier 122, radio subsystem 123, and transmit antenna array 125, shown in FIG. 1.
Note that although the subscriber communication device is shown FIG. 2 as having four antenna elements 251 through 254 and four corresponding power amplifiers 241 and 244, any number of two or more antenna elements (and corresponding power amplifiers) is possible. Thus, it will be understood that although the subscriber communication device is described herein as having four antenna elements, other embodiments can have any number of two or more antenna elements.
Baseband subsystem 210 is coupled to quality-indication based signal modifier 220 and sends a pre-transmission signal 260 and a quality-indication signal 270. Quality-indication based signal modifier 220 includes vector modulator 221 and control logic 222. Quality-indication signal modifier 220 is coupled to radio subsystem 230 and power amplifiers 241 through 244. More specifically, quality-indication based signal modifier 220 provides modified pre-transmission signals to radio subsystem 230.
FIG. 2 shows a system block diagram of a transmitter for the subscriber communication device shown in FIG. 1. The transmitter system 200 includes baseband subsystem 210, quality-indication based signal modifier 220, radio subsystem 230, power amplifiers 241, 242, 243 and 244, and antenna elements 251, 252, 253 and 254.
Baseband subsystem 210, quality-indication based signal modifier 220, radio subsystem 230, antenna elements 251, 252, 253 and 254, correspond to baseband subsystem 121, quality-indication based signal modifier 122, radio subsystem 123, and transmit antenna array 125, shown in FIG. 1.
Note that although the subscriber communication device is shown FIG. 2 as having four antenna elements 251 through 254 and four corresponding power amplifiers 241 and 244, any number of two or more antenna elements (and corresponding power amplifiers) is possible. Thus, it will be understood that although the subscriber communication device is described herein as having four antenna elements, other embodiments can have any number of two or more antenna elements.
Baseband subsystem 210 is coupled to quality-indication based signal modifier 220 and sends a pre-transmission signal 260 and a quality-indication signal 270. Quality-indication based signal modifier 220 includes vector modulator 221 and control logic 222. Quality-indication signal modifier 220 is coupled to radio subsystem 230 and power amplifiers 241 through 244. More specifically, quality-indication based signal modifier 220 provides modified pre-transmission signals to radio subsystem 230.
6 Control logic 222 of quality-indication based signal modifier 220 provides complex weighting to vector modulator 221 and power amplifiers 241 through.244, as described below in further detail.
Radio subsystem 230 receives the modified pre-transmission signal from quality-indication based signal modifier 220. The modified pre-transmission signal can be, for example either baseband signals, IF signals, or RF signals. Radio subsystem 230 converts the received pre-transmission signal into radio frequency (RF) signals, which are provided to power amplifiers 241 through 244.
Power amplifiers 241 through 244 each receive RF modified pre-transmission signals and amplify those signals for transmission. Power amplifiers 241 through 244 are coupled to antenna elements 251 through 254, respectively.
Power amplifiers 241 through 244 provide the amplified signals to antenna elements through 254, each of which sends its respective RF modified pre-transmission signal to produce a transmitted signal. In other words, each antenna element 251 through sends a respective signal component all of which form a transmitted signal.
FIG. 3 shows a system block diagram of a basestation and subscriber communication device according to a known system. This is helpful for understanding how prior CDMA basestation systems employ a power-control signal to adjust the transmit power of the subscriber communication device.
In FIG. 3, basestation 300 includes receiver (Rx) 310 and transmitter (Tx) 320. Receiver 310 includes demodulator 312, signal-to- noise ratio (SNR) or RSSI (RF
Signal Strength Indicator) estimator 313 and power control bit generator 314.
Receiver 310 is coupled to antenna 311. Transmitter 320 includes modulator 321, multiplexes 322 and power amplifier (PA) 323. Transmitter 320 is coupled to antenna 324.
Subscriber communication unit 350 includes receiver 360, transmitter 370, duplexer/diplexer 380 and antenna 390. Duplexer/diplexer 380 can comprise a filter separating different bands like cellular service versus Personal Communication Service (PCS), and/or separation of receive/transmit; typically, duplexer/diplexer 380 has one port connected to one antenna, and other port connected to various radio circuitries that operate either simultaneously or alternatively. Receiver 360 includes demodulator 361.
Transmitter 370 includes modulator 371, power control logic 372, power amplifier (PA) 373 and radio subsystem 374.
Radio subsystem 230 receives the modified pre-transmission signal from quality-indication based signal modifier 220. The modified pre-transmission signal can be, for example either baseband signals, IF signals, or RF signals. Radio subsystem 230 converts the received pre-transmission signal into radio frequency (RF) signals, which are provided to power amplifiers 241 through 244.
Power amplifiers 241 through 244 each receive RF modified pre-transmission signals and amplify those signals for transmission. Power amplifiers 241 through 244 are coupled to antenna elements 251 through 254, respectively.
Power amplifiers 241 through 244 provide the amplified signals to antenna elements through 254, each of which sends its respective RF modified pre-transmission signal to produce a transmitted signal. In other words, each antenna element 251 through sends a respective signal component all of which form a transmitted signal.
FIG. 3 shows a system block diagram of a basestation and subscriber communication device according to a known system. This is helpful for understanding how prior CDMA basestation systems employ a power-control signal to adjust the transmit power of the subscriber communication device.
In FIG. 3, basestation 300 includes receiver (Rx) 310 and transmitter (Tx) 320. Receiver 310 includes demodulator 312, signal-to- noise ratio (SNR) or RSSI (RF
Signal Strength Indicator) estimator 313 and power control bit generator 314.
Receiver 310 is coupled to antenna 311. Transmitter 320 includes modulator 321, multiplexes 322 and power amplifier (PA) 323. Transmitter 320 is coupled to antenna 324.
Subscriber communication unit 350 includes receiver 360, transmitter 370, duplexer/diplexer 380 and antenna 390. Duplexer/diplexer 380 can comprise a filter separating different bands like cellular service versus Personal Communication Service (PCS), and/or separation of receive/transmit; typically, duplexer/diplexer 380 has one port connected to one antenna, and other port connected to various radio circuitries that operate either simultaneously or alternatively. Receiver 360 includes demodulator 361.
Transmitter 370 includes modulator 371, power control logic 372, power amplifier (PA) 373 and radio subsystem 374.
7 Antenna 311 at the basestation receiver 310 is coupled to demodulator 312, which is in turn coupled to SNR or RSSI estimator 313. SNR or RSSI estimator 313 is coupled to power control bit generator 314, which is in turn coupled to multiplexer 322.
Multiplexer 322 is also coupled to modulator 321 and power amplifier (PA) 323, which is in turn coupled to antenna 324.
Antenna 390 at the receiver 360 of subscriber communication device 350 is coupled to duplexer/diplexer 380. Duplexer/diplexer 380 relays received signals from antenna 390 to receiver 360 and relays signals sent from transmitter 370 to antenna 390. More specifically, duplexer/diplexer 380 is coupled to demodulator 361, which is coupled to power control logic 372.
Turning to the transmitter 370, modulator 371 receives the pre-transmission signal for transmission and provides it to radio subsystem 374. Radio subsystem 374 converts the pre-transmission signal into a RF signals, and forwards it to power amplifier 373. Power amplifier 373 is also coupled to power-control logic 372, which provides power-control information. More specifically, the received signals include a quality-indication signal such as, for example, a power-control signal having one or more power-control bits. These power-control bits indicate the manner in which the subscriber communication device should modify the total power of the transmitted signal. The power control indication is originally generated at the other side of the wireless communications link (e.g., basestation 300), and is sent back to the subscriber communication unit 350 to obtain improved signal quality in such a way that will produce reduced interference. These power-control bits are provided to power amplifier 373, which adjusts the total power for the transmitted signal based on the power-control bits. Power amplifier 373 is coupled to duplexer/diplexer 380, which forwards the amplified pre-transmission signal to antenna element 390 for transmission.
Note that in the known subscriber communication device 350, the power control logic 372 provides information based on the received power control bit to power amplifier 373. The only adjustment to the transmit signal is an adjustment to the power amplifier output level.
FIG. 4 shows a system block diagram of a basestation and subscriber communication device according to an embodiment of the invention. Basestation includes a receiver (Rx) 410 and transmitter (Tx) 420. Receiver 410 includes antenna
Multiplexer 322 is also coupled to modulator 321 and power amplifier (PA) 323, which is in turn coupled to antenna 324.
Antenna 390 at the receiver 360 of subscriber communication device 350 is coupled to duplexer/diplexer 380. Duplexer/diplexer 380 relays received signals from antenna 390 to receiver 360 and relays signals sent from transmitter 370 to antenna 390. More specifically, duplexer/diplexer 380 is coupled to demodulator 361, which is coupled to power control logic 372.
Turning to the transmitter 370, modulator 371 receives the pre-transmission signal for transmission and provides it to radio subsystem 374. Radio subsystem 374 converts the pre-transmission signal into a RF signals, and forwards it to power amplifier 373. Power amplifier 373 is also coupled to power-control logic 372, which provides power-control information. More specifically, the received signals include a quality-indication signal such as, for example, a power-control signal having one or more power-control bits. These power-control bits indicate the manner in which the subscriber communication device should modify the total power of the transmitted signal. The power control indication is originally generated at the other side of the wireless communications link (e.g., basestation 300), and is sent back to the subscriber communication unit 350 to obtain improved signal quality in such a way that will produce reduced interference. These power-control bits are provided to power amplifier 373, which adjusts the total power for the transmitted signal based on the power-control bits. Power amplifier 373 is coupled to duplexer/diplexer 380, which forwards the amplified pre-transmission signal to antenna element 390 for transmission.
Note that in the known subscriber communication device 350, the power control logic 372 provides information based on the received power control bit to power amplifier 373. The only adjustment to the transmit signal is an adjustment to the power amplifier output level.
FIG. 4 shows a system block diagram of a basestation and subscriber communication device according to an embodiment of the invention. Basestation includes a receiver (Rx) 410 and transmitter (Tx) 420. Receiver 410 includes antenna
8
9 PCT/US02/14437 41 l, demodulator 412, SNR or RSSI estimator 413 and power control bit generator 414. Transmitter 420 includes modulator 421, multiplexer 422, power amplifier (PA) 423 and antenna 424.
Subscriber communication unit 450 includes receiver 460, transmitter (Tx) 470, dual duplexer/diplexer 480 and antennas 490 and 495. Dual duplexer/diplexer 480 is, for example, a set of two units, each comprising a duplexer/diplexer.
Receiver 460 includes demodulator 461. Transmitter 470 includes quality-indication based signal modifier 475, which includes vector modulator 471 and power control logic 472.
Transmitter 470 also includes radio subsystems 476 and 477, and power amplifiers 473 and 474.
Antenna 411 at the basestation receiver 410 is coupled to demodulator 412, which is in turn coupled to SNR estimator 413. SNR or RSSI estimator 413 is coupled to power control bit generator 414, which is in turn coupled to multiplexer 422.
Multiplexer 422 is also coupled to modulator 421 and power amplifier 423, which is in turn coupled to antenna 424.
Subscriber communication unit 450 includes antennas 490 and 495 that are used for both reception and transmission, and are coupled to dual duplexer/diplexer 480. Dual duplexer/diplexer 480 is coupled to receiver 460 and transmitter 470. Note that for the purpose of this embodiment, the receiver may use only one of the two antennas 490 and 495, or a combination of them. Receiver 460 includes demodulator 461, which is coupled to control logic 472 of quality-indication based signal modifier 475. Control logic 472 is coupled to vector modulator 471 of quality-indication based signal modifier 475. Vector modulator 471 is coupled to radio subsystems 476 and 477, which are coupled to power amplifiers 473 and 474, respectively. Power amplifiers 473 and 474 are also coupled to control logic 472. In addition, power amplifiers 473 and 474 are coupled to antenna elements 490 and 495, respectively, through dual duplexer/diplexer 480.
Demodulator 461 receives signals from antennas 490 and 495 via the dual duplexer/diplexer 480 to produce a quality-indication signal. This quality-indication signal can be, for example, a power-control signal having one or more power-control bits. This quality-indication signal is provided to control logic 472. Note that demodulator 461 performs other functions and produces other signals, which are not shown in FIG. 4 for the purpose of clarity in the figure. Control logic 472 produces complex weighting values and forwards these complex weighting values to vector modulator 471 and power amplifiers 473 and 474. Power amplifier 473 is associated with antenna element 490 and power amplifier 474 is associated with antenna element 495.
Note that the control logic 472 is different from the power control logic 372 of the known subscriber communication device 350 shown in FIG. 3. The power control logic 372 merely provided power control information to power amplifier 373, whereas the control logic 472 shown in FIG. 4 provides complex weighting to both the vector modulator 471 and the set of power amplifiers 473 and 474. This allows not only the total power of the transmitted signal to be adjusted based on the received power-control bit, but in addition, allows the phase rotation and/or the power ratio associated with each antenna element 490 and 495 to be adjusted based on the received power control information. Accordingly, this allows the transmitted signal to be optimal with respect to its reception by basestation 400. Once this optimized signal is received by basestation 400, basestation 400 can then send a power-control signal to subscriber communication device 450 indicating that subscriber communication should adjust the total power of its transmitted signal. Consequently, by optimizing the transmitted signal, the total power of the transmitted signal can be reduced, versus the case of a communication device with a single antenna, as described in FIG. 3.
Such an optimization beneficially allows, for example, an increase in the battery lifetime of subscriber communication unit 450, an increase in the cellular system capacity of the communication network, and a decrease in the radiation hazard to the user of the subscriber communication unit 450.
The complex weighting provided by control logic 472 can be based on the total power of the transmitted signal and one or both of the phase rotation and the power ratio associated with each antenna element 490 and 495.
FIG. 5 illustrates a portion of the transmitter system for subscriber communication device, according to another embodiment of the invention.
Quality-indicator based signal modifier 500 includes control logic 502, analog-to-digital (AlD) converter 504, vector modulator 506 and digital-to-analog (D/A) converters 508 through 509. DlA converter 508 is coupled to radio subsystem 510 and D/A
converter 509 is coupled to radio subsystem 512.
Note that the D/A converters and radio subsystems are repeated for a number that corresponds to the number of antenna elements. In other words, if subscriber communication device has N number of antenna elements, then the subscriber communication device has N number of D/A converters and radio subsystems. Thus, as shown in FIG. 5, D/A converter 508 and radio subsystem 510 are associated with one antenna element from a set of antenna elements (not shown in FIG.
5). D/A converter 509 and radio subsystem 512 are associated with a different antenna element from the set of antenna elements. Any remaining antenna elements from the set of antenna elements are each also uniquely associated with a D/A converter and a radio subsystem.
The quality-indicator based signal modifier 500 receives an 1F pre- .
transmission signal and power-control signal. The IF pre-transmission signal is received by AID converter 504, which converts the analog pre-transmission signal to a digital form. The A/D converter 504 forwards the digital pre-transmission signal to vector modulator 506. The power control signal is received by control logic 502, which determines complex weighting values.
The complex weighting is calculated by determining the appropriate weighting value associated with the in-phase signal component and the quadrature signal component associated with each antenna element. For example, in the case where the phase rotation is being adjusted, the weighting value for the in-phase signal component will be different than the weighting value for the quadrature signal component. In the case where the power ratio is being adjusted, the weighting value for the in-phase signal component and the weighting value for the quadrature signal component are simultaneously increased or decreased for a given antenna element in parallel. Finally, in the case where the total power of the transmitted signal is being adjusted, the weighting value for the in-phase signal component and the weighting value fox the quadrature signal component are simultaneously increased or decreased for all of the antenna elements in parallel.
Control logic 502 provides the complex weighting values to vector modulator 506. Vector modulator 506 receives the digital pre-transmission signal from A/D converter 504 and the complex weighting values from control logic 502.
Vector modulator 506 splits the pre-transmission signal into a number of pre-transmission signals corresponding to the number of antenna elements. The vector modulator then applies the complex weighting to the various pre-transmission signals so that each pre-transmission signal, which uniquely corresponds to an antenna element, modifies the respective pre-transmission signal based on the complex weighting values.
The modified pre-transmission signals are then provided to D/A converters 508 through 509, which convert the pre-transmission signal from digital to analog form.
Those pre-transmission signals are then provided to radio subsystems 510 through 512, respectively, which then convert the 1F form of the pre-transmission signals into an RF
form. These signals are then forwarded to power amplifiers and respective antenna elements (not shown in FIG. 5).
FIG. 6 shows a system block diagram of the vector modulator shown in FIG. 5. Vector modulator 506 includes filter 610, in-phase signal adjusters 620 through 630, quadrature signal adjusters 640 through 650, and combiners 660 through 670.
The in-phase signal adjuster 620, the quadrature signal adjustor 640 and the combiner 660 are all uniquely associated with an antenna element from the set of antenna elements (not shown in FIG. 6). This set of components is repeated within vector modulator 506 corresponding to the number of remaining antenna elements for the subscriber communication device. Thus, as shown in FIG. 6, in-phase signal adjuster 630, quadrature signal adjuster 650 and combiner 670 are also shown for another antenna element of the subscriber communication device.
Filter 610 receives the digital pre-transmission signal from A/D converter 504. Filter 610 divides the received pre-transmission signal into in-phase and quadrature components. The in-phase component of the pre-transmission signal is provided to in-phase signal adjusters 620 through 630. The quadrature component of the pre-transmission signal is provided to quadrature signal adjusters 640 through 650.
In-phase signal adjusters 620 through 630 and quadrature signal adjusters 640 through 650 receive complex weighting values from control logic 502. In-phase signal adjusters 620 through 630 and quadrature signal adjusters 640 through 650 apply the complex weighting to the pre-transmission signal components to produce modified pre-transmission signals. In-phase signal adjusters 620 through 630 and quadrature signal adjusters 640 through 650 provide modified pre-transmission signals to combiners 660 and 670, respectively. Combiners 660 and 670 then add the respective modified pre-transmission signals and forward the added signals to D/A converters 508 and 509, respectively.
FIG. 7 shows a portion of the transmitter for the subscriber communication device according to another embodiment of the invention. The transmitter portion shown in FIG. 7 receives analog baseband signals (labeled in FIG. 7 as "Baseband I
Channel Data Signal (In)" and "Baseband Q Channel Data Signal (In)") into a quality-indicator signal modifier 700.
Quality-indicator based signal modifier 700 includes A/D converters 710 and 715, filters 720 and 725, vector modulator 730, control logic 740, combiners 750 and 755, and D/A converters 760 and 765. D/A converters 760 and 765 of quality-indicator signal modifier 700 are coupled to radio subsystem 770 and 780, respectively.
A/D converter 710 receives the baseband in-phase signal. A/D converter 715 receives the baseband quadrature pre-transmission signal. A/D converters 710 and 715 are coupled to filters 720 and 725, respectively, which are in turn coupled to vector modulator 730. Control logic 740 receives the power-control signal and forwards complex weighting values to modulator 730. Vector modulator 730 is coupled to combiners 750 through 755.
Combiner 755, D/A converter 760 and radio subsystem 770 uniquely correspond to a given antenna element from the set of antenna elements for the subscriber communication device (not shown in FIG. 7). This set of components is also present corresponding to the number of antenna elements for the subscriber communication device. Consequently, combiner 755, D/A converter 765 and radio subsystem 780 are also shown corresponding to a different antenna element from the set of antenna elements. Any number of additional sets of components can be present corresponding to the number of antenna elements.
FIG. 8 shows a transmitter portion of a subscriber communication device according to yet another embodiment of the invention. More specifically, FIG.
8 shows a quality-indicator signal modifier that receives baseband digital signals.
Quality-indicator based signal modifier 800 includes vector modulator 810, control logic 802, D/A converters 830, 835, 840 and 845, and combiners 850 and 860.
Combiners 850 and 860 of quality-indicator based signal modifier 800 are coupled to radio subsystems 870 and 880, respectively.
Control logic 820 receives a power-control signal and produces complex weighting values, which are provided to vector modulator 810. Vector modulator also receives a digital baseband in-phase pre-transmission signal and a digital baseband quadrature pre-transmission signal. Vector modulator 810 splits the in-phase and quadrature pre-transmission signal components into a number of signals that correspond to the number of antenna elements for the subscriber communication device. The complex weighting values are then applied to the in-phase and quadrature pre-transmission signal associated for each antenna element from the set of antenna elements for the subscriber communication device to produce modified pre-transmission signals. These modified pre-transmission signals are then provided to D/A converters 830 through 845, which convert the digital form of the modified pre-transmission signals into analog form and forward these pre-transmission signals to combiners 850 and 860, respectively. Combiner 850 receives the in-phase and quadrature components of the modified pre-transmission signals from D/A
converters 830 and 835, respectively. Combiner 850 adds these two signals and forwards the added signal to radio subsystem 870. Similarly, combiner 860 receives the analog in-phase and quadrature signal components of the modified pre-transmission signals from D/A converters 840 and 850, respectively and adds the signals. Combiner 860 adds these two signals and forwards the added signals to radio subsystem 880.
FIG. 9 shows a flowchart for calculating the complex weighting by adjusting the phase rotation associated with each antenna element, according to an embodiment. Although FIG. 9 will be described in reference to FIGS. 1, 5 and 6 for convenience, the method described in reference to FIG. 9 can be used with any configuration of a subscriber communication device. In addition, although the quality-indication signal can be any appropriate type of signal that provides information to the subscriber communication device on the quality of the signal, for convenience of discussion, the quality-indication signal is assumed be to power-control signal according to the CDMA protocol.
At step 900, a power-indication signal is sent from basestation 110 to subscriber communication device 120 via wireless connection 130. At step 910, the power-control signal is sent from the baseband subsystem 121 to the quality-indicator based signal modifier 122 (also shown as quality-indicator based signal modifier 500 in FIG. 5). The power-control signal according to the CDMA protocol indicates one of two possible values for any given time period: an "up" value or a "down"
value. An "up" value represents an indication from the basestation to the subscriber communication device that the subscriber communication device should increase the total power of its transmitted signal. A "down" value represents an indication from the basestation to the subscriber communication device that the subscriber communication device should decrease the total power of its transmitted signal. The particular value of the power-control signal is also refereed to herein as including a power-control bit, which represents either the up or down values in binary form.
At step 920, the process is held until the power-control signal reaches a steady state. The power-control signal can reach a steady state in a number of ways.
For example, a consecutive sequence of power-control signals of up-down-up or down-up-down. Once the power-control signal reaches a steady state, the process proceeds to step 930.
At step 930, the phase rotation associated with one antenna element is adjusted. Returning to FIGS. 5 and 6, control logic 502 calculates a new complex weighting so that the phase rotation for one antenna element is changed. This complex weighting is provided to the signal adjusters for that antenna element (e.g., signal adjusters 620 and 640, or signal adjusters 630 and 650). Upon receiving the complex weighting, these signal adjusters adjust the phase rotation thereby modifying the signal component sent from that antenna element and, consequently, modifying the total power of the transmitted signal.
At conditional step 940, the control logic 502 determines whether the power-control signal for a subsequent time period indicates a decrease, e.g., represented by a down value. If the power-control signal indicates a decrease, then the adjustment to the phase rotation for the one antenna element resulted in the basestation receiving the transmitted signal more optimally. In other words, because the basestation received the transmitted signal with increased total power, the basestation will send a down indication in a subsequent power-control signal. The subscriber communication device can continue to attempt to optimize the phase rotation for that antenna element and simultaneously reduce the total power of the transmitted signal. The total power of the transmitted signal can be reduced because the subscriber communication device is communicating with the basestation in a more optimal manner.
At conditional step 940, if the power-control signal does not indicate a decrease for the total power of the transmitted signal (e.g., the power-control signal indicates an up value), then the phase rotation adjustment was not effective and the process proceeds to step 950. At step 950, logic control 502 changes the phase rotation associated with that antenna element to the opposite direction. Then, the process proceeds to step 920 where steps 920 through 940 are repeated based on the opposite direction for the phase rotation.
At conditional step 940, if the power-control signal indicates a decrease for the total power of the transmitted signal (e.g., the power-control signal indicates a down value), then the phase rotation adjustment was effective and the process proceeds to step 960. At step 960, the process is held until the power-control signal reaches a steady state. At step 970, logic control 502 changes the phase rotation associated with that antenna element to the same direction. Then, the process proceeds to step where steps 920 through 940 are repeated based on the same direction for the phase rotation.
FIG. 10 shows a flowchart for calculating the complex weighting by adjusting the phase rotation associated with each antenna element, according to yet another embodiment. At step 1000, the process is held until the power-control signal reaches a steady state. Once the power-control signal reaches a steady state, the process proceeds to step 1010. At step 1010, the phase rotation associated with one antenna element is adjusted based of a new complex weighting calculated by control logic 502.
At conditional step 1020, the control logic 502 determines whether the power-control signal for a subsequent time period indicated a decrease for the total power of the transmitted power, e.g., represented by a down value. If the power-control signal indicates a decrease, then the adjustment to the phase rotation for the one antenna element resulted in the basestation receiving the transmitted signal more optimally. Consequently, the selected direction for the phase rotation is correct and further adjustments to the phase rotation in the same direction may result in a further optimized transmitted signal.
At conditional step 1020, if the power-control signal does not indicate a decrease for the total power of the transmitted signal (e.g., the power-control signal indicates an up value), then the phase rotation adjustment was not effective and the process proceeds to step 1030. At step 1030, Iogic control 502 changes the phase rotation associated with that antenna element to the opposite direction. Then, the process proceeds to step 1000 where steps 1000 through 1020 are repeated based on the opposite direction fox the phase rotation.
At step 1040, logic control 502 changes the phase rotation associated with that antenna element in the same direction. At conditional step 1050, the control logic 502 determines whether the power-control signal for a subsequent time period indicated a decrease, e.g., represented by a down value. If the power-control signal indicates a decrease, then the adjustment to the phase rotation was effective and again process proceeds to 1040. Steps 1040 and 1050 are repeated until the control logic 502 determines that the power-control signal for a subsequent time period indicates an increase for the total power of the transmitted power. At this point, the optimum phase rotation can be obtained by taking the average of the phase rotations during step 1040 and the process proceeds to step 1060. At step 1060, the phase rotation for the antenna element is returned to the previous optimal phase rotation value. Then, the process proceeds to step 1000 where the process is repeated for another antenna element. In this manner, the process can be repeated for each antenna element to obtain an overall optimum for the multiple antenna elements.
FIG. 11 shows a flowchart for calculating the complex weighting by adjusting the phase rotation associated with each antenna element, according to another embodiment. FIG. 11 describes a method where the two most recently received values for the power-control bits are used to determine the proper phase rotation, and consequently, the proper complex weighting.
In this embodiment, the subscriber communication device using the CDMA
protocol sends a signal of two adjacent power control groups (PCGs) in such a manner that the power associated with both PCGs are at the same level P. To simplify this discussion, assume for this embodiment that the subscriber communication device has two antenna elements, although any number of multiple antenna elements is possible.
The phase rotation of the second antenna element relative to the first antenna element in the first PCG is Phi. The phase rotation of the second antenna element relative to the first antenna element in the second PCG is Phi + Delta.
The phase rotation offset (referred to as "Delta") introduced between the first and second PCG provides a mechanism to determine the direction of the phase rotation between the two antenna elements that will improve the signal quality received at the basestation. Consequently, the complex weighting can be calculated by the following: if the value of the power-control bit for the most recent time period corresponds to the value of the power-control bit for the second most recent time period, the total power of the transmitted signal is adjusted while maintaining the phase rotation of the two antenna elements (i.e., maintaining Phi); if the value of the power-control bit for the most recent time period differs from the value of the power-control bit for the second time period, phase rotation of the two elements (i.e., Phi) is adjusted while maintaining the total power of the transmitted signal. The following more fully discusses this embodiment.
At step 1100, a phase rotation associated with one of the two antenna elements is initialized. At step 1110, phase rotation offset (also referred to above as Delta) is introduced for two adjacent PCGs. Based on this introduced phase rotation offset, a transmitted signal is sent from the subscriber communication device to the basestation. Then, the basestation sends a power-control signal based on this received transmitted signal.
At conditional step 1120, a determination is made as to whether the two most recently received values for the power-control bit are same. In other words, the power-control bit will have a particular value for each time period. For example, this time period for the CDMA and the WCDMA protocols is 1.25 msec and 666 ,sec, respectively. The determination at step 1120 compares the value for the power-control bit at the most recent time period to the value for the power-control bit at the second most recent time period. If the two values for the power-control bit correspond, the process proceeds to step 1130. If the two values for the power-control bit differ, the process proceeds to step 1140.
At step 1130, the total power of the transmitted signal is adjusted while maintaining the phase rotation for the antenna element. Control logic 502 adjusts the total power of the transmitted signal and maintains the phase rotation for the two antenna elements by appropriately calculating new complex weighting. Then, the process proceeds to step 1110 so that the process is repeated.
At step 1140, the phase rotation for the two antenna elements is adjusted while maintaining total power of the transmitted signal. Control logic 502 adjusts the phase rotation for the antenna and maintains the total power of the transmitted signal by appropriately calculating new complex weighting. Then, the process proceeds to step 1110 so that the process is repeated.
In this manner, the two most recently received values for the power-control bits are used to determine the proper phase rotation, and consequently, a proper complex weighting. Although the total power of the transmitted signal is adjusted according to this embodiment, the power ratios of the respective antenna elements are not adjusted. The embodiments discussed below in connection with FIGS. 12 and address the calculation of complex weighting so that the total power of the transmitted signal, the phase rotation and the power ratio of the antenna elements are adjusted.
FIG. 12 shows a flowchart for calculating the complex weighting by adjusting the power ratio and the phase rotation associated with each antenna element, according to an embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment, an element threshold detection is considered before adjusting any phase rotation or power ratio for the antenna elements. Again, to simplify this discussion, assume for this embodiment that the subscriber communication device has two antenna elements, although any number of multiple antenna elements is possible. By checking the ratio of the antenna elements, the basestation can provide feedback using the power-control bit of the power-control signal.
More specifically, based on the threshold values, the phase rotation can be adjusted to converge on a substantially optimal phase rotation value. Having determined the substantially optimal phase rotation value, the power ratio value for the antenna elements can be calculated until a substantially optimal power ratio value is converged upon. The process is iterative and can be interrupted at any time to change any parameter, such as the phase rotation or the power ratio.
At step 1200, the power ratio for the two antenna elements is measured. At conditional step 1210, a determination is made as to whether the power ratio is below a predetermined threshold. If the power ratio is not below the predetermined threshold, then the process proceeds to step 1240. If the power ratio is below the predetermined threshold, then the process proceeds to step 1220 to tune the phase rotation.
At step 1220, the phase rotation is changed to find a maximum value. At conditional step 1230, the phase rotation is checked to determine whether it is a substantially optimal value. If the phase rotation is not a substantially optimal value, the process proceeds to step 1220 where the process for finding a substantially optimal value of the phase rotation continues. If the phase rotation is a substantially optimal value, then the process proceeds to step 1240.
At step 1240, the power ratio is changed to find a maximum value. At conditional step 1250, the power ratio is checked to determine whether it is a substantially optimal value. If the power ratio is not a substantially optimal value, the process proceeds to step 1240 where the process for finding a substantially optimal value of the power ratio continues. If the power ratio is a substantially optimal value, then the process proceeds to step 1200, where the overall process repeats.
In sum, the complex weighting can be calculated by adjusting the phase rotation associated with the antenna elements first, and then adjusting the power ratio associated with the antenna elements. In this manner, both the phase rotation and the power ratio can be adjusted to optimize substantially the transmitted signal sent from the subscriber communication device at received at the basestation.
FIG. 13 shows a flowchart for calculating the complex weighting by adjusting the power ratio and the phase rotation associated with each antenna element, according to another embodiment of the invention. Similar to FIG. 11, FIG. 13 describes a method where the two most recently received values for the power-control bit are used to determine the proper phase rotation. In FIG. 13, however, the power ratio associated with the two antenna elements is adjusted after the phase rotation associated with the second antenna element is adjusted. The process of adjusting the power ratio is similar to that described above for adjusting the phase rotation in reference to FIG. 11.
In this embodiment, the subscriber communication device using the CDMA
protocol sends a signal of two adjacent power control groups (PCGs) in such a manner that the power associated with both PCGs are at the same level P. Again, to simplify this discussion, assume for this embodiment that the subscriber communication device has two antenna elements, although any number of multiple antenna elements is possible.
The power ratio associated with the first PCG between the first antenna element and the second antenna element is Lambda. The power ratio associated with the second PCG between the first antenna element and the second antenna element is Lambda + Zeta. The power ratio offset (i.e., Zeta) introduced between the first and second PCG provides a mechanism to determine the direction of changing power ration between the two antenna elements that will improve the signal quality received at the basestation. Consequently, the complex weighting can be calculated by the following:
if the value of the power-control bit for the most recently received time period corresponds to the value of the power-control bit for the second most recently received time period, the total power of the transmitted signal is adjusted while maintaining the power ratio of the two antenna elements; if the value of the power-control bit for the most recently received time period differs from the value of the power-control bit for the second most recently received time period, power ratio Lambda is adjusting while maintaining the total power of the transmitted signal. The following more fully discusses this embodiment.
At step 1300, a phase rotation and a power ratio associated with one of the two antenna elements is initialized. At step 1310, phase rotation offset (also referred to above as Delta) is introduced for two adjacent PCGs. Based on this introduced phase rotation offset, a transmitted signal is sent from the subscriber communication device to the basestation. Then, the basestation sends a power-control signal based on this received transmitted signal.
At conditional step 1320, a determination is made as to whether the two most recently received values for the power-control bit are same. If the two values for the power-control bits correspond, the process proceeds to step 1330. If the two values for the power-control bits differ, the process proceeds to step 1340.
At step 1330, the total power of the transmitted signal is adjusted while maintaining the phase rotation for the antenna element. Control logic 502 adjusts the total power of the transmitted signal and maintains the phase rotation for the two antenna elements by appropriately calculating new complex weighting. Note that during this step the power ratio for the two antenna elements are also maintained.
Then, the process proceeds to step 1310 so that the process is repeated.
At step 1340, the phase rotation for the two antenna elements is adjusted while maintaining total power of the transmitted signal. Control logic 502 adjusts the phase rotation for the antenna and maintains the total power of the transmitted signal by appropriately calculating new complex weighting. Note that during this step the power ratio for the two antenna elements are also maintained. Then, the process proceeds to conditional step 1345.
At conditional step 1345, a determination is made as to whether the adjusted phase rotation produced by step 1340 is optimal. If the phase rotation is less than substantially optimal, then the process proceeds to step 1310. If the phase rotation is substantially optimal, then the process proceeds to step 1350.
At step 1350, power ratio offset (also referred to above as Zeta) is introduced for two adjacent PCGs. At conditional step 1350, a determination is made as to whether the two most recently received values for the power-control bit correspond. If the two most recently. received values for the power-control bit correspond, the process proceeds to step 1380. If the two most recently received values for the power-control bit differ, the process proceeds to step 1370.
At step 1370, the power ratio for the antenna element is adjusted while maintaining total power of the transmitted signal and maintaining the phase rotation for the two antenna elements. . Control logic 502 adjusts the power ratio for the antenna and maintains the total power of the transmitted signal and the phase rotation for two antenna elements by appropriately calculating new complex weighting. The process then proceeds to step 1350 so that steps 1350 and 1360 are repeated until the two values for the most recently received values for the power-control bit correspond.
At step 1380, the power of the transmitted signal is adjusted while maintaining the power ratio and the phase rotation for the antenna element.
Control logic 502 adjusts the total power of the transmitted signal and maintains the power ratio and the phase rotation for the antenna element by appropriately calculating new complex weighting. At conditional step 1390, a determination is made as to whether the track is lost. If the track is not lost, then the process proceeds to step 1350 so that the process of tuning the power ratio associated with the antenna element and the total power of the transmitted signal are repeated in steps 1350 through 1390.
Returning to conditional step 1390, if the track is lost, then the process proceeds to step 1310 where the process of optimizing the phase rotation and then the power ratio is repeated in steps 1310 through 1390.
Conclusion While various embodiments of the invention have been described above, it should be understood that they have been presented by way of example only, and not limitation. Thus, the breadth and scope of the invention should not be limited by any of the above-described embodiments, but should be defined only in accordance with the following claims and their equivalents.
The previous description of the embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the invention. While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, although the previous description of the embodiments often referred to communication devices using a CDMA protocol, other types of protocols are possible.
For example, the communication devices similar to those described above can be used with time-division multiple access (TDMA) or frequency-division multiple access (FDMA) protocols. Such a TDMA protocol can include, for example, the Global Systems for Mobile Communications (GSM) protocol.
Note that although the tuning of a communication device is described through the use complex weighting, in other embodiments other types of control signals can tune the communication device. In other words, the tuning of a communication device through the use such control signals need not be limited to information about varying the magnitude and phase of the signal. For example, the control signals can carry information to vary the magnitude, phase, frequency and/or timing of the signal associated with each antenna element.
Subscriber communication unit 450 includes receiver 460, transmitter (Tx) 470, dual duplexer/diplexer 480 and antennas 490 and 495. Dual duplexer/diplexer 480 is, for example, a set of two units, each comprising a duplexer/diplexer.
Receiver 460 includes demodulator 461. Transmitter 470 includes quality-indication based signal modifier 475, which includes vector modulator 471 and power control logic 472.
Transmitter 470 also includes radio subsystems 476 and 477, and power amplifiers 473 and 474.
Antenna 411 at the basestation receiver 410 is coupled to demodulator 412, which is in turn coupled to SNR estimator 413. SNR or RSSI estimator 413 is coupled to power control bit generator 414, which is in turn coupled to multiplexer 422.
Multiplexer 422 is also coupled to modulator 421 and power amplifier 423, which is in turn coupled to antenna 424.
Subscriber communication unit 450 includes antennas 490 and 495 that are used for both reception and transmission, and are coupled to dual duplexer/diplexer 480. Dual duplexer/diplexer 480 is coupled to receiver 460 and transmitter 470. Note that for the purpose of this embodiment, the receiver may use only one of the two antennas 490 and 495, or a combination of them. Receiver 460 includes demodulator 461, which is coupled to control logic 472 of quality-indication based signal modifier 475. Control logic 472 is coupled to vector modulator 471 of quality-indication based signal modifier 475. Vector modulator 471 is coupled to radio subsystems 476 and 477, which are coupled to power amplifiers 473 and 474, respectively. Power amplifiers 473 and 474 are also coupled to control logic 472. In addition, power amplifiers 473 and 474 are coupled to antenna elements 490 and 495, respectively, through dual duplexer/diplexer 480.
Demodulator 461 receives signals from antennas 490 and 495 via the dual duplexer/diplexer 480 to produce a quality-indication signal. This quality-indication signal can be, for example, a power-control signal having one or more power-control bits. This quality-indication signal is provided to control logic 472. Note that demodulator 461 performs other functions and produces other signals, which are not shown in FIG. 4 for the purpose of clarity in the figure. Control logic 472 produces complex weighting values and forwards these complex weighting values to vector modulator 471 and power amplifiers 473 and 474. Power amplifier 473 is associated with antenna element 490 and power amplifier 474 is associated with antenna element 495.
Note that the control logic 472 is different from the power control logic 372 of the known subscriber communication device 350 shown in FIG. 3. The power control logic 372 merely provided power control information to power amplifier 373, whereas the control logic 472 shown in FIG. 4 provides complex weighting to both the vector modulator 471 and the set of power amplifiers 473 and 474. This allows not only the total power of the transmitted signal to be adjusted based on the received power-control bit, but in addition, allows the phase rotation and/or the power ratio associated with each antenna element 490 and 495 to be adjusted based on the received power control information. Accordingly, this allows the transmitted signal to be optimal with respect to its reception by basestation 400. Once this optimized signal is received by basestation 400, basestation 400 can then send a power-control signal to subscriber communication device 450 indicating that subscriber communication should adjust the total power of its transmitted signal. Consequently, by optimizing the transmitted signal, the total power of the transmitted signal can be reduced, versus the case of a communication device with a single antenna, as described in FIG. 3.
Such an optimization beneficially allows, for example, an increase in the battery lifetime of subscriber communication unit 450, an increase in the cellular system capacity of the communication network, and a decrease in the radiation hazard to the user of the subscriber communication unit 450.
The complex weighting provided by control logic 472 can be based on the total power of the transmitted signal and one or both of the phase rotation and the power ratio associated with each antenna element 490 and 495.
FIG. 5 illustrates a portion of the transmitter system for subscriber communication device, according to another embodiment of the invention.
Quality-indicator based signal modifier 500 includes control logic 502, analog-to-digital (AlD) converter 504, vector modulator 506 and digital-to-analog (D/A) converters 508 through 509. DlA converter 508 is coupled to radio subsystem 510 and D/A
converter 509 is coupled to radio subsystem 512.
Note that the D/A converters and radio subsystems are repeated for a number that corresponds to the number of antenna elements. In other words, if subscriber communication device has N number of antenna elements, then the subscriber communication device has N number of D/A converters and radio subsystems. Thus, as shown in FIG. 5, D/A converter 508 and radio subsystem 510 are associated with one antenna element from a set of antenna elements (not shown in FIG.
5). D/A converter 509 and radio subsystem 512 are associated with a different antenna element from the set of antenna elements. Any remaining antenna elements from the set of antenna elements are each also uniquely associated with a D/A converter and a radio subsystem.
The quality-indicator based signal modifier 500 receives an 1F pre- .
transmission signal and power-control signal. The IF pre-transmission signal is received by AID converter 504, which converts the analog pre-transmission signal to a digital form. The A/D converter 504 forwards the digital pre-transmission signal to vector modulator 506. The power control signal is received by control logic 502, which determines complex weighting values.
The complex weighting is calculated by determining the appropriate weighting value associated with the in-phase signal component and the quadrature signal component associated with each antenna element. For example, in the case where the phase rotation is being adjusted, the weighting value for the in-phase signal component will be different than the weighting value for the quadrature signal component. In the case where the power ratio is being adjusted, the weighting value for the in-phase signal component and the weighting value for the quadrature signal component are simultaneously increased or decreased for a given antenna element in parallel. Finally, in the case where the total power of the transmitted signal is being adjusted, the weighting value for the in-phase signal component and the weighting value fox the quadrature signal component are simultaneously increased or decreased for all of the antenna elements in parallel.
Control logic 502 provides the complex weighting values to vector modulator 506. Vector modulator 506 receives the digital pre-transmission signal from A/D converter 504 and the complex weighting values from control logic 502.
Vector modulator 506 splits the pre-transmission signal into a number of pre-transmission signals corresponding to the number of antenna elements. The vector modulator then applies the complex weighting to the various pre-transmission signals so that each pre-transmission signal, which uniquely corresponds to an antenna element, modifies the respective pre-transmission signal based on the complex weighting values.
The modified pre-transmission signals are then provided to D/A converters 508 through 509, which convert the pre-transmission signal from digital to analog form.
Those pre-transmission signals are then provided to radio subsystems 510 through 512, respectively, which then convert the 1F form of the pre-transmission signals into an RF
form. These signals are then forwarded to power amplifiers and respective antenna elements (not shown in FIG. 5).
FIG. 6 shows a system block diagram of the vector modulator shown in FIG. 5. Vector modulator 506 includes filter 610, in-phase signal adjusters 620 through 630, quadrature signal adjusters 640 through 650, and combiners 660 through 670.
The in-phase signal adjuster 620, the quadrature signal adjustor 640 and the combiner 660 are all uniquely associated with an antenna element from the set of antenna elements (not shown in FIG. 6). This set of components is repeated within vector modulator 506 corresponding to the number of remaining antenna elements for the subscriber communication device. Thus, as shown in FIG. 6, in-phase signal adjuster 630, quadrature signal adjuster 650 and combiner 670 are also shown for another antenna element of the subscriber communication device.
Filter 610 receives the digital pre-transmission signal from A/D converter 504. Filter 610 divides the received pre-transmission signal into in-phase and quadrature components. The in-phase component of the pre-transmission signal is provided to in-phase signal adjusters 620 through 630. The quadrature component of the pre-transmission signal is provided to quadrature signal adjusters 640 through 650.
In-phase signal adjusters 620 through 630 and quadrature signal adjusters 640 through 650 receive complex weighting values from control logic 502. In-phase signal adjusters 620 through 630 and quadrature signal adjusters 640 through 650 apply the complex weighting to the pre-transmission signal components to produce modified pre-transmission signals. In-phase signal adjusters 620 through 630 and quadrature signal adjusters 640 through 650 provide modified pre-transmission signals to combiners 660 and 670, respectively. Combiners 660 and 670 then add the respective modified pre-transmission signals and forward the added signals to D/A converters 508 and 509, respectively.
FIG. 7 shows a portion of the transmitter for the subscriber communication device according to another embodiment of the invention. The transmitter portion shown in FIG. 7 receives analog baseband signals (labeled in FIG. 7 as "Baseband I
Channel Data Signal (In)" and "Baseband Q Channel Data Signal (In)") into a quality-indicator signal modifier 700.
Quality-indicator based signal modifier 700 includes A/D converters 710 and 715, filters 720 and 725, vector modulator 730, control logic 740, combiners 750 and 755, and D/A converters 760 and 765. D/A converters 760 and 765 of quality-indicator signal modifier 700 are coupled to radio subsystem 770 and 780, respectively.
A/D converter 710 receives the baseband in-phase signal. A/D converter 715 receives the baseband quadrature pre-transmission signal. A/D converters 710 and 715 are coupled to filters 720 and 725, respectively, which are in turn coupled to vector modulator 730. Control logic 740 receives the power-control signal and forwards complex weighting values to modulator 730. Vector modulator 730 is coupled to combiners 750 through 755.
Combiner 755, D/A converter 760 and radio subsystem 770 uniquely correspond to a given antenna element from the set of antenna elements for the subscriber communication device (not shown in FIG. 7). This set of components is also present corresponding to the number of antenna elements for the subscriber communication device. Consequently, combiner 755, D/A converter 765 and radio subsystem 780 are also shown corresponding to a different antenna element from the set of antenna elements. Any number of additional sets of components can be present corresponding to the number of antenna elements.
FIG. 8 shows a transmitter portion of a subscriber communication device according to yet another embodiment of the invention. More specifically, FIG.
8 shows a quality-indicator signal modifier that receives baseband digital signals.
Quality-indicator based signal modifier 800 includes vector modulator 810, control logic 802, D/A converters 830, 835, 840 and 845, and combiners 850 and 860.
Combiners 850 and 860 of quality-indicator based signal modifier 800 are coupled to radio subsystems 870 and 880, respectively.
Control logic 820 receives a power-control signal and produces complex weighting values, which are provided to vector modulator 810. Vector modulator also receives a digital baseband in-phase pre-transmission signal and a digital baseband quadrature pre-transmission signal. Vector modulator 810 splits the in-phase and quadrature pre-transmission signal components into a number of signals that correspond to the number of antenna elements for the subscriber communication device. The complex weighting values are then applied to the in-phase and quadrature pre-transmission signal associated for each antenna element from the set of antenna elements for the subscriber communication device to produce modified pre-transmission signals. These modified pre-transmission signals are then provided to D/A converters 830 through 845, which convert the digital form of the modified pre-transmission signals into analog form and forward these pre-transmission signals to combiners 850 and 860, respectively. Combiner 850 receives the in-phase and quadrature components of the modified pre-transmission signals from D/A
converters 830 and 835, respectively. Combiner 850 adds these two signals and forwards the added signal to radio subsystem 870. Similarly, combiner 860 receives the analog in-phase and quadrature signal components of the modified pre-transmission signals from D/A converters 840 and 850, respectively and adds the signals. Combiner 860 adds these two signals and forwards the added signals to radio subsystem 880.
FIG. 9 shows a flowchart for calculating the complex weighting by adjusting the phase rotation associated with each antenna element, according to an embodiment. Although FIG. 9 will be described in reference to FIGS. 1, 5 and 6 for convenience, the method described in reference to FIG. 9 can be used with any configuration of a subscriber communication device. In addition, although the quality-indication signal can be any appropriate type of signal that provides information to the subscriber communication device on the quality of the signal, for convenience of discussion, the quality-indication signal is assumed be to power-control signal according to the CDMA protocol.
At step 900, a power-indication signal is sent from basestation 110 to subscriber communication device 120 via wireless connection 130. At step 910, the power-control signal is sent from the baseband subsystem 121 to the quality-indicator based signal modifier 122 (also shown as quality-indicator based signal modifier 500 in FIG. 5). The power-control signal according to the CDMA protocol indicates one of two possible values for any given time period: an "up" value or a "down"
value. An "up" value represents an indication from the basestation to the subscriber communication device that the subscriber communication device should increase the total power of its transmitted signal. A "down" value represents an indication from the basestation to the subscriber communication device that the subscriber communication device should decrease the total power of its transmitted signal. The particular value of the power-control signal is also refereed to herein as including a power-control bit, which represents either the up or down values in binary form.
At step 920, the process is held until the power-control signal reaches a steady state. The power-control signal can reach a steady state in a number of ways.
For example, a consecutive sequence of power-control signals of up-down-up or down-up-down. Once the power-control signal reaches a steady state, the process proceeds to step 930.
At step 930, the phase rotation associated with one antenna element is adjusted. Returning to FIGS. 5 and 6, control logic 502 calculates a new complex weighting so that the phase rotation for one antenna element is changed. This complex weighting is provided to the signal adjusters for that antenna element (e.g., signal adjusters 620 and 640, or signal adjusters 630 and 650). Upon receiving the complex weighting, these signal adjusters adjust the phase rotation thereby modifying the signal component sent from that antenna element and, consequently, modifying the total power of the transmitted signal.
At conditional step 940, the control logic 502 determines whether the power-control signal for a subsequent time period indicates a decrease, e.g., represented by a down value. If the power-control signal indicates a decrease, then the adjustment to the phase rotation for the one antenna element resulted in the basestation receiving the transmitted signal more optimally. In other words, because the basestation received the transmitted signal with increased total power, the basestation will send a down indication in a subsequent power-control signal. The subscriber communication device can continue to attempt to optimize the phase rotation for that antenna element and simultaneously reduce the total power of the transmitted signal. The total power of the transmitted signal can be reduced because the subscriber communication device is communicating with the basestation in a more optimal manner.
At conditional step 940, if the power-control signal does not indicate a decrease for the total power of the transmitted signal (e.g., the power-control signal indicates an up value), then the phase rotation adjustment was not effective and the process proceeds to step 950. At step 950, logic control 502 changes the phase rotation associated with that antenna element to the opposite direction. Then, the process proceeds to step 920 where steps 920 through 940 are repeated based on the opposite direction for the phase rotation.
At conditional step 940, if the power-control signal indicates a decrease for the total power of the transmitted signal (e.g., the power-control signal indicates a down value), then the phase rotation adjustment was effective and the process proceeds to step 960. At step 960, the process is held until the power-control signal reaches a steady state. At step 970, logic control 502 changes the phase rotation associated with that antenna element to the same direction. Then, the process proceeds to step where steps 920 through 940 are repeated based on the same direction for the phase rotation.
FIG. 10 shows a flowchart for calculating the complex weighting by adjusting the phase rotation associated with each antenna element, according to yet another embodiment. At step 1000, the process is held until the power-control signal reaches a steady state. Once the power-control signal reaches a steady state, the process proceeds to step 1010. At step 1010, the phase rotation associated with one antenna element is adjusted based of a new complex weighting calculated by control logic 502.
At conditional step 1020, the control logic 502 determines whether the power-control signal for a subsequent time period indicated a decrease for the total power of the transmitted power, e.g., represented by a down value. If the power-control signal indicates a decrease, then the adjustment to the phase rotation for the one antenna element resulted in the basestation receiving the transmitted signal more optimally. Consequently, the selected direction for the phase rotation is correct and further adjustments to the phase rotation in the same direction may result in a further optimized transmitted signal.
At conditional step 1020, if the power-control signal does not indicate a decrease for the total power of the transmitted signal (e.g., the power-control signal indicates an up value), then the phase rotation adjustment was not effective and the process proceeds to step 1030. At step 1030, Iogic control 502 changes the phase rotation associated with that antenna element to the opposite direction. Then, the process proceeds to step 1000 where steps 1000 through 1020 are repeated based on the opposite direction fox the phase rotation.
At step 1040, logic control 502 changes the phase rotation associated with that antenna element in the same direction. At conditional step 1050, the control logic 502 determines whether the power-control signal for a subsequent time period indicated a decrease, e.g., represented by a down value. If the power-control signal indicates a decrease, then the adjustment to the phase rotation was effective and again process proceeds to 1040. Steps 1040 and 1050 are repeated until the control logic 502 determines that the power-control signal for a subsequent time period indicates an increase for the total power of the transmitted power. At this point, the optimum phase rotation can be obtained by taking the average of the phase rotations during step 1040 and the process proceeds to step 1060. At step 1060, the phase rotation for the antenna element is returned to the previous optimal phase rotation value. Then, the process proceeds to step 1000 where the process is repeated for another antenna element. In this manner, the process can be repeated for each antenna element to obtain an overall optimum for the multiple antenna elements.
FIG. 11 shows a flowchart for calculating the complex weighting by adjusting the phase rotation associated with each antenna element, according to another embodiment. FIG. 11 describes a method where the two most recently received values for the power-control bits are used to determine the proper phase rotation, and consequently, the proper complex weighting.
In this embodiment, the subscriber communication device using the CDMA
protocol sends a signal of two adjacent power control groups (PCGs) in such a manner that the power associated with both PCGs are at the same level P. To simplify this discussion, assume for this embodiment that the subscriber communication device has two antenna elements, although any number of multiple antenna elements is possible.
The phase rotation of the second antenna element relative to the first antenna element in the first PCG is Phi. The phase rotation of the second antenna element relative to the first antenna element in the second PCG is Phi + Delta.
The phase rotation offset (referred to as "Delta") introduced between the first and second PCG provides a mechanism to determine the direction of the phase rotation between the two antenna elements that will improve the signal quality received at the basestation. Consequently, the complex weighting can be calculated by the following: if the value of the power-control bit for the most recent time period corresponds to the value of the power-control bit for the second most recent time period, the total power of the transmitted signal is adjusted while maintaining the phase rotation of the two antenna elements (i.e., maintaining Phi); if the value of the power-control bit for the most recent time period differs from the value of the power-control bit for the second time period, phase rotation of the two elements (i.e., Phi) is adjusted while maintaining the total power of the transmitted signal. The following more fully discusses this embodiment.
At step 1100, a phase rotation associated with one of the two antenna elements is initialized. At step 1110, phase rotation offset (also referred to above as Delta) is introduced for two adjacent PCGs. Based on this introduced phase rotation offset, a transmitted signal is sent from the subscriber communication device to the basestation. Then, the basestation sends a power-control signal based on this received transmitted signal.
At conditional step 1120, a determination is made as to whether the two most recently received values for the power-control bit are same. In other words, the power-control bit will have a particular value for each time period. For example, this time period for the CDMA and the WCDMA protocols is 1.25 msec and 666 ,sec, respectively. The determination at step 1120 compares the value for the power-control bit at the most recent time period to the value for the power-control bit at the second most recent time period. If the two values for the power-control bit correspond, the process proceeds to step 1130. If the two values for the power-control bit differ, the process proceeds to step 1140.
At step 1130, the total power of the transmitted signal is adjusted while maintaining the phase rotation for the antenna element. Control logic 502 adjusts the total power of the transmitted signal and maintains the phase rotation for the two antenna elements by appropriately calculating new complex weighting. Then, the process proceeds to step 1110 so that the process is repeated.
At step 1140, the phase rotation for the two antenna elements is adjusted while maintaining total power of the transmitted signal. Control logic 502 adjusts the phase rotation for the antenna and maintains the total power of the transmitted signal by appropriately calculating new complex weighting. Then, the process proceeds to step 1110 so that the process is repeated.
In this manner, the two most recently received values for the power-control bits are used to determine the proper phase rotation, and consequently, a proper complex weighting. Although the total power of the transmitted signal is adjusted according to this embodiment, the power ratios of the respective antenna elements are not adjusted. The embodiments discussed below in connection with FIGS. 12 and address the calculation of complex weighting so that the total power of the transmitted signal, the phase rotation and the power ratio of the antenna elements are adjusted.
FIG. 12 shows a flowchart for calculating the complex weighting by adjusting the power ratio and the phase rotation associated with each antenna element, according to an embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment, an element threshold detection is considered before adjusting any phase rotation or power ratio for the antenna elements. Again, to simplify this discussion, assume for this embodiment that the subscriber communication device has two antenna elements, although any number of multiple antenna elements is possible. By checking the ratio of the antenna elements, the basestation can provide feedback using the power-control bit of the power-control signal.
More specifically, based on the threshold values, the phase rotation can be adjusted to converge on a substantially optimal phase rotation value. Having determined the substantially optimal phase rotation value, the power ratio value for the antenna elements can be calculated until a substantially optimal power ratio value is converged upon. The process is iterative and can be interrupted at any time to change any parameter, such as the phase rotation or the power ratio.
At step 1200, the power ratio for the two antenna elements is measured. At conditional step 1210, a determination is made as to whether the power ratio is below a predetermined threshold. If the power ratio is not below the predetermined threshold, then the process proceeds to step 1240. If the power ratio is below the predetermined threshold, then the process proceeds to step 1220 to tune the phase rotation.
At step 1220, the phase rotation is changed to find a maximum value. At conditional step 1230, the phase rotation is checked to determine whether it is a substantially optimal value. If the phase rotation is not a substantially optimal value, the process proceeds to step 1220 where the process for finding a substantially optimal value of the phase rotation continues. If the phase rotation is a substantially optimal value, then the process proceeds to step 1240.
At step 1240, the power ratio is changed to find a maximum value. At conditional step 1250, the power ratio is checked to determine whether it is a substantially optimal value. If the power ratio is not a substantially optimal value, the process proceeds to step 1240 where the process for finding a substantially optimal value of the power ratio continues. If the power ratio is a substantially optimal value, then the process proceeds to step 1200, where the overall process repeats.
In sum, the complex weighting can be calculated by adjusting the phase rotation associated with the antenna elements first, and then adjusting the power ratio associated with the antenna elements. In this manner, both the phase rotation and the power ratio can be adjusted to optimize substantially the transmitted signal sent from the subscriber communication device at received at the basestation.
FIG. 13 shows a flowchart for calculating the complex weighting by adjusting the power ratio and the phase rotation associated with each antenna element, according to another embodiment of the invention. Similar to FIG. 11, FIG. 13 describes a method where the two most recently received values for the power-control bit are used to determine the proper phase rotation. In FIG. 13, however, the power ratio associated with the two antenna elements is adjusted after the phase rotation associated with the second antenna element is adjusted. The process of adjusting the power ratio is similar to that described above for adjusting the phase rotation in reference to FIG. 11.
In this embodiment, the subscriber communication device using the CDMA
protocol sends a signal of two adjacent power control groups (PCGs) in such a manner that the power associated with both PCGs are at the same level P. Again, to simplify this discussion, assume for this embodiment that the subscriber communication device has two antenna elements, although any number of multiple antenna elements is possible.
The power ratio associated with the first PCG between the first antenna element and the second antenna element is Lambda. The power ratio associated with the second PCG between the first antenna element and the second antenna element is Lambda + Zeta. The power ratio offset (i.e., Zeta) introduced between the first and second PCG provides a mechanism to determine the direction of changing power ration between the two antenna elements that will improve the signal quality received at the basestation. Consequently, the complex weighting can be calculated by the following:
if the value of the power-control bit for the most recently received time period corresponds to the value of the power-control bit for the second most recently received time period, the total power of the transmitted signal is adjusted while maintaining the power ratio of the two antenna elements; if the value of the power-control bit for the most recently received time period differs from the value of the power-control bit for the second most recently received time period, power ratio Lambda is adjusting while maintaining the total power of the transmitted signal. The following more fully discusses this embodiment.
At step 1300, a phase rotation and a power ratio associated with one of the two antenna elements is initialized. At step 1310, phase rotation offset (also referred to above as Delta) is introduced for two adjacent PCGs. Based on this introduced phase rotation offset, a transmitted signal is sent from the subscriber communication device to the basestation. Then, the basestation sends a power-control signal based on this received transmitted signal.
At conditional step 1320, a determination is made as to whether the two most recently received values for the power-control bit are same. If the two values for the power-control bits correspond, the process proceeds to step 1330. If the two values for the power-control bits differ, the process proceeds to step 1340.
At step 1330, the total power of the transmitted signal is adjusted while maintaining the phase rotation for the antenna element. Control logic 502 adjusts the total power of the transmitted signal and maintains the phase rotation for the two antenna elements by appropriately calculating new complex weighting. Note that during this step the power ratio for the two antenna elements are also maintained.
Then, the process proceeds to step 1310 so that the process is repeated.
At step 1340, the phase rotation for the two antenna elements is adjusted while maintaining total power of the transmitted signal. Control logic 502 adjusts the phase rotation for the antenna and maintains the total power of the transmitted signal by appropriately calculating new complex weighting. Note that during this step the power ratio for the two antenna elements are also maintained. Then, the process proceeds to conditional step 1345.
At conditional step 1345, a determination is made as to whether the adjusted phase rotation produced by step 1340 is optimal. If the phase rotation is less than substantially optimal, then the process proceeds to step 1310. If the phase rotation is substantially optimal, then the process proceeds to step 1350.
At step 1350, power ratio offset (also referred to above as Zeta) is introduced for two adjacent PCGs. At conditional step 1350, a determination is made as to whether the two most recently received values for the power-control bit correspond. If the two most recently. received values for the power-control bit correspond, the process proceeds to step 1380. If the two most recently received values for the power-control bit differ, the process proceeds to step 1370.
At step 1370, the power ratio for the antenna element is adjusted while maintaining total power of the transmitted signal and maintaining the phase rotation for the two antenna elements. . Control logic 502 adjusts the power ratio for the antenna and maintains the total power of the transmitted signal and the phase rotation for two antenna elements by appropriately calculating new complex weighting. The process then proceeds to step 1350 so that steps 1350 and 1360 are repeated until the two values for the most recently received values for the power-control bit correspond.
At step 1380, the power of the transmitted signal is adjusted while maintaining the power ratio and the phase rotation for the antenna element.
Control logic 502 adjusts the total power of the transmitted signal and maintains the power ratio and the phase rotation for the antenna element by appropriately calculating new complex weighting. At conditional step 1390, a determination is made as to whether the track is lost. If the track is not lost, then the process proceeds to step 1350 so that the process of tuning the power ratio associated with the antenna element and the total power of the transmitted signal are repeated in steps 1350 through 1390.
Returning to conditional step 1390, if the track is lost, then the process proceeds to step 1310 where the process of optimizing the phase rotation and then the power ratio is repeated in steps 1310 through 1390.
Conclusion While various embodiments of the invention have been described above, it should be understood that they have been presented by way of example only, and not limitation. Thus, the breadth and scope of the invention should not be limited by any of the above-described embodiments, but should be defined only in accordance with the following claims and their equivalents.
The previous description of the embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the invention. While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, although the previous description of the embodiments often referred to communication devices using a CDMA protocol, other types of protocols are possible.
For example, the communication devices similar to those described above can be used with time-division multiple access (TDMA) or frequency-division multiple access (FDMA) protocols. Such a TDMA protocol can include, for example, the Global Systems for Mobile Communications (GSM) protocol.
Note that although the tuning of a communication device is described through the use complex weighting, in other embodiments other types of control signals can tune the communication device. In other words, the tuning of a communication device through the use such control signals need not be limited to information about varying the magnitude and phase of the signal. For example, the control signals can carry information to vary the magnitude, phase, frequency and/or timing of the signal associated with each antenna element.
Claims (46)
1. A method for a first communication device to communicate with a second communication device over a communication link, the first communication device having a plurality of antenna elements, the method comprising:
receiving a quality-indication signal from the second communication device;
calculating a complex weighting based on the quality-indication signal;
modifying a pre-transmission signal based on the complex weighting to produce a plurality of modified pre-transmission signals, each modified pre-transmission signal from the plurality modified pre-transmission signals being uniquely associated with an antenna element from a plurality antenna elements; and sending the plurality of modified pre-transmission signals from the plurality of antenna elements to produce an effective combined transmitted signal, the complex weighting being associated with a total power of the transmitted signal and at least one from a phase rotation and a power ratio associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements.
receiving a quality-indication signal from the second communication device;
calculating a complex weighting based on the quality-indication signal;
modifying a pre-transmission signal based on the complex weighting to produce a plurality of modified pre-transmission signals, each modified pre-transmission signal from the plurality modified pre-transmission signals being uniquely associated with an antenna element from a plurality antenna elements; and sending the plurality of modified pre-transmission signals from the plurality of antenna elements to produce an effective combined transmitted signal, the complex weighting being associated with a total power of the transmitted signal and at least one from a phase rotation and a power ratio associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the total power of the transmitted signal is optimized with respect to a fading associated with a channel between the first communication device and the second communication device.
the total power of the transmitted signal is optimized with respect to a fading associated with a channel between the first communication device and the second communication device.
3. The method of claim l, wherein:
the communication link is configured according to at least one Code-Division-Multiple-Access (CDMA) protocol from the group of CDMA-IS-95 A/B, CDMA 2000 1X/RTT, CDMA 2000 3X, CDMA EV-DO, WCDMA, 3G Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) and 4G UMTS.
the communication link is configured according to at least one Code-Division-Multiple-Access (CDMA) protocol from the group of CDMA-IS-95 A/B, CDMA 2000 1X/RTT, CDMA 2000 3X, CDMA EV-DO, WCDMA, 3G Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) and 4G UMTS.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein:
the quality-indication signal is a power-control bit according to the CDMA
protocol, the power-control bit having a value of one or zero for each time period from a plurality of time periods, the power-control bit being generated by the second communication device and indicating an adjustment to a power of the transmitted signal at the first communication device so that a predetermined threshold requirement for the second communication device can be satisfied.
the quality-indication signal is a power-control bit according to the CDMA
protocol, the power-control bit having a value of one or zero for each time period from a plurality of time periods, the power-control bit being generated by the second communication device and indicating an adjustment to a power of the transmitted signal at the first communication device so that a predetermined threshold requirement for the second communication device can be satisfied.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein:
the complex weighting is associated with the total power of the transmitted signal and the phase rotation associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna element.
the complex weighting is associated with the total power of the transmitted signal and the phase rotation associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna element.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the calculating of the complex weighting includes:
substantially optimizing the total power of the transmitted signal and the phase rotation associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements in parallel while maintaining a power ratio associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements.
substantially optimizing the total power of the transmitted signal and the phase rotation associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements in parallel while maintaining a power ratio associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the calculating of the complex weighting is performed for each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements and includes:
adjusting the total power of the transmitted signal while maintaining the phase rotation associated with antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements until a steady state is obtained at a first time;
adjusting the phase rotation associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements while maintaining the total power of the transmitted signal to produce an optimal phase rotation for each antenna element; and adjusting the total power of the transmitted signal while maintaining the optimal phase rotation for each antenna element until a second steady state is obtained at a second time subsequent to the first time.
adjusting the total power of the transmitted signal while maintaining the phase rotation associated with antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements until a steady state is obtained at a first time;
adjusting the phase rotation associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements while maintaining the total power of the transmitted signal to produce an optimal phase rotation for each antenna element; and adjusting the total power of the transmitted signal while maintaining the optimal phase rotation for each antenna element until a second steady state is obtained at a second time subsequent to the first time.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein:
the plurality of antenna elements includes only a first antenna element and a second antenna element.
the plurality of antenna elements includes only a first antenna element and a second antenna element.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein:
the transmitted signal includes a first adjacent power control group (PCG) and a second PCG so that a power associated the first PCG and a power associated with the second PCG are substantially at a same level P, the first PCG being associated with its own phase rotation having a value, the second PCG being associated with its own phase rotation having the value of the first PCG plus an offset; and the calculating of the complex weighting includes:
adjusting the total power of the transmitted signal while maintaining the phase rotation associated with the first PCG and the phase rotation associated with the second PCG if the value for the power-control bit at the most recent time period corresponds to the value for the power-control bit at a second most recent time period;
and adjusting the phase rotation associated with the first PCG and the phase rotation associated with the second PCG while maintaining the total power of the transmitted signal if the value for the power-control bit at the most recent time period differs from the value for the power-control bit at the second most recent time period.
the transmitted signal includes a first adjacent power control group (PCG) and a second PCG so that a power associated the first PCG and a power associated with the second PCG are substantially at a same level P, the first PCG being associated with its own phase rotation having a value, the second PCG being associated with its own phase rotation having the value of the first PCG plus an offset; and the calculating of the complex weighting includes:
adjusting the total power of the transmitted signal while maintaining the phase rotation associated with the first PCG and the phase rotation associated with the second PCG if the value for the power-control bit at the most recent time period corresponds to the value for the power-control bit at a second most recent time period;
and adjusting the phase rotation associated with the first PCG and the phase rotation associated with the second PCG while maintaining the total power of the transmitted signal if the value for the power-control bit at the most recent time period differs from the value for the power-control bit at the second most recent time period.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the calculating of the complex weighting includes:
detecting a steady state in the quality-indication signal;
adjusting the phase rotation associated with the second antenna element;
selecting a first direction for the phase rotation associated with the second antenna element, the first direction being selected to improve a received signal quality at the second communication device; and adjusting the phase rotation associated with the second antenna element in the first direction until a boundary is detected.
detecting a steady state in the quality-indication signal;
adjusting the phase rotation associated with the second antenna element;
selecting a first direction for the phase rotation associated with the second antenna element, the first direction being selected to improve a received signal quality at the second communication device; and adjusting the phase rotation associated with the second antenna element in the first direction until a boundary is detected.
11. The method of claim 8, wherein the calculating of the complex weighting includes:
detecting a steady state in the quality-indication signal at a first time;
adjusting the phase rotation associated with the second antenna element;
selecting a first direction for the phase rotation associated with the second antenna element, the first direction being selected to improve a received signal quality at the second communication device; and adjusting the phase rotation associated with the second antenna element in the first direction until a second steady state is detected in the quality-indication signal at a second time subsequent to the first time.
detecting a steady state in the quality-indication signal at a first time;
adjusting the phase rotation associated with the second antenna element;
selecting a first direction for the phase rotation associated with the second antenna element, the first direction being selected to improve a received signal quality at the second communication device; and adjusting the phase rotation associated with the second antenna element in the first direction until a second steady state is detected in the quality-indication signal at a second time subsequent to the first time.
12. The method of claim 4, wherein:
the complex weighting is associated with the total power of the transmitted signal, the phase rotation associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna element and the power ratio associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements.
the complex weighting is associated with the total power of the transmitted signal, the phase rotation associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna element and the power ratio associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the calculating of the complex weighting includes:
substantially optimizing the total power of the transmitted signal and the phase rotation associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements in parallel while maintaining a power ratio associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements; and substantially optimizing the total power of the transmitted signal and a power ratio associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements in parallel while maintaining the phase rotation associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements.
substantially optimizing the total power of the transmitted signal and the phase rotation associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements in parallel while maintaining a power ratio associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements; and substantially optimizing the total power of the transmitted signal and a power ratio associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements in parallel while maintaining the phase rotation associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements.
14. The method of claim 12, wherein the calculating the complex weighting includes:
adjusting the total power of the transmitted signal while maintaining the phase rotation and the power ratio associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements until a steady state is detected in the quality-indication signal;
adjusting the phase rotation associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements while maintaining the total power of the transmitted signal and a power ratio associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements;
adjusting a total power of the transmitted signal while maintaining the phase rotation and the power ratio associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements;
adjusting the power ratio associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements while maintaining the total power associated with the transmitted signal and the phase rotation associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements; and adjusting the total power of the transmitted power while maintaining the phase rotation and the power ratio associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements.
adjusting the total power of the transmitted signal while maintaining the phase rotation and the power ratio associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements until a steady state is detected in the quality-indication signal;
adjusting the phase rotation associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements while maintaining the total power of the transmitted signal and a power ratio associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements;
adjusting a total power of the transmitted signal while maintaining the phase rotation and the power ratio associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements;
adjusting the power ratio associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements while maintaining the total power associated with the transmitted signal and the phase rotation associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements; and adjusting the total power of the transmitted power while maintaining the phase rotation and the power ratio associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements.
15. The method of claim 12, wherein the plurality of antenna elements is a first antenna element and a second antenna element.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein:
the transmitted signal includes a first adjacent power control group (PCG) and a second PCG so that a power associated the first PCG and a power associated with the second PCG are substantially at a same level P, the first PCG being associated with its own phase rotation having a value and its own power ratio having a value, the second PCG being associated with its own phase rotation having the phase rotation value of the first PCG plus a phase offset and its own power ratio having the power ratio value of the first PCG plus a power ratio offset; and the calculating of the complex weighting includes:
adjusting the total power of the transmitted signal while maintaining the phase rotation associated with the first PCG and the phase rotation associated with the second PCG if the value for the power-control bit at the most recent time period corresponds to the value for the power-control bit at a second most recent time period;
adjusting the phase rotation associated with the first PCG and the phase rotation associated with the second PCG while maintaining the total power of the transmitted signal if the value for the power-control bit at the most recent time period differs from the value for the power-control bit at the second most recent time period;
adjusting the total power of the transmitted signal while maintaining the power ratio associated with the first PCG and the power ratio associated with the second PCG if the value for the power-control bit at the most recent time period corresponds to the value for the power-control bit at the second most recent time period; and adjusting the power ratio associated with the first PCG and the power ratio associated with the second PCG while maintaining the total power of the transmitted signal if the value for the power-control bit at the most recent time period differs from the value for the power-control bit at the second most recent time period.
the transmitted signal includes a first adjacent power control group (PCG) and a second PCG so that a power associated the first PCG and a power associated with the second PCG are substantially at a same level P, the first PCG being associated with its own phase rotation having a value and its own power ratio having a value, the second PCG being associated with its own phase rotation having the phase rotation value of the first PCG plus a phase offset and its own power ratio having the power ratio value of the first PCG plus a power ratio offset; and the calculating of the complex weighting includes:
adjusting the total power of the transmitted signal while maintaining the phase rotation associated with the first PCG and the phase rotation associated with the second PCG if the value for the power-control bit at the most recent time period corresponds to the value for the power-control bit at a second most recent time period;
adjusting the phase rotation associated with the first PCG and the phase rotation associated with the second PCG while maintaining the total power of the transmitted signal if the value for the power-control bit at the most recent time period differs from the value for the power-control bit at the second most recent time period;
adjusting the total power of the transmitted signal while maintaining the power ratio associated with the first PCG and the power ratio associated with the second PCG if the value for the power-control bit at the most recent time period corresponds to the value for the power-control bit at the second most recent time period; and adjusting the power ratio associated with the first PCG and the power ratio associated with the second PCG while maintaining the total power of the transmitted signal if the value for the power-control bit at the most recent time period differs from the value for the power-control bit at the second most recent time period.
17. The method of claim 15, wherein the calculating the complex weighting includes:
adjusting the phase rotation associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements while maintaining the total power of the transmitted signal and a power ratio associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements;
after adjusting the phase rotation, adjusting the power ratio associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements while maintaining the total power associated with the transmitted signal and the phase rotation associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements.
adjusting the phase rotation associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements while maintaining the total power of the transmitted signal and a power ratio associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements;
after adjusting the phase rotation, adjusting the power ratio associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements while maintaining the total power associated with the transmitted signal and the phase rotation associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements.
18. The method of claim 15, wherein:
the calculating of the complex weighting includes:
adjusting the total power of the transmitted signal while maintaining the phase rotation associated with the first PCG and the phase rotation associated with the second PCG and while maintaining the power ratio associated with the first PCG and the power ratio associated with the second PCG.
the calculating of the complex weighting includes:
adjusting the total power of the transmitted signal while maintaining the phase rotation associated with the first PCG and the phase rotation associated with the second PCG and while maintaining the power ratio associated with the first PCG and the power ratio associated with the second PCG.
19. The method of claim 3, wherein:
the quality-indication signal includes a first frame quality indicator according to the CDMA protocol.
the quality-indication signal includes a first frame quality indicator according to the CDMA protocol.
20. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the first communication device is a subscriber communication device; and the second communication device is a basestation.
the first communication device is a subscriber communication device; and the second communication device is a basestation.
21. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the first communication device is a basestation; and the second communication device is a subscriber communication device.
the first communication device is a basestation; and the second communication device is a subscriber communication device.
22. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the communication link is configured according to at least one Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) protocol.
the communication link is configured according to at least one Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) protocol.
23. The method of claim 22, wherein:
the complex weighting is associated with the total power of the transmitted signal and the phase rotation associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna element, but not the power ratio associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements.
the complex weighting is associated with the total power of the transmitted signal and the phase rotation associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna element, but not the power ratio associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements.
24. The method of claim 22, wherein the calculating of the complex weighting includes:
substantially optimizing the total power of the transmitted signal and the phase rotation associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements in parallel while maintaining a power ratio associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements.
substantially optimizing the total power of the transmitted signal and the phase rotation associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements in parallel while maintaining a power ratio associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements.
25. The method of claim 22, wherein:
the calculating of the complex weighting is performed for each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements including:
adjusting the total power of the transmitted signal while maintaining the phase rotation associated with antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements until a steady state is obtained at a first time;
adjusting the phase rotation associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements while maintaining the total power of the transmitted signal to produce an optimal phase rotation for each antenna element; and adjusting the total power of the transmitted signal while maintaining the optimal phase rotation for each antenna element until a second steady state is obtained at a second time subsequent to the first time.
the calculating of the complex weighting is performed for each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements including:
adjusting the total power of the transmitted signal while maintaining the phase rotation associated with antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements until a steady state is obtained at a first time;
adjusting the phase rotation associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements while maintaining the total power of the transmitted signal to produce an optimal phase rotation for each antenna element; and adjusting the total power of the transmitted signal while maintaining the optimal phase rotation for each antenna element until a second steady state is obtained at a second time subsequent to the first time.
26. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the communication link is configured according to at least one frequency division multiple access (FDMA) protocol.
the communication link is configured according to at least one frequency division multiple access (FDMA) protocol.
27. The method of claim 26, wherein:
the complex weighting is associated with the total power of the transmitted signal and the phase rotation associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna element, but not the power ratio associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements.
the complex weighting is associated with the total power of the transmitted signal and the phase rotation associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna element, but not the power ratio associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements.
28. The method of claim 26, wherein the calculating of the complex weighting includes:
substantially optimizing the total power of the transmitted signal and the phase rotation associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements in parallel while maintaining a power ratio associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements.
substantially optimizing the total power of the transmitted signal and the phase rotation associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements in parallel while maintaining a power ratio associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements.
29. The method of claim 26, wherein:
the calculating of the complex weighting is performed for each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements including:
adjusting the total power of the transmitted signal while maintaining the phase rotation associated with antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements until a steady state is obtained at a first time;
adjusting the phase rotation associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements while maintaining the total power of the transmitted signal to produce an optimal phase rotation for each antenna element; and adjusting the total power of the transmitted signal while maintaining the optimal phase rotation for each antenna element until a second steady state is obtained at a second time subsequent to the first time.
the calculating of the complex weighting is performed for each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements including:
adjusting the total power of the transmitted signal while maintaining the phase rotation associated with antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements until a steady state is obtained at a first time;
adjusting the phase rotation associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements while maintaining the total power of the transmitted signal to produce an optimal phase rotation for each antenna element; and adjusting the total power of the transmitted signal while maintaining the optimal phase rotation for each antenna element until a second steady state is obtained at a second time subsequent to the first time.
30. A method for improving system performance of a communication device, comprising:
receiving a quality-indication signal and a pre-transmission signal;
dividing the pre-transmission signal into a first signal component and a second signal component;
adjusting at least one characteristic associated with at least one from the group of the first signal component and the second signal component based on the quality-indication signal, the at least one characteristic being from the group of a power ratio and a phase rotation; and combining the first signal component and the second signal component to produce a transmit signal component uniquely associated with an antenna element from a plurality of antenna elements, the transmit signal component for each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements being a low-correlation version of the pre-transmission signal.
receiving a quality-indication signal and a pre-transmission signal;
dividing the pre-transmission signal into a first signal component and a second signal component;
adjusting at least one characteristic associated with at least one from the group of the first signal component and the second signal component based on the quality-indication signal, the at least one characteristic being from the group of a power ratio and a phase rotation; and combining the first signal component and the second signal component to produce a transmit signal component uniquely associated with an antenna element from a plurality of antenna elements, the transmit signal component for each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements being a low-correlation version of the pre-transmission signal.
31. The method of claim 30, wherein:
the quality-indication signal is a CDMA power-control signal, the power-control signal having an increase indication, a decrease indication or a steady-state indication for each time period;
the adjusting the phase rotation for each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements includes:
changing the phase rotation associated with the first signal component until a power-control signal has the increase indication for a second time period subsequent to a first time period.
the quality-indication signal is a CDMA power-control signal, the power-control signal having an increase indication, a decrease indication or a steady-state indication for each time period;
the adjusting the phase rotation for each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements includes:
changing the phase rotation associated with the first signal component until a power-control signal has the increase indication for a second time period subsequent to a first time period.
32. The method of claim 31, wherein:
the adjusting the power ratio for each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements, includes:
measuring, for each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements, the power ratio associated with the transmit signal component associated with that antenna element when the remaining antenna elements from the plurality of antenna elements are disabled;
recording a power ratio associated with each antenna element relative to the remaining antenna elements from the plurality of antenna elements; and adjusting the power ratio associated with at least one from the group of the first signal component and the second signal component for each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements so that the power ratio associated with each antenna element is substantially maintained.
the adjusting the power ratio for each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements, includes:
measuring, for each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements, the power ratio associated with the transmit signal component associated with that antenna element when the remaining antenna elements from the plurality of antenna elements are disabled;
recording a power ratio associated with each antenna element relative to the remaining antenna elements from the plurality of antenna elements; and adjusting the power ratio associated with at least one from the group of the first signal component and the second signal component for each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements so that the power ratio associated with each antenna element is substantially maintained.
33. The method of claim 32, wherein the adjusting the power is performed subsequent to the adjusting the phase.
34. A first communication device having a plurality of antenna elements, comprising:
a control-logic component, the control-logic component receiving a quality-indication signal and producing a plurality of complex weights; and a plurality of circuits coupled to the control-logic component, each circuit from the plurality of circuits being uniquely associated with an antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements, each circuit from the plurality of circuits producing a modified-pre-transmission signal based on the plurality of complex weights, the plurality of complex weights being associated with a total power of a transmitted signal and at least one from a phase rotation and a power ratio associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements.
a control-logic component, the control-logic component receiving a quality-indication signal and producing a plurality of complex weights; and a plurality of circuits coupled to the control-logic component, each circuit from the plurality of circuits being uniquely associated with an antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements, each circuit from the plurality of circuits producing a modified-pre-transmission signal based on the plurality of complex weights, the plurality of complex weights being associated with a total power of a transmitted signal and at least one from a phase rotation and a power ratio associated with each antenna element from the plurality of antenna elements.
35. The apparatus of claim 34, wherein:
each circuit from the plurality of circuits has:
a filter, the filter configured to receive a pre-transmission signal and produce a first pre-transmission signal component and a second pre-transmission signal component;
a first signal adjuster coupled to the filter, the first signal adjuster configured to receive the first pre-transmission signal component and a complex weight from the plurality of complex weights, the first signal adjuster configured to send a modified-pre-transmission signal based on the complex weight for the first signal adjuster; and a second signal adjuster coupled to the filter, the second signal adjuster configured to receive the second signal component and a complex-weight signal from the plurality of complex-weight signals, the second signal adjuster configured to send a modified-pre-transmission signal based on the complex weight for the second signal adjuster.
each circuit from the plurality of circuits has:
a filter, the filter configured to receive a pre-transmission signal and produce a first pre-transmission signal component and a second pre-transmission signal component;
a first signal adjuster coupled to the filter, the first signal adjuster configured to receive the first pre-transmission signal component and a complex weight from the plurality of complex weights, the first signal adjuster configured to send a modified-pre-transmission signal based on the complex weight for the first signal adjuster; and a second signal adjuster coupled to the filter, the second signal adjuster configured to receive the second signal component and a complex-weight signal from the plurality of complex-weight signals, the second signal adjuster configured to send a modified-pre-transmission signal based on the complex weight for the second signal adjuster.
36. The apparatus of claim 35, wherein:
the first signal adjuster is configured to modify at least one characteristic associated with the first pre-transmission signal component based on the complex weight received by the first signal adjuster, the at least one characteristic being from the group of a power and a phase rotation; and the second signal adjuster is configured to modify at least one characteristic associated with the second pre-transmission signal component based on the complex weight received by the second signal adjuster, the at least one characteristic being from the group of a power and a phase rotation.
the first signal adjuster is configured to modify at least one characteristic associated with the first pre-transmission signal component based on the complex weight received by the first signal adjuster, the at least one characteristic being from the group of a power and a phase rotation; and the second signal adjuster is configured to modify at least one characteristic associated with the second pre-transmission signal component based on the complex weight received by the second signal adjuster, the at least one characteristic being from the group of a power and a phase rotation.
37. The apparatus of claim 36, further comprising:
a plurality of antenna elements coupled to the plurality of circuits, the plurality of antenna elements being configured to send the plurality of modified-pre-transmission signals to produce a transmitted signal, the transmitted signal being configured to have an optimized power when received by a second communication device.
a plurality of antenna elements coupled to the plurality of circuits, the plurality of antenna elements being configured to send the plurality of modified-pre-transmission signals to produce a transmitted signal, the transmitted signal being configured to have an optimized power when received by a second communication device.
38. The apparatus of claim 34, wherein:
the total power of the transmitted signal is substantially optimized with respect to a fading associated with a channel between the first communication device and a second communication device.
the total power of the transmitted signal is substantially optimized with respect to a fading associated with a channel between the first communication device and a second communication device.
39. The apparatus of claim 32, wherein:
the transmitted signal is sent by the first communication device based on at least one code-division multiple access (CDMA) protocol.
the transmitted signal is sent by the first communication device based on at least one code-division multiple access (CDMA) protocol.
40. The apparatus of claim 37, wherein:
each circuit from the plurality of circuits further includes:
an analog-to-digital converter coupled to the filter; and a digital-to-analog converter coupled to the first signal adjuster and the second signal adjuster;
the first signal component produced by the filter is an in-phase pre-transmission signal; and the second signal component produced by the filter is a quadrature pre-transmission signal.
each circuit from the plurality of circuits further includes:
an analog-to-digital converter coupled to the filter; and a digital-to-analog converter coupled to the first signal adjuster and the second signal adjuster;
the first signal component produced by the filter is an in-phase pre-transmission signal; and the second signal component produced by the filter is a quadrature pre-transmission signal.
41. The apparatus of claim 37, wherein:
the transmitted signal is sent by the first communication device based on at least one time-division multiple access (TDMA) protocol.
the transmitted signal is sent by the first communication device based on at least one time-division multiple access (TDMA) protocol.
42. The apparatus of claim 37, wherein:
the transmitted signal is sent by the first communication device based on at least one frequency-division multiple access (FDMA) protocol.
the transmitted signal is sent by the first communication device based on at least one frequency-division multiple access (FDMA) protocol.
43. A first communication device, comprising:
a baseband system, the baseband system configured to send a pre-transmission signal;
a quality-indication based signal modifier coupled to the baseband system, the quality-indication based signal modifier configured to modify a characteristic of the pre-transmission signal based on a quality-indication signal to produce a plurality of modified- pre-transmission signal; and a plurality of antenna elements coupled to the quality-indication based signal modifier, each modified-pre-transmission signal from the plurality modified-pre-transmission signals being uniquely associated with an antenna element from the plurality antenna elements, each modified-pre-transmission signal from the plurality of modified-pre-transmission signal being a low-correlation version of the pre-transmission signal.
a baseband system, the baseband system configured to send a pre-transmission signal;
a quality-indication based signal modifier coupled to the baseband system, the quality-indication based signal modifier configured to modify a characteristic of the pre-transmission signal based on a quality-indication signal to produce a plurality of modified- pre-transmission signal; and a plurality of antenna elements coupled to the quality-indication based signal modifier, each modified-pre-transmission signal from the plurality modified-pre-transmission signals being uniquely associated with an antenna element from the plurality antenna elements, each modified-pre-transmission signal from the plurality of modified-pre-transmission signal being a low-correlation version of the pre-transmission signal.
44. The first communication device of claim 43, wherein the quality-indication based signal modifier includes a vector modulator, the vector modulator including a filter, a first signal adjuster and a second signal adjuster, the filter configured to split the pre-transmission signal into a first signal component and a second signal component, the first signal adjuster configured to adjust the first signal component based on a complex weight associated with the quality-indication signal, the second signal adjuster configured to adjust the second signal component based on a complex weight associated with the quality-indication signal.
45. The first communication device of claim 43, wherein:
the plurality of antenna elements are configured to send the plurality of modified-pre-transmission signal to produce a transmitted signal, the transmitted signal being configured to have an optimized power when received by a second communication device.
the plurality of antenna elements are configured to send the plurality of modified-pre-transmission signal to produce a transmitted signal, the transmitted signal being configured to have an optimized power when received by a second communication device.
46. The first communication device of claim 43, wherein:
the power of the transmitted signal is optimized with respect to a fading associated with a channel between the first communication device and a second communication device.
the power of the transmitted signal is optimized with respect to a fading associated with a channel between the first communication device and a second communication device.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US29429001P | 2001-05-31 | 2001-05-31 | |
US60/294,290 | 2001-05-31 | ||
PCT/US2002/014437 WO2002099999A1 (en) | 2001-05-31 | 2002-05-09 | Communication device with smart antenna using a quality-indication signal |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA2447777A1 true CA2447777A1 (en) | 2002-12-12 |
Family
ID=23132758
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA002447777A Abandoned CA2447777A1 (en) | 2001-05-31 | 2002-05-09 | Communication device with smart antenna using a quality-indication signal |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US7321636B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1391059B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4328200B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100627196B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1545770B (en) |
AT (1) | ATE421807T1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR0210131A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2447777A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE60230981D1 (en) |
IL (2) | IL158986A0 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002099999A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (98)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7428423B2 (en) * | 2001-07-16 | 2008-09-23 | Motorola, Inc. | Communication system with controlled talk around mode |
US7010313B2 (en) * | 2001-07-16 | 2006-03-07 | Motorola, Inc. | Communication system with controlled talk around mode |
US8811917B2 (en) | 2002-05-01 | 2014-08-19 | Dali Systems Co. Ltd. | Digital hybrid mode power amplifier system |
US6985704B2 (en) | 2002-05-01 | 2006-01-10 | Dali Yang | System and method for digital memorized predistortion for wireless communication |
US8064850B2 (en) * | 2002-05-01 | 2011-11-22 | Dali Systems Co., Ltd. | High efficiency linearization power amplifier for wireless communication |
US8380143B2 (en) | 2002-05-01 | 2013-02-19 | Dali Systems Co. Ltd | Power amplifier time-delay invariant predistortion methods and apparatus |
US8472897B1 (en) | 2006-12-22 | 2013-06-25 | Dali Systems Co. Ltd. | Power amplifier predistortion methods and apparatus |
KR100617843B1 (en) * | 2003-07-26 | 2006-08-28 | 삼성전자주식회사 | System and method for transmitting/receiving signal in mobile communication system using adaptive antenna array scheme |
KR100981571B1 (en) * | 2003-07-26 | 2010-09-10 | 삼성전자주식회사 | System and method for transmitting/receiving signal in mobile communication system using multiple input multiple output adaptive antenna array scheme |
US7149483B1 (en) * | 2003-10-28 | 2006-12-12 | Magnolia Broadband Inc. | Amplifying diversity signals using power amplifiers |
JP4489505B2 (en) * | 2004-05-12 | 2010-06-23 | 株式会社エヌ・ティ・ティ・ドコモ | Weight determination device and weight determination method |
JP2006005525A (en) | 2004-06-16 | 2006-01-05 | Nec Corp | Transmission apparatus |
CN100392638C (en) * | 2004-09-08 | 2008-06-04 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Fixed-point composite signal modulus value normalization |
US7660598B2 (en) * | 2004-12-21 | 2010-02-09 | Qualcomm, Incorporated | Transmit power reduction for a wireless device with multiple transmit signal paths |
GB0506082D0 (en) * | 2005-03-24 | 2005-05-04 | Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv | Communication system, apparatus, and method of operating a communication system |
US7616930B2 (en) | 2005-05-24 | 2009-11-10 | Magnolia Broadband Inc. | Determining a phase adjustment in accordance with power trends |
US20060267983A1 (en) * | 2005-05-24 | 2006-11-30 | Magnolia Broadband Inc. | Modifying a signal by adjusting the phase and amplitude of the signal |
US7783267B1 (en) * | 2005-06-23 | 2010-08-24 | Magnolia Broadband Inc. | Modifying a signal in response to quality indicator availability |
US7542736B2 (en) * | 2005-07-26 | 2009-06-02 | M/A-Com, Inc. | Techniques to decrease signal amplitude peak-to-average ratio in a wireless communications system |
CN101268632B (en) * | 2005-09-08 | 2011-11-09 | 华为技术有限公司 | Estimation method for direction of arrival and means thereof |
US7835702B1 (en) | 2005-09-15 | 2010-11-16 | Magnolia Broadband Inc. | Calculating a diversity parameter adjustment according to previously applied diversity parameter adjustments |
US8666445B2 (en) | 2005-10-25 | 2014-03-04 | Kyocera Corporation | Apparatus, system, and method for transmission antenna switching in a portable communication device |
WO2007056137A2 (en) * | 2005-11-03 | 2007-05-18 | Magnolia Broadband Inc. | Amplifying a transmit signal using a fractional power amplifier |
US7965987B2 (en) * | 2005-11-03 | 2011-06-21 | Magnolia Broadband Inc. | Amplifying a transmit signal using a fractional power amplifier |
US7729714B2 (en) | 2005-12-20 | 2010-06-01 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Method and apparatus for reverse link transmit beam-forming |
US8064835B2 (en) * | 2006-01-11 | 2011-11-22 | Quantenna Communications, Inc. | Antenna assignment system and method |
US8091012B2 (en) | 2006-05-04 | 2012-01-03 | Quantenna Communications Inc. | System and method for decreasing decoder complexity |
US8090060B2 (en) * | 2006-05-04 | 2012-01-03 | Quantenna Communications, Inc. | Demodulation technique for GFSK and DPSK |
US8063839B2 (en) * | 2006-10-17 | 2011-11-22 | Quantenna Communications, Inc. | Tunable antenna system |
US7949069B2 (en) * | 2006-10-26 | 2011-05-24 | Magnolia Broadband Inc. | Method, system and apparatus for applying hybrid ARQ to the control of transmit diversity |
US8150441B2 (en) * | 2006-11-06 | 2012-04-03 | Magnolia Broadband Inc. | Modifying a signal by controlling transmit diversity parameters |
US8670504B2 (en) * | 2006-12-19 | 2014-03-11 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Beamspace-time coding based on channel quality feedback |
US9026067B2 (en) * | 2007-04-23 | 2015-05-05 | Dali Systems Co. Ltd. | Remotely reconfigurable power amplifier system and method |
EP3790244A1 (en) * | 2006-12-26 | 2021-03-10 | Dali Systems Co. Ltd. | Method and system for baseband predistortion linearization in multi-channel wideband communication systems |
US7663545B2 (en) * | 2006-12-26 | 2010-02-16 | Magnolia Broadband Inc. | Method, system and apparatus for determining antenna weighting for transmit diversity |
US8027374B2 (en) * | 2006-12-27 | 2011-09-27 | Magnolia Broadband Inc. | Method, system and apparatus for transmit diversity control |
US20080160990A1 (en) * | 2006-12-29 | 2008-07-03 | Yair Karmi | System, method and apparatus for identification of power control using reverse rate indication |
US20080227414A1 (en) * | 2007-03-01 | 2008-09-18 | Yair Karmi | System, method and apparatus for transmit diversity control based on variations in propagation path |
US8032091B2 (en) * | 2007-03-14 | 2011-10-04 | Magnolia Broadband Inc. | Method, apparatus and system for providing transmit diversity feedback during soft handoff |
WO2008113022A1 (en) * | 2007-03-14 | 2008-09-18 | Magnolia Broadband Inc. | Method, apparatus and system for providing transmit diversity feedback |
US8750811B2 (en) * | 2007-03-14 | 2014-06-10 | Google Inc. | Method, apparatus and system for phase difference adjustment in transmit diversity |
US8699968B2 (en) | 2007-03-14 | 2014-04-15 | Google Inc. | Using multiple and a single feedback for UE uplink beamforming in soft handoff |
US8046017B2 (en) * | 2007-03-15 | 2011-10-25 | Magnolia Broadband Inc. | Method and apparatus for random access channel probe initialization using transmit diversity |
WO2008113038A1 (en) * | 2007-03-15 | 2008-09-18 | Magnolia Broadband Inc. | Method of controlling a transmit diversity device |
US8036603B2 (en) | 2007-03-15 | 2011-10-11 | Magnolia Broadband Inc. | Method, apparatus and system for providing feedback to a transmit diversity device |
US8274332B2 (en) | 2007-04-23 | 2012-09-25 | Dali Systems Co. Ltd. | N-way Doherty distributed power amplifier with power tracking |
JP5474764B2 (en) * | 2007-04-23 | 2014-04-16 | ダリ システムズ カンパニー リミテッド | N-way distributed power amplifier |
WO2009029520A1 (en) * | 2007-08-27 | 2009-03-05 | Rambus Inc. | Antenna array with flexible interconnect for a mobile wireless device |
US8224266B2 (en) * | 2007-08-30 | 2012-07-17 | Dali Systems Co., Ltd. | Power amplifier predistortion methods and apparatus using envelope and phase detector |
WO2009054938A1 (en) * | 2007-10-19 | 2009-04-30 | Quantenna Communications, Inc. | Mitigating interference in a coded communication system |
WO2009109808A2 (en) | 2007-12-07 | 2009-09-11 | Dali Systems Co. Ltd. | Baseband-derived rf digital predistortion |
US8532211B2 (en) * | 2009-02-20 | 2013-09-10 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Methods and apparatus for power control based antenna switching |
KR101521881B1 (en) * | 2009-04-24 | 2015-05-21 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Apparatus and method for compensating phase error in wireless communication system |
WO2011000420A1 (en) * | 2009-07-01 | 2011-01-06 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) | Adjusting channel quality report in a wireless communication network |
GB2472013B (en) * | 2009-07-20 | 2015-04-29 | Nvidia Technology Uk Ltd | Adaptive transmission |
US8185146B2 (en) * | 2009-07-24 | 2012-05-22 | Clearwire Ip Holdings Llc | Quality of service based downlink power allocation |
US8462741B2 (en) * | 2009-08-04 | 2013-06-11 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Uplink power control for multiple transmit antennas |
EP3249842B1 (en) * | 2009-08-21 | 2018-11-14 | BlackBerry Limited | Transmission of information in a wireless communication system |
US9059749B2 (en) | 2009-10-02 | 2015-06-16 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Antenna port mode and transmission mode transitions |
US8768397B2 (en) * | 2009-10-02 | 2014-07-01 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Transmission power control on a wireless communication device for a plurality of regulated bands or component carriers |
CN102714529B (en) | 2009-10-12 | 2015-06-03 | 瑞典爱立信有限公司 | Method and apparatus for uplink multi-carrier transmit diversity |
TWI466457B (en) * | 2009-10-26 | 2014-12-21 | Acer Inc | Wireless transmission interface for video transmission and power control method |
WO2011053220A1 (en) * | 2009-10-30 | 2011-05-05 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) | Method and apparatus for supporting uplink transmit diversity |
US9814003B2 (en) | 2009-11-06 | 2017-11-07 | Blackberry Limited | Transmission of information in a wireless communication system |
HUE043454T2 (en) * | 2009-11-06 | 2019-08-28 | Blackberry Ltd | Transmission of information in a wireless communication system |
MY171275A (en) | 2010-04-09 | 2019-10-07 | Interdigital Patent Holdings Inc | Method and apparatus for power control for closed loop transmit diversity and mimo in uplink |
US8614644B2 (en) | 2010-04-22 | 2013-12-24 | The Aerospace Corporation | Systems and methods for protecting a receiving antenna from interference by a transmitting antenna |
CN103210696B (en) | 2010-05-26 | 2016-06-08 | 谷歌公司 | Initialized method and apparatus is detected for using transmitting diversity to carry out RACH |
CN105208083B (en) | 2010-09-14 | 2018-09-21 | 大力系统有限公司 | System for sending signal and distributing antenna system |
US9167535B2 (en) * | 2010-10-28 | 2015-10-20 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) | Method and apparatus for uplink transmit power adjustment |
TWI422181B (en) * | 2010-12-07 | 2014-01-01 | Ralink Technology Corp | Antenna selection method and device |
US9294165B2 (en) | 2011-04-19 | 2016-03-22 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Corporation Of America | Signal generating method and signal generating device |
US8891681B2 (en) * | 2012-03-20 | 2014-11-18 | Intel Mobile Communications GmbH | Transmitters and methods |
WO2013159100A1 (en) * | 2012-04-20 | 2013-10-24 | Wispry, Inc. | Method for sensing and calibrating antenna tuner device performance in cellular handset |
US8306479B1 (en) * | 2012-07-06 | 2012-11-06 | Metropcs Wireless, Inc. | Polarization control for cell telecommunication system |
EP2959601B1 (en) | 2013-02-22 | 2018-05-02 | Ossia, Inc. | Method and apparatus for focused data communications |
US10720704B2 (en) * | 2015-09-17 | 2020-07-21 | Gilat Satellite Networks Ltd. | Mobile antenna tracking |
KR101940698B1 (en) * | 2017-05-22 | 2019-01-21 | 에스케이텔레콤 주식회사 | Dynamic multiplexing device and dynamic multiplexing control method |
US10225760B1 (en) | 2018-03-19 | 2019-03-05 | Pivotal Commware, Inc. | Employing correlation measurements to remotely evaluate beam forming antennas |
KR102640129B1 (en) | 2018-03-19 | 2024-02-22 | 피보탈 컴웨어 인코포레이티드 | Communication of wireless signals through physical barriers |
DE102018002661A1 (en) * | 2018-03-31 | 2019-10-02 | Heinz Lindenmeier | Antenna device for bidirectional communication on vehicles |
US11252581B2 (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2022-02-15 | Redline Communications Inc. | Bi-directional high power user equipment |
US10862545B2 (en) | 2018-07-30 | 2020-12-08 | Pivotal Commware, Inc. | Distributed antenna networks for wireless communication by wireless devices |
US10326203B1 (en) | 2018-09-19 | 2019-06-18 | Pivotal Commware, Inc. | Surface scattering antenna systems with reflector or lens |
US10522897B1 (en) | 2019-02-05 | 2019-12-31 | Pivotal Commware, Inc. | Thermal compensation for a holographic beam forming antenna |
US10468767B1 (en) | 2019-02-20 | 2019-11-05 | Pivotal Commware, Inc. | Switchable patch antenna |
US10734736B1 (en) | 2020-01-03 | 2020-08-04 | Pivotal Commware, Inc. | Dual polarization patch antenna system |
US11069975B1 (en) | 2020-04-13 | 2021-07-20 | Pivotal Commware, Inc. | Aimable beam antenna system |
WO2021242996A1 (en) | 2020-05-27 | 2021-12-02 | Pivotal Commware, Inc. | Rf signal repeater device management for 5g wireless networks |
US11026055B1 (en) | 2020-08-03 | 2021-06-01 | Pivotal Commware, Inc. | Wireless communication network management for user devices based on real time mapping |
US11297606B2 (en) | 2020-09-08 | 2022-04-05 | Pivotal Commware, Inc. | Installation and activation of RF communication devices for wireless networks |
CA3208262A1 (en) | 2021-01-15 | 2022-07-21 | Pivotal Commware, Inc. | Installation of repeaters for a millimeter wave communications network |
AU2022212950A1 (en) | 2021-01-26 | 2023-09-07 | Pivotal Commware, Inc. | Smart repeater systems |
US11451287B1 (en) | 2021-03-16 | 2022-09-20 | Pivotal Commware, Inc. | Multipath filtering for wireless RF signals |
KR20240041939A (en) | 2021-07-07 | 2024-04-01 | 피보탈 컴웨어 인코포레이티드 | Multipath repeater systems |
CN113411411B (en) * | 2021-08-19 | 2021-11-09 | 三维通信股份有限公司 | Equipment networking method, system, electronic device and storage medium |
US11937199B2 (en) | 2022-04-18 | 2024-03-19 | Pivotal Commware, Inc. | Time-division-duplex repeaters with global navigation satellite system timing recovery |
CN116320810B (en) * | 2023-03-05 | 2023-09-15 | 比塔(上海)数据科技有限公司 | Movable mobile base station based on LaRa transmission technology |
Family Cites Families (88)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5109390A (en) | 1989-11-07 | 1992-04-28 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Diversity receiver in a cdma cellular telephone system |
JPH04328860A (en) * | 1991-04-30 | 1992-11-17 | Hitachi Ltd | Semiconductor integrated circuit device and manufacture thereof |
US5515378A (en) | 1991-12-12 | 1996-05-07 | Arraycomm, Inc. | Spatial division multiple access wireless communication systems |
JP3085497B2 (en) * | 1993-05-25 | 2000-09-11 | キヤノン株式会社 | Pyran derivative, photosensitizer, photosensitive resin composition and hologram recording medium using this composition |
US5437055A (en) | 1993-06-03 | 1995-07-25 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Antenna system for multipath diversity in an indoor microcellular communication system |
AU7277394A (en) | 1993-07-29 | 1995-02-28 | Industrial Research Limited | A composite antenna for hand held or portable communications |
JP2980156B2 (en) * | 1994-05-12 | 1999-11-22 | エヌ・ティ・ティ移動通信網株式会社 | Transmission power control method and spread spectrum communication apparatus using the control method |
US6137840A (en) | 1995-03-31 | 2000-10-24 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Method and apparatus for performing fast power control in a mobile communication system |
TW347616B (en) | 1995-03-31 | 1998-12-11 | Qualcomm Inc | Method and apparatus for performing fast power control in a mobile communication system a method and apparatus for controlling transmission power in a mobile communication system is disclosed. |
KR0155818B1 (en) | 1995-04-29 | 1998-11-16 | 김광호 | Power distribution method and apparatus in multi-carrier transmitting system |
JP2785812B2 (en) | 1995-07-19 | 1998-08-13 | 日本電気株式会社 | FDD / CDMA transmission / reception system |
EP0870370A1 (en) | 1995-12-28 | 1998-10-14 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Method and apparatus for providing antenna diversity in a portable radiotelephone |
US5782037A (en) * | 1996-02-01 | 1998-07-21 | Davlantes; George N. | Pet door having a security cover |
US5960039A (en) | 1996-04-10 | 1999-09-28 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Methods and apparatus for high data rate transmission in narrowband mobile radio channels |
DE69705356T2 (en) * | 1996-05-17 | 2002-05-02 | Motorola Ltd | Method and device for weighting a transmission path |
US5816557A (en) * | 1996-07-26 | 1998-10-06 | Tepper; John E. | Object hanger bracket for omni placement on dry-wall |
US5832044A (en) * | 1996-09-27 | 1998-11-03 | Elvino S. Sousa | Transmitter antenna diversity and fading-resistant modulation for wireless communication systems |
EP0845877A3 (en) | 1996-11-28 | 2002-03-27 | Oki Electric Industry Co., Ltd. | Mobile communication system for accomplishing handover with phase difference of frame sync signals corrected |
US5781845A (en) * | 1996-12-03 | 1998-07-14 | The Aerospace Corporation | Adaptive transmitting antenna |
JP3746580B2 (en) | 1996-12-09 | 2006-02-15 | 株式会社アドバンテスト | Method for measuring waveform quality of CDMA signal |
US6359923B1 (en) | 1997-12-18 | 2002-03-19 | At&T Wireless Services, Inc. | Highly bandwidth efficient communications |
JP3375139B2 (en) * | 1997-06-03 | 2003-02-10 | 株式会社エヌ・ティ・ティ・ドコモ | Adaptive array transceiver |
US6167286A (en) | 1997-06-05 | 2000-12-26 | Nortel Networks Corporation | Multi-beam antenna system for cellular radio base stations |
US5867478A (en) | 1997-06-20 | 1999-02-02 | Motorola, Inc. | Synchronous coherent orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system, method, software and device |
US5991330A (en) | 1997-06-27 | 1999-11-23 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Pub1) | Mobile Station synchronization within a spread spectrum communication systems |
IT1293447B1 (en) | 1997-07-14 | 1999-03-01 | Cselt Centro Studi Lab Telecom | PROCEDURE AND SYSTEM FOR RECEPTION OF DIGITAL SIGNALS |
US6195342B1 (en) | 1997-11-25 | 2001-02-27 | Motorola, Inc. | Method for determining hand-off candidates in a neighbor set in a CDMA communication system |
US6185440B1 (en) | 1997-12-10 | 2001-02-06 | Arraycomm, Inc. | Method for sequentially transmitting a downlink signal from a communication station that has an antenna array to achieve an omnidirectional radiation |
US6167039A (en) | 1997-12-17 | 2000-12-26 | Telefonaktiebolget Lm Ericsson | Mobile station having plural antenna elements and interference suppression |
US5982327A (en) | 1998-01-12 | 1999-11-09 | Motorola, Inc. | Adaptive array method, device, base station and subscriber unit |
WO1999037111A1 (en) * | 1998-01-16 | 1999-07-22 | Ntt Mobile Communications Network Inc. | Transmission power control method, mobile phone, base station, and recording medium |
JP3233088B2 (en) | 1998-01-22 | 2001-11-26 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | Directivity control antenna device |
US6236363B1 (en) | 1998-01-30 | 2001-05-22 | Micronetics Wireless | Smart antenna channel simulator and test system |
JP3266091B2 (en) | 1998-03-04 | 2002-03-18 | 日本電気株式会社 | Cellular system |
WO1999049595A1 (en) * | 1998-03-23 | 1999-09-30 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Power control device and method for controlling a reverse link common channel in a cdma communication system |
GB2337414A (en) * | 1998-05-14 | 1999-11-17 | Fujitsu Ltd | Soft handoff in cellular communications networks |
EP0986193A1 (en) | 1998-08-14 | 2000-03-15 | Ascom Systec AG | Method and circuit arrangement for compensating errors during adjustment of combining coefficients of a diversity circuit |
US6310869B1 (en) | 1998-08-31 | 2001-10-30 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Method and apparatus for reducing amplitude variations and interference in communication signals, such as in wireless communication signals employing inserted pilot symbols |
US6226509B1 (en) * | 1998-09-15 | 2001-05-01 | Nortel Networks Limited | Image reject mixer, circuit, and method for image rejection |
US6100843A (en) | 1998-09-21 | 2000-08-08 | Tantivy Communications Inc. | Adaptive antenna for use in same frequency networks |
US6400317B2 (en) | 1998-09-21 | 2002-06-04 | Tantivy Communications, Inc. | Method and apparatus for antenna control in a communications network |
US6600456B2 (en) | 1998-09-21 | 2003-07-29 | Tantivy Communications, Inc. | Adaptive antenna for use in wireless communication systems |
US6473036B2 (en) | 1998-09-21 | 2002-10-29 | Tantivy Communications, Inc. | Method and apparatus for adapting antenna array to reduce adaptation time while increasing array performance |
US6704370B1 (en) | 1998-10-09 | 2004-03-09 | Nortel Networks Limited | Interleaving methodology and apparatus for CDMA |
US6400780B1 (en) * | 1998-11-06 | 2002-06-04 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Space-time diversity for wireless systems |
FI108588B (en) | 1998-12-15 | 2002-02-15 | Nokia Corp | Method and radio system for transmitting a digital signal |
US6266528B1 (en) | 1998-12-23 | 2001-07-24 | Arraycomm, Inc. | Performance monitor for antenna arrays |
US6317411B1 (en) * | 1999-02-22 | 2001-11-13 | Motorola, Inc. | Method and system for transmitting and receiving signals transmitted from an antenna array with transmit diversity techniques |
US6594473B1 (en) * | 1999-05-28 | 2003-07-15 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Wireless system with transmitter having multiple transmit antennas and combining open loop and closed loop transmit diversities |
US6141567A (en) | 1999-06-07 | 2000-10-31 | Arraycomm, Inc. | Apparatus and method for beamforming in a changing-interference environment |
EP1192737B1 (en) | 1999-06-18 | 2006-02-08 | Nokia Corporation | Diversity transmission method and system |
DE69901605T2 (en) * | 1999-06-24 | 2002-10-31 | Alcatel Sa | Diversity transmission in a mobile radio system |
US6782037B1 (en) | 1999-07-27 | 2004-08-24 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Demodulation method for receiver |
GB2353437A (en) * | 1999-08-17 | 2001-02-21 | Fujitsu Ltd | Diversity transmission means with phase adjustment depending upon a feedback signal supplied to the transmitter by the receiver |
US6236839B1 (en) | 1999-09-10 | 2001-05-22 | Utstarcom, Inc. | Method and apparatus for calibrating a smart antenna array |
US6392988B1 (en) | 1999-09-13 | 2002-05-21 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Transmitter architecture employing space time spreading and orthogonal transmit diversity techniques |
US6307506B1 (en) | 1999-10-18 | 2001-10-23 | Acorn Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for enhancing the directional transmission and reception of information |
US6492942B1 (en) | 1999-11-09 | 2002-12-10 | Com Dev International, Inc. | Content-based adaptive parasitic array antenna system |
WO2001037443A1 (en) * | 1999-11-16 | 2001-05-25 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd | Power controlling apparatus and method in mobile communication system |
DE60043909D1 (en) | 1999-12-15 | 2010-04-08 | Nippon Telegraph & Telephone | Adaptive array antenna transceiver |
US6351499B1 (en) | 1999-12-15 | 2002-02-26 | Iospan Wireless, Inc. | Method and wireless systems using multiple antennas and adaptive control for maximizing a communication parameter |
DE10009150A1 (en) | 2000-02-26 | 2001-08-30 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Data transmission method and system |
DE60029012T2 (en) | 2000-03-15 | 2006-12-07 | Nokia Corp. | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR SENDING DIVERSITY |
US6362781B1 (en) | 2000-06-30 | 2002-03-26 | Motorola, Inc. | Method and device for adaptive antenna combining weights |
US7233810B2 (en) | 2000-08-03 | 2007-06-19 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Dynamically reconfigurable universal transmitter system |
US6859643B1 (en) | 2000-08-04 | 2005-02-22 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Power amplifier sharing in a wireless communication system with amplifier pre-distortion |
US6369758B1 (en) * | 2000-11-01 | 2002-04-09 | Unique Broadband Systems, Inc. | Adaptive antenna array for mobile communication |
ATE468723T1 (en) | 2000-11-03 | 2010-06-15 | Sony Deutschland Gmbh | TRANSMIT POWER CONTROL FOR OFDM COMMUNICATION CONNECTIONS |
US7054662B2 (en) * | 2001-01-24 | 2006-05-30 | Qualcomm, Inc. | Method and system for forward link beam forming in wireless communications |
US7151740B2 (en) | 2001-02-28 | 2006-12-19 | Cingular Wireless Ii, Llc | Transmit power control for an OFDM-based wireless communication system |
US6748024B2 (en) * | 2001-03-28 | 2004-06-08 | Nokia Corporation | Non-zero complex weighted space-time code for multiple antenna transmission |
EP1255369A1 (en) | 2001-05-04 | 2002-11-06 | TELEFONAKTIEBOLAGET LM ERICSSON (publ) | Link adaptation for wireless MIMO transmission schemes |
US7072413B2 (en) | 2001-05-17 | 2006-07-04 | Qualcomm, Incorporated | Method and apparatus for processing data for transmission in a multi-channel communication system using selective channel inversion |
DE10132492A1 (en) | 2001-07-03 | 2003-01-23 | Hertz Inst Heinrich | Adaptive signal processing method for bidirectional radio transmission in a MIMO channel and MIMO system for performing the method |
US6920314B2 (en) | 2001-07-30 | 2005-07-19 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Symmetric sweep phase sweep transmit diversity |
US6980778B2 (en) | 2001-07-30 | 2005-12-27 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Split shift phase sweep transmit diversity |
DE60134641D1 (en) | 2001-08-13 | 2008-08-14 | Motorola Inc | Wireless communication with broadcasting diversity |
KR100878808B1 (en) | 2002-02-18 | 2009-01-14 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Method for decision power control rate |
JP3913575B2 (en) | 2002-02-28 | 2007-05-09 | 三洋電機株式会社 | Wireless device, wireless communication system, space path control method, and space path control program |
KR100913883B1 (en) | 2002-04-19 | 2009-08-26 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Apparatus and method for calibrating and compensating output signal distortion of smart antenna |
US6745009B2 (en) | 2002-05-15 | 2004-06-01 | Nokia Corporation | Apparatus, and associated method, for facilitating antenna weight selection utilizing deterministic perturbation gradient approximation |
JP4184164B2 (en) | 2002-08-09 | 2008-11-19 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | Array antenna device |
US7031669B2 (en) | 2002-09-10 | 2006-04-18 | Cognio, Inc. | Techniques for correcting for phase and amplitude offsets in a MIMO radio device |
US7412212B2 (en) | 2002-10-07 | 2008-08-12 | Nokia Corporation | Communication system |
CN1278505C (en) | 2002-11-11 | 2006-10-04 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method for realizing function of closed loop emitting diversity in dedicated channel |
US6882228B2 (en) | 2003-09-08 | 2005-04-19 | Broadcom Corp. | Radio frequency integrated circuit having an antenna diversity structure |
US20050059355A1 (en) | 2003-09-17 | 2005-03-17 | Accton Technology Corporation | System and method for multi-path simulation |
SE0400370D0 (en) | 2004-02-13 | 2004-02-13 | Ericsson Telefon Ab L M | Adaptive MIMO architecture |
-
2002
- 2002-05-09 EP EP02725954A patent/EP1391059B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-05-09 JP JP2003501851A patent/JP4328200B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-05-09 KR KR1020037015641A patent/KR100627196B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2002-05-09 IL IL15898602A patent/IL158986A0/en unknown
- 2002-05-09 US US10/141,342 patent/US7321636B2/en active Active
- 2002-05-09 BR BR0210131-9A patent/BR0210131A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-05-09 CA CA002447777A patent/CA2447777A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-05-09 AT AT02725954T patent/ATE421807T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-05-09 WO PCT/US2002/014437 patent/WO2002099999A1/en active Application Filing
- 2002-05-09 DE DE60230981T patent/DE60230981D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-05-09 CN CN028135180A patent/CN1545770B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2003
- 2003-11-20 IL IL158986A patent/IL158986A/en active IP Right Grant
-
2007
- 2007-02-28 US US11/711,630 patent/US7327801B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2008
- 2008-01-28 US US12/010,655 patent/US7792207B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE421807T1 (en) | 2009-02-15 |
EP1391059B1 (en) | 2009-01-21 |
EP1391059A4 (en) | 2004-11-10 |
US20080181328A1 (en) | 2008-07-31 |
US7321636B2 (en) | 2008-01-22 |
WO2002099999A1 (en) | 2002-12-12 |
BR0210131A (en) | 2004-06-08 |
CN1545770A (en) | 2004-11-10 |
JP2004533776A (en) | 2004-11-04 |
US20030002594A1 (en) | 2003-01-02 |
IL158986A (en) | 2009-09-22 |
US7792207B2 (en) | 2010-09-07 |
CN1545770B (en) | 2013-03-06 |
IL158986A0 (en) | 2004-05-12 |
DE60230981D1 (en) | 2009-03-12 |
US20070160116A1 (en) | 2007-07-12 |
JP4328200B2 (en) | 2009-09-09 |
KR100627196B1 (en) | 2006-09-25 |
EP1391059A1 (en) | 2004-02-25 |
US7327801B2 (en) | 2008-02-05 |
KR20040006000A (en) | 2004-01-16 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US7321636B2 (en) | Communication device with smart antenna using a quality-indication signal | |
US8634495B2 (en) | System, method and apparatus for mobile transmit diversity using symmetric phase difference | |
EP1709761B1 (en) | Communicating signals according to a quality indicator using multiple antenna elements | |
US7411931B2 (en) | Inter-frequency measurements with MIMO terminals | |
WO2006052494A1 (en) | Communicating signals according to a quality indicator and a time boundary indicator | |
US20060267983A1 (en) | Modifying a signal by adjusting the phase and amplitude of the signal | |
WO2006044397A2 (en) | Determining a power control group boundary of a power control group | |
US7783267B1 (en) | Modifying a signal in response to quality indicator availability | |
EP1501217A2 (en) | A radio communication system with transmission power control |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
EEER | Examination request | ||
FZDE | Discontinued |