CA2424556C - Base station apparatus of mobile communication system - Google Patents

Abstract

A base station including a transmitting and receiving amplifier for amplifying CDMA signals exchanged with a mobile station; a radio stage connected to the transmitting and receiving amplifier for carrying out D/A conversion of a transmitted signal that undergoes baseband spreading, followed by quadrature modulation, and for carrying out quasi-coherent detection of a received signal, followed by A/D conversion; a baseband signal processor connected with the radio stage for carrying out, baseband signal processing of the transmitted signal and the received signal; a transmission interface connected with the baseband signal processor for implementing interface with external channels; and a base station controller for carrying out control such as management of radio channels and establishment and release of the radio channels. The base station communicates with the external channels using ATM cells, and with the mobile stations using the CDMA signals by mapping a plurality of logical channels into a plurality of physical channels. The CDMA signals are spreading using two types of spreading code sequences, that is, a short code and a long code.

Description

SPECIFICATION
BASE STATION APFARATUS OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION
SYSTEM

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a base station i:~ a mobile comznunications system, and more particularly to a base station capable of carryir._g out commuriications with mobile stations through high speed digital communication channels using CDMA.
BACKGROUND ART

Recently, base stations in mobile communication systems have become increasingly faster owing to the development of riovel communications methods such as CDMA (code division multiple access), which become possible with recent advances in digital communication:. techniques. In addition, fixed stations are also digitized, and come to use new switching networks such as ATM networks.

Thus, new base stations are required which meet such advances in technology.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

An object of the present invention is to provide a novel, high speed, digital base station best suited to achieving communications with inobile stations by CDM-A, and with a control office by ATM.

In the first aspect oL the present invention, there is provided a digital radio communication system comprising:

transmitting one or more known pilot symbols at every fixed interval; and receiving, on a receiving side, the pilot symbols, and carrying out cotierent detection using the received pilot symbols, wherein a number of the pilot symbols that a:_e transmitted periodically is variable in accordance with a transmission. rate.

According 7~o tne configuration above, a trade-off can be optimized hetween degradation in accuracy of coherent detectior due to a reduction of the number of the pilot symbc>ls and ari increase in overhead due to the increase of the number of pilot symbols.

In the second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a digital radio communication system comprising:

transmitting, on a transmitting side, one or more known pilot symbols at everv fixed slot interval;

assembling a ~.rame from a plurality of the slots;
and -receiving, on a receiving side, the pilot symbols, and carrying out coherent letection using the received pilot symbols, wherein the pilot symbols consist of a known pilot symbol portion and a sync word portion for frame alignment.

Here, the pilot symbol portion and the sync word portion may be trar:smitted alternately at fixed intervals in tkie p:.lot symbols.

The receiving side may carry out the coherent:
detection using the known pilot symbol portion, and may employ, after establishing the frame alignment using the sync word portion, the sync word portion for the coherent detection.

Using sync word as a part of the pilot symbols makes possible to prevent an increase in overhead of the coherent detection.

In the third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a mobile communication system using a digital radio connnunication scheme, wherein mapping, which maps into one physical channel a plurality of logical channels for transmitting information to be broadcasted by a base station, is varied in accordance with a changing rate of data to be transmitted over each of the logical channel.
Here, the mapping may be carried out by varying an occurrence rate of the logical channels.

The mappincr may fix a position of at least orie I-ogical channeL.

The information to be broadcasted over the logical cliannels may be information on a reverse direction interfer-Lng power amount.

The information to be broadcasted over the logical channels may be control channel information on a contiguous cell or on a current cell.

Such an arrangement enables transmission to be implemented ir_ accordance with characteristics of broadcasted irfo=ation, thereby implementing efficient trarismission.

In the fourth aspect of the present invention, there is prov,_ded a mobile communication system using a digital radio communication scheme, wherein a number of radio frames of a fixed duration on a physical channel is varied in accordance with a transmission rate, the radio frames constituting a processing unit on a logical channel.

Such an arrangement makes it possible to optimize the unit to which the error detecting code (CRC) is provided, reducing the overhead of processings.

In the fiEt.h cispect of the present invention, there is provided a mobile communication systen.
using CDMA, the mobile communication system uses for an inphase component and a quadrature component a same short code and different long codes as spreading codes.

Here, the dif`er_ent long codes may have thei.:
phases shifted.

This configurat~ion prevents short codes whic'-i are finite resources from being wasted.

In the sixzh aspect of the present invention, there is provided a mobile communication system employing a digital radio communication scheme, wherein frame transmission timings on physical channels from a base station to mobile stations are delayed by random durati_ons for respective sectors associated with the same base station.

Here, the random durations may be assigned to respective dedicat.ed physical channels at a call setup.

Providing the random delay in this way makes; it possible for the Lnterfering power to be uniformly distributed along the time axis when there are multiple physical channels which are transmitted intermittently, tnereby reducing collision of signals:

In the seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided a multicode transmission system in a CDMA mobile communication system, which communicates with a mobile station over a plurality of physical channels that use different spreading codes, the multicode transmission system comprising:

transmittina one or more pilot symbols and a transmission powez control command through one of the plurality of physical channels; and carrying out in common with the plurality of physical channels coherent detection using the same pilot symbols and transmission power control in accordance with the same transmission power control c ommand .

Here, transmission power of a portion of the pilot symbols and the transmissior. power control command transmitted over the one cf the plurality of physical channels may be greater than transmiss-Lon power of other data portions.

Transmission power of the portion of the pilot symbols and the transmission power control command transmitted over t,he one of the piurality of physical channels may be greater than transmission power of other dar_a portions by a factor of a number of the multicodes.

In the eighth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a multicode transmission system in a CDMA mobile communication system, which communicates ;vith a mobile station over a plurality - h -of physical channels that use different spreading codes, the multicocie transmission system comprising:
assigning to the plurality of physical channels sa_me one or more p-ilot symbols and a same transmission power control command;

transmitting a portion of the pilot symbols and the transmission power control command on the plurality of pnysi~al channels by spreading only that portion using a same spreading code; and carrying out in common with the plurality of physical- channels coherent detection using the same pilot symbols and transmission power control in accordance with the same transmission power control c ommand .

This makes it possible to implement efficient multicode transmission.

Tn the ninth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a transmission power control system in a CDMA mobile communication system, wherein a base station carries out transmission power control in accordance with a predetermined pattern until synchroizization in the base station is established, Yeceives, when the synchronization is established, a transmission power control command based on SIR measurement results in a mobile station, carries o.it transmission power control in response to the transmission power control command, arnd trarlsmits a transnlission power control command based on SIR measurement results in the base station; and the mobile sta=--ion carries out transmission 1:Dower control from an initial value, and transmits, after the synchronizaticn has been established, the transmission power control command based on the SIR

measurement results in the mobile station.

Here, the predetermined pattern may be a pattern for rapidly increasing transmission power up to a predetermined value, and subsequently gradually increasing the transmission power.

The predetermined pattern may be variable in, the base station.

The initial value in the mobile station may be transmitted frcm the base station.

The base station may transmit, before the synchronization in the base station is establis:aed, to the mobile station a transmission power control command of a predetermined second pattern; and the mobile station may control. transmission power in response to the transmission power control command which is transmitted.

The transmission power control command of the second pattern may be varied by the base station.
The mobile stat:ion may carry out, until the synchronization in the base station is established, the transmission power control in accordance with a pattern predetermined in the mobile station.

Thus gradually increasing forward transmission power carl prevent communications with other mobile stations from being adversely affected.

Furthermore, since the control is carried out iri two stages, the synchronization can be established quickly. Since the base station takes the initiative of the power control, optimum control patterns can be selected. In addition, using t'ze fixed control pat,`ern in the mobile station simplifies the configuration.

In the tenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a mobile communication system employing a packet digital radio communication scheme between a base station and mobile staticns, wherein the base station makes a decision as to whether to switch physical radio channels to be used; and swit:ches, if necessary, the physical radio channels to be used, and wherein the foregoing control is carried out between the base station and the mobile stations without involving connection control of the base station with a wire section.
Here, the switching may be carried out in accordance wit:h traffic volume between the base station and the mobile stations.

The physical radio channels may be a common phvsical radic) channel and a plurality of dedicated physical radio channels.

Since the switching control in accordance wwth the present invention carries out the switching control based on the decision of the base station (BTS) in this way, it does not involve the switching control in the wire section (between the base station and control center (BSC), for example).

This makes it possible to reduce the load of the switching control, and to implement high speed switching control.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration of a base station in accordance with the present irivention;

Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a logical channel;

Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a physical channel;

Fig. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship of Figs. 4A and 4B; -Fig. 4A is a d.iagram illustrating signal formats of the physical channel;

Fig. 4E3 is a diagram illustrating signal formats of the physical channel;

Fig. 5 is a graph illustrating simulation results of the dependence of the symbol rate of 32 ksps on the number of pilot symbols;

Fig. 6 is a graph illustrating simulation results of the dependence of the symbol rate of 128 ksps on the number of pilot symbols;

Figs. 7A and 7B are diagrams illustrating formats of reverse common control physical channel signals;
Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating correspondence between physical c:hannels and logical channels;

Fig. 9 is a d=iagram illustrating a mapping example of a logical channel onto a perch chanriel;
Fig. 10 is a diagram illustrating a PCH mapping s cheme ;

Fig. 11 is a diagram illustrating a FACH mapping scheme;

Fig.' 12 is a diagram illustrating a mapping of DTCH and ACCH onto a dedicated physical channel.;
Figs.:L3A-1.3C are diagrams ili.ustrating ACCH
mapping schemes;

Fig. 14 is a~liagram illustrating a method of using W bits;

Figs. 15A and 15B are block diagrams each showing a configuration of a convolutional encoder;

Fig. 1b is a diagram illustrating an SFN (system frame number) transmission example;

Fig. 17 is a diagram illustrating a structure of SFN bits;

Fig. 18 is a block diagram showing a configur_atior_ of a forward long code generator;
Fig. 19 is a block diagram showing a configur_atior: of a reverse long code generator;
Fig. 20 is a diagram illustrating a short code generating methoc;;

Fig. 21 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a short code generator for a long code mask syrrbol ;

Fig. 22 is a block diagram showing a spreading code generating method using a long code and short code;

Fig. 23 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a spreader;

Fig. 24 is a diagram illustrating a random access transmission scheme;

Fig. 25 is a diagram illustrating an exampl~` of a multicode transmission method;

Fig. 26 is a graph illustratirlg simulation results of multicode transmission;

Fig. 2'i is a diagram illustrating an example of the multicode transmission method;

Figs. 28A and 28B are diagrams illustrating a frame structure for 1544 kbits/s used for transmitting ATM cells;

Figs. 29A and 29B are diagrams illustrating a frame structure for 6312 kbits/s used for transmitting ATM cells;

Fig. 30 is a diagram illustrating a pulse mask at an output terminal of a 6312 kbits/s system;

Fig. 31 is a diagram illustrating an example of a link structur-e (F,.TM connection) between a BTS and MCC;

Fig. 32 is a diagram illustrating a structure of an idle cell;

Figs. 33A and 33B are diagrams illustrating an AAL-2 connection configuration;

Figs. 34A and 34B are diagrams illustrating AAL-5 connection configuration;

Fig. 35 is a diagram illustrating an AAL-2 format;

Fig.'36 is a diagram illustrating a SAL format;
Fig. 37 is a diagram illustrating an AAL-5 format;

Fig. 38 is a diagram showing the relationsr.ip of Figs. 38A and 381-1;

Fig. _J8A is a diagrain illustrating a signal format of a timing cell;

Fig. 383 is a diagram illustrating a signal format of a timing cell;

Fig. 39 is a diagram illustrating super frame positions;

Fig. 40 is a diagram illustrating transmission line estimation using multiple pilot blocks;

Figs. 41A and 41B are diagrams illustratinc SIR
based closed loop transmission power control;

Fig. 42 is a diagram illustrating transmission power contro'~. timings;

Fig. 43 is a diagram illustrating transition to the closed loop t_.ransmission power control;

Fig. 44 is a diagram illustrating reverse transmission power control during inter-cell diversity handover; Fig. 45 is a diagram illustrating forward transmission power control during inter-cell diversity handover;

Fig. 46 is a diagram showing the relationsr.ip of Figs. 46A and 46L';

Fig. 46A is a flowchart illustrating a synchronization establishment flow of a dedicated physical channel:

Fig. 46B is a flowchart illustrating a synchronizati.on establi_shment flow of a dedicated physical channel;

Fig. 47 is a sequence diagram illustrating an example o~t . ari int.er-cell diversity handover processing in packet transntission;

Fig. 48 is a diagram showing an example of a connection confic;uration during an inter-sectoi_ handover in a reverse dedicated physical channel (UPCH);

Fig. 49 is a diagram showing an example of a connection configuration during an inter-sector handover i_n a forward dedicated physical channel (UPCH);

Fig. 50 is a diagram showing an example of a connection configuration during an inter-secto:_ handover in a reverse common control physical channel (RACH);

Fig. 51 is a diagram showing an example of a connection configuration during an inter-sector handover in a forward common control physical channel (FACH);

Fig.' 52 1s a diagram illustrating an example of a switching sequen~ce from a common control physical channel to a dedicated physical channel;

Fig. 53 is a diagram illustrating an example of a switching sequence from a dedicated physical channel to a common control physical channel;

Fig. 54 i_s a diagram illustrating a format of a cell header;

Fig. 55 is a diagram illustrating an outlir:e of band assurance control;

Fig. 56 is a flowchart illustrating ATM cell transmission control;

Fig. 57 is a flowchart illustrating an AAL type 2 cell assembl:ing processing;

Figs. 58A-58C' are diagrams illustrating examples of cell transmission sequence data;

Fig. 59 is a diagram illustrating an example of an AAL type 5 format;

Fig. 60 is a diagram illustrating an example of a SSCOP (service specific connection oriented protocol) sequence;

Fig. 61 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure of establishing SFN time synchronization in a:BTS;
Fig. 62 i_s a diagram illustrating a BTSSFN clock phase compensati-Dn value calculation method;

Fig. 63 -i-s a flowchart illustrating a cell loss detection prDcess;

Fig. 64 is a diagram showing the relationship of Figs. 64A and 643;

Fig. 64A is a diagram illustrating a codinq scheme of a BCCH1 or BCCH2 (16 ksps) logical channel;

Fig. 64B is a diagram i-llustrating a coding scheme of a EsCCH1 or BCCH2 (16 ksps) logical channel;

Figs. 65A and 65B are diagrams illustrating a coding scheme of a PCH (64 ksps) logical channel;
Fig. 66 is a diagram showing the relationship of Figs. 66A anci 661,.;

Fig. 66A is a diagram illustrating a coding scheme of a FACH--long (64 ksps) logical channe=_ ;
Fig. 66B is a diagram illustrating a coding scheme of a FACH--long (64 ksps) logical channe=_ ;
Fig. 67 is a diagram showing the relationsh.ip of Figs. 67A and 67b;

Fig. 67A is a diagram illustrating a coding scheme of a FACH-short (rlormal mode) (64 ksps) logical channel;

Fig. 67B is a diagram illustrating a codinc-scheme of a FACH-short (normal mode) (64 ksps) logical channel;

Fig. 68 is a diagram showing the relationship of Figs. 68A and 68B;

Fig. 68A is a diagram illustrating a codincf scheme of a FACH-short (Ack mode) (64 ksps) logical channel;

Fig. 68B is a diagram illustrating a codincr scheme of a 1 ACH -short (Ack mode ) (64 ksps) logical channel;

Fig. 69 is a diagram showing the relationship of Figs. 69A and 693;

Fig. 69A is a diagram illustrating a codincT
scheme of a R.ACH-long (64 ksps) logical channel;
Fig. 69B is a diagram illustrating a coding scheme of a RACH-long (64 ksps) logical channel;

Fig. 70 i-s a diagram showing the relationship of Figs. 70A and 70B;

Fig. 70A is a diagram illustrating a codinq scheme of a FF.CH--short (64 ksps) logical channel;
Fig. 70B is a diagram illustrating a codinq scheme of a RACH-short (64 ksps) logical channel;
Fig. 71 is a diagram showing the relationship of Figs. 71A and 71B;

Fig. 71A is E:, diagram illustrating a codinq scheme of an SDCCH (32 ksps) logical channel;
Fig. 71B is a diagram illustrating a coding scheme of an SDC--H (32 ksps) logical channel;

Fig. 72 is a diagram showing the relationship of Figs. 72A and 72B;

Fig. 72A is a diagram illustrating a coding scheme of an ACCH (32/64 ksps) logical channel;
Fig. 72B is a diagram illustrating a coding scheme of an ACCI-; (32/64 ksps) logical channel;

Fig. 73 is a diagram showing the relationship of Figs. 73A and 73B;

Fig. 73A is a diagram illustrating a codincr scheme of an ACCH (128 ksps) logical channel;
Fig. 73B is a diagrai-n illustrating a codinq scheme of an ACCI-i (128 ksps) logical channel;

Fig. 7.4 is a diagram showing the relationship of Figs. 74A and 748;

Fig. 74A is a diagram illustrating a codincr scheme of an ACCH (256 ksps) logical channel;
Fig. 74B is a diagram illustrating a codincT

scheme of an ACCH (256 ksps) logical channel;

Fig. 75 is a diagram showing the relationship of Figs. 75A and 7513;

Fig. 75A is a diagram illustrating a codinq scheme of a DTCH (32 ksps) logical channel;
Fig. 75B is a. diagram illustrating a codincr scheme of a DTCH (32 ksps) logical channel;

Fig. 76 is a diagram showing the relationship of Figs. 76A and 76B;

Fig. 76A is a diagram illustrating a coding scheme df a DTCH (64 ksps) logical channel;
Fig. 76B is a diagram illustrating a coding scheme of a DTCH (64 ksps) logical channel;

Fig. 77 is a diagram showing the relationship of F igs . 77A, 77B aild 77C;

Fig. 77A is a diagram illustrating a coding scheme of a DTCH (128 ksps) logical channel;
Fig. 77B is a diagram illustrating a codinc-scheme of a DTCH (128 ksps) logical channel;
Fig. 77C is a diagram illustrating a codincr scheme of a DTCH (128 ksps) logical channel;

Fig. 78 is a diagram showing the relationship of Figs. 78A, 78B and 78C;

Fig. 78A is a diagram illustrating a codincr scheme of a DTCH (256 ksps) logical channel;
Fig. 78B is a diagram illustrating a codincr scheme of a DTCH (256 ksps) logical channel;
Fig. 78C is a diagram illustrating a coding scheme of a DTCH (256 ksps) logical channel;

Fig. 79 is a diagram showing the relationship of Fi gs . 79A, 79B arid 79C;

Fig. 79A is a diagram illustrating a coding scheme of a DTCH (512 ksps) logical channel;

Fig. 79B is a diagram illustrating a coding scheme of a DTCH (512 ksps) logical channel;
Fig. 79C is a diagram illustrating a coding scheme of a DTCH (512 ksps) logical channel;

Fig. 80 is a diagram showing the relationship of Figs. 80A, 80B and 80C;

Fig. 80A is a diagram illustrating a coding scheme of a DTCH (1024 ksps) logical channel;
Fig. 80B is a diagram illustrating a coding scheme of a L:TCH (1024 ksps) logical channel;

Fig. 80C is a diagram illustrating a coding scheme cf a L,TCH (1024 ksps) logical channel;

Fig. 81 is a diagram showing the relationship of Figs. 81A and 81B;

Fig. 81A is a diagram illustrating a coding scheme of an UPCH (32 ksps) logical channel;

Fig. 81B is a diagram illustrating a coding scheme of an UPCH (32 ksps) logical channel;

Fig. 82 is a diagram showing the relationship of Figs. 82A and 82B;

Fig. 82A is a diagram illustrating a codinc-scheme of an UPCH (64 ksps) logical channel;
Fig. 82B is a diagram illustrating a codincr scheme of an UPCH (64 ksps) logical channel;

Fig. 83 is a diagram showing the relationship of Figs. 83A and 83B;

Fig. 83A is a diagram illustrating a codinq scheme of an UPCii (128 ksps) logical channel;
Fig. 83B is a diagram illustrating a coding scheme Of an UPCIi (128 ksps) logical channel;

Fig. 84 is a diagram showing the relationship of Figs. 84A and 84B;

Fig. 84A is a diagram illustrating a coding scheme of an UPC!: (256 ksps) logical channel;
Fig_ 84B is a diagram illustrating a coding scheme of an UPCH (256 ksps) logical channel;

Fig. 85 is a diagram illustrating transmission timings of a perch channel and common control physical channel ;

Fig. 86 is a diagram illustrating transmission timings of a reverse common control physical channel (RACH) ;

Fig. 87 is a diagram showing the relationship of Figs. 87A and 871:";

Fig. 87A is a diagram illustrating transmission and reception timings of a dedicated physical channel (during rion-DHO);

Fig. 87B is a diagram illustrating transmission and reception tiinings of a dedicated physical channel (during non-DHO);

Fig. 88 i_s a diagram showing the relationship of Figs. 88A and 883;

Fig. 88A is a diagram illustrating transmission and reception timings of a dedicated physical channel (during DIHO) ;

Fig. 88B is a diagram illustrating transmission arid reception timings of a dedicated physical channel (during DHO');

Fig. 89 is a diagram illustrating a transmission pattern of perch channels;

Fig. 90 is a diagram showing the relationship of Figs. 90A and 90B;

Fig. 90A is Et diagram illustrating a transinission pattern of a f:=.,7ard com~.Tnon control channel (for FACH);
Fig. 90B is a diagram illustrating a transinission pattern of a fortivard common control channel (for FACH ) ;
Fig. 91 i.s a diagram illustrating a transm=ission pattern oT a forward common control channel (for PCH);
Fig. 92 i.s a diagram illustrating a transmission pattern of a reverse common control channel (for RACH);
Fig. 93 i.s a diagram illustrating a transmission pattern of a dedicated physical channel (during high speed closed loop transmission power control);

Fig. 94 is a diagram illustrating a transmission pattern of a 32 ksps dedicated physical channel (DTX
control);

Fig. 95 is a diagram showing the relationship of Figs. 95A and 95B;

Fig. 95A is a flowchart illustrating a CPS PDU
(content provider system protocol data unit) assembling method (other than RACH);

Fig. 95B is a flowchart illustrating a CPS PDU
(content provider system protocol data unit) assembling method (other than RA.CH);

Fig. 96 is a diagram showing the relationship of Figs. 96A and 96L3;

Fig. 96A is a flowchart illustrating a CPS PDU
assembling method (RACH) ; and Fig. 96B is a flowchart illustrating a CPS PDU
assembling method (RACH).

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
1. Outline of a system.

1.1 CDMA base st.ation.

A base transceiver station (BTS) in accordance with the present invention will now be described in detail, which carries out communications with mobile stations by CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) and with a control/switching center by ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode).

1.2 Explanation of abbreviations.

Abbreviations used in the present specification are shown in Table 1.

Table 1 -List of abbreviations Nc~. Abbreviat:-o:_s Terms 1 BTS base transceiver station ? AMP transniitting/receiving amplifier ~ NIDE base station modulator /demodulator 4 MS radio mobile station ANT antenria 6 HW wire transmission line ! MCC mobile control/
switching center ~ HW-INT wire transmission path interiace 9 TRX radio transceiver 1 0 BTS-('NT base -ransceiver station controller 1 1 BB base-band signal processor 1 ~ N1T maintenance tool 2. Structures 5 2.1. Functional configuration The.base station has a configuration as shown in Fig. 1. The block designated by the reference symbol BTS in Fig. 1. shows a functional configuration of the base station in accordance with the present invention. The following contents explain the functional structure, though the present = n t I. 1 ri fi. r_-- s i_ r 1 c r. ed by t_r1 e Ll a r Q',v ar e congurat_cn. Tr<._ referenc~ sy_nbo P1CC ~n Fig. 1 d,~_-s ;~~gnates co n_rol ng e(Tu,pm.ent for coro_r th~e base station.

Tab1e 2 s vs car_1'nes of func ons of various blocks .

:b~e 2 Cuc1i__` o-- functiUns of b1:)cr:s of ET, rar.s:nitE: ing Being provided witr a transmi.tting irece~~:ving a:npli_ier ampiiiier for ampiifying a `ransmitted P-F signa_ , and a lcw I".o:s _ a:RC'iL 1F1er gCr aIitD-l1f',F_i.g a r.e:_eived RF signaL, duple: ir_g tra_^.smitt=_d ...~lgnal and F.: recei*,,ed.
S igr_al., and con;~ecting tnem to tne AiV".

~ Radio stage ('PRXJ PiA convertir_g a trazsmitted signal tnat has beer, sub-Ject to baseband s?r =ading, ar_d convertir_g it to an RF
sic;nal by qpaadrature modulation, and carrying out quasi-cocerent decection of a received s:gnal fed fro7 a r.eceiving ampiifier, A/D converting it, and trans~:erring it to a baseband block 3 Basebar_d signal C:arrying out baseban!l process_nas arocesscr su."as error corractir_g encoding, `raming, da.a modulation and spreading off =ransmi=tera data, and despreadir_g of a received sicnai, chig syncrronizatior_, error correcting decoding, da-.a dem~'rtiplexi maximal ratic combining du----'ng ~.nter-sector ~r,ersr t~a::d.over, and tne lke.
L O

~ as~'~ s ~ a t n E =::iu'T.=Jli.'g a _OntrO_ slgnai wt:1 ,~ Racli, ~'i ;._ `_O carry oU7 IiianayeIP.ent Of establisLllTleP_t ~r releas e cf iauio channels.

re ra...smiss o n a~;'n_ an A~TC~.' processing Lunction, catintarface r_ype and AA~ rLLrpe ~
TN fc:ions ,n an inter-office transmission oath interface.
?ro ri ing an .=SC'-P `_unction _c a co:._ro'_ silna'.~ bet=Neen rICC anc ES.
:;e n=ratir_g a:: cperation cloc}: cf a 3"_S frDm a transmission pat:z.

C' Ma]'_l=e na-icC (MT) Ha,ri:_"g a fl cr_ oI L sT_-Jec_t~ing Para~-".eters c': de-vices, and a::unctior_ of co1=_cting data.

?. Operation c ond-tions proc:~ssing *The base, stat-_on au~o:-,Lat1ca11Y resets ltselL
when po~,~,er Ls turi ~d on.

xwnen reser_tin a CPU, the foll-DWing processings are carried out in accordance witr programs in a ROM.
(1) Lnterr~_al c:hec'--ir_g of the C_jU.

(2) Start up c?- APs (applicati(Dn programs).
4 . =nter1__e ::ond-..._ons 4.1. Radio _n-_erf,.ace 4. 1.~ P~Iaj or speci f ics Tab-e 3 shows r..ajor sp~cirics of the radio ir_terface be'~:.ween r.'.o le stations and the base statlon. _ ~~ -T?.BLE 3 Ma~~r specifics of radio interface Ttem Soeclf-cs Rac.io access D5-.CDM_v FDD
sci_eme Frecr,lencv 2 Giiz band Carrier Frequen::y 5 MHz (expandable to 1.25/10/20 MHz) spacing Chip rate 4,096 Mcps (expandable to 1.024/8.192 ,'16.384 Mcps) Short code iength4256-4 chip length Dor_g code lengtz Forward: 10 ms (Truncate 216-1 chip long Gold sequences at 10 ms) . Reverse: 315x10 ms (Truncate 24L_1 chip long Gold seauences at 216X10 ms ) .

Number of switcned 2 (select two out of four carries) carriers Modulation Data: QPSK, pilot symbol coherent /demodulation detectiori, and RAKE. Spread: QPS?:.
scheme Encodir_g/decoding Interr.al codes: Convolutional encoding scheme ~;R=1/3 or 1/2, K=9) and Viterbi soft decision decoding. External codes: Reed-So?omon codes (for data transmission) Symbol rate 16-1024 ksps Information Variable up to maximum 384 kbps transmission rate Diversity RAKE + Antenna Inter-base station Asynchronous syr_c -_ 2 8 4.1.2 Radio channel structure 4.1.2.1 Logical channel structure Structures of logical channels are illustrated in Fig. 2.

4.1.2.1.1. Broadcast control charinels 1 and 2 (BCCH1 and B(-'CH2) Broadcast control channels (BCCHs) are a one-way channel for broadcasting from a base station to mobile stations system control information on each cell or sector. The broadcast control channel transmits tirne varying irzformation such as SFNs (System Frame Numbers), reverse interference power values, etc.

4.1.2.1.2. Paging channel (PCH) A paging channel (PCH) is a orie-way channel. for transferring fror:l the base station to mobile stations the same information all. at once over a large area. This channel is used for paging.
4.1.2.1.3. Forward access channel-long (FACH-L) A forward access channel-long is a one-way channel for transmitting from the base station to mobile stations control information or user packet data. This channel, which is used only when a network knows the location cell of a mobile station, is employed to transmit rather a large amount of information.

4.1.2.1.4. F'orw~..ird access channel-short (FACH--S) A forward access channel-short is a one-way channel for transmitting from the base station to mobile stations control information or user packet data. 'Phis c::hannel, which is used only when a network knows the location cell of a mobile station, is employed to transmit rather a small amount of information.

4.1.2.1.5. Random access channel-long (RACH-L;

A random access channel-long is a one-way channel for transmitting from mobile stations to the base station control information or user packet data.
This channel, which is used only when a mobile station knows its location cell, is employed to transmit rather a large amount of information.
4.1.2.1.6. Random access channel-short (RACH-S) A random access channel-short is a one-way channel for 7~ran.smitting from mobile stations to the base station control information or user packe1-data. This channel, which is used only when a mobile station knows its location cell, is emp:loyed to transmit rather a small amount of information.
4.1.2.1.7. StancI alone dedicated control channel (SDCCH) A stand alone dedicated control channel is a point-to-point two-way channel that transmits control informat_von, and occupies one physical channel.

4.1.2.1.8. Associated control channel (ACCH) An associ.ateci control channel is a point-to-point two-way channel ~:.hat trarismits control information.
This chanrlel is <-: control channel that is associated with a dedicated traffic channel (DTCH) which 'will be described below.

4.1.2.1.9. Dedicated traffic channel (DTCH) A dedicated traffic channel is a point-to-point two-way channel that transmits user information.
4.1.2.1.10. Use--r- packet channel (UPCH) A user packet channel is a point-to-point two-way channel that transmits user packet data.

4.1.2.2. Structure of physical channels Fig. 3 illustrates structures of a physical channel, and Figs. 4A and 4B illustrate characteristics of individual physical channels.

Characteristics of physical channels Perch c):-.anne'._s Corunon control Dedicated physica-' channel prysical channe __ Symbol 16ksps Re,rerse directiori: 32/64; :_28 rate 16/64 ksps /256/512/1024 Forward direction: 64 ksos ksps C'r.ar- Transmission *Only raciio frames High speed acter- power ccntro_ containing transmitted closed loop istLcs is not appli,-~d. information are ser.t. transmission Ust-:ally, there No sLLmho'-s inc luding power control are a first pilot s;;rmbols are sent can be carried perch channe "i o1= radio frarnes out.
througn whicl'-i without containing transmission is transmitted always carried information. (PD
out, and a sections of PCH are second perch always sent).
channel through *High speed closed which only loop transmission parts of power control is not svnbols are carried out.
transmitted.

4.1.2.2.1. Perch c--~hannel A perch channel. is a physical channel whose receiving level is measured for selecting a cell of a mobile station. Besides, the channel is a physical channel which is initially captured when the mobile station is turned on. The perch channel includes a first perch channel and a second perch channel: Tl-ie form-~r is spread by a short code uniquely assigned to the system for accelerating the cell selection when the mobile station is turned on, and continues transmission all the time; whereas the latter ;ys ::,pread k;y a short code corresponding to a ~ forward long code, and transmits only part of symbols. The perch channel is a one-way physical channel from the }.>ase station to mobile stations.
The short codes used by the second perch channel differ from the sn.ort code system employed by the other physical channels.

4.1.2.2.2. Common control physical channel The common coritrol physical channel is used in common by multiple mobile stations located in the same sector. The reverse common control physical channel is a random access channel..

4.1.2.2.3. Dedicated physical channels Dedi.cated physical channels are each established between a mobile station and the base station in a point-to-point fashion.

4.1.2.3. Signal formats of the physical channels.
All the physical channels assume a three layer structure of a st.iper frame, radio frames and time slots. The structures of the radio frames and time slots vary (in terms of the number of pilot symbols) depending on the type of the physical channels and the symbol rate. Figs. 4A and 4B illustrate the signal formats of channels other than the reverse conunon contro:- ph-,Xsical channels.

RelationsKips between the symbol rate and tr,e number ot pilOt symbols will be described with reference to Figs. 5 and 6.

Figs. 5 arid 6 illustrate simulation results of the effect of varying the number of pilot symbols for respective sy_nbol rates: simulation results with respect to the physical channels with different symbol rates of 32 ksps (symbols per second) and 128 ksps, respectively. In. Figs. 5 and 6, the horizontal axis represents the number of pilot symbols containeci in each time slot (of 0.625 rnsec), and the vertical axis represents a necessary Eb/Io, that is, a ratio of the required received power (Eb) per bit after the error correction to the interference power (Io) per unit frequency band in a state that meets a quality required. The Eb is obtained by dividing the total amount of the received power b,- the number of bits after the error correction, in tiie case of which overheads such as the pilot symbols are counted as part of the received power. The smaller the Eb/Io, the lower received power can meet the required quality, which is more effective in terms of capacity. The required quaZity is set at BER (bit error rate) _ 10" in 32 ksps physical. channels considering that they are for voice transmission, wiiereas it is set at BER = 10-e in 128 ksps physical channels considering that they are for data transmission.

The radio wave propagation conditions are identical in tw(D Figs.`)' and E.

In either s.,rmbol rate, an optimum value of the nuinber of pilot s,,-mbols that can inaximize the capacity is present because there is a trade-off between the degradation in the accuracy of the cohererit detection due to the redt.tction in the number of pil_)t symbols, and the increase in the overhead due to the increase in the number of pilot symbols. The optimum number of the pilot symbols varies depending on the symbol rates, such as six for 32 ksps and 1-6 for 128 ksps. In addition, the ratio of the optimum number of the pilot symbols to the total number of symbols also vary dependincl on the symbol rate such as 30% for 32 ksps and 20% for 128 ksps.

Accordingly, fixedly assigning the number cr ratio of the pilot symbols will reduce the capacity at some symbol raze.

In view c,f the fact that the optimum number and rate of the pilo: symbols vary depending on the syTnbol rates, the present invention assumes the - 3_5 -structures as shown in Figs. 4A and 4B.

Figs. 7A and 73 i.llustrate the signal formats of the radi(D frarie and time slots of the reverse common control physical channel, in which the numerals designate the number of symbols.
4.1.2.3.1. Super frame.

The super frante consists of 64 radio frames, and is determined on the basis of SFN which will be described below.

The initial radio frame of the super frame: SFN
nlod 64=0.

The final radio frame of the super frame: SFN
mod 64=63.

4.1.2.3.2. Pilot symbols and sync word (SW).

*Pilot symbol patterns are shown in Table 5, in which halftone pc;rtions represent sync words (SW) for the frame alignment. The symbol pattern of= the pilot symbols other than the sync words (SW) is *As shown in Table 5, the pilot symbols are transmitted together with the sync words. This makes it possible to reduce the overhead and increase the data transmission efficiency. In addition, once tne frame alignment has been established, since the sync words can be considered as an ntegral part of a known fixed pattern, and are utilized as the part of the pilot symbols for the coherent detection, the accuracy of the coherent detection can be maintained without the slightest degradation.

*The processing on a receiving side will now be described when the sync words (SW) are transmitted with the pilot symbols.

1. First, chip synchronization is acquired by searching for a despreading timing that provides a maximum correlation value by carrying out despreading processings at multiple timings.
Subsequently, despreading is carried out in accordance with the acquired timing.

2. An amount of phase rotation is estimated using pilot symbols (other than the sync word (SW)) with a fixed pattern, followed by the coherent detection using the estimated amount for demodulating the sync word (SW). The demodulization scheme involving the estimation of the phase rotation magnitude is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 6-140569 (1994), "Coherent detector".

3. Frame alignment is established using the demodulated sync word (SW). More specifically, the extent is examined to which the bit sequence of the demodulated sync word (SW) matches the predetermined DOCS'I'OR: 1407741\1 patterns, and the nlost likelv bit sequence is decided considering the bit error rate.

4. Once the frame alignment has been established, the hit sequence of the sync word ;SW) is obvious, a=id hence can be handled in the same manner as the fixed pattern of the pilot symbols.
Thus, the sync word (SW) can be used as an integral part of the pilot svin.bols to estimate the phase rotation amount and demodulate the data portion by the coherent detection.

Table 5 Pilot: sy-mbol -patterns P:ilot. symt)ol patterns 256, 512, 10,24 ksps 16 ksps Others dedicated physical common chan:-:el control pl:ysical channel ?ilot 4 5 6 ~ 0 l 2 3 0 :. ? .3;
, . ..
...
symbo l ~. . :, . . .i . . :
_1unber slot#1 1 1 1 . 1 : ~ l l .la.~ 11 1.1 .~ 11 lb. 11 :11. 11 :I1. 11 ]I ll 11 ~ .~~--- ,._ . _ ' 11 l;0: i11) 11' 1(7; 11 1;01. 11 10:I 11 01: 11 ( 11 P1 3 11 1:0' 11 .(}1-11 5-1- i7104. 1 1 -10 11 '10 - 11 01 1 11 01 . ..., ... ., ..
. f--- . -~-. -. . . . . .. . . . -_ -4 1 1 I 1 ; l l ( } 1 1 1 00 1 1 10 . 1 1 0.1.1 1 1 00 - 11 _ 10 { 1 1101 ---r. ;~ __~ ._ . . . . . . . . . _ _. . ;_ .
~--~-;-.-~--- -11 l.l = 1 1~~1)i? 1 1 01 . 11 .
l 0: 11 10 11 10 1 11 11 6 1 I ~; I;1:I 1 I ; l 1; I l~;l 11 :10 : 1 1 10 ; 1 1 "11 ; 11 10 I~ l I

7 1 I 10 1 I 1 f~; 11 ~(} I I I 10 . 1 1 10 . 11 .11 - 11 1 1 1 00 .. ..
-_ . --~- :- - -- - 4 . .
~-;- ~--- -i- . .
~ I 1 ! O 1 11 11 {)0 = 11 1,00 - 1 1 00 Q. 11 10 1 1 01 9 Ll I l:l: il LC) Il :0D' 11 :07: - 11 11 11 00 1 0 11 ol; 11;1;1. 11 l;lt 11 00 11 Ot O1 1 ] - 1 1 1-0- 11 1 0 - 1 1 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 1 1 0 = - l l il 10 1 2 1 1 O l I l 1 . 1 0 : 1 1 . 1 0 I . 11 01 11 01 1 3 11 10:l 11 :0:1: 1l- 1a: I1 1U: - 11 00 11 01 --~----~- - - _-_-_.!_ - T
1 4 I 1 -00- 11 1 10. l l'10- I 1 90. 11 10 11 00 1 5 I 1~~ 1 i I 1 . 10 i 1 00 t 1 {)E) - 1 1 01 1 1 00 1 6 1 1 1Ø; 1 1 Otl- 1 I j.OD- 1 1 00. 11 0o 11 )0 *In Table 5, each bit is transmitted in the order of "I" and "Q" from the left-hand side to the right-5 hand side.

Imm *In the forward corruz,,on control physical channels, burst mode transmis:~iori of a radio frame length can take place, in wriclz case, the pilot symbols are added at the final positiorl of the bursts. The number of syrnbols and the symbol pattern to be added is the slct #1 -jattern of Table 5.

*In the reverse com:mnon control physical channels, one radio frame for:ns one burst, and the pilot symbols are added at the fina-i position of the radio frame. The number of symbols and the symbol pattern to be added is the slot #1 pattern of Table 5.
4.1.2.3.3. TPC symcol.

The relationships between transmission power control (TPC) symbol patterns and transmission power control amounts are shown in Table 6.

Table 6 TPC symbol patterns.

TPC symbol transmission power control amount 1 1 +l, 0 dB

0 0 - l. 0 d B 4.1.2.3.4. Lorig code mask symbol.

*A long code mask symbol is spread by a short code cnly without using any long code.

*Although symbols r.f the perch channels other than the long code mask symbol use the short codes iri layered orthogonal code sequences as shown in Fi.g.
20, the long code mask symbol is spread using the short code selected from the orthogonal Gold sequences witli a(,ode length of 256. Details coricerning this wzll be described in 4.1.4.1.3.
*The long code mask symbol is contained one symbol per slot in the first and second perch channels, and the symbol pattern thereof is "11".

*The perch channels use two spreading codes to transmit their long code mask symbols individually.
In particular, the second perch channel transmits only the long code mask syu-Lol without transmitting any other symbol.

4.1.21.4. Mapping of the logical channels onto the physical channels.

Fig. 8 illustrates the relationships between the physical channels and the logical channels that are mapped onto the physical channels.

4.1.2.4.1. Pe-rcYl channels.

Fig. 9 illustrates a mapping example of the logical channel ontc) the perch channel.

*Only BCCH1 and BCCH2 are mapped.

*Onto the initia'i position of the super frame, BCCH1 is mapped without exception.

*With respect to the mapping other than the mapping of the BCCH"1 into the initial position of the su;oer frame, either BCCH1 or BCCH2 is mapped in accordance with structure ~Information designated.

*The BCCH1 and BCCH2 are each transmitted in every 2 X N consecut.~ve radio frames so that two radio frames constitute one radio unit, and transmit cne layer 3 message. The layer 3 message transmitted through the BC:CH1 and BCCH2 do not overlay two or more super frames.

*The BCCH1 and BCCH2 each transmit in each radio unit the followinu information, for example, wh_:ch is generated by the ETS.

*SFN (System Frame Number).
*Reverse inter.fering power amount.

The reverse interfering power amount is a time--varying latest result measured by the BTS.
*The information BCCH1 and BCCH2 transmit can have different characteristics. For example, BCCH1 can transmit time.-fix-ed information, whereas BCCH2 can transmit time-vaz.-ying information. In this case, the time-varying information can be transmitted efficiently by reducing the occurrence frequenc:y of the BCCH1 and increasing that of the BCCH2. The occurrence frequencies of the BCCH1 and BCCH2 can be determined considering the frequency of changes in the information. It is also possible to dispose the BCCH1 at fixed positions of the super frame, such as the initial and central positions, for example, and places BCCH2 at tie remaining positions. As an example of time-f i_xed inforination, there are code numbers of control channels of contiguous cells or the present ceil. The above-mentioned reverse interfering power ainount is time-varying information.

*Aithough the foregoing description is provided in an example including two broadcast control char.Lnels (BCCH1 and BCCH2), three or more broadcast control channels can be provided. These multiple broadcast control chanr.els can be transmitted with varyirig their occurrence frequencies.

4.1.2.4.2. Common control physical channel.
*Only PCH and FACHs are mapped into the forward common control physical channel. RACHs are mapped into the reverse common control physical channel.
*E.ither FACHs or PCHs are mapped into a single forward common control physical channel.

*Whether the logical channel to be mapped into the single forward common control physical channel is PCH or FACH is determined for each common control physical channel established.

*One forward common control physical channel into which the FACHs are mapped is paired with one reverse commori cont.rol physical channel. The pair is designated by a pair of spreading codes. The designat:ion of the pair is in terms of the physical channel, in which the sizes (S/L) of the FACH and RACH are not defined. As the FACH a mobile station receives and the F.ACH it transmits, a pair of the FACH and RACH is used on the pair of the forward common control physical channel and reverse comrnon control physical channel, respectively. In addition, in an Ack transmission processing by ,.he BTS for the received RACH, which will be descri:oed later, the Ack is transmitted through the FACH-S on the forward common control physical channel which is paired with the reverse common control physical channel through which the received RACH is transmitted.

4.1.2.4.2.1. A mapping method of PCHs into the common control physical channel.

Fig. 10 illustrates a mapping method of the PCHs.
*The PCHs are each divided into a plurality of groups in a super frame, and each group transmits the layer 3 -Lnformation.

*The number of groups per common control physical cYianne l is 256.

*Each group of t,le PCHs contains information of an amount of four time slots, and consists of six irlformation portions: two portions are for incoming call presence and absence indicators (PD portions), and the remairiing four portions are for called user identification nuraber portions (I portions).

*The PD portions are transmitted prior to the I
portions in each qroup.

*The six infornlation portions are assigned to over 24 time slots in a predetermined pattern in all the groups. The pattern over the 24 ;ime slots are shifted every four slot interval so as to dispose the plurality of groups onto the single common control physical channel.

*The first PCH is disposed such that the initial symbols of the PD portion of the first PCH beccmes the initiai symbols of the super frame. The sections of PCHs in each group are disposed in the PCH radio frames such that they are shifted every four time slot iriterval in the order of the second group, third group, etc.

*The final orie of the groups overlays the two super frames.

4.1.2.4:2.2. Mapping method of the FACH onto the common control physical channel.

Fig. 11 shows a mapping e.t.ample of the FACH.
*Any FACH radio frame on a common control physical channel can be used as either a logical channel FACH-L or FACH-S. The logical channel that receives a transmission request first is transmitted by the FAC_'H radio f rane.

*I'~ the length of the information to be transmitted by the FACH is longer than a predetermined value, FACH-L is used, and otherwise FACH-S is used.

*With respect to FACH-S, four FACH-S'es are time multiplexed into one FACH radio frame to be transmitted.

*Each of the four FACH-S'es consists of four time slots, and is disposed in one radio frame at every four time slct interval, with shifting one slot for each FACH-S. Thus, the time slots assigned to the four FACH-S'es are as follows.

First FACH-S: _irst, fifth, ninth and 13th time slots.

Second FACH-S: Second, sixth, 10th and 14th time slots.

Third FACH-S: Third, seventh, llth and 15th time slots.

Four FACH-S: Fourth, eighth, 12th and 16th time slots.

*If the first logical channel that receives the transmission request is a FACH-S, other FACH-S'es that are stored in a buffer at that time can be transmitted up to four with time multiplexing them into one FACH rad~_o frame. In this case, even if a FACH-L has been stored by that tirne, FACH-S' es -:hat receive a transmission request later than that FACH-L can be mult:iple_tied and transmitted.

*A mobile station can sli~multaneously receive the entire FACH-S'es ~nd FACH-L on each common control physical channel. ;t is sufficient for a mobile station to receive one common control physical channel even in the case where a base station transmits a plurality of common control physical channels for transmitting FACHs. Which one of them is to be received by the mobile station is determined betwee.n the mobile station and the BTS.
*The FACH-S has two modes of transmission format.

One is a format (layer 3 transmission mode) for transmitting infc:rmation of layer 3 and higher order which is designated. The other one is a format (ACK
mode) for transmitting an ACK of receiving a RACH.
*An ACK mode FACF-I-S can contain ACKs to up to seven mobile stations at the maximum.

*An ACK mode FACH-S is always transmitted as the fi-rst FACH-S.

*An ACK.,mode FACH-S is transmitted at fir,st, even if the transmission request is received after other FACH's.

*If an information volume of a higher rank information form (CPS: content provider system) that is transmi.ttad by FACH r_adio units amounts to a plurality of rACH radio uriits, a continuous transmission is guaranteed. No other CPS is allowed to intrude into the transmission. Even the ACK mode FACH-S, which is given top priority as described above, is not allowed to intrude to be transmitted.
*When orie CPS is transmitted with a plurality cf FACH radio units, either FACH-L's or FACH-S'es are used, without. being used in a mixed manner.
*When one CPS is transmitted continuously with a plurality of FACH-S radio units, the (n+l)-th F'ACH-S
radio unit follows the n-th FACH-S radio unit, except that it is the first FACH-S radio unit that foliows the -curt.h FACH--) radio unit.
4.1.2.4.2.3. A mapping method of a RACH onto a comsnon control physical channel.

*A RACH-S is mapped onto a 16 ksps reverse corrunon control physical channel, and a RACH-L is mapped onto a 64 ksps reverse common control physical channel. Both the RACH-S and RACH-L consist of one radio frame of 10 ms long. When they are transmitted through wireless sections, four pilot symbols are added to the final position of the radio frame.

*When transmit.=tinc.f the RACH, a mobile station uses the RACH-L or RACi-:-S freely i.n accordance with a transmission information volume.

*Receiving the R.A(:-'H-L or RACH-S normally, a base station transmits Ack to the mobile station through a FACH. The RACH and its associated FACH that transmits the Ack are designated by assigning the same RL-ID to both the channels.

xThe frame timing for transmitting the RACH from the mobile station is delayed by a predetermined offset from the frame timing of the common control physical channel onto which the FACH for transmitting the Ack is mapped. The offset can take 16 values, one of which the mobile station randomly selects to sE:nd the RACH.

*The base station must have the function of receiving the RACH-L and RACH-S at all the offset timings.

4.1.2.4.3. Dedicated physical channel.

*The SDCCH arld UPCH each occupy one dedicated physical channel.

*With regard to 32-256 ksps dedicated physical channels, a DTCH and an ACCH are time multiplexed to srare the same dedicated physical channel.

*With regard to 512 ksps and 1024 ksps dedicated physical channels, only a DTCH occupies the dedicated physical channel without multiplexing an ACCH.

*Tne time mult-[plexing of the DTCH and ACCH is carried out fo- each time slot by dividing logical channel symbols in the time slot and assigning them to the two channels. The ratio of the division varies depending on the symbol rate of the dedicated physical channel. Fig. 12 illustrates a mapping method of the DTCH and ACCH orito the dedicated physical channel.

*The number of radio frames constituting a radio unit of the ACCH varies depending on the symbol rate of a ded;~cated physical channel. The radio unit of the ACCH is allocated in synchronism with a super frame such that it is divided in accordance witr, the number of the time slots and its divisions are allocated to the eritire time slots over one or nlore radio frames. Figs. 13A-13C each illustrate a mapping method of the ACCH onto a super frame of the 2Q dedicated physicachannel for each symbol rate..
*One reason why the number of the radio frames constituting the :fadio unit varies depending on the symbol rates is t.iat an error correcting code ((-IRC) is added to each radio unit to detect and correct errors in each unit, and hence increasing the number of the radio unit will lead to increase the overhead of the error correcting-processing (concerning the cociing processing of the ACCH, ref.er to Figs. 72-74). Another reason is tYiat if the number of the radio units per super frame is increased in the case where the symbol rate is low, the ratio of the error correcting code increases, reducing the volume of t:he substantially transmitted information.

*In multicode transmission, the ACCH radio unit does not overlay two or more physical channels, but is transmitted using a particular one code (physica:L
charinel). The particular one code is predetermined.
4.1.2.5. Logical i_;hannel coding.

Figs. 64-84 illustrate coding processings of logical channels, which are carried out in a base station (BTS).

4.1.2.5.1. Error detecting code (CRC).

An error det.ec~Ying code (C'RC) is added to each CPSPDU (commori part sublayer protocol data unit), each internal encoding unit, or each selection combinina unit.

4.1.2.5.1.1.. Generator polynomials (1) 16-bit CRC

*Application: CPSPDU of the entire logical channels except for the DT(~H and PCH; internal encoding unit of UPCHs at a:Ll the symbol rates; selection combining unir_ of the 32 ksps DTCH; and an internal encoding unit cf the SDCCH, FACH-S/L or RACH-S/L.
*Generator polynomial:

GCRC16 (X) = X16 + X12 + X,5 + 1 (2) 14-bit CRC' rApplication: ACCHs at all the symbol rates.
xGenerator polynomial:

GCRC14 (X) = X14 + X13 + X5 + X5 + X2 + 1 (3) 13-bit CR'~

*Application: Selection combining units of 64/128 /256 ksps DTCHs.

*Generator polynomial:

GCRC13 (X) = X13 + Xl2 + X? + X6 + X5 + X4 + X2 + 1 (4) 8-bit CRC

*Application: CPSPDU of PCH.

*Generator polynomial: GCRCB (X) = X8 + X7 + X2 + 1 4.1.2.5.1.2. CRC calculation application range.
*CRC for each CPSPDU: Entire CPSPDU.

*CRC for each ACCH/DTCH selection combining unit:
Entire unit except for tail bits.

*CRC for each SDCCH/FACH/RACH/UPCH internal encoding unit: Entire unit-: except for tail bits.

*Figs. 64-84 illustrate by shaded portions the CRC
calculation application range and CRC bits.
4.1.2.5.1.3. Use:, of CRC check results.

*CRC for each CPSPDU: Making a decision as to whether to carry out retransmission according to a retransmission protocol-of a higher layer (SSCOP, layer 3 retransiniss-ion) FCRC for eacn.F.CCHiDTCH selection combining unit:
(i) outer-loop transmission power control; (ii) selection combining reliability information.

CRC for each UPCH internal encoding unit: outer-ioop transmissicn power control.

*CRC for each RACH internal encoding unit: laye:r 1 retransmission.

-'`CRC for each SDCCH internal encoding unit: (i) outer-loop transmission power control; (ii) making a decision on the necessity for wire transmission.
4.1.2.5.1.4. lnitialization of CRC

*The initial value of a CRC calculator is "all Os".
4.1.2.5.2. PAD.

*Application: The CPSPDU of the logical channels except for DTCHs.

*A PAD is used for aligning the length of the CPSPDU
with the integer multiple of the internal encoding unit length or selection combining unit length.

*The PAD is contained in the CPSPDU by 1 oct. unit.
*The bits of the PAD is "all Os".

4.1.2.5:3. Length *Application: Thte CPSPDU of logical channels except for DTCHs.

*Length shows an information volume (the number of octets) of the padciing in the CPSPDU.
z=.1.2.5.4. W bits *W bits indicates t.he initial, continuous, or final position of the CPSPDU for each internal encodinq unit (for each selection combining unit in the case of an ACCH). The relationships between the bit patterns of the W bits and their indications are shown in Table ;, and the uses thereof is shown in Fig. 14.
*A flowchart illustrating an assenibling process of the CPSPDU using the W bits is shown in Figs. 95A to 96B.

Table 7 W bit pat.tern W bits designated contents 00 continue & continue 01 continue & end 10 start & continue 11 start & end 4.1.2.5.5. Internal code.

*An internal code is one of the convolutional coding. Figs. 15A and 15B each shows a convolutional encoder.

*Features of iriternal encoding for respective logical channels are shown in Table 8.

_ 54 -*The output of the convolutional encoder is produced in the order or output 0, output 1 and output 2 (coding rate of 1/2 is applied to l.ip to output 1).
*The initial value of the shift register of the encoder is "all Os".

Table 8 Features of internal encodi_ng.

Types of Cons- Encod- Depth of Number of logical t-rain-- irig interleav- slots/radio channels ' engt:l rate ing unit FACH-S 1/2 72 4(4 slot interval) ACCH (32 9 6 64 /64ksps) ACCH(128ksps) 1 10 32 ACCH(256ksps) 24 16 DTCH(32ksps) 24 16 DTCH(64ksps) 1/3 64 16 DTC.-:(128ksps) 140 16 DTCH(256ksps) 278 16 bTCH(5l2ksps) 622 16 DTCH(1024ksps) 1262 16 UPCH(32ksps) 30 16 UPCH(64sps) 1/3 70 16 UPCH(128ksps) 150 16 UPCH(256ksps) 302 16 4.1.2.5.6. External encoding.

(1) Reed--Solomon encodzngidecoding.

*Code form: An abbreviated code RS(36,32) derived from a primitive code RS(255, 251) defined over a Galois field GF(28).

*Pzimitive poly-n.omial: p = X8 + X7 + X2 + X + J.
~=C(Dde generator polynomial:

G(x) =_ (x+a120) (X+a12=) (X+(t122) (X+a123) *An external encoding is applied only when unrestricted digital transmission in a circuit switching mode is carried out. The external encoding is carried out every 64 kbps (1B) inter-;ral independently of the transmission rate.

(2) Symbol interleaving.

*Interleaving is carried out on an 8-bit symbol unit basis.

*The depth of the interleaving is 36 symbols independently of the symbol rate of the DTCH.
(3) External code handling alignment.

*Each external code handling unit consists of 8C ms long data.

*The external code handling is processed in svnchron.-ism with radio frames. The radio frames in the e.{ternal code handling unit are provided with sequence nLUnbers C--7 in the order of transmission.

The external code handling alignment is established in accordance witl: the sequence numbers. The number of alignmerit guard stages are as follows (default: _ )=

The number of forward guard stages: NF (default = 2) The number of k,,ackward guard stages: NR (def:ault = 2) 4.1.2.5.7. Reverse link interfering amount.
*It is reported through the BCCH1 and BCCH2.
xIt is the latest :neasured value of the reverse interferi.ng amount (total received power including thermal noise) for each sector.

*A measuring method is defined by measurement parameters.

*Table 9 shows an example of correspondence between bit -values and reverse interfering amounts. The bits are transmitted from the leftmost bit in th.e table.

*The bits takes an idle pattern (see, 4.1.10) when the start of the measuremerlt is not designated.

Table 9 -Correspondence of t.he bit values to the reverse nterf ering amount:~.

Bit values Reverse interfering amounts 11 11 1 1 equal to or greater than -~43. 0dBrn/Hz 1 I I i.1 0 equal to or greater than -143. 5dBm/Hz less than -.1 4 3. 0 d B m/~~ z 0 0 00 0 1 equal to or greater than -I74. 0dBm/Hz less than --1 73. 5 d B m/H z ~~ ( } 0 0 () 0 less than- 1 74. 0 d B m/H z 4.1.2.5.8. SFN (:>ystem Frame Number) *System frame number (SFN) is reported through the BCCH1 and BCCH2.

*The SFN has a one-to-one correspondence with the radio frame, and is incremented by one for each 10 msec long rad_io frame.

*The SFN of the first one of the two radio frames at each transmission timing of the BCCH1 or BCCH2 is transmitted over the BCCH1 or BCCH2. Fig. 16 illustrates a transmission example of the SFN.

*The base station generates counter values based on the timings design~.ted by transmission paths.

*The range of ~-he ~FN: 0 216-1. The radio frame with SFN=216-1 is f.ollowed by the radio frame with SFN=O.

*Bit arrangement: Fig. 17 shows the bit arrange:ment of the SF'N. The bits are transmitted from the MSB
of this figure.

*Uses of the SFN.

(1) For calculating the phase of a reverse link long code: The reverse lirik long code phase at the originating/terminating connection and at the diversity handover is calculated as will be described in 4.1.--- and illustrated in Figs. 85-88 to generate a long code.

(2) For establishing super frame alignment: The radio frame with the SFN of mod 64 = 0 is the initial frame in a super frame, and the radio frame with the SFN of mod 64 = 63 is the final frame :_n the super frame.

4.1.2.5.9. Transmission power.

*Transmission power is broadcasted over the BCCH1 and BCCH2.

*Transmission pow~:r of the perch channel is notified.

*Range of the val..ie: 6 dBm - 43 dBm.
- 6 () -*Bit arrangement: 6-bit binary notation of a value expresse(i iri dBm unit. (for example, 6dBm is represented as 00:)110"). The bits are transmitted frorr, the MSB.

4.1.2.5.10. PID (Packet ID).
*Applicati.on: RACH-S/L; FACH-S/L.

*A PID is an identifier for identifying, on a common control physical channel, a call or a mobile station, which is associated with transmitted information.

*Information length: 16 bits.

*The PID value on a FACH is designated togettler with its transmitted iriformation. The PID value transrnitted over the RACH is notified along witr: the transmitted information.

*Uses: The major uses of the PID are as follows.
(i) For sendina a request for establishing the SDCCH, and for seriding an establishment response.

The PID is used for sending from a mobile station to the ETS through the RACH a request for establishirlg the SDCCH, and from the BTS to the mobile station through the FACH an establishmen-:~
response. The PID ori the FACH that transmits t:ze establishment response is identical to the PID on 25, the RACH that sends the establishment request. The PID value for this purpose is randomly selected by the mobile station.

( ii ) For carrying out pac'.~':et transmission.

The PID is useci for the packet data transmission on the RACH and FArH. The PID value for this purpose is detarmined by the base station that selects a unique value for each sector.

*A range of the PID value: A range over 16 bits is divided into two parts which are used for the foregoing purposes. Table 10 shows an example of the ranges for the uses.

*Bit structure: PID values (0 - 65535) are represented by the la-bit binary notation. The bits are transmitted from the MSB.

Table 10 Range of PID values.

Uses Range of values SDCCH establishment request 6 3 immediately before SDCCH
establishment and establishment response Packet transmission 04-05535 4.1.2.5.11. Mo.

*Mo is a bit for :.dentifying the mode of the FACH-S.
*An example of its bit structure is shown in Table 11.

Table 11 Bit sftru -,ture- of Mo.

Bit Identification content 0 Normal mode 1 jAck mode 4.1.2.5.1.2. U/C.

*Application: RP.CH-S/L, FACH-S/L and UPCHs of all the symbol rates.

*The U/C bit is an identifier for identifying whether the information conveyed by the CPSSDU
(content provider system service data unit) is user information or control information.

*An example of its bit structure is shown in Table 12.

Table 12 Structure of U/C bit Bit Ideritification content 0 User information 1 Control information 4.1.2.5.13. `PN (;.erminal node information).
*Application: RAC-H-S/L, FACH-S/L and UPCHs of all the symbol rates.

*The TN bit is an identifier for identifying a base station side terminal node of the information conveyed by the CPSSDU.

*An example of- its bit structure is shown in Table ?3.

Table 13 Structure of TN bit Bit Identification content I F.ACH, Reverse UPCH JFACH1 Forward UPCH
0 MCC termi.nation Transmission from MCC
1 ~ BTS termination Transmission from BTS
4.1.2.5.14. Sequence number (S bits).
*Application: RACH

*The sequence number is for achieving highly efficierit assembling of CPS considering retransmission (layer 1 retransmission) over the RACH between the MS and BTS.

*F. range of the sequence number: 0-15.

*A CPS is assembled on the basis of the Sequence number and the CRC check result.

*The sequence number is "0" in the first radio unit of the CPSPDU.

*Figs. 96A and 96F; illustrate a flowchart of an assembling method of CPSPDU of a RACH using the W
bits and S bits.

4.1.2.5.15. PD portion.
*Application: PCH.

*The PD portion includes PD1 and PD2, both of which can be used in the same_manner.

*The PD portion is an identifier for instructing a mobile station abot:.t the presence and absence of i.ncoming call ]'_nformation, and the necessity of receiving the BCCH. Transmitting the PDl and PD2 at different timings enables the mobii_e station to ;-mprove the reception quality owing to the time diversity effect.
*An example of the bit arrangement is shown in Table 14.

Table 14 Bit structure of PD portion.
Bits Identi_fication contents all Os Incoming call information is absent and BCCH reception is unnecessary.

all is Incoming call information is present or BCCH reception is necessary.

4.1.2.5.16. Maximum length of CPSSDU.

*The maximum ~~.~ength of the CPSSDU is LCPS regarc3less of the types of the logical channels. ThQ LCPS is set as one of the systern parameters.

4.1.3. Transmitt4 ng and receiving timings of t'ze base station.

*Figs. 85-88 illustrate concrete examples of the transmitting and receiving timings of radio frames along with lonr coc!e phases for each physical channel, when the chip rate is 4.096 Mcps.

*The BTS gerierates a reference frame timing (BTS
reference SFN) from a transmission path.

*The transmitt-ng and receiving timings of various physical channels are established as timings that are offset from the BTS reference SFN. Table 15 shows the offset values of the radio frame transmittinq and receiving timings of the physical channels.

*The BTS reference long code phase is determined such that the long code phase becomes zero at the first chip of the frame whose timing corresponds to BTS reference SFN=O.

*The long code phase of various physical channels are established at phases that are offset with respect to the BTS reference long code phase. The of-Ifset values of the long code phases of the physical channels are also shown iri Table 15.

Table 15 Offset values (in terms of chips) of Transmitting and receiving timings of physical channels.

Physical Transmitting arld Long code phases channels receiv~ng t-.m.ings of radio frames Perch channel TSF,r TsECr Forward COI1lITlon T<;eC-=.. "sECT
contr~~l p hysical Fcrward Tsecr ? TFkAMe+Ist.crr 7 sFCr dedicate,a physical c'rLarine 1 ( dur ing non-DHO) Forward TsEcT ~ TDHO,'~ 320XC` Tsecr dedicated phys cal cliarznel (during DHO) Reverse common (I) T,;ECr"T rcccji (1) Tsecr+'TcccH
control physical channel (RACH) (2) TsECr TCCCH +2560XC (2) TsECr +TcccH + 2560XC
(3) TsEC,r+ TcccH+ 5120XC (3) Tsecr+TcccH+51?OXC
(16) Tsec r~ Tc<;cH +7680XC (16) Tsec7+TcccH +7680XC
Reverse Tsccr"-IFUAME+J'sLoT+320XC rsEcr dedicated physical channel (during nori-DHO ) Reverse TsEC3 +TDHO TSECT+TDHO TFRAME TSI.OT 32OXC
dedicated ph_ysical channel (during DHO) *1: <> denotes that TDHO which is represented in terms of chips is round down into a symbol based representation.

*2: 340xC' equals the number of chips corresponding to 1/2 slot. Thus, C tias different values depending on ch,ip rates: C= 1, 4, 8, 16 for chip rates =
1.024, 4.096, 8.192 and 16.384 Mcps, respectively.

*Although the physical criannels other than the perch channel are not. provided with the SFN, all the phvsical channels consider the frame number (FN) corresponding to the SFN of the perch channel. The FN, which is not present physically in a transmit.ted signal, is generated in a mobile station and the base station for respective physical channels in accordance with the predetermined correspondence with the SFN of the perch channel. The correspondence between the SFN and FN are also shown in Figs. 85-88.

* The o f f s et values T`;ECT, TDxo, TCCCH, TFRAME and 'I'sLOT
will be described ner e .

TSECT
*Offset values TsEC'Ts vary from sector to sector.
(Although they are synchronized between sectors within the base station, they are asynchronous between base stations).

*Each TSFCT is app:;_ied to all the physical channels in the sector.

*The range of their values, which are represented in terms of chips, is within a slot interval.
*The long code phases of the forward dedicated physical channels are all aligned with the offset values TSECTS in orcier to reduce the interfering amount due to forward link orthgonalization.

*A mobile station can recognize, if it receives t:he long code mask symbol, the long code phase (corresponding to 'I';;ECp), and hence can carry out transmission and reception using it.

*Varying the offser values TSECTS between the sectors makes it possible to prevent the long code mask symbols from taking place at the same timing, thereby enabling each mobile station to select its cell appropriately.

TCCCH

*Each TrCCH is an offset value for a radio frame timing of the common control phvsical channel.
*It can be set for each common control physical channel.

*This serves t.o reduce the occurrence frequency of the matching of transmission patterns between a pLurality of ccommon control physical channels in the same sector, t.hereby making uniform the forward direction interfering amount.

*The range of its value, which is represented in terms of symbols, is within the slot interval.

Although its value is designated iri terms of chips, the value is round down to a symbol_ unit of the common control physical channel to be used for the offset.

Tppz~M7~

kThe TFF_AI~rE is an cf.fset value for the radio frame timing of the dedicated physical channel.

~It can be set separately for each dedicated physical channel.

*The base station determines the TFRAME at a call setup, and notifies the mobile station of it. The reverse -link transmission is also carried out using this offset value.

*Because all the processings in the base station is carried out ir, synchronism with the offset value, there occurs no delay in the processings.

*It serves for the purpose of making uniform (random) the transmission traffic, thereby improving the efficiency of wire ATM transmission.

*Its value is represented in terms of slots (0.625 ms), and its range is within one radio frame.
TSLOT

*The TsLOT is an offset value for the radio frame timing of the ded~cated physical channel.

*It can be se-_ separately for each dedicated physical channel.

*It serves to prevent the transmission pattern matching, ar~d thereby making the interference uniform.
*The range of its value which is represented in terms of sy:nbo~'~s i:, within the slot interval.
Although its value is designated in terms of chips, the value is round down to a symbol unit of the common control phy.S4 ca1 channel, and the rounded down value is used for the offset.

TDHO

*The TDHO is an offset value for the radio frame timing of the dedicated physical channel and for the reverse link long code phase.

*It corresponds to a measured value by a mobile station of the timing difference between the reverse direction transmitting timing of the mobile station and the received timing by the mobile station of: the perch channel of the DHO destination station.

*The range of its value which is represented in terms of chips is within the reverse long code phase range (0-216-1) *Although in the base station (BTS) the received timings of the re-rerse physical channels approximately agree with those of Table 15, they actually fluctuate owing to propagation delay between the mobile stations and the base station and to the variations of the propagation delays. The base statiori (ETS) receives with canceling these fluctuations by means of buffers or the like.
*The radio fraitie ti.ming of the dedicated physical channel of a reverse link is delayed by half a slot interval as compared with that of a forward link, Thus, the dela=y of the transmission power contro=_ becomes one slot interval, thereby reducing control errors. More spec.ific setting scheme of the timing differences are ilLustrated in Figs. 85-88.

*With regard to the reverse common control physical channel (RACH).

*The radio frame timing of the RACH is offset from that of the corresponding forward common control physical channel. The offset value has four steps at time slot intervals.

*The initial posit.ion of a radio frame is aligned with the initial value of the long code phase.

Thus, the lonex code phase has four offset values, as well.

*A mobile station can transmit by selecting any one of the four offset timings. The BTS can always receive the RACHs simultaneously which are transmitted at al-y the offset timings.

4.1.4. Spreading code.

- 7:' -4.1.4.1. Generating method.
4.1..4.1.1. Forward long code.

*a forward long code consists of the Gold codes using M sequences obtained from the following generator polynomials.

(Shift register 1) X18 + X7 + 1 (Shift register 2) X18 + X10 + X."l + X5 + 1 *A configuratic;n o+' a forward long code generator is shown in Fia. 18.

*The initial state of a lorig code number value is defined as a state in which the value of the shift register 1 represents that long code number, a~id the value of the shift register 2 is set at "all 1s".
Thus, the range of the long code number is 00000h -3FFFFh. The MSB of the long code number is first input to the leftmost bit of the shift register 1 of the generator of Fig. 18.

*The forward long Code has a period of one radic frame interval. Accordingly, the output of the long code generator is truncated at 10 ms so that it repeats the pattern from phase 0 to the phase corresponding to 10 ms. Thus, the range of the phase varies as shown in Table 16 in accordance with the chip rate. Iri addition, as will be described later in 4.1.5.3., the phase of the inphase component of the long code is shifted from that of the quadrature component by an amount of "shift", which makes it possible to differentiate the inphase coinponent from the quadrature component. Table 16 shows the phases of the two components when the shift" is set at 1024.
*The long code generator can implement a state in which its phase is shifted from the initial state by an amount of any integer multiple of a clock per:. -od.
Table 16 Correspondence between chip rates and ranges of the phase of a forward lorlg code.

Chip rates (Mcps) Ranges of t..he phase (chips) ;---- --- - Inphase component Quadrature 1.024 0--10239 1024- ] 1263 ----- -----~.-_ _ ------- 4.096 -_- , 0-- 40959 j 1024 - 41983 8.192 0 8 I 919 l 024 - 82.943 16.384 0 --163839 1024-164863 4.1.4.1.2. Reverse long code.

*A reverse long code is one of the Gold codes using M sequences ohtain.ed from the following generator polynomials.

(Shift register 1) X41 + X3 + 1 (Shift register 2) X41- + X20 + 1 *A configuration of a reverse long code generatcr is shown in Fig. 19.

-The initial state of a_long code number is defined as a state in whict-L the value of the shift register i equals that '-ong code number, and the value of the shift register 2 set at "all 1s". Thus, the range of the long c,ode number is 00000000000h -1FFFFFFFFFFh. The MSB of the long code number is first input to the leftmost bit of the shift register 1 of the generator of Fig. 19.

*The reverse long code has a period of 216 radio frarne intervals (that is, 210 super frame intervals) Accordingly, the cutput of the long code generator is truncated at 216 radio frame intervals so that it repeats the pattern from phase 0 to the phase corresponding to 216 radio frame intervals. Thus, the range of the phase varies as shown in Table 17 in accordance with the chip rate. In addition, as will be described later in 4.1.5.3., the phase of the inphase component of the long code is shifted from that of the quadrature component by an amount 1-10 of "shift". Table 17 shows the phases of the two components when the "shift" is set at 1024.

*The long code gellerator cari implement a state in which its phase is shifted from the initial state by an amount of any integer multiple of the clock period.

Table 17 Correspond.ence between chip rate and ranges of the phase of a reverse link long code.

Chip rates Ranges of the phase (chips) (Mcps) Inpi:ase component Quadrature component 1.024 0 -2X 10240-1 1024 -216X 10240+1023 4.096 0~ X 40960-1 1024 -- X 40960 + 1023 8.192 0 2 X 8[ 920-1 1024 - 2"X 81920 =-1023 16.384 0--2 X163840-1 1024--4.1.4.1.3. Short code.

4.1.4.1.3.1. Short_ code for symbols other than -uhe .Long code mask symbols.

*The following 1_ayered orthogonal code sequences are used for the symbo's of all the physical channels except for the perch channels, and for the symbols other than the long code mask symbols of the perch channels.

*A short code consisting of the layered orthogonal code sequences is designated by a code class number (Class) and a code number (Number). The period of the short code varies for each short code class number.
*Fig. 20 illustrates a generating method of the _ short codes which are each represented as Cciass (Number).

*The period of the short codes equals the period of a symbcl. Therefore, if the chip rate (spread spectrum bandwidth) is the same, the short code period varies in accordance with the symbol rate, and the number of usable short codes also varies in accordance with the symbol rate. The relationshi_ps of the s~,znbol rate with the short code class, short code period and short code number are shown in Table 18.

*The short code nuri.bering system is composed of the code class and code number, which are represented by 4 bits and 12 bits in the binary notation, respectively.

*The short code phase is synchronized with the modulation and demodulation symbols. In other words, the first chip of each symbol corresponds to the short code phase = 0.

_ 77 -CA 02424556 2003-04-17 o~

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m J'O rt OG [ d ~f ~j n N ?
-~--- -- I- ! --~_. - -~~--O
U7 - ~!l ~o r- 00 U\ O
a u U) "1. N N ~ N 1 -~t a a N a ! v - - -- -~- --- ~----- ~i-~---~--o N ^.. jIO N t N
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-~---I
co N ci n ~ 19-4.1.4.1.3.2. Short codes for long code mask symbols.

'Apart from the other symbols, the long code mas't symbols of the perch channels use as their short codes the orthogonal Gold codes using M sequences whic~~_ are obtained from the following generator polynomiais.
~
(Shift register 1) X8 + X + X 3 + X" + 1 (Shift register 2) X8 + X6 + XS + X3 + 1 *Fig. 21 shows a configuration of a short code generator for the .1ong code mask symbols.

*The initial value of the shift register 1 is a short code number VLMS (value range: 0-255) for the long code masl:. symbol. The MSB of the number NLMS is first input in the leftmost bit of the shift register I.

*The initial value of the shift register 2 is "all 1s".

*If "all is" of the shift register 2 is detected, the shift operation is halted and "0" is inserted.
*The first chip of the short code output becomes 0.
*The period of the short code is one symbol interval (256 chips) of the perch channel.

4.1.4.2. Allocation method of spreading codes.
4.1.4.2.1. Forward long code.

*In the system operation, a1l the sectors in a cell share a common single long code number allocated thereto. In the system configuration, different long code numbF,rs can be allocated to respective sectors. The long code number is designated.

~With respect to the forward long codes used in the various forward physical channels which are transmitted in the sector, the same long code nuinber is used by the entire physical channels.

*Concerning the lorlg code phase, see 4.1.3.
4.1.4.2.2. Reverse long code.

*A long code number is allocated to each reverse link physical chanriel. The long code number is designated.

*Dedicated physical channels into which the TCH, ACCH and UPCH are mapped use the reverse link long code allocated to each mobile station. Dedicated physical chanr.els, into which the other logical channels are mapped, and a common physical channel use the reverse lirik long code ailocated to each base station.

*About the long code phases, see 4.1.3.
4.1.4.2.3. Sl-icrt codes 4.1..4.2.3.1. Short codes for physical channels other than the perch channels.

*These short codes are allocated to each forward /reverse link physical channel. The short code numbers are designated. _ In terms of the system configuration, the same short code number is simultaneously usab:':_e in the same sector.
4.1.4.2.3.2. A short code for the perch channel.

*A short code number for symbols on the first perch channel. other than the long code mask symbols is common tiD all the cells, which is Cg(0). (However, any short code designated is usable for the first.
perch channel).
*A short code number for the long code mask symbols of the first perch channel is common to all the cells, which is NLNIS = 1. (However, any short c.:cde riumber NU{1S designated for the long code mask syrribol is usable for the Long code mask symbol of the first perch cha.nnel).

*As a short code n.lmber for long code mask symbol of the second perch ciiannel, one of the short codes that are assigned to the system in advance is used for each sector. The short code numbers of these short codes are stored in the BSC (base station control center) and mobile stations. (However, any short code for the long code mask symbol designated is usable for the second perch channel).

*The short code number for the long code mask s~rmbol of the second perch channel has one to many correspondence wit,_h the forward lorig codes used in the same sector. Examples 6f the correspondence are shown in Table 19. The correspondence is stored in the ESC and mobile stationS. (However, any short code for the lcn(-j code mask symbol and any forward lorlg codes which are desi_qnated for the second perch channel are usable in the same sect.or ).

Table 19 Examples of the correspondence of the short codes for the secorid perch channel with the forward link long codes.

Sviort code numbers NTPC 'Lor long code mask symbols on the Forward long codes second perch channel 2 0 0 0 0 1 h--0 0 0 2 0 h ---------+---------3 0 0 0 2 1 h - 00040h - -- _ - ---- ------ ~---___ -- 4 00041h- 00060h 5 0 0 0 6 1 h - 0008 0h 4.1.5. P. generating method of a spread spectrum modulation signal. 4.1.5.1. Spread spectrum modulation scheme.

Forward/reverse link: QPSK (BPSK is applicable, as well ) .

4_1.5.2. Allocation method of short codes.
*In accordance with the designated short code numbering system (code class number, Class; and code number, Number), the same short code is assigned as the ,nphase short code SCi and the quadrature short cocle SCq. 1n cther words, SCi = SCq = Cclass (Number).

*D;_fferent short ccde numbering systems are assiqned to the forward and reverse links, respectively.
Accordingly, tkie ferward and reverse links can use different short codes.

4.1.5.3. An allocation method of the long codes.
*A long code number LN: Assuming that the outpu--value of the long code generator is GLN(Clock) at the time when the shift registers 1 and 2 of the long code generator are shifted by the clock shift number Clock from the initial value 0 (in which the long code number is set in the shift register 1, and ai1 ls are set in the shift register 2), the inphase output value LCi(PH) and the quadrature output value LCq ( PH) of the lorig code generator at the long code phase PH showri in Figs. 85--88 are as follows for.

both the forward and reverse links.
LC i( PH )= GLN ( PH ) LCq ( PH )= GL,rr ( PH+Shi f t) (= 0, in BPSK) *Abcut the ranges of the inphase and quadrature long code phases, see 4.1.4.1.

4.i.5.4. A generating method of a long code + short code.

Fig. 22 illastr.ates a generating method of an inphase spreading code Ci and a quadrature spreaciing code Cq using a long code and short code.

4.1.5.5. A configuration of a spreader.

Fig. 23 shows a configuration of a spreader for generating the inphase component Si and quadratur.e component Sq oi= a spread si_gnal by spreading the inphase component Di and quadrature component Dq of the transmitted dat:a with the spreading codes Ci and Cq.

4.1.6. Random access control.

*Fig. 24 illus`.rates a random access transmission scheme.

*.A mobile station transmits a RACH at a timing which are randomly d.alayed from the received frame timing of the forward common control channel. The random delay amount is one of the 16 offset timings as show~n in Figs. 85-88. The mobile station randomly selects one of the offset timings each time it sends the RACH.

*One radio frame is transmitted for each transmission of the RACH.

*Detecting the RACH with which the CRC result for each internal encoding unit is correct, the base station transmits, using the ACK mode of the FACH-S, the PID of that RACH in the FACH radio frame following the FACH radio frame that is being transmitted at the detection timing of the RACH.
*The mobile station transmits, after receiving the ACK 'i"or the current radio frame over the ACK mode FACH-S, the next radio frame, in the case where multiple F.ACH radio frames to be transmitted are present.

*The mobile station uses, when one piece of CPS
information to be transmitted consists of a plurality of RACH radio units, the same PID value '~:or all these RACH radio units. In addition, it uses one of the RAC:'H-L and RACH-S, inhibiting mixed use of them for the transmi_ssion of the one piece of the CPS informatiozl.

*The mobile station retransmits the RACH in a case where it cannot receive over the ACK mode FACH-S the PID value of the RACH it transmitted even if TRA
msec has passed af.er the transmission of the RACH.
In this case, it uses the same PID value. The maximum number of retransmissions is NRA (Thus, the same RACH radio unit can be transmitted NRA+1 times at the maximum including the first transmission).
*The ACK mode of tne FACH-S can contain up.to seven PIDs of the RACHs with which the detection result of the CRC is correct.

*If any RACH is present with which the base station detects that the CRC is correct and to which it has not yet sent back the ACK by the time immediatelv before the transrnissiorl of the FACH radio frame, the base station transm.its the ACK, mode FACH-S over the first FACH in the order of received timings of the RACHs with which the CRC is correct. However, those R.ACHs with which TACK insec has elapsed after detecting the correct CRC are excluded from those to be transmitted over the ACK mode FACH-S.

4.1.7. Multicode tr.ansmissian.

-The multicode trarismission is carried out as follows when a designated single RL-ID consists of a plurality of dedicated physical channels (spreading codes), so that the pilot coherent detection and transmission power control are carried out in coramon to all the dedIcated physical channels in the single RL-ID. When a plurality of RL-IDs are assigned to a single mobile station, the pilot coherent detect:ion and transmission p~)wer control are carried out for each RL-ID.

KThe frame timings and long code phases are aligned in all the physical channels in the single RL-ID.
*One or both of the following two transmission methods of the pilot symbols and TPC symbols are used so as to improve the coherent detection characteristics and to reduce the error rate of the TPC' svmbols. -Example 1 (see, Fig. 25) *T:ie pilot symbols and TPC symbol are transmitted througli one of the plurality of dedicated physical channels in the single RL--ID.

*The pilot symbols and TPC symbol are not transmitted througli the other dedicated physical channels.

*The pilot symbols and TPC symbol are transmitted through that one dedicated physical channel at t'ze transmission power a few times greater than the transmission power at which symbols other than the pilot symbols and TPC symbol are transmitted through the dedicated physical channels in the RL-ID.

*The amplitude ratio of the transmission power of the pilot symbo:is and TPC symbol (pilot portion) to tha~:_ of the data symbol section (data portion) has an optimum value in terms of capacity that minimizes Eb/lo. This is because there is a tradeoff between the fact that the channel estimation accuracy is degraded when the amplitude of the pilot portiori is reduced, and the fact that the overhead is increased when the ampli_tude oL the pilot portion is increased.

Fig. 26 illustrates a simulation result of the optimum value estimation of the amplitude ratio of the two transmission powers.

In Fig. 26, the horizontal axis represents the ratio of the amplit!._ide (AP) of the transmitted wave of the pilot portio:z to the amplitude (AD) of the transmitted wave of the data portion, which are designated in Fig. 25 by AP and AD, respectively (in Fig. 25, they are represented as the squares AP2 and AD` of. the amplitudes because the vertical axis cf Fig. 25 represents the transmission power). The vertical axis of Fi.g. 26 represents the required Eb/Io as in Figs. 5 and 6. The required quality is BER = 10-3, and --he multicode number is three.

The simulation result in Fig. 26 shows that the optimum value in terms of capacity is obtained when the amplitude AP is twice the amplitude AD.

Considering this from the viewpoint of the transmission power ratio, the totai transmission power of the data portions of all the physical channels becomes 3AD"' in the case of the three multicode transmission, and the transmission power of the pilot portion becomes AP9 = (2AD)2 = 4AD2.
Thus, the optimum transmission power ratio is obtained when the transmission power of the pilot portion is 4/3 times that of the data portion.

As described above, there is an optimum value of the transmission power ratio between the pilot portion and the dat<< portion, and the optimum value varies depending on the number of the multicodes.
Accordingly, the tr-;insmission power ratio between the pilot portion a-id the data portion is made variable.

*The dedicated physical- channel for transmitting the pilot symbols and TPC symbol are designated.

Example 2 (see, Fig. 27).

*In all the dedicated physical channels irl the single RL-ID, only the pilot symbol and TPC symbol section uses a short code a particular dedicated physical channel u,-es.

*The particular dedicated physical channel is designated.

*The pilot porrions are added in the same phase when they are spread by the same short code, achievinq the same effect as when the transmission is carried out with increased transmission power.

4.1.8. Transmission power control.

Figs. 89-94 show transmission patterns of the respective physical. channels.

4.1.8.1. Percr~. channels.

*The first perch channel is transmitted continuously at designated transmission power PP1 except for the long code mask syrabol contained in each time slot.

*Through the first perch channel, the long code mask symbol contained in each time slot is transmitted at tne transmission power lower than PPl by a designated value Pdown.

*The first perch channel is always transmitted in the above-menti oneci. method regardless of the presence or absence: of the transmission information of the BCCH1 and BCCH2 which are mapped into the first perch channe If the transmission information is not present, an idle pattern (PN

pattern) is transm_tted.

*Through the second perch channel, only the long code mask symb-Dl contained in each time slot is transmitted withou+-.~ transmitting the other symbols.
*The long code mask symbol of the second perch channel is transmitted at the same time as the long code mas}: symbol of the first perch channel. The transmission power is a designated value PP2, which is invariable.

*The values PPI, Pdown and PP2 are determined such that mobile stations located in contiguous sectors can make a sec,tor identification.

4.1.8.2: Forward common control physical channels (FACHs):

*In a radio frame of both the FACH-L and FACH-S, in which no transmission information is present, the transmission is made OFF over the entire period of the radio frame inciuding the pilot symbols.
*A radio frame of tn.e FACH-L, which contains transmission information, is transmitted at a designated transmission power value PFL over the entire period cf tr_e radio frame. The transmission poiver level can be designated for each transmissi.on information, wi-iich means that the transmission power level is variable from radio frame to radio frame, although it is fixed at the transmission power value PFL within each radio frame.

*If one or more of the four FACH-S'es in a radio franie bear trai.zsmission information, only the time slots of the FACH-S'es including the transmission information are transmitted at a designated transmission power level. The transmission power value is designated for each transmission information in "Nornial mode" FACHs, which means that transmission power levels PFS2-PFS4 are variable from FACH-S to FACH-S in the radio frame.

*If all of the four FACH-S'es in a radio frame bear transmission information, the radio frame is transmitted over its entire period. The transmission powel-, however, is variable for each FACH-S.

*The transmission power of the "Ack mode" FACH-S is fixed at a design<3zed transmission power PACK.

*In the time slOt:s af t.he FACH-L or FACH-S that bears transmission information, those at both sides of a sym.bol section for a logical channel are designed such that they trarismit pilot symbols without exception. Accordingly, if a time slot of a FACH that bears transmission information is followed by a time slot of a FACH that does not bear any transmission infora.ation, the latter time slot must send pilot symbols that are adjacent to the former tiine slot. The transmission power level of the pilot symbols is made equal to that of the forme_-time slot.

*If two time sLots of FACHs that bear transmission information ari-a adjacent, the transmission power of the pilot symbols in the second time slot (that is, the pilot symbols adjacent to the ?=irst time slot) is placed at the level equal to the higher transmission power of the two time slots.

*The values PFL, PFS1-PFS4 are determined in accordance with tt_e received SIR of the perch channel :in a rnobile station, which is included in the RACH.

4.I.8.3: Forward common control physical channel (for PCH) *The two PD portions included in each group are always transmitted in all the groups. The transmission power is designated at a transmission power level PPCH.

*GVhen transmitting the PD portion, pilot symbols are cransmitted together with the PD portion of the time slot into which the PD portion is mapped, although the pilot svnbols in the subsequent time slot are not transnlitted.

*The I portion of each group is divided into four time slots (Il--I4), and only I portion of a group that contains incoming call information is transmitted. The I portions of the remaining groups without any incoming call information are not transmitted. The transmission power is designated at a transmission power level PPCH.

*The time slot, into which the T portion of the group including the incoming call information is mapped, is handled such that the pilot symbols are transmitted at both sides of the symbols for the logical channel without exception. Accordingly, if a time slot associated with the I portion of a group including incoming call information is followed by a time slot associated with the I portion of a group that does not bear any incoming call informatior., the latter time slot must send pilot syznbols.

*The PPCH value is determined such that almost all the mobile stations in the sector can receive.

4.1.8.4. Reverse common control physical channels (RACHs) *A reverse common control physical channel is transmitted from a cnobile station only when transmission information takes place. It is transmitted on each radio frame unit basis.

xThe transmission powers PRL and PRS of the RACH--L
and RACH-S are determined by the mobile station in an open-loop system, and are fixed within a radio f. r ame .

*To the final position of the radio frame, pilot symbols are added to be transmitted. The transmission power of the pilot symbols is the sa.me as that of the preceding radio frame.

4.1.8.5. Forward dedicated physical channel.
*The transmission power control of the forward dedicated physical channel is carried out, regardless of the originating or terminating call connection or of the diversity handover, such that the transmission is started at a designated transmission power value PD during the initial set of the forward dedicated physical channel, and the transmission power is incremented at fixed.intex-vals until the communication power level reaches a value PD. After that, the transmission power is further incremented at fixed intervals until the receiving synchronization of the re-~,rerse dedicated physical channel is established (see 5.2.1.2.2., for details). Until the receiving synchronization of:
the reverse deciicated physical channel has been established, and the decoding of the reverse TPC
symbols becomes possible, the transmission is carried out continuously at the fixed transmission power PD.

*The value PD is determined in the same method as that of the FACH.

*When the receiving synchronization of the reverse dedicated physical channel has been established, and the decoding of the reverse TPC synibol becomes possible, high speed closed loop transmission power control is started in accordance with the decoded result of the TPC symbols.

*In the high speed closed loop transmission power control, the transmission power is controlled at. a control step of 1 dB at every time slot interval in accordance with the decoded result of the TPC

symbols. For details of the transmission power control method of the forward dedicated physical cn.annel, see 5.2._:._.1.

4.1.8.6. Reverse dedicated physical channels.

*In an originat.ine:, or terminating call eonnection, a mobile station starts transmission of a reverse dedicated physical channel, after a receiving synchronizatior._ establishing process of the forward dedicated physical channel rneets predetermined conditions. Tlle tr:ansmission power level of the -f:irst time slot at the beginning of the transmission is determined in the open loop system as in the P.AC-H, and the subsequent transmission power level of the time slots is determined by the high speed closed loop transmission power control in accordance with the decoded result of the TPC symbols in the forward dedicated physical channel. For more detailed information, see 5.2.1.1.

*In the diversity handoff, it is not necessary to establish any new reverse dedicated physical channel. The transmission power is controlled from time slot to time slot by the high speed closed loop transmission powei control during the diversity handover. For more detailed information about fi.he transmission power control method of the reverse dedicated physical channel, see 5.2.1.1.

4.1.9. DTX (data transmission equipment) control.
The DTX ccntrol is applied only to the dedicated physical channels.

4.1.9.1. Dedicated physical channels for DTCH and ACC'H.

4.1.9.1.1. Transmission.

*Only in the dedicated physical channels (32 ksps) for voice service, the transmission of symbols for a DTCH is made ON when voice i.nformation is present, and made OFF when no voice information is present.

Examples of the transmission patterns are shown in Fig. 94.

-The pilot symbols and TPC symbol are always transmitted regardless of the presence and absence of the voice iriformation and control information.

*The power rat~o o:: the transmission power (Pon) while the transmission is ON to the transmission power (Poff) while the transmission is OFF meets the transmissiorl ON/OFF ratio of the transmission characteristics of 5.1.1.

*The transmission ON/OFF patterns are identical in all the 16 time slots in a radio frame.

*The DTX control is carried out on a radio frame (10 msec) basis.

*The DTX is not carried out in the dedicated physical channels (equal to or greater than 64 ksps) for data transmission. They are always in a transmission ON state.

*The information for notifying of the pres-ence and absence of the voice information and control information is not transmitted.
4.1.9.1.2. Reception.

- 9? -Table 20 shows methods of making decisions as to whether or. riot the voice information and the control information are present.

Table 20 Methods of deciding the presence and absence oL voice information and control information Information Inf:ormation is Information is ttipe present absent --- -_--~,__ -~._---- - ---~_-._---.- __-_ Voice CRC on a DTCH CRC on a DTCH
information sele(~:tion selection combining unit combining unit basis is correct; basis is or a power ratio incorrect; and a 1of t'ne average power ratio of the received power of average received the pilot and TPC power of the pilot symb_Dls to the and TPC symbols to javerage received the average power of the DTCH received power of synbols is equal the DTCH symbols to or more than is equal to or PpTX dB. less than PDTx dB.

Control CRC on an ACCH CRC on an ACCH
information selection selection combining unit combining unit basis is correct. basis is ,incorrect.
*The average received power of the symbols in Table 20 is the average value of the received power o_ all the associated symbols in the radio frame.

*The value PDTX (dB) is one of the system parameters.

4.1.9.2. Dedicated phvsical charinels for SDCCHs.
*The trarismission of symbols for the SDCCH is made ON when control information to be transmitted is present, and made OF'F when no control information, is present.

*The pilot svmbols and TPC symbol are always transmitted rec;ardl.ess of the presence and absence of the control information.

*The power ratio of the transmission power (Pon) while the transmission is ON to the transmission power (Poff) wllile the transmission is OFF meets the transmission ON/OFF ratio of the transmission characteristics defined in 5.1.1.

*The transmission ON/OFF patterns are identical in all the 16 time slots in a radio frame.

*The DTX control is carried out on a radio frame (10 msec) basis.

*A receiving side carries out the processing in accordance with the CPS-PDU assembling method as illustrated in Figs. 95A and 95B. It is not necessary to make a decision as to whether the control information is present or not.

4.1.9.3. Dedicated physical channels for UPCHs.
*The transmission of symbols for a UPCH is made ON
when control information or user information to be transmitted is present, and made CFF when neither of them is p.resent. -*The BTS has three modes about the pilot symbols and TPC symbol. The modes are designated.

Mode 1.
*The need for --ran:3mission is decided for each radio frame. The transmission of the entire pilot symbols and `I'PC symbol in a radio frame is halted if both the following conditions 1 and 2 are satisfied. The transmission of the entire pilot symbols and TPC

symbol in the radio frame is restarted if the following condition 3 or 4 is detected.

Condition L: f-NDATA or more radio frames have passed after the control information or user information tc be transmitted is completed.

Condition 2: Lncorrect CRC results of received radio frames are continuously detected for FCRC or more radio frames.

Condition 3: Control information or user information to be transmitted takes place.

Condition 4: A correct CRC result of a received radio frame is detected.

*A mobile stat:.ion decides the transmission ON/OFF of t1le pilot symbols and TPC symbol using the presence and absence o.t the control information or user information t(D be transmitted in connection witl.-i the detection result of an out-of-sync.

*When the control information or user information to be transmitted takes place after halting the transmission of the pilot symbols and TPC symbol, radio frames into which an idle pattern is inserted in advance are sent by FIDL frames, followed by the transmissiori of a radio frame into which the control information or user information to be transmitted is inserted. In this case, the pilot symbols and TPC
syrnbol are also trarismitted in the radio frames i_nto which the idle pattern is inserted.
Mode 2.

*In a radio fram.e without the control information or user information, the pilot symbols and TPC symbol are transmitted in part of the slots.

*One or more slots, which transmit the pilot symbols and TPC symbol in r-he radio frame without the control information or user information, are designated by a parameter Pfreq indicating the occurrence frequency of transmission. Table 21 shows the relationships between the parameter Pfreq and the slots that transmit the pilot symbols and TPC symbol.

Table 21 -Relationships between Pfreq and slots that transmit pilot symbols and TPC symbol.

Prrey !Slo`: Nos. that transmit pilot and TPC symhols --_ ---- _ fffL _-_- ----. _--- --- _ 0 All s1ot-.s (slots Nos. 1 16) 1 11,3,5,7,9,11113 and 15 -.___ ~_--- ---- ---- -_ 2 1,5,9 and 13 -~. - - ---- ---3 1 and 9 -- -- ---- ---+- ---. ---- - -No symbols are sent.

5 *The high speed closed loop transmission power control follows only the TPC symbols from the mobile station which are determined in accordance with the pilot symbols and TPC symbols the BTS transmits, and ignores the TPC symbols from the mobile station which are determined in accordance with the pilot symbols and TPC symbols the BTS does not transmit.
Therefore, the transmission power control intervals vary depending on the Pire.- values.

Mode 3 *The pilot symbols and TPC symbol are always transmitted regardless of the presence and abserice cf the coritrol information and user information.
*With regard to the pilot symbols and TPC symbol in the UPCH symbols and in the mode 1, the power ratio of the transmission power (Pon) while the transmission is ON to the transmission power (Poff) while the transmission is OFF meets the transmission ON/OFF ratio of: the transmission characteristics defined in 5.1.1.

*The transmission ON/OFF patterns are identical in all the 16 time slots in a radio frame.

*The DTX control is carried out on a radio frame (10 msec) basis.

*A receiving side always carries out the processing in accordance with the CPS-PDU assembling method as illustrated in Figs. 96A and 96B. It is not necessary to make a decision as to whether the control information or user information is present or not.

4.1.10. A bit transrnission method.

*CRC bits are sent from the higher to lower order bits.

*The TCH is transmitted in the input order.
*The tail bits transmitted are all "Os".
*Dummy bits consist of "1s".

*The dummy bits are included in the CRC encodincl.
*An idle pattern is inserted into the entire CRC:

encoded fields (shadowed portions in Figs. 64A, 64B, 84A and 84B) on a selection combining unit or internal encoding unit basis. These fields include the CRC checkir..g bits, as well. The idle patterri consists of any PN pattern, and the same pattern is used in common to all the internal encoding units or selection combi.ning units of each logical channe=_.
In addition, the icile pattern is arranged such that it causes an incorxect CRC result when no error takes place in the received side.
4.1.11. Paging control.

4.1.11.1. The opex-ation of a base station (BTS).
-Mobile stations are divided into groups in a predetermined manner, and are subject to paging on a group by group basis.

*The BTS carries out the grouping, and designates the corresponding group number using the paging informati_on containing the identification number of a called mobile station. The BTS transmits the paging information using the I portions (11-14) of the PCH of the designated group number.

*The BTS places "all Os" in the two PD portions (PD1 and PD2} in the PCHs of the groups having no.pacting information, and transmits them without transmitting the I portion.

*Being designated to transmit the paging information, the BTS places "all 1s" in the PD1 and PD2 of the PCH associated with the designated group number, and transmits the designated paging information using the I portion of the same PCH.

4.1.11.2. The operation of a_nobile station.

*A mobile station usually receives only the 8-bit PD1. It carries out coherent detection using the pilot symbols (four symbols) immediately previous, to the PD1.

wThe mobile station carries out a majority decision processing (soft decision). It is assumed that a value computed by the processing takes "0" when the PD portion is all Cis i_n a state without degradation in the receiving quality, and takes a positive maximum value when it is all 1s. The following operations are performed in accordance with the processing result and decided threshold values (Ml and M2, where M1>M2) .

(1) If the processing result is equal to or greater than the decision ,.hreshold Ml, the mobile stat.ion makes a decision that paging takes place to any one of the mobile stations of its own group, and receives the I portion of the same PCH.

(2) If the processing result is iess than the decision threshold M2, the mobile station makes a decision that no paging takes place to its own group, and makes the reception OFF until the receiving timing of the PD1 of its own group one super frame later.

(3) If the processing result is equal to or greater than M2 and less trian M1, the mobile station receives the PD2 in the same PCH, and carries out the foregoing ;1) and (2). If the processing result of the PD2 is also equal to or greater than M2 and less than M1, the r-tobile station receives the I

portion of the same PCH.

(4) Receiving the I portion in the foregoing processing (2) or (3), the mobile station makes a decision from the paging information contained in the I portion as to whether the paging to itself takes place or riot.

4.2. Transmission path interface.
4.2.1. Major characteristics.
4.2.1.1. 1.5 Mbps.

Figs. 28A and 28B illustrate the mapping into an ATM cell.

4.2.1.2. 6.3 Mbps.

Figs. 29A and 29B illustrate the mapping into an ATM cell, and Fig. 30 shows a pulse mask.

4.2.2. Protocol.
4.2.2.1. ATM layer.

Codings of the VPI (virtual path identifier), VCI

(virtual channel identifier) and CID (channel identifier) in the ATM layer in the interface between the base station (BS) and the switching center will now be described. Fig. 31 shows the link structure between the BTS and MCC.
(1) Interface specifications.

Channel numbers: Channel numbers are assigned to individual HWYs between the base station and the switching center. The correspondence between the physical HWY interface mounted posi-tions and the channel numbers are fixedly set in advance. The range of the channel numbers is 0-3 for the 1.5M--HTn1Y, and only 0 for 6.3M-HV+TY.

VPI: The VPI value is only "0", and the VPI is not used substantially.

VCI: 256/VPI.
CID: 256/VCI.

(2) ATM connection.

VCI = 64: Used for timing cell. A minimum channel number for each BTS is used. The following VCIs can be set as the VCIs other than those used for super frame phase correction. In connection with this, the AAL types used in the respective VCIs are also shown.

*VCIs for control signals between BTS and MCC: AAL-Type 5.

*VCIs for paging: AAL-Type 5.

*VCIs for transmitted signals between MS and MCC:
AAL-Type 2.

When a pluralit,T of channel numbers are set in the BTS, the VC'Is other than those used for the super fraine phase correction are assignable to ariy channel numbers by any number. The correspondence is established between the VCIs other than those used for the super frame phase correction, and the channel numbers anci VCI values.
(3) Short cell connection.

A method of using the CID value is set.
(4) AAL-Type designation method.

The AAL-Type is designated at the time when a wire channel is established. Table 22 shows an example of the correspondence between the used transmission information types and the AAL-Types, although the correspondence between them'can be set freely.

Table 22: Example of correspondence between wire channel transmission information types and AAL-Types.

Transmissior~. information AAL-Type VCI types types ~

--------------------_-----._---- __-_.__..-- ------__-r-- --------DTCH tranamission 2 information --- ---- ----_-- ----- ---- -- ----- --- - --i ACCH transmiss-Lon 2 4or transmission information signals bet.ween MS and MCC
------------ -`_.-----..------ _ _ ___-_.__~, SDCCH transmission 2 information ----- ---- ---- --------- ---_-1--BCCH1, 2 transmission 5 For contro_-information signals between BTS and MCC
-----. -..-~-- --- -PCH transmission 5 For paging information FACH transmission information (for packet ~ For transmission transmission) signals between RACH transmission MS and MCC
information (for packet transmission) UPCH transmission information Control signa~~_ between BTS 5 For contrcl and MCC signals between VCI types BTS and MC'C

(5) idle cells. .

Fig. 32 shows aii idle cell on an ATM channel. An idle cell accor3inq to ITU-T standard is used.
4.2.2.2. AAL-Type 2 AAL-Type 2 is a protocol of an ATM adaptation layer of a composite cell (AAL type 2) which is transmitted over ar< interface (Super A interface) section between the base station and switching center.

(1) AAL-Type 2 processor.

Figs. 33A and 33B show connecting configuration of AAL-Type 2.

(2) Band assurance control.

In the Super-A section, control for assuring a minimum bandwidth =or each quality class is needed to nleet the quality of service parameters such as a delay and a ceLl loss ratio.

*In AAL-Type 2, the band assurance is carried out which is assigned to each quality class at a short cell level.

*The short cell quality class falls into the fol:Lowirig four classes depending on (a maximum allowable delay time; and a maximum cell loss ratio).

Quality class L(5 ms; 10--4) Quality class 2 (5 ms; 10-7) Quality class 3 (50 ms; 10-4) Quality class 4 (50 ms; 10-7) *The quality class which corresponds to the service offered is designated when a wire channel is established.

*The transmission order of short cells are determined in acco,-_dance with the quality classes, and the required bandwidth is ensured for each quality class. A<:oncrete method for ensuring tl.ze bandwidth will be described in 5.3.5.

*When one unit of transmission information is longer than the maximuni length of the short cell, the transmission inforination is divided into a plurality of short cells to be transmitted. In this case, the plurality of short cells are transmitted continuously using the same VCI. The continuity is ensured only wi-.hin the sante VCI, but not ensured between different VCIs. In other words, a standard cell with anot_her VCI can intervene between the short cells to be transmitted.
4.2.2.3. nA L-- Typ E::= 5 AAL-Type 5 as well as AAL-Type 2 is used as the AAL of ATM ce~~ls transmitted on the Super'A
interface between the base station and switching center. In AAL-Type 5, the SSCOP (Service Specific Connection Oriented Protocol) is supported between the base station a,ad switching center.
(1) P.AL-Type 5 processor.

Figs. 34A and :74B show connecting configuration of AAL-Type 2.

(2) Band assurance control.

In the Super-A section, control for assuring a minimum bandwidth for each quality class is needed to meet the quality of service parameters such FLs a delay and a cell loss ratio. The quality classes are shown below.

*In AAL-Type 5, the band assurance is carried out which is assigned to each quality class at a VC=:
level.

*The quality class falls into the following five classes in accordance with (a maxi_mum allowable delay time; and a maximum cell loss ratio).

Interrupt (0; 0) Highest priority cell.
Qualitv cyass 1 (5 ms; 10-4) Quality class 2 (5 ms; 10-7) Quality c'i.ass 3 (50 ms; 10-4) Quality class 4 (50 ms; 10-7) *The quality class which corresponds to the service offered is des-igriated when a wire channel is established.

*The transmission order of standard cells are determined in accordance with the quality classes, and the required baridwidth is ensured for each quality class. A concrete method for ensuring the bandwidth will be described in 5.3.5.

*The interrupt buffe.r ce~l is giver. the highest priority (with a m-nimum delay, inhibiting discarding) to be output.

41.2.3. Signal format.
4.2.3.1. The ff ormat cf AAL-2.

Fig. 35 illustz-ates the format of AAL-2.
*A start field (one octet).

OSF: Offset field.

.
SN: Sequence rilunber.
P: Parity.

*SC-H (Short cell header: three octets).

CID: Channel dentifier: 0/PADDING; 1/ANP; 2-LI: Payload length.

PPT: CPS-Packet Payload Type: It includes start/continue and end information of the payload.
UUI: CPS-User to User indication.

When one unit of transmission information is divided in a plurality of short cells to be transmitted, the iJUI and the plurality of short cells bearing the divided transmission information to be transmitted are continuously transmitted using the same VCI, for the receiving side to be able to assemble the transn-,ission information.
000/single short cell.

001/top and continued.
010/continued and end.

011/continued and continued.

HEC: Header Error Check (generator polynomial =
X5 + x' + 1).

*SAL (two or three octets).

Fig. 36 shows the format cf the SAL.

Table 23 shows a specifying method of SAL fields.
Table 24 shows the presence and absence of the uses of the SAL third octet.

Table 25 shows a specifying conditions of the SAL
fields.

~abie '3 Field Uses Set values SAT (SAL. ~ype , 00: r~lire forward sy~Tnc ~
type) SAL fie~d :
sta _e is OK.
S-z~,T=1x: LDop Back 01: Wire forward s;rnc cell. (LB) state is NG.

SAT=OY: O-.he.r tran F?0: Return indication that mentic)i~ed above (forward) 11: Return indication (reverse) -~---------- -~ - - - ----- -----.
FN DHO fra_me SAT=Ofl 1 0-63: Frame number alignment ( frame Frame n=ber SAT=01 1-63 : Forward FN
inumber) sliding number.
Sync Radio out-of- sync 1: Out-of-sync state.
detection 10: Sync state.
BER ER 1: Detect degradation.
degradation 0: Normal.
detectian Level "Level i i !1 Detect degradation.
degradation 0: Normal.
detection CRC CRC checking 1: NG. 0: OK.
result SIR Received ~:iR 0 -15: Received SIR
increases with the value RCN (radio Radio char:nel 0-'5 : Radio channel chailnel number sequence number nuniber) RSCN (radio Radio 0-~~-5 : Radio subchannel subchannel subchanne=.- seq-.sence number nunlber) numbe:_ Table 24 The used state of the SAL third octet.
Durincj single During Remarks code multicode c011ununica- communications tions Frame in Both RCN Onlv RCN is radio (radio used.
channel is channel not number_) and divided. RSCN (radio subchannel number) are unus ed. .

Frame in Only RSCN is Both RCN and radio used. RSCN are used.
channel is divided.
*The division of the radio channel frame is carried out when 128 kbps or more unrestricted digital service is provided, and 256 ksps or more dedicated physical channel r..s used. The unit of divisiori is the unit, on the basis of which the external encoding at a user information rate of 64 kbps (1B) is carried out. ,:~ee, Figs. 78A-80C.

*All "Os" is filled when unused.

*The multicode transmission is applied only to the DTCH and UPCH. Accordingly, RCN is applied only to the DTCH and UPCH.

U
/ G O 7 ~ C ^ u j v >
`C N V?
[J 'O
_ O I 41 N
u 4~ J C 1 cd N N --I N
=-~ fB
'tJ T r-{

I U
m v ~
~ N N ~ U =~ G
m v ~7 d a O ~ ^ v v >
Q
x i. a N
U O
N N (ll U
U b Q) >
v o ~ C~ N N

_ ~y =o .r{
CS ~ m N ~ U
> v~ >
x u 03 v N (~ rI
.rJ
4_:.
7~
U a~
rC ~ y~ v~
o r m ~ G
+-4 ~ 2 f w > ~ ~ ~ r w ~ m w VI
U1 p ~ o N
o~ ~ U ~D+
U1 -~
~ U p r ~
N tll `~ ~i O
u Q S
~ . . ~ . . . -i `S C~ r rC -~ ~
F~
- 1 1 i -4.%.3.2. Format of AAL-5.

Fig. 37 sho-as a format of an A.AL-5 cell. To the LAST cell, a. PAD arld CPCS--PDU trailer are added.
*PAD (CPCS padding) It is used for adjusting the frame length to become 48 octe`s (all "Os") *CPCS-PDU trailer.

CPCS-UU: C'PCS aser to user indicator. It is used for transpareraly transferring information -ased L0 in a higher layer.

CPI: Common part type indicator. Uses are not yet defined. All "Os" are set at the present.
LENGTH: CPCS-PDU payload length. It indicates a user information length in byte.

CRC: Cyclic redundancy code. It is used for detecting errors of the entire CPCS frame. The generator polynomial = X32 + X26 + X23 + X22 + X16 +
X12 + X11 + X1C + Y8 + X7 + X5 + X4 + X2 + X+ 1.
4.2.3.3. Timing cell.

Figs. 38A and 38B illustrate a signal format of a timing cell that is used for a SFN (System Frame Number) synchronization establishing processing when starting the ETS. Table 26 shows a method of specifying inf_ormation elements in the signal format.

See 5.3.8 for the SFN synchronization establish~-ng method of the BTS using the timing cell.

Table 26 Methoci of specifying timing cell information elements nformation SpecifiE=d contents Specified values elements Channel number 0 Up; 0 `vrCy. VCI for tirning cell 64 Message ID 02h : Timing Report (MCC---BTS) 03tz Timing Report (BTS---MCC) Other values: reserved Correction All "Os"
number Correction A11. "Os"
range Transmission Al7. "0s"
delay JSF time Timing cell received time in Table 27 shc>ws information MCC. It indicates the time the (received, in a super frame. correspondence MCC-SIM side) Resolut:ion is 125 ~tsec. between bits and I I ti.mes.
SF time TTizning ceil transmitted time information in MCC. It indicates the (transmitted, tizne i_r, a super frame.
MCC-SIM side) Re:solution is 125 FLsec.
SF time Al1 "Os" (this uinformation information elJment is not seci in the (received, BTS present system).
side) S= time Tizning cell transmitted time Table 27 shows information in BTS. It irzdicates t:,e the (transmitted, time in a super frame. corresponde:nce B'?'S side) Resolution is 125 secy. between bits and times.
SF phase shift All "0::" (this information value element is not used in the present systein).

L(-' counter The posi~iion of a super The value ranges information frame in a iong code perioai over 0-210 -1, and (received, MCC when the timing cell is is represented side) receiveci in the MCC (See, in binary coding.
] Fig. 39) LC counter The posi ti<;r. of a super in`ormation frame ir. a long code period (transmitted, when thc= timing cell is MCC side) transmit:ted from the MCC
(See, Fi.g.
LC counter All "Os' (this information information elernent is riot used in the (received., BTS present system) side) LC c(Dunter The positio-n of a super The value ranges information frame in a long code period over 0-210-1, and ,transmitted, when the timing cell is is represerit=ed BTS side) received in the BTS (See, in binary Fiq. 39). coding.
LC counter Al:. "Os" (this informatiori shift value element is not used in the present system).
CRC-10 The value of CRC-10 for ATM
ce .l pa=.rload. Generator polynomial: X1 +X9+X5+X4+X+1 , Table 27 Correspondence between SF time information bits and times Bits Times (msec) Oh 0 Ih 0.125 2h 0.250 13FFh 639,875 4.2.4. Clock gerzeration.

Generated clocks (examples) (1) Radio synthesizer reference clock.
(2) 4.096 Mcps chip rat.e) .

(3) 1/0.625 msec:. (radio time slot).
(4) 1/10 msec. (radio frame).

(5) 1/640 msec. (radio super frame; phase 0-63).
(6) 1.544 Mbps, 6.312 Mbps (transmission line clock) .

5. Functional configuration.

5.1. Radio stage, and transmitting and receiving amplifier.

5.1.1. Pilot coherent detection RAKE.

5.1.1.1. Pilot coherent detection RAKE configurat:ion.
(1) RAKE combirier.

Allocate fingers so that sufficient receiving characteristics can be obtained for respective diversity branches (space and inter-sector diversities). The algorithm for assi_gning the fingers to the branches is :iot specified. The diversity combining method is a maximal ratio combining.
(2) Searcher.

A searcher selects paths for RAKE combining from among received branches to achieve optimum receiving characteristics.

(3) A pilot coherent detection channel estimation method.
The coherent: detection is carried out using p:_1ot blocks (consisting of four pilot symbols each) which are received at every 0.625 nts interval.

5.1.1.2. Channel estimation using multi-pilot blocks.
A chanriel estimation method using multiple pilot blocks sandwichirlg a=i information syrribol section w:_ll be described below w-ith reference to Fig. 40.
Example.

*The following is a description of a channel estimation processing of an information section between time -3Tp<:t<-2Tp, which is carried out at time t=0 by averaging three pilot blocks each before and after that information section.

(a) Carrying out QPSK demodulation of pilot blocks P1-P6.

(b) Obtaining average values of inphase and quadrature components of the four pilot symbols in each of the pilot blocks P1-P6.

(c) Multiplying the average values by weighting coefficients al-OC3, and summing them up.

(d) Adopting the obtained result as the channel estimate of the information symbol section (shadowed) between pilot blocks P3 and P4.

5.2. Baseband signal processor.
5.2.1. Transmission power control.

5.2.1.1. Outlirie ot the transmission power control.
( 1_ ) RACH transmiss :.on power control.

The BTS broadcasts over the BCCH the transmission power of the perch channels and the reverse interfering power. A mobile station decides the transmission power o~~ the RACH i.n accordance with the information.

(2) FACH transmission power control.

The F,ACH includes information about the received SIR of the perch channel, which is measured by the mobile station. The BTS decides in accordance with the information the ~iransmission power of the FACH
associated with the P-kCH received, and designates the transinission power level together with the transmission information. The transmission power "-evel is variable at each transmission of the information.

(3) Forward and reverse transmission power contrcl of the dedicated physical channel.

Its initial transmission power is decided in t'ze same manner as the transmission power of the RACH and FACH. After that, the BTS and mobile station proceed to a high speed closed loop control based on the SIR.
In the closed loop c.~ontrol, a receiving side periodically compares the measured value of the received SIR with a.reference SIR, and transmits to the transmitting side the compared result using the TPC bit. The recei-,, ing side carries out relative contr ol of the trans-mission power in accordance with the TPC bit. To meet required receive quality, an outer loop function is provided which updates the reference SIR in response to the receive quality.
With respect to the forward lirik, range control is carried out which sets the upper and lower limits of the transmiasion power level.

(4) Transmissiori po~wer corltrol duririg packet transmission.

The trarlsmissiori power control of the UPCH is carried out in the same manner as (3) above. That of the RACH during the packet transmission is performed as (1) above. With regard to the FACH during the packet transmission, the transmission is always carried out at a transmission level specified by the transmission power range designation. Unlike the (2) above, the transmission power level is not varied every time the information is transmitted.

5.2.1.2. SIR based high speed closed loop transmission power control.

(1) Basic operatior..

The BTS (or mobil_e station) measures the received SIR every transmission power control interval (0.625 ms), sets the TPC bit at "0" when the measured value is greater than the reference SIR and at "1" when it is lower than that, and transmits the TPC bit to the mobile station ;or BTS) in two consecutive bits.

The mobile station (or BTS) makes a soft decision of the TPC bit, decreases the transmission power by :1 dB
when the decision result is "0", and increases it by i dB when the decision result is "1". The changing timing of the transmission power is immediately before the pilot block. The maximum transmission power is designated in the reverse link, and the maximum transmission power and minimum transmission power are designated in the forward link, so that the control is carried otit in these rariges (see, Figs. 41A and 41:B ).

if the TPC cannot be received because of the out-of-sync, the transmission power level is fixed.

::2) Forward/reverse frame timings.

Frame timings of the forward and reverse channels are determined such that the positions of the pilot symbols of the two channels are shifted by 1/2 tim.e slot, thereby implementing the transmission power control with one slot control delay (see, Fig. 42).
(3) Initial operation.

Fig. 43 shows a method of shifting from the initial state to the closed loop control.

First, the forward transmission power control will be described first with reference to Fig. 43(A).

*The BTS carries out: transmission in a fixed transmission power control pattern until it can receive the TPC bit based on the forward SIR meastired result. This is the initial operation.

xThe initial operation carries out transmission according to a control pattern that will increase the transmission power step by step. The initial operation is divideci into two stages.

(a) The BTS, as the first transmission power increasing process, increases the transmission power at every predetermined interval, in the predetermined number of consecutive times, and by a predetermined magnitude. At the end of the first transmission power increasing process, the transmission power is set at the designated initial transmission power level.

These values are preset. The purpose of the first transmission power increasing process is to avoid a sharp increase of interfering power to other mobile stations, which wi_11 be caused by sudden transmission at large transmission power.

The predetermined values are set in such a mann.er that the transmissio:i power is increased step by step so that other mobile stations can follow by the transmission power control the variations in the interfering power magnitude. In this case, the TPC

bit sequence transmitted over the forward channel is such a fixed pat.terr: (for example, 011011011...) that increases the transmission power of the mobile station stepwise. The pattern is set in advance.

If the synchronization of the reverse dedicated physical channe-_ is established during the first transmission power increasing process, the process is halted, and the higli speed closed loop transmission power control is started in accordance with the received TPC bi~~t from the mobile station.

(b) The ETS increases, as the second transmission power increasing process, the transmission power at every predetermirled interval by a predetermined magn'i-tude until the reverse frame alignment is established. These predeterrnined values are specified apart froin those of the foregoing (a) . The purpose of the second transr,tissi.on power increasing process is to ensure the establishment of the forward radio frame alignment by increasing step by step the transmissi_on power ever_ in the case where the initially set transmission power level is insufficient for the mobile station to establish the forward radio frame alignment. The predetermined interval of this process is rather long of about one to a few seconds. The pattern of the forward transmission power control is variable i_n accordance with the interfering amount or the like.

c) Establishing the forward frame alignment, the mobile statiori starts the relative control of the transmission power in accordance with the TPC bits received from the BTS using the transmission power determined in the open loop control as the initial value. In this case, the 'I'PC bits to be transmitted through the reverse channel are determined on the basis of the measured values of the forward SIR (see, Fig. 43(B)).

(d) Establishirlg the reverse frame alignment, the ETS
carries out the relative control of the transmission power in accordance with the TPC bits received from the mobile stat_on.

*The BTS can change the fixed TPC pattern mentioned above depending on the interfering amount over the entire cell.
*Although trie mobile station carries out the foregoing reverse transmission power control in accordance with the fixed TPC bit patterri from the base station, it can perform similar transmission power control using a fixed control patterr that is preset in the mobile station. In this case, the pattern is invariable.
xAlthough the ini_tial value of the reverse transmission power which is sent from the mobile station is determineci in the open loop control, an initial value sent from the base station can be used instead. In this arrangement, because the base station can determine it, a more optimal initial value can be set.

(4) SIR measurement method.

Requireinents for the SIR measurement are:
*That the transmission power control with one slot control delay can be implemented as described above (2).

*That high SIR measurement accuracy can be achieved.
Examples of the measurements are shown below.

(A) Measurement. of received signal power (S).

(a) The measurement of the received signal power S is carried out at every slot interval (transmission power update interval) using pilot symbols after RAKE
combining.

(b) The received signal power S equals the amplitude square sum of tl_e average values of the absolute values of the inphase and quadrature components of a plurality of symbols.

(B) Measurement of interfering signal power (I) (a) Average sigizal power is obtained of the pilot s a ols and overhead s~=mbol in a pilot block after the FAKE combining.

(b) The reference signal point for the individual pilot symbols is obtained by carrying out the QPSK
demodulation (quadrant detection) of the pilot symbols using the root of the foregoing average signal power.
(c) The mean square is obtained of the distances between the received points and the reference signal point of the pilo` sy-mbols in the pilot block.

(d) The interfering signal power is obtained by calculating the moving average of the mean squares over M frames, where M is 1-100, for example.
5.2.1.3. Outer loor~.

The BTS and MCC have an outer loop function of updating the reference SIR of the high speed closed loop transmission power control in accordance with quality information to meet the required receive quality (average FER or average BER). The MCC
performs during the DHO the outer loop control in response to the qua.Lity after the selection combining.

(1) An update method of the reference SIR.
The initial value of the reference SIR is designated.. The subsequent reference SIR is updaced on the basis of measured results of the receive quality. Both the MCC and BTS can determine the update of the reference SIR. The following is an e.Kample of a concrete method.

1) Designating the start of the quality monitorin(j.
ii) Carrying out the designated quality monitoring continuousl_v, an(i reporting the results of the monitoring.

iii) According to t11e quality monitoring results reported, a decision is made whether the update of the re*erence SIR is to be nlade or not. Tf the update is decided, the reference SIR is set and its update is designated.

5.2.1.4. The transmission power control during the inter-sector diversity har_dover.

During the inter-sector diversity handover, the measurement of the received SIR and the demodulation of the TPC bits are carried out with both the forward and reverse links after the inter-sector maximal ratio combining. T,nlith regard to the forward TPC bits, the same value is transraitt.ed from a plurality of sectors.
Thus, the transmiss:on power control. is carried out in the same manner as -:_n the case where no diversity handover is perrormed.

5.2.1.5. The transmission power control during the inter-cell diversitv handover.

(1) Reverse transmission power control (see, Fig.
44).

(a) BTS operation.

Each BTS measures the reverse received SIR as in t1ie case where no diversity handover i.s performed, and transmits to the mobile station the TPC bits determined in accordance with the measured result.

(b; Mobile station c:peratiori.

The mobile station receives the TPC bits from each BTS independentl11 (with carrying out the inter-sect:or diversity). At the :same time, the mobile station measures the reliability (received SIR) of the TPC

bits of each BTS. If any one of the results of the soft majority decision about the TPC bits that meet a predetermined reliability includes "0", the transmission power i's reduced by 1 dB, If all the results are "1", the transmission power is increased by 1 dB.

(2) Forward transmission power control (see, Fig.
45).

(a) BTS operation.

Each BTS control:a the transmission power in accordance with the received TPC bits as in the case where no diversity handover is performed. If the TPC
bit cannot be received because of the out-of-sync of the reverse link, the transmission power level is fixed.
(b) Mobile station operation.

The mobile station measures the received SIR after the site diversity c-ombining, and transmits to each BTS the TPC bits which are determined in accordance with the measured results.

5.2.2. Synchronz_zat'-on establi_shing processing.
5.2.2.1. At the star: up of the mobile station.
(ai Each sector sends the perch chanrlel that masks part of the long code. At the start up, the mobile station establishes ~-he perch channel synchronization by carrying out the sector selection using a three step initial synchronization method oi the long code.
(b) Each perch channel broadcasts its own sector number and the long codes of the peripheral cells.
The mobile station establishes on the basis of the broadcast inform.ation the perch channel synchronization of the remaining sectors in the same cell and ot the sectors in the peripheral cells, and measures the received levels of the perch channels.
,nihile the mobile station is standing by, the mobile station makes comparison between the received levels of the perch channels of respective sectors described above to judge whether the mobile station has shifted the sector or not.

5.2.2.2. At random access reception.

The mobile station transmits a RACH when carrying out a location registration, or an originating or terminating call. The BTS establishes the synchronization of the RACH transmitted at a plurality of frame offsets, and receives it.

As shown in Figs. 85-88B, the RACH synchronization can be established so that the reception processing of als. the RACH-Ls and %.ACH-S' es that are transmitted at the four offset ~imings per 10 msec. can be comple--ed within 0.625 mse.c. '?he reception processing includes deinterleaving, Viterbi decoding and CRC decoding, besides the capability of making a decision as to whether the transmission of Ack is required or not.
'I'he BTS measures the propagation delay time due to traveling between the mobile station and the BTS, usirig the delay time of the RACH received ti-ming with respect to a predetermined timing.

5.2.2.3. At establishing synchronization of the dedicated physical channel (see, Figs. 87A and 87B).
The outline of tl-ie synchronization establishing procedure of the SDC'CH and TCH will now be described.
Figs. 46A and 46B illustrate a detailed flow of the synchronization establishing processing.

(a) The BTS starts transmission of a forward charinel.
(b) The mobile station establishes the synchronization af a forward channel on the basis of the synchroniza--ion information of the perch channel, and a frame offset group and a slot offset group which are noticed from the network.

(c) The mobile station starts transmission of a reverse channel at the same frame t~~~;ming as the forward channel.

(d) The BTS establ~shes the reverse channel synchronization on the basis of the frame offset group and slot offset group which are designated by the MCC.

In this case, the actual synchronization timings are shifted by the propagation delay time taken to make a round trip between tr;e mobile station and the BTS.
Thus, the propagation delay time measured at the randoirt access recept:_on can be utilized to reduce the search range for establishing the synchronization.
5.2.2.4. At the inte.r-ce11 diversity handover.

With regard to the reverse dedicated physical channel transmitted by the mobile station, and the forward dedicated physical channel transmitted by the BTS which originates the diversity handover, the radio frame number and long code are continuously counted up as usual even at the beginning of the diversity handover, and are not changed abruptly. The continuity of user information conveyed is fully guaranteed, and hence no instantaneous interruption takes place.

The outline of the synchronization establishing procedure at the start of the diversity handover viill be described with reference to Figs. 88A and 88B.

(a) The mobile station measures the frame time difference between the same number radio frames that the mobile station is trarisrnitting through the reverse dedicated physical channel and the handover destination BTS is transmitting through the perch channel, and reports the measured results to the network. The measured results are obtained as the time difference of the frame timing of the reverse dedicated physica.l channel from the frame timing of the perch charinel. They are represented in terms of chips, and take a positive value ranging from zero to "reverse long code period -- 1" chips.

(b) The mobile stat~.on reports, over the ACCH of the reverse dedicated ph,rsical channel, the measured results of the frame time difference in the form of a layer 3 signal to th~ BSC through the diversity handover originating BTS.

{c) The BSC notifies using the layer 3 signal the diversity handover d:stination BTS of the measured results of the frarne time diffe.rerlce along with the frame offset and the slot offset which are set at the incoming or outgoina call connection.

(d) The handover destination BTS, receiving the notification of the measured results of the frame time difference, frame offset and slot offset, starts the transmission of the forward dedicated physical channel using the received a.nformation, and starts the synchronization establishing processing of the reverse dedicated physical c:~hannel the mobile station is transmitting. Abou~:. the transmission timing of the forward dedicated physical channel, and the synchronization establ.ishing method of the reverse dedicated physical channel, refer to 4.1.3.

5.2.2.5. Synchronization of perch channels of other sectors in the same cell.

Each sector in the same cell transmits the perch cnannel which is spread using the same long code and the same short code, with keeping the phase difference specified by the system. The mobile station receives broadcast information from waiting sectors after completing the initial synchronization. The broadcast information includes the sector number of its own and the number of sectors in the same cell. The mobile station identifies the long code phases of the other sectors in the same cell, and establishes the perch channel synchronization.

5.2.2.6. A method of decidirlg the synchronization establishment of dedicated channels.

(a) Chip synchronization.

The BTS knows th~:~ reverse long code phase of the channel to be received. The BTS carries out path search, and RAKE reception of the paths with high correlation detection values. If the transmission characteristics described at 5.1.2. are satisfied, the ~KE reception is readily possible.
(b) Frame alignment.

Since the long code phase has one-to-one correspondence with the frame timing, the search for the frame timing is not needed principally. It is enough to check the frame alignment at the frame timing correspondinc_, to the long code phase after the chip synchronization has been established. The decision condition of the frame alignment establishment of the BTS for the dedicated physical channel is that the radio frames whose sync words each include Nb or less u:unatched bits coritinue for SR
frames or more.

(c) Super frame alignment.

Since the dedicated physical channel does not include any bit indicating the FN, the frame numbe_-- is tacitly decided to establish the super frame alignment.

As to the reverse dedicated physical channel, the frame number is set such that the frame number becomes zerc at the timing lagged behind the timing at which the reverse long code phase is zero by an amount of the frame offset + slot offset as shown in Figs. 87A
and 87B. This relationship between the long code phase and the frame number is maintained until the radio channel is released, even if the diversity nandover is repeateci after the incoming or outgoing call connection.

As to the forward dedicated physical channel, the frame number is determined such that the radio frELne whose timing is shifted by a predetermined time period from the perch channel frame timing is provided with a frame number equal ~-o the SFN of the perch channel, modui.o 64. The predetermined time period equals frame offset + slot offset during the incoming or outgoing call connection as illustrated in Figs. 87A and 87B.
During the diversity handover, it equals the measured value of the frame time difference - 1/2 slot where oc is an omitted value for expressing the measured value of the frame time difference - 1/2 slot in terms of a symbol unit.

(2) Resynchronization.

The present system does not possess any special resynchronizatiori establishing processing procedure because the optimum path search by the searcher is equivalent to car_rying out continuous resynchronization.
(3) An out-of-phase decision method.

A out-of-phase decision method of the BTS in the radio section for the dedicated physical channel will now be described. The following two conditions are Itlonitored.

Condition 1: Whether or not the riumber of unmatched bits in a sync word is equal to or less than Nb.

Condition 2: Whether or not the CRC on the DTCH
selection combiriing unit basis or on the UPCH internal encoding unit basis is correct.

If the radio -'rames that satisfy neither of the two conditions continue for SF frames or more, a decision is made that the ou*.-i-of-sync state takes place, where SF is the number of forward synchronization guarding stages.

If the radio frames that satisfy at least one of the two conditions continue for SR frames or more in the out-of-sync state, a decision is made that the s,rnchronous state takes place, where SR is the nurc~>er of reverse synchronization guarding stages.

5.2.4. Handover control.

5.2.4.1. Inter-sectc:r diversity handover in the same ce1_l.

It is assumed that the number of sectors involved in the inter-sec--or diversity handover in the same cell is three at the maximum.

(1) Reverse link.

*The maximal ratio combining is carried out for the entire syinbols cf the physical channel in the same manrier as the space diversity of the received signals from a plurality of sector antennas.

*The forward transmission power control is carried out using the TPC symbo?s after the maximal ratio combining.

*The reverse transm-Pssion power control is carried out using the receive quality after the maximal ratio combining. That is, the forward TPC' symbols are set using the receive quality after the maximal ratio combining.

*As for the wire transmission, the link establishment and trarisniissicn are carried out in the same manner as when the diversity handover is not being performed.

(2) Forward link.

With regard to each symbol on the physical channel, the same symbol is transmitted from the plurality of the sector antennas. The transmission timing coritrol is carried out in the same manner as the inter-cell diversity handover (see 4.1.3. for more details).

*Fs for the wire trarismission, the link establishment and transmission are carried out in the same manne:_ as when the diversity handover is not being performed.

5.2.4.2. Inter-cell diversity handover.

*The transmitted and received signal processings of both the forward and reverse links during the inter-cely diversity handover are carried out in the same i0 manner as when the diversity handover is not being performed.

5.2.5. Packet transmission control.
5.2.5.1. Applications.

The packet transmission control is applied to ---he following services.

*TCP/IP packet service.

*Modem (RS--232 serial data transmission) service.
5.2.5.2. (Dutlirie.

The purpose is to transmit data of various traffic characteristics frort low density light traffic to high density heavy traffic with efficiently utilizing radio resources and facility resources. Major features will be descri.bed below.

(1) Switching :)f pnysical channels in use in accordance with transmission functions such as traffic.

To make effective use of the radio resources and facility x.esources without degradation in the quality of service, the physical channels (logical channels) are switched as needed in accordance with the transmission funct.ionts like time var,=ring traffic volume.

During light traffic: common control physical channels (FACH and RACH).

During heavy tra'".fic: dedicated physical chanrlels ( UPCH ) (2) Switching control of the physical channels between the MS and ETS.

The switching control between the physical channels are carried out frequently. If the switching control involves the wir-e transmission control, this will lead not only t~ an increase of a wire transmission coritrol load, the wire transmission cost and the control load of the BSC and MSC, but also to an increase in the switching control delay, resulting in the degradation in the quality of service. To avoid this, the switching control must be carried out only between the MS and BTS, thereby obviating the wire transmission control and BSC and MSC control involved in the switching control.

(3) Inter-cell high speed HHO (hard handover).

At least wh~1e using the common control physical channel, the diversity handover is impossible because the transmitting and receiving timings cannot be set freely as in the dedicated physical channel.

In addition, if the normal DHO is applied to --he dedicated physical channels during the switching control of t.he physic:al channels, it is necessary :=or the switching control between the dedicated physical channels to cont.-ol F-.1 plurality of BTS'es, which will increase the control 'oad and degrade the quality of service because of ari increase in the control delav.
For this reason, hard handover (HHO) is employed as a scheme in the packet transmission under the condition that the HHO is carried out at a high frequency to avoid an increase in the interfering power due to handover.

Since the HHO is carried out at a high frequency, if the HHO processing involves the wire transmission control, this will lead not only to an increase of: a wire transmission control load, that of the wire transmission cost and that of the control load of the BSC and MSC, but also to an increase in the HHO
control delay, resu~.+.ting in the degradation in the quality of service. To avoid this, the wire section uses the diversity handover, and only the radio section employs the HHO. In addition, the HHO control is carried out only between the MS and BTS, thereby obviating the wire :ransmission control and BSC and MSC control involved in the HHO control.

5.2.5.3. Inter-cell handover control.

*An inter-cell handover processing procedure will now be described with reference to the processing sequence of Fig. 47.

1) As in the nor.mal DHO, the mobile station selects sectors that meet the diversity handover start conditions in accordance with the perch channel received levels of the peripheral sectors, and reports them to the BSC via the BTS.

(2) The BSC establishes a wire channel link with the diversity handover destination BTS so that a plurality of links are connected to the DHT, and the wire section is brought into a DHO state.

(3) The mobile station continuously measures for each BTS the propagation loss between the BTS and MS using the perch channel received level of the present location sector and the perch channel received levels of other sectors involved in the handover, and compares the measured propagation losses. If the propagation loss of one of the other sectors invo~ved in the handover becomes less than that of the present location sector, and their difference exceeds a predetermined value, the start of the hard handover is decided. Thus, the mobile station first sends to the present Iocation sector a request for halting the transmission and reception of the packet data.
(4) Sending a response signal back to the mobile station, the BTS in the sector in which the mobile station is located 'nalts the transmission and reception of the packet data over the radio section, and releases the radio link. The wire link which has been established, however, is unchanged.

(5) Receivina the response signal from the BTS in. the currerit location sector, the mobile station releases the radio channel between them, and transmits over the R.ACH a trar:smitting and receiving request signal of the packet data to the BTS in the handover destination sector. This signal is trarlsmitted through the physical channel (common control physical channel or dedicated physical channel) which was used by the handover originating BTS.

(6) The handover destination BTS establishes a physical channel. that is to be set for the packet data -.ransmission in accordance with the received RACH
signal that includes infoi-nation abcut the physical channel (common control physical channel or dedicated physical channe=i.) used by the handover originating BTS. Although the wire link set-up is not changed in any way, the connectiorl between the wire link and radio link is designated.

*The sequence of the processing is the same regarddless of the physical channel (common control physical channel or dedicate(d physical channel) in use. Only, in establishing/releasing the radio link, the physical channel establishing/releasing processing is required with the dedicated physical channel but not with the common control physical channel.
5.2.5.4. Inter-sector handover control.

Figs. 48-51 shows examples of the connection configuration during the inter-sector handover.

With regard to the dedicated physical channel (UPCH), since the in--er--sector DHO is controllable independently of the ETS, the irlter-sector DHO that uses the maximal ratio combining is carried out for both the -L"'orward and reverse links in the packet transmission as in t:ne circuit switching mode.

nlith regard to the common coritroi physical channel (FACH and RACH), since the transmitting and receiving timings cannot be set freely, the maximal ratio combining is impossible for both the forward and reverse links. For this reason, the switching corLtrol is carried out i_n the BTS and mobile station such that the transmissiori and reception are carried out with only one sector in accordance with the propagatiori loss of the perch channel. The switching control method is the same as the inter-ceil handover processing as shown in Fig. 47.

5.2.5.5. Switcliing control of the physical channels.
(1) Switching decision node.

2C The BTS that covers the location sector of the mobile station makes a decision of the switching on the basis of the foLlowing factors.

(2) Factors for mak.ing a switching decision.
The followirig factors are available, and the factors to be used are selectable. The factors 1 and 2 become availabwe when the report of the information about the factors is started.

Factor 1: -Ln-band information (information about the physical channel which is desired to be used) fed from the ADP of the MCC and the ADP of the MS.

Factor ~. Monitcring of the forward/reverse traffic volume by the B`I'S.

Factor 3: A layer 3 signal that requires from the MS to the BTS switching of the channel to be used.

(3) A switching decision method.

A decision of switching is made by comparing the information reported by the factors of the foregoing section (2) with predetermined thresholds.

(4) A switching control method.

-Figs. 52 and 53 illustrate switching sequences.

For example, wheii the mobile station (MS) and the base station (BTS) is communicating through a common control physical, charinel (Fig. 52), the BTS makes the switching decision if any one of the foregoing switching decision factors takes place. When mak:_ng a switching as a resu:.t of the decision, the BTS
instructs through the FACH the MS to establish a dedicated physical channel, and establishes the designated dedicated physical channel between the MS.
Then, the BTS changes the connectiori of the wire link and radio link with the MS from the common control physical channel to the dedicated physical channel.

Subsequently, the BTS communicates over the dedicated physical channel which has been established.

On the other hand, when the mobile station (MS) and the base station (ETS) is communicating through a dedicated physical channel (Fig. 53), the BTS makes a decision of the switching to a common control physical charinel. When a swi t.ching to the conunon control phvsical channel is required, the BTS instructs through the UPCH the MS to release the dedicated physica.l channel which is being used.

Receiving the instruction to release the dedicated physical channel, ti:e MS makes a response to that, and releases tihe dedicated physical charinel which is being used. Then, the MS starts the FACH reception of the common physical channel.

Receiving the response, the BTS releases the dedicated physical channel which is used between :it and the MS, and changes the connection of the wire link and radio li.nk with the MS. Subsequently, t:Iie BTS communicates over the common control physical channel which has been established.

*The switching control is processed only in the radio section between the mobile station and the BTS, without irivolvi.ng BSC and wire section at all.
Since the switching control is based only on the decision the base station makes, and does not involve any switching control of the wire section (between the base station ar_d the control- center (BSC), for example), it is possible to reduce the load of the switching control, and to speed up the switching control.

*The controi signal- between the mobile station and the BTS is a layer 3 signal, and is processed by the ETS.
In this case, the BTS must change the connection between the wire link and radio link in accordancE' with the instructions as described before.

5.3. Transmission path interface.

5.3.1. Physical interface terminating function.
*Electric level intE:rface.

*Cell level interface.

a) Generation/termination of transmission frames.
Mapping ATM cells ?..ising a 6.3M/1.5M transmission path based on the PDH (plesiochronous digital hierarchy).

The ATM cells are transmitted at 6.3 M using TS1-TS96 without using TS97 and TS98, and at 1.5 M using all the TS1-TS24. Ln this case, although it is unnecessary to recognize the delimiter between the 53 bytes of the AT-M ceLls, the delimiters between time slots and between cctets of the ATM cells are transmitted in conjunction with the boundary.

Gn the rece-ving side, the ATM cells are extracted from the TS1-TS96 with ignoring the data of the TS97 and TS98, at 6.3 M. At 1.5 M, the ATM cells are extracted from the TS1-TS24.

b) Cell synchronization establishment.

1) First, to identify the cell boundary, using EL fact that the delimiter of each octet is instructed from the physical channF:l before the cell synchronization, the header error ccn.trol code on every four octet basis is calculai-ed by the generator polynomial X~ + X
4 ;+ L with shift.inc:J every one octet, until its result beccmes equal to the inod 2 value of the fifth octet value minus "01010101".

2) Once a position is detected at which the HEC
(Header Error Correction) value equals the calculation result, a pre-synchronization state is started assuming the position as the header position.

3) Subsequently, it is assumed that the header position takes place every one cell (53 bytes) interval, and the HECs are checked at the intervals.
Thus, if six consecutive HECs are found to be correct, the synchronization state is started.

4) The HEC check operation is continued at every one cell intervai ir, the synchronization state to moni.tor the state. Even if HEC errors are detected, if the consecutive number of_ the HEC errors is less than seven, the synchronization state is maintained because of the synchronizat-ion guarding. A.n out-of-sync state is decided if seven consecutive HEC errors take place, and the control is returned to the state of 1) for resynchronization.

c) Cell rate adjustment.

When the ATM cell rate of the ATM layer differs from the transmission path rate as in the case where no cell is present to be sent on the transmission path, the physical interface inserts idle cells for adjusting the cell rate and for matching the two rcltes .

Since the idle ce'.l has a fixed pattern, its header can be iden tifieG by "00000000 00000000 00000000 00000001 01010010". Its pattern in the informatiori field consists of: itt1r_ative sequences of "01101010"
(see, Fig. 32).

The idle cell. is used only for cell synchronization on the receiver side, without any other role.

*Cell level scrambling (applied only to 6.3 M).

1) Only information field bits are made random by the generator polynomial X43 + 1 at the cell level.

2) Descrambling is halted in the hunting state of the cell synchronization.

3) The descrambling operates over the bits equal to the information field length in the pre-synchroniz.ed state and in thE: synchronization established state, and halts during the period assumed to be the next:
neader.

4) This function can be enabled or disabled by a hard switch.

5.3.2. ATM terminating function.
*ATM cell,VPI/VCI identification.

ATM cells have different VCI/VPI for each application or for each user, and transfer themselves to respective processing sections by identifying the VPI/VCI.

*ATM cell VPI/VCI multiplexing.

Since different VCIs are multiplexed on each VPI

basis to be transmitted in the reverse direction signal, each application outputs its reverse di_rection ATM cell signal with band assurance control.

*Cell header structure.

The ATM cell comprises a cell header as shown in Fig. 54. ThE~ cel. header includes 8-bit VPI and 16-bit VCI, and the details of their coding are specified separately between the switching system and the base station.

*ATM header codirlg.

The transmission order of bits of the ATM cell is determined such that the bits in each octet are sent from the bit number 8, and the octets are sent from the octet nurnber 1. Thus, they are transmitted from the MSB.

As for the routing bits of the VPI/VCI, there are specified three r.ypes of VPIs in the interface between the base stati.on and the switching center, and 256 types (8 bits) o--': VCIs from 0-255.

*Channel number/`JPI/VCI setting (initial state).
Channel number: The channel number is fixedly corresponds to the mounted position of a HW interface card and the connector position in the card.

VPI: The VPI is always "0" (not used in pr.actice).
VCI: The VC-_ is specified when a link of a wire transmission path is established.

5.3.3. AAL-Type 2 control function.
*AAL-Type 2 protocol.

The AAL-Type 2 protocol is intended to provi.de variable rate ser-iic:es that liave timing dependence between the trans_nitting and receiving ends, such as voices which are subjected to variable rate encoding.

The detail. of the specifications is based ori ITU-TI. 363.2.

a) Service types (Required conditions, etc.).
AAL-2 i_s ?~equ--_red to carry out. real time data transfer to the higher layer between transmitting and receiving sides at a variable rate, with particular timing conditions. Tn addition, it is require(fi to achieve information transfer for matching the clock and timing between the transmitting and receivi_ng sides, and to carry out transfer of informatiori about data structure.

b) Functions of AAL-2 The AP:L-2 must have the capability of dealing with, besides the timing conditions like those of AAL-1, multiplexing for multiinedia multiplexing of data and voice, and ot' handling a variable rate, cell loss and cell priority.

5.3.4. Forward direction signal separation procedure.
*The control signal and traffic signal in a forward direction sigrial can be separated by first identifying the AAL type. There are AAL,-2 and AAL-5 in the AAL
type, and they can be identif'-ed by the VCI (see, 4.2.2.1.).

*Likewise, the control signal between the BTS and MCC

in the AAL--5 connection can be separated from the super frame phase correction cell by the VCI because their VC ~: s arci di fferent .

*The PAL-2 co:zneci_:ion further includes CIDs for identifying users, and carries out the separation using the CIDs that are different for each call.
5.3.5. Barid assurance control.

*Fig. 55 illustrates the outline of the band assurance control.

*The barid assurance control determines the transmission order of short cells and standard cells in accordance with the following quality classes, and establishes respective bands. More specificallv, the band assurancle ccritrol, being based on the precondition that the short cells and standard cells are discardeci if they exceed a maximum tolerable delay time, determines transmission orders of the short cells and standard cells for respective quality classes such that the cell loss ratio becomes equal to a maximum ce'_1 loss ratio. The setting method of the transmissi-on order is specified.

*As with the VCs to which the AAL-Type 5 is applied, the VCI is assoc:;..ated with one of the followinq AAL-Type 5 quality ciasses by setting a MP.TM connection ID.

*As with the VCs to which the AAL-Type 2 is applied, tt-ie VCI and CID are associated with one of the following kAL-.Type 2 quality classes by setting the MATM connection ID.

5.3.5.1. Quality classes.

5.3.5.1.1. AAL-Type 5 quality classes.

,-The following six requirements are needed for the AAL-Type 5 quality classes. Table 28 shows the correspondence between services and the quality classes. In practice, the quality class is set in conjunction with the connection establishment of the wire transmission path. The timing cell VC is always assigned top priority (delay time is 0 ms, and loss rate is 0).

(maximum tolerable delay time; allowable cell loss ratio) (top priority of 0 ms delay; loss ratio 0) (5 ms; 10-- 4) (5 ms; 10- 7) (50 ms; 10 4 (50 ms; 10-7) (AAL-Type 2) 5.3.5.1.2. AAL-Type 2 quality classes.

*The following four requirements are needed for the AAL-Type 2 qualizy classes. Table 28 shows the correspondence between services and the quality classes. In practice, the quality class is set in conjunction with the connection establishment of the wire transmission path.

(maximum tolerable delay time; allowable cell loss ratio) (5 ms; 1G

(5 ms; 1C.
(50 ins; 104) (50 ms; 10-7) 5*When there are a plurality of AAL-Type 2 VCs as shown in Table 28, the band assignment to the AAL-Type 2 quality classes can be made different for each VC. In other words, the transmission order of the short cells can be changed for each VC.

5.3.5.2. Band assurance function of reverse direction sigrials.

*As with the reverse direction signals, it is rlecessary to achieve both an AAL-Type 2 level band assurance and an ATM cell level band assurance which includes both the AP.L-Type 2 and the AAL,-Type 5. Fig. 56 illustrates a transmission procedure of the reverse directior.. ATM
cell, and Fic. 57' illustrates an assembling procedure of reverse direction co-transmitted cells of the AAL-Type 2 level.
*The cell transm,lssion sequence data is specifi_ed in correspondence with the quality classes at the start uc of the BTS . j.n accordance with the cell transmission sequence data, short cells and standard cells to be transmitted are selected from the (juality classes, subject~ad to the multiplexing, and formed irlto transmissioil cells. If a cell of the target quality is n~-)t: pYesent in the buffer, a cell in the next quality can be transinitted.

*According to the tolerabie delay times determined for the individuaL quality classes, a cell in the buffer that exceeds the tolerable delay time of its class is discarded.

*Figs. 58A-58C show examples of the cell transmission sequence data corresponding to Table 28. Transmission cycl-es of A, B, C, ..., L are determined in accordance with allocated bands of respective ATM bands A, B, C, ..., F (for example, ACADAFAC ... ).

In addition, transmission sequences for compositing the short cells are determined depending upon respective SC bands El - F4 such that the respective quality classes are satisfied (for example, F2F1F2F3F4...).

If a cell is not present in the target class, a cell in the next priority is transmitted.

xA cell in the interrupt class is always transrtitted with the top priority.

Table 28 Correspondence between services and quality classes.

ATM quality SC cr..ality Services ATM SC
classes classes band :oand (',olerable (,o1-rable deley, Ce:1 dela~;-, Ce1'_ loss ratio) loss ratio) (Top - T'_ming ce11 priority) (5ms, 10-7) Packet A -(5ms, I0-4 ) - Packet B -(5Oms, l0-,) - Control signal C
between STS, MMC and SIM, Pa(, ing si gnal (50ms, lU 4) - Packet D -(5w5, 10- 7) unrestricted 32 kbps El unrestricted 64 kbos or mo-e AAL-Type 2 (5ms, 10-4) voice, E2 (50m5. 107) ACCH (all symboi E
rates) Packe-~t E3 (SC)ans, 10 ~ ) Modem E4 Fax (5ms, 10 7) unrestricted 32 kbps Fl unrestricted 64 kbps or more AP.L-Type 2 (5rns, IO-4) voi ce F2 vC2 (50ms, 10-7) ACCH (a:i symbol F
rates) Packet. F3 "rodem F4 (SUmy. l0 -4) Fax 5.3.6. AAL-Type 5 + SSCOP function.
*Service types.

The AAL-5 is a, simplified AAL type that is provided for transferring signaling information. It differs J from the other AA:' types in that its payload has no header trailer, and hence cari transfer 48 bytes with a minimum communication overhead.

*Functions of the AA.L-5.

The AAL-5 carr.ies out the error detection n(Dt on a ceil by cell basis but on a user frame by user frame basis to improve the efficiency of the data transmission. The error detection is performed. using CRC-32 check bits. The CRC is given for each L.ser frame, and i-- effective in a poor transmission quality environment because of its high detection capability due to 32 bits.

Fig. 59 shows the format of the AAL-5.

The receiving side carries out the following operations.

1) It identifies the delimiters of data consi(iering the value of the PT (payload type) of the ATM header.
2) it checks the extracted payload by calculating the CRC.

3) It identifies the user data by verifying the LENGTH inforination.

*SSCOP protocol 3equence (link establishment a:nd release).

In the SSCOP, the acknowledge or flow control information is not transferred on the data frame between the base station and switching center, and the ro'-e of the data frame is completely separated from that of the control frame. Fig. 60 illustrates an example of the sequence from the establishment. to the release of the SSCOP link.

5.3.7. Reverse direction delay adding function.
*The SSCOP i_s applied to the control signal vc: and paging VC between the BTS and MCC, and is processed by the BTS and MCC.

The: reverse direction delay adding function is provided for measuring s_ystem immunity by adding delays to reverse sigrlals when carrying out a test of combining reverse signals between different base stations.

A delay up to a maximum of 100 ms can be added to the reverse sigrLal at every 0.625 ms step (frame offset step).

The delay amount can be set by a dip switch.

5.3.8. Referen(_:e timing generating function (radio frame alignrnent function).

5.3.8.1. Sii'N s-Tnchronization.

The BTS carries out with the MCC the time svnchroniza_ion establishing processing of the SFN
(System Frame N-~a,nber) which will be described below.

The SFN clock t'-ne MCC generates is the master clock of the entire system. The SFN synchronization processing is provided for establishing in the BTS the time synchronization with the SFN clock of the MCC. The target for the range of the time synchronization error is set within 5 msec. The BTS uses as its internal reference clock t:ze SFN clock after the synchronization is established. The timings of the transmitting and receiving radio channels in res~oective sectors under the control of the BTS are generated from the reference SFN clock of the BTS
(see, Figs. 85-88B).

The SFN s-~mch_-onization establishment is implemented by exchanging the timing cells between the MCC and BTS. =ig. 61 illustrates the detail of the procedure which will be described below. The numerals in Fig. 61 correspond to the numbers in the following descriptions.

(1) The BTS, at turn-on or at start up after a reset, generates a temporary SFN clock signal.

(2) The ETS acquires a transmitting time (a t__me wi thin a super fr-ame, and the super frame pbsition in a long code period) of a timing cell 1 to be transmitted -rom the BTS to the MCC. The transmitting time is based on the temporary SFN clock signa:L.

(3) The BTS generates the timing cell 1. Values of information elements in the timing cell 1 are set as shown in Table 29.

Table 29 Information Specified values elements Message ID 03h; Timing Report (BTS-MCC;) ~.t I l U
SF time information (received, MCC-SIM
side) ,SF cime <~ll 0 linformation ( transr it:tec, M(-'C-SIM side) SF time The time within the super information frame in t.he time (transr..itte(-?; BTS information acquired in side) (2)-LC counter all 0 informa t:ion (received, MCC-SIM
side) LC counter all 0 informat.ion (transmitte:a, MCC-SIM sicle) LC couriter The super frame position information in the long code period in (transmitted, BTS the time information side) acc;uired in (2).

tDther information In accordance with Table elerzents 26.

(4) The BTS transmits the timing cell 1 it generated in (3) at the transmission timing it acquired in (2).
(5) The NICC receives the timing cell 1, and acquires the received time (the time within the super frame and the super frame oosition in the iong code period).

This time is based on the SFN clock generated by the MCC.

(6) The MCC acquires a transmitting time (a tinie within a super frame, and the super frame position in ~ a long c(Dde perioci) of a timing cell 2 to be transmitted from t.he MCC to the BTS. This time is a transmitting time based on the temporary SFN clock generated by the MCC.

(7) The MCC generates the timing cell 2. Values of i0 information eLemerits in the timing cell 2 are s-at in accordance with Table 30.

Table 30 Information eleinents Specified values Message ID 02h; Timing Report (NICC---BTS) SF time information The time within the super (received, MCC side) frame in the time information acquired in (5).

SF time information The time within the super (transmitted, h-ICC frame in the time information side) acquired in (6).

SF time ir.formation The time within the super (transmitted, ~TS frame in the time information side) acquired in (2) (The MCC sets this information element in the timir:g cell received in (5) to the same value again).

LC countei- information The super frame position in (received. MCC side) the long code period in the time information acquired in (5) -LC counter information The super frame position i_n (transmitted, MC'C the long code period in the ide) time information acquired in (6).

LC ccunrer informati.on Tile super frame position in (transmitted, B"S the long code period in the sidre) time information acquired in (2) (The YC'C sets this information element in the timing cell received in (5) to the same value again).

Other informati.-)n In accordance with Table 26.
elements (8) The MCC transmits the timing cell 2 it generated in (7) at the transmission timing it acquired in (6).
(9) The BTS receives the timing cell 2, and acquires the received time (the time within the super frame and the super frame position in the long code period).
This time is a received time based on the temporary SFN clock in the BTS.

(1011, The BTC calculates the corrected value X of the temporary SFN clock phase from the information elements of the ti_ming cell 2 it receives. Ficr. 62 illustrates the calculation method and calculation basis of the corrected value. Calculation results of the corrected value are stored in a memory.

In Fig. 62, SF-BTS-1: SF time irzformation about BTS
transmission of rhe timing cell 1.

LC^BTS-1: LC counter time information about BTS
transmission of `:he timing cell 1.

SF MCC-1: SF time information about MCC-SIM
reception of the ti.ming cell 1.

LC MCC-1: LC iounter time information about MCC-SIM reception of the timing cell 1.

SF__BTS-2: SF time information about BTS reception of the timi.ng cel l. 2.

LC BTS-2: LC counter time information about BTS
reception of the -iming cell 2.

SF MCC-2: SF time information about MCC-SIM
transmission of the timing cell 2.

LC MCC-2: LC counter time information about MCC-SIM transmission Of the timing cell 2.

(11) The BTS counts the number of corrections, calculates ccrrec.t.ed values, and increments the counter each time it stores the corrected value.
(12) The BT`: stores as one of the system parameters an upper limit N of the number of corrections. The BTS iterates the foregoing (2)-(11) until the counter value exceeds the upper limit N which is equal to or Less than 255.

(13) When the nizmber of corrections reaches the upper limit N, a statistical processing is carried out of calculated results of the corrected values stored.
(The statistical processing temporarily selects the maximum value from among the calculated results). The BTS shifts its temporary SFN clock by the corrected value calculated by the statistical processing, thus carrying out the correction processing of the SFN

clock of the BTS.

(14) Completing the foregoing operations, the BTS
lights up an ~.CT lamp on the HWY interface card of the BTS assuining that the SFN time synchronization has been completec; between the BTS and MCC.

If the synchronization is not yet established even after a predet.erm-~ned time has elapsed from the beginning of the t.ransmi.ssion of the timing cell, the BTI-D stops the transnlission of the timing cell, and lights up an ERR Lamp on the card including the transmission path interface. In addition, the :BTS
brings the SFN ti,ning into a free-running state, and performs the transmission control of the radio section in accordance with the free-running SFN.

5.3.8.2. Synchronization holding function.

*The BTS generates the reference clock from the HWY, and generates various clock signals from the reference clock.

*6dhen the BTS is connected with a plurality of 1.5 M
HWYs, it can select with a hard switch like a clip switch the HWY used for generating the clock.

*The BTS generates, after establishing the SFN time synchronizat_i-cn at the start up, the reference SFN
clock only f:::-om `he clock that is generated from the HWY. If a restart processing is not carried out, the reference SFN clock of the BTS will not be changed by any other factora. The ETS does not perform autonomous SFN synchronization correction. Besides, it does not carry out a synchronization correction processing tr-~ggered by a synchronization correction request from the MCC.

5.4. Transfer processing method of the transmission information between the MCC and MS.

A transfer prccessing method by the BTS of the information transmitted betweeri the MCC and MS varies depending on the type of the logical channels in the radio section. The processing method will be described below. The following description has nothing to do with the transmission information between the MCC and BTS.

5.4.1. Correspondence between radio link and wire link.

As for the correspondence between radio section links (physical channels and logical channels) and wire section links (channel number, VPI, VCI and CID), such corresponderice is provided as needed.

5.4.2. Processing method of transmission information.
5.4.2.1. Forward direction.

Table 31 shows, for each logical channel, a, processing metho(3 of the transmission information which is receive,3 from the wire section.

Table 31 Processing inethod of transmission information received froin wire section.
Lolical Descript:ion channel DTH *Assembles a radio unit from the transmission information in a received short cell, and transmitS it in a radio frame with the same Erame number as the FN in the SAL of the s}i= cell.
*:)iscards the l.iser information in the recei;ed short cell if the transmissiorl to the wire section ia nol- completed before the F~,xpir3.tion oi a timer ADTCH which is started when rhe short cell is received.
*I'he value of the timer ADTCH is specified as one of the system parameters in the r_ange :'rom 0.6125 msec to 640 msec at every 0.625 msec .; t ep .
*Ma?:es oF'F the transmission of the '.:)TCH
.;ymbcls or transmits dum,my data as for a radio Erame that does r.ot receive any transmission informat-ion from the wire section.

- ~. 6 7 -ACCH *Assem.bles, when one radio unit is lzlaced in onF:, radio frame (in the case of a 256 ksps dedicated physical channel), a radio unit from the t:ansi:iis:_io:= infor.nation in a received s:iort ce11, and tr<_insm ts it in a radio frame with t he same f rame number as the FN in the SAL
c~f the short cell.
*Assembles, when one radio unit is placed in a plurcality of radio frames (in the case of 128 k:-3ps or less dedicated physical channel), a xadio unit from the transmission information in a rec,,2iveci short cell, and transmits i--begin,aing from a radio frame with the same frame number as t.he FN in the SAL of the short cell, followed, by the remainder of the plura.Lity of the successive radio frames.
*Discards the user information in the received short cell if the transmission to the wire section is r_ot completed before the expiration of a timer AACCH which is started when the short cell is received.
*T'he value of the timer AACCH is specified as one of the system parameters in the range from C.6`'5 msec to 640 msec at every 0.625 msec steo.
Makes OFF the transmission of the ACCH
symbols as for a radio frame that does not r.ecei.ve any transmission information from the wire section.

SDCCH Assem.bles the CPD PDU for the trarismissior_ informat':_on in a received short cell, carries out dividing processing at every interrial encoding uriit, performs processings up to asser.bling of a radio unit, and transm:Lts it iri a ra..]io frame that can be transmitted first.
"The controller of the MCC transmits the control information on a CPS-SDU unit basis with spacing such that the rate of the SDCCH in the radio section is not exceeded. Thus, it is enough for a receiving buffer of the information from the SDCCH wire transmission path to have an area that can accommodate only a few frames corresponding to the CPS-SDU with a maximum length.

FACH (for *Asse:^bles the CPD PDU for the information pae-i:et in a rece ived short cell or in a standari cell, tr,tnsmis-- carries out dividing processing at every sion) ir,terr_al encodi-ng unit, performs processings up to assenk>ling of a radio unit, and transmits it in a rad:i.o frame tL:at can be transmitted first.
If divided into a glurality of dnternal encod:ng units, a plurality of radio units are transn-i-tted succes;,ively.
*1:'he Ev--interface for packets of the MCC
transmits the conurol information on a CPS-SDU
unit basis with spacing such that the rate of the UPCH ~n the radio section, which rat.e is zequi -ed at the call setup as a pea]: rate, is not e-.ceeded. Thus, it is enough for a Y-ecei-ring buffer of the information from the UPCH wire transmission path to have an area that can accommodate only a few frames corre:-~pon(_Iing to the CPS-SDU with a max~_mum :_engt'.:. In a state in which the FACH is ~:stablished, because the rate of the radio secti_)n can be lower than the peak rate, a FACH
buffer must have a rather large size.
*Makes OFF the transmission of the UPCH
symbols as for a radio frame that does not -eceive any transmission information from the wire section.

5.4.2.2. Re~,-erse direction.

Table 32 shows, for each logical channel, a processing methoC. of the transmission information which is receiveci from the radio section.

Table 32 Pr:Dcessing method of transmission information received from radio section.
Logical Description channel ------- _ _. ,..------- -~ _----DTCH (32 *Assr:mbles a short cell upon receiving a radio ksp5 frame, and t.ranami.ts it t(D the wire sectiori at a d,:~~dicated timing a:.; early as possible.
physical *The followinq two modes are prepared Eor the cnannel) trar:smisSion to tiie wire section. The mode is designated each time a radio link is estab:lisned.
Mode 1:
As with the radio frame to which the infor_nation presence or absence decision of 4.1.9.2. gives a result that no transmission informatiori is present, transmission to the wire seci=ion is not carried out.
Even if the CRC check for each selection combining unit produces an incorrect result, if the `informat.ion presence or absence decision cf 14.1.9.2. gives a result that transmission information is present, the transmission information is serit t.o the wire section after the Viterbi decodir.g_ Mode 2:
Transmission information is always sent to the wir,.= section after the Viterbi decodirig.

DTCH (64 *Assembles a short cell upon receivin(j a radio ksps or fra.me, -ind transmits it to the wire section at a more tinling as early as possible.
dedicated kTransmission information is always sent to the physical .wire section after the Viterbi decoding.
channel) ACCH *Assembles a radio frame from ACCH bits in one or more radio frames, and carries out the Viterbi deCoding and C:RC checking. Assembles a short cell iminediately only when the CRC checking produces a co-'rect result, and transmits the short cell to the wire section at a timing as early as possible.
*Discards the received information if the CRC' checkir.g produces an incorrect result, and does not carzy vut any transmission to the wire section.

SDCCH *Ca2 ries out the Viterbi decoding and CRC
checkinc; for the transmission information in a rad:.c flame. Generates the CPS PDU in accordance w~~ta t}:ZF- Whits only when the CRC checking is correct. Assernbles a shor~-: cell when the generaton of tne CPS PDU is completed and the CRC
checkincyof the CPS ;_s correct, and sends it to the wire se<<tio;: at:. the earliest timing available.
*Di:_,cards the received information if the CRC
checking for eacii in~--ernal encoding unit produces an inco-,rect result, so that it is not involved ir-ger:erati.ng the CPS. In this case, the CP:3 PDU is di:carded in its entirety, and the transm__ssion to thf.., wir-e section is not carried out.

R._ACH (for *Carr~~e.s cut the V`~.terbi decoding and CRC
packet chE~ckirig for the transmission information in a transmis- ra(iio frame. Generates, for only the transmissiori sion) in!_orma;.ion with TD1 bit = 0, the CPS PDU in ac<~ordance with the W bits and S bits onl_,r when t'tle CRC che--king is correct. Assembles a sho:rt cell when the generation of the CPS PDU is com.pleted and th,_ CRC checking of the CPS is correct, and sends it to the wire section at the earliest timing av,_tilarl.e.
UPCH *D:.scards the received information if the CRC
checking for each interna-- encoding unit produces an incorr_r,ct result, so that it is not involved in generat:ing the CPS. In this case, the CPS PDU is discarded in its entirety, and the transrrission to the wire section is not carried out.

5.4.3. SAL setting method.

A method for generating the SAL in a short cell or standard cell wiil_ riow be described with reference to Fig. 36, when reverse direction transmission information is sent from the rad.io section to the wire sectiorl. Refer to Table 22 for a fundamental setting method.

5.4.3.1. SAT.

SAT is always set at 1100" for all logical channels.
5.4.3.2. FN.

(1) DTCH.

*The FN of a receivecl radio frame is used as the FN of ~ the SAL of the short cell or standard cell including the transmission information which is transmitted by the radi-o frame.

*As illustrated in Figs. 87A and 87B, the first chip of the radio frame of FN=O is shifted from the position at which the reverse long code phase=0 by the sum of the frame offset value and the slot offset value, and the relation is not changed by the iteration of the DHO. Thus, the FN of the received radio frame i.s determined on the basis of the reverse long code phase by the following expression.
FN = ( (PT-)P - POFS) /C) mod 64 where PTOP is the phase of the first chip of the received rad c f-rame, POFS is the sum of the frame offset value and the slot offset value, and C is the number of chips uer radio frame, where C = 10240, 40960, 81920 and 163840 (chip rate = 1.024, 4.096, 8.192 and-16.384 Mcps).

(2) ACCH.

*'v4hen a single radio unit overlays a plurality of radio frames (in the case of 128 ksps or less dedicated physical channels), the FN of the first one of the plurality of radio frames is used as the FN in the SAL.

*A method for deciding the FN of the radio frame is the same as that of the foregoing (1).

(3) SDCCH, RA.CH and UPCH.

*The FN of the fizst radio frame of one or more radio frames constituting the CPS-PDU is adopted as the FN
in the SAL.

*A method for deciding the FN of the radio frame is the same as that of the foregoing (1).

5.4.3.3. Sync.

(1) DTCH, UPCH and SDCCH.

*The sync is set ~.o "0" if the received radio f==ame is in the synchronization state, and to "1" if it is in the out-of-sy.ac sr_ate.

*For details of tne processing in the out-of-sync state, refer to 5.4.4. below. As for the out-of-sync decision method, refer to 5.2.3.

*When one CPS-PDU consists of a plurality of radio frames in the UPCH or SDCCH, the sync is set to "1"
only if all the radio frames are out-of-sync.

(2) ACCH and RAC'H.

*The sync is set to "0".
5.4.3.4. BEF:.

(1) DTCH.

*The value ol' the BER is set on the basis of a result of the BER e:3timated value degradation decisiori which is carried out fc~,r each radio frame.

( 2 ) ACCH.

*The value of the BER is set on the basis of a result of the BER estimated value degradation decision which is carried out= for each radio frame.

( 3 ) SDCCH, UI?CH and RACH.

*'I'he value of the BER is set on the basis of a result of the BER es-~-imared value degradation decision which is carried out for each CPS-PDU.

5.4.3.5. Level.
(1) DTCH.

-The value of the Level is set on the basis of a result of the level degradation decision which is made for each radio frame.

(2) ACCH.

*The value of the Leve]. is set on the basis of a result of the level degradation decision which is made f or each radi.o f rame .

(3) SDCCH, UPCH and RACH.

*The value o:_ the Level is set on the basis of a result of the le-iel degradation decision which is made for each CPS-PDU.

5.4.3.6. CR--(1) DTCH

*The value of the CRC is set on the basis of a result of the CRC checking which is carried out for each seiection combining unit.

(2) ACCH.

*The value of the CRC is set on the basis of a result of the CRC checking which is carried out for each radio unit.

(3) SDCCH, UPCH and RACH.

*The valiae of the CRC is set on the basis of a r_esult of the CRC checking which is carried out for each CPS-PDU. However, sirice the transmission to the wire link is carried out only when the CRC is correct, it is substantially "0", normally.
5.4.3.7. SIR

(1) DTCH

*The value of the SIR is set ori the basis of a result of the SIR measurement which is carried out for each radi.o unit.

(2) ACCH.

*The va-ue of the SIR is set on the basis of a result of the SIR measurement which is carried out for each radio unit.

(3) SDCCH, UPCH and RACH.

*The value of the SIR is set on the basis of a result of the SIR measurement which is carried out for each CPS-PDU (if t.he C;PS-PDU ranges over a plurality of radio frames, the average value over the plurality of radio frames is used as the result).

5.4.3.8. RCH an(i RSCN.

The values of the RCN and RSCN are set in accordance with Table 24.

5.4.4. A processing method during the out-of-sync decision.

Table 33 shows a processing for each logical channel, when the out-of-sync method as described in 5.5.2.3. makes an out--of-sync decision, in which RACH
is not handled because the out-of-sync decision is not applied to the common controi physical channel.

Table 33 Logical Description DTCH Generates a cell whose Sync bit in the SAL is 5DCCH set at 1", and sends the short cell to the wire section everv 10 msec interval until the synchronization is recovered.

UPCH short cell of the UPCH does not include user infc rmat i.on.

*The remaining bits of the SAL are as :_ollows:
SAT: 00 FN: As an estimated value, one of the valties 0-63 is set which is incremented at every 10 msef, interval. It is set such that it keeos con'.inu_.ty from before the out-of-sync decision.
BER:
Leve 1 : 1 CRC. 1 SIR: all Os RCN, RSCN: according to Table 27 (as in the syn:.hronization holding state) ACCH *Ha'_ts transmission to the wire section.
5.4.5. Cell loss detection.

The position at which the cell loss takes place is - 17b -located from t_he following parameters, if the forward data from the MCC does not reach the BTS because of the cell loss in t:he ATM section. Fig. 63 illustrates a flow of the cel ]. loss detection.

c*Frame number (FN): It is used for the cell loss detection in all the unrestricted services.

*Radio subchanriel nusnber (RSCN) : It is used in the unrestricted services (128 kbps or more unrestricted services) including within 10 ins two or more internal encoding CRC providing units.

*Radio channel nuniber (RCN): It is used in thE:
unrestricted services implemented by multicodes.
*UUI (CPS-UsE:.r ta User Indication): It is used when the internal encoding CRC providing unit exceeds the user payload lenc,fth of the short cell, which is 42 octets when either the RCN or RSCN is used, and 43 octets when none of the RCN and RSCN is used.

The cell loss is detected using the foregoing four parameters.

Table 34 shows the processing method of the cell loss detection.

Table 34 Processing method of cell loss detect_-on.
Logical channel Processing method - - -- -------- --a-- _---- -._. ----- _ __ _ - --__ __ _ _.
DTCH 'Ir,serts dummy data (all "Os") for each short cel-1 in the cell loss po.rt-~on, assembles one or more rad_-o i rames and transmits them.

ACCH *Not riecessary to consider the cell Loss.

SDCCH *Discards the entire CPS-SDU
FACH (for p~ncluding as its part the cell loss packet portior_.
transmission) UPCH

As descri:oed above, the novel base station equipment of the mobile communication system in accordance wi_th the present invention is best suited tor high speed CDMA digital communications.

Claims (6)

We claim:

1. A transmission apparatus for transmitting a signal at plural types of transmission rates, comprising:
signal generation means for generating a signal to be transmitted into which pilot symbols which are predetermined patterns have been inserted, such that a ratio of the number of the pilot symbols to the total number of symbols in a single slot of the signal becomes smaller in a case where a transmission rate of the signal is high than that in a case where the transmission rate is low, wherein the pilot symbols consist of a known pilot symbol portion and a sync word portion for frame alignment ; and transmission means for transmitting the generated signal, wherein the pilot symbols in the transmitted signal are used for coherent detection.

2. The transmission apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the signal generation means generates the signal to be transmitted into which the pilot symbols have been inserted, such that accuracy of the coherent detection is maintained.

3. A communication system comprising the transmission apparatus as claimed in claim 1, and a reception apparatus for receiving the transmitted signal, wherein the reception apparatus comprises:
reception means for receiving the transmitted signal; and coherent detection means for carrying out the coherent detection by using the pilot symbols included in the received signal.

4. The communication system as claimed in claim 3, wherein the signal generation means generates the signal to be transmitted into which the pilot symbols have been inserted, such that accuracy of the coherent detection is maintained.

5. A transmission method for transmitting a signal at plural types of transmission rates, comprising:

a signal generation step of generating a signal to be transmitted into which pilot symbols which are predetermined patterns have been inserted, such that a ratio of the number of the pilot symbols to the total number of symbols in a single slot of the signal becomes smaller in a case where a transmission rate of the signal is high, than that in a case where the transmission rate is low, wherein the pilot symbols consist of a known pilot symbol portion and a sync word portion for frame alignment; and a transmission step of transmitting the generated signal, wherein the pilot symbols in the transmitted signal are used for coherent detection.

6. The transmission method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the signal generation step generates the signal to be transmitted into which the pilot symbols have been inserted, such that accuracy of the coherent detection is maintained.