CA2368508A1 - Hydrogen generating apparatus and components therefor - Google Patents
Hydrogen generating apparatus and components therefor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2368508A1 CA2368508A1 CA002368508A CA2368508A CA2368508A1 CA 2368508 A1 CA2368508 A1 CA 2368508A1 CA 002368508 A CA002368508 A CA 002368508A CA 2368508 A CA2368508 A CA 2368508A CA 2368508 A1 CA2368508 A1 CA 2368508A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- generating system
- hydrogen generating
- monitoring
- hydrogen
- engine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract 49
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract 49
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract 49
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract 34
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract 27
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract 26
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract 15
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract 13
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 7
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 7
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 claims 4
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B43/00—Engines characterised by operating on gaseous fuels; Plants including such engines
- F02B43/08—Plants characterised by the engines using gaseous fuel generated in the plant from solid fuel, e.g. wood
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/02—Process control or regulation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
- F02M25/10—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding acetylene, non-waterborne hydrogen, non-airborne oxygen, or ozone
- F02M25/12—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding acetylene, non-waterborne hydrogen, non-airborne oxygen, or ozone the apparatus having means for generating such gases
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S123/00—Internal-combustion engines
- Y10S123/12—Hydrogen
Abstract
A hydrogen generating system is provided for use in internal combustion engines for increasing the efficiency of the engine and decreasing emissions from the engine. The hydrogen generating system has an electrolysis cell for generating hydrogen and oxygen gases by electrolysis of an aqueous solution, a power source for providing electrical power to the electrolysis cell, an outlet flow means for introducing the generated gases into the intake manifold system of an internal combustion engine, a monitoring means for monitoring the operating conditions of the hydrogen generating system, and a control means connected to the monitoring means for controlling the operation of the hydrogen generating system in response to the monitoring means. Various devices and systems are added to facilitate use and overcome previous problems with prior hydrogen generating systems.
Claims (16)
1. A hydrogen generating system for use in an internal combustion engine for increasing the efficiency of the engine and decreasing emissions from the engine, the hydrogen generating system comprising:
an electrolysis cell for generating hydrogen and oxygen gases by electrolysis of an aqueous solution, a power source for providing electrical power to the electrolysis cell;
an outlet flow means for introducing the generated gases into the intake manifold system of an internal combustion engine;
a monitoring means for monitoring the operating conditions of the hydrogen generating system, the monitoring means including an electrolyte level monitoring device in the electrolysis cell including a tube, a circuit disposed in the tube, the circuit including a switch positioned adjacent a selected level of the aqueous solution and a float selected to float on the aqueous solution, the float being slidably engaged on the tube, and free to ride along the tube as driven by changes in the surface level of the aqueous solution and the float including means for actuating the switch as it rides along the tube; and a control means in communication with the monitoring means and adapted to control the operation of the hydrogen generating system in response to the monitoring means, the control means including means in communication with the electrolyte level monitoring device and adapted to indicate when the level of the aqueous solution reaches the selected level as indicated by the float actuating the switch.
an electrolysis cell for generating hydrogen and oxygen gases by electrolysis of an aqueous solution, a power source for providing electrical power to the electrolysis cell;
an outlet flow means for introducing the generated gases into the intake manifold system of an internal combustion engine;
a monitoring means for monitoring the operating conditions of the hydrogen generating system, the monitoring means including an electrolyte level monitoring device in the electrolysis cell including a tube, a circuit disposed in the tube, the circuit including a switch positioned adjacent a selected level of the aqueous solution and a float selected to float on the aqueous solution, the float being slidably engaged on the tube, and free to ride along the tube as driven by changes in the surface level of the aqueous solution and the float including means for actuating the switch as it rides along the tube; and a control means in communication with the monitoring means and adapted to control the operation of the hydrogen generating system in response to the monitoring means, the control means including means in communication with the electrolyte level monitoring device and adapted to indicate when the level of the aqueous solution reaches the selected level as indicated by the float actuating the switch.
2. A hydrogen generating system for use in an internal combustion engine for increasing the efficiency of the engine and decreasing emissions from the engine, the hydrogen generating system comprising:
an electrolysis cell for generating hydrogen and oxygen gases by electrolysis of an aqueous solution contained within the cell, the electrolysis cell having an outer surface;
a power source for providing electrical power to the electrolysis cell;
an outlet flow means for introducing the generated gases into the intake manifold system of an internal combustion engine;
a monitoring means for monitoring the operating conditions of the hydrogen generating system, the monitoring means including an electrolyte level monitoring device including a tank circuit having an inductor and a capacitor connected in parallel, the inductor being an electrical wire wrapped at least one turn about the electrolysis cell adjacent a selected level of the aqueous solution within the electrolysis cell, and interface circuitry for exciting the tank circuit such that a sine wave is generated and observing evidence of energy loss in the circuit; and a control means in communication with the monitoring means and adapted to control the operation of the hydrogen generating system in response to the monitoring means, the control means including means in communication with the electrolyte level monitoring device and adapted to indicate when the level of the aqueous solution reaches the selected level as indicated by the energy loss in the circuit.
an electrolysis cell for generating hydrogen and oxygen gases by electrolysis of an aqueous solution contained within the cell, the electrolysis cell having an outer surface;
a power source for providing electrical power to the electrolysis cell;
an outlet flow means for introducing the generated gases into the intake manifold system of an internal combustion engine;
a monitoring means for monitoring the operating conditions of the hydrogen generating system, the monitoring means including an electrolyte level monitoring device including a tank circuit having an inductor and a capacitor connected in parallel, the inductor being an electrical wire wrapped at least one turn about the electrolysis cell adjacent a selected level of the aqueous solution within the electrolysis cell, and interface circuitry for exciting the tank circuit such that a sine wave is generated and observing evidence of energy loss in the circuit; and a control means in communication with the monitoring means and adapted to control the operation of the hydrogen generating system in response to the monitoring means, the control means including means in communication with the electrolyte level monitoring device and adapted to indicate when the level of the aqueous solution reaches the selected level as indicated by the energy loss in the circuit.
3. A hydrogen generating system for use in an internal combustion engine of a vehicle for increasing the efficiency of the engine and decreasing emissions from the engine, the hydrogen generating system comprising:
an electrolysis cell for generating hydrogen and oxygen gases by electrolysis of an aqueous solution;
a power source for providing electrical power to the electrolysis cell as supplied by a battery power supply;
an outlet flow means for introducing the generated gases into the intake manifold system of the internal combustion engine;
a monitoring means for monitoring the operating conditions of the hydrogen generating system, the monitoring means including a sensor for monitoring battery voltage; and a control means in communication with the monitoring means and adapted to control the operation of the hydrogen generating system in response to the monitoring means, the control means including means for comparing the battery voltage to a voltage indicative of proper alternator operation and controlling operation of the hydrogen generating system when the battery voltage is not indicative of proper alternator operation.
an electrolysis cell for generating hydrogen and oxygen gases by electrolysis of an aqueous solution;
a power source for providing electrical power to the electrolysis cell as supplied by a battery power supply;
an outlet flow means for introducing the generated gases into the intake manifold system of the internal combustion engine;
a monitoring means for monitoring the operating conditions of the hydrogen generating system, the monitoring means including a sensor for monitoring battery voltage; and a control means in communication with the monitoring means and adapted to control the operation of the hydrogen generating system in response to the monitoring means, the control means including means for comparing the battery voltage to a voltage indicative of proper alternator operation and controlling operation of the hydrogen generating system when the battery voltage is not indicative of proper alternator operation.
4. The hydrogen generating system of claim 3 wherein the control means is further adapted to indicate that the battery voltage is not indicative of proper alternator operation.
5. A hydrogen generating system for use in an internal combustion engine of a vehicle for increasing the efficiency of the engine and decreasing emissions from the engine, the hydrogen generating system comprising:
at least one electrolysis cell for generating hydrogen and oxygen gases by electrolysis of an aqueous solution;
a power source for providing electrical power to the electrolysis cell;
an outlet flow means for introducing the generated gases into the intake manifold system of an internal combustion engine, the outlet flow means including a vacuum pump for drawing the generated gases under vacuum toward the internal combustion engine, the vacuum pump having an inlet tubing and an outlet tubing and a vacuum control arrangement for conveying supplemental gas from gas source and introducing the substantial gases to the generated gases in the inlet tubing to reduce the vacuum generated by the vacuum pump;
a monitoring means for monitoring the operating conditions of the hydrogen generating system; and a control means in communication with the monitoring means and adapted to control the operation of the hydrogen generating system in response to the monitoring means.
at least one electrolysis cell for generating hydrogen and oxygen gases by electrolysis of an aqueous solution;
a power source for providing electrical power to the electrolysis cell;
an outlet flow means for introducing the generated gases into the intake manifold system of an internal combustion engine, the outlet flow means including a vacuum pump for drawing the generated gases under vacuum toward the internal combustion engine, the vacuum pump having an inlet tubing and an outlet tubing and a vacuum control arrangement for conveying supplemental gas from gas source and introducing the substantial gases to the generated gases in the inlet tubing to reduce the vacuum generated by the vacuum pump;
a monitoring means for monitoring the operating conditions of the hydrogen generating system; and a control means in communication with the monitoring means and adapted to control the operation of the hydrogen generating system in response to the monitoring means.
6. The hydrogen generating system of claim 5 wherein the gas source is atmospheric air.
7. The hydrogen generating system of claim 5 wherein supplemental gas is heated over ambient air temperature, filtered and/or dried.
8. The hydrogen generating system of claim 5 wherein the gas source is the exhaust gas manifold of the vehicle.
9. The hydrogen generating system of claim 5 wherein the gas source is the air intake of the vehicle downstream of the mass air flow sensor.
10. The hydrogen generating system of claim 5 wherein the vacuum control arrangement includes a valve for controlling the flow of supplemental gas into the inlet tubing.
11. The hydrogen generating system of claim 5 wherein the supplemental gas is introduced to the inlet tubing between a flame arrestor and the vacuum pump.
12. A hydrogen generating system for use in an internal combustion engine of a vehicle for increasing the efficiency of the engine and decreasing emissions from the engine, the hydrogen generating system comprising:
a plurality of modules, each module containing an electrolysis cell for generating hydrogen and oxygen gases by electrolysis of an aqueous solution; a power regulator for providing regulated electrical power to the electrolysis cell, the power regulator generating an AC
component;
an outlet flow means for introducing the generated gases from the cells into the intake manifold system of the internal combustion engine;
a monitoring means for monitoring the operating conditions of the hydrogen generating system;
a control means in communication with the monitoring means and adapted to control the operation of the hydrogen generating system in response to the monitoring means; and wherein the AC component of the power regulators are phase locked with a selected module acting as the master module and a selected others of the modules acting as slave modules.
wherein each module contains phase locking circuitry, the phase locking circuitry of the master module generating a chopping frequency and inputting the chopping frequency to the slave modules.
further comprising a controller selected to prevent the operation of any slave modules not phase locked with the master module.
a plurality of modules, each module containing an electrolysis cell for generating hydrogen and oxygen gases by electrolysis of an aqueous solution; a power regulator for providing regulated electrical power to the electrolysis cell, the power regulator generating an AC
component;
an outlet flow means for introducing the generated gases from the cells into the intake manifold system of the internal combustion engine;
a monitoring means for monitoring the operating conditions of the hydrogen generating system;
a control means in communication with the monitoring means and adapted to control the operation of the hydrogen generating system in response to the monitoring means; and wherein the AC component of the power regulators are phase locked with a selected module acting as the master module and a selected others of the modules acting as slave modules.
wherein each module contains phase locking circuitry, the phase locking circuitry of the master module generating a chopping frequency and inputting the chopping frequency to the slave modules.
further comprising a controller selected to prevent the operation of any slave modules not phase locked with the master module.
13. The hydrogen generating system of claim 12 wherein the controller is a subroutine in the control means.
14. A hydrogen generating system for use in an internal combustion engine of a vehicle for increasing the efficiency of the engine and decreasing emissions from the engine, the hydrogen generating system comprising:
an plurality of electrolysis cells far generating hydrogen and oxygen gases by electrolysis of an aqueous solution, the electrolysis cells being electrically connected in series;
a power source for providing electrical power to the electrolysis cells through an output circuit;
an outlet flow means for introducing the generated gases into the intake manifold system of the internal combustion engine;
a monitoring means for monitoring the operating conditions of the hydrogen generating system, the monitoring means including sensor for monitoring the integrity of the output circuit from the power source;
and a control means in communication with the monitoring means and adapted to control the operation of the hydrogen generating system in response to the monitoring means, the control means including means in communication with the sensor for controlling operation of the hydrogen generating system based on the integrity of the output circuit.
an plurality of electrolysis cells far generating hydrogen and oxygen gases by electrolysis of an aqueous solution, the electrolysis cells being electrically connected in series;
a power source for providing electrical power to the electrolysis cells through an output circuit;
an outlet flow means for introducing the generated gases into the intake manifold system of the internal combustion engine;
a monitoring means for monitoring the operating conditions of the hydrogen generating system, the monitoring means including sensor for monitoring the integrity of the output circuit from the power source;
and a control means in communication with the monitoring means and adapted to control the operation of the hydrogen generating system in response to the monitoring means, the control means including means in communication with the sensor for controlling operation of the hydrogen generating system based on the integrity of the output circuit.
15. The hydrogen generating system of claim 14 wherein the plurality of electrolysis cells includes a penultimate and last cells in the series and the sensor monitors the voltage in the electrical connection between the penultimate and last cells.
16. The hydrogen generating system of claim 14 wherein the sensor monitors current in the output circuit.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2688798A CA2688798A1 (en) | 2001-01-19 | 2002-01-18 | Hydrogen generating apparatus and components therefor |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US26239501P | 2001-01-19 | 2001-01-19 | |
| US60/262,395 | 2001-01-19 |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2688798A Division CA2688798A1 (en) | 2001-01-19 | 2002-01-18 | Hydrogen generating apparatus and components therefor |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2368508A1 true CA2368508A1 (en) | 2002-07-19 |
| CA2368508C CA2368508C (en) | 2010-02-23 |
Family
ID=22997313
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2688798A Abandoned CA2688798A1 (en) | 2001-01-19 | 2002-01-18 | Hydrogen generating apparatus and components therefor |
| CA2368508A Expired - Fee Related CA2368508C (en) | 2001-01-19 | 2002-01-18 | Hydrogen generating apparatus and components therefor |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2688798A Abandoned CA2688798A1 (en) | 2001-01-19 | 2002-01-18 | Hydrogen generating apparatus and components therefor |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (3) | US6817320B2 (en) |
| CA (2) | CA2688798A1 (en) |
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-
2004
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2006
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| WO2005047568A1 (en) * | 2003-11-14 | 2005-05-26 | Dynamic Fuel Systems Inc. | Oxygen/hydrogen generator for internal combustion engines |
| WO2007101330A1 (en) | 2006-03-08 | 2007-09-13 | Martinrea International Inc. | Electrolyte delivery system |
| WO2007101342A1 (en) * | 2006-03-08 | 2007-09-13 | Martinrea International Inc. | Electrolyte delivery system and method |
| US8117999B2 (en) | 2006-03-08 | 2012-02-21 | Martinrea International Inc. | Electrolyte delivery system and method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2368508C (en) | 2010-02-23 |
| US20050126515A1 (en) | 2005-06-16 |
| CA2688798A1 (en) | 2002-07-19 |
| US20030024489A1 (en) | 2003-02-06 |
| US7240641B2 (en) | 2007-07-10 |
| US20060219190A1 (en) | 2006-10-05 |
| US6817320B2 (en) | 2004-11-16 |
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