CA2348415A1 - Method for gold deposition - Google Patents

Method for gold deposition Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2348415A1
CA2348415A1 CA002348415A CA2348415A CA2348415A1 CA 2348415 A1 CA2348415 A1 CA 2348415A1 CA 002348415 A CA002348415 A CA 002348415A CA 2348415 A CA2348415 A CA 2348415A CA 2348415 A1 CA2348415 A1 CA 2348415A1
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CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
gold
substrate
nucleation
metal
sites
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Granted
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CA002348415A
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French (fr)
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CA2348415C (en
Inventor
Erez Braun
Yoav Eichen
Uri Sivan
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Technion Research and Development Foundation Ltd
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Individual
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Publication of CA2348415A1 publication Critical patent/CA2348415A1/en
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Publication of CA2348415C publication Critical patent/CA2348415C/en
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Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/58—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances
    • G01N33/585—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances with a particulate label, e.g. coloured latex
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
    • C12Q1/6813—Hybridisation assays
    • C12Q1/6834—Enzymatic or biochemical coupling of nucleic acids to a solid phase
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G01N1/30—Staining; Impregnating ; Fixation; Dehydration; Multistep processes for preparing samples of tissue, cell or nucleic acid material and the like for analysis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
    • G01N33/543—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
    • G01N33/54366—Apparatus specially adapted for solid-phase testing
    • G01N33/54373—Apparatus specially adapted for solid-phase testing involving physiochemical end-point determination, e.g. wave-guides, FETS, gratings
    • G01N33/5438—Electrodes

Abstract

A method for depositing gold on a substrate is provided. By this aspect, nucleation centers are bound, deposited or formed at one or more sites on the substrate, the substrate is then contacted with a treatment composition which comprises soluble gold-providing agent from which gold is deposited onto a nucleation center to yield gold metal deposits. The method of the invention may be used for a variety of image enhancing techniques as well as diagnostic and analyte detection techniques.

Claims (30)

1. A method for depositing gold at one or more sites on a substrate, comprising:
(a) binding, depositing or forming nucleation centers at said one or more sites; said nucleation centers comprising at least one member of a recognition group consisting of two or more {}molecules or complexes which bind {}to each other, the other member including or forming said one or more sites, coupled to at least one nucleation center being one or mere of the group consisting of metal particle, cluster containing metal atoms, a metal-containing complex and molecules.
(b) Contacting under appropriate conditions said one or more sites with a treatment composition comprising a soluble gold-providing agent, being a gold-containing molecule or complex and comprising a reagent, the composition being kinetically stable such that gold is essentially not deposited on the substrate unless a nucleation center is present on the substrate and in the presence of a nucleation center at said one or more sites, gold atoms are released from said gold-providing agent and deposited onto said nucleation center to form gold metal deposits at said one or mare sites.
2. A method according to Claim 1, wherein the one member of the recognition group is coupled to at last one nucleation center, being one or more of the group consisting of: cluster containing metal atoms and metal containing complexes and metals.
3. A method according to Claim 1, wherein the one member of the recognition group is coupled to at least one nucleation center being one or more of the group consisting of gold particle, cluster confining gold atoms and gold-containing complexes and molecules.
4. A method according to Claim 1, wherein the one member of the recognition group is coupled to at least one nucleation center being one or more of the group consisting of cluster containing gold atoms and gold-containing complexes and molecules.
5. A method according to Claim 1, wherein said {} recognition group is a member of the group consisting of an antigen and an antibody or an antibody derivative with an antigen-binding domain; sugar and a lectin; a receptor and a ligand; a nucleotide sequence and a complementary nucleotide sequence; a nucleotide sequence and its binding protein or other specific binding agent;
biotin and avidin or streptavidin; cellulose or chitin and cellulose binding domain.
6. A method according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, wherein said treatment composition is an aqueous solution.
7. A method according to Claim 6, wherein said gold-providing agent is Au1(SCN)2.
8. A method according to Claim 7, wherein said reagent is hydroquinone or naphtohydroqninone.
9. A method for assaying presence of a specific substance at sites on a substrate, comprising:
(a) providing conditions showing formation of nucleation centers on sites containing said substance;
(b) contacting said substrate with a treatment composition comprising a soluble gold providing agent, being a gold-containing molecule or complex and comprising a reagent, the composition being kinetically stable such that upon such exposure gold metal is essentially not deposited an the substrate unless a nucleation center is present thereon, and in the presence of a nucleation center at said sites, gold atoms are released from said gold-providing agent and deposited onto said nucleation center to form gold metal deposits at said sites; and (c) detecting metallic gold deposits on said substrate, a gold deposit at a site on the substrate indicating presence of said substance at said site.
10. A method according to Claim 9, wherein step (a) comprises:
(a1) providing nucleation center-forming agents which comprise each at least one moiety, having specific binding affinity to said substance, bound to at least one nucleation center being one or more of the group consisting of metal particle, cluster containing metal atoms and a metal-containing complex; and (a2) contacting said substrate with said agents.
11. A method according to Claim 10, wherein said moiety is included in one member of a recognition couple consisting of two molecules or complexes which specifically bind to one another, the other member included in or constituting said substance.
12. A method according to Claim 11, wherein said recognition couple is a member of the group consisting of an antigen and as antibody or an antibody derivative with as antigen binding domain; sugar and a lectin; a receptor and a ligand; a nucleotide sequence and a complementary nucleotide sequence; a nucleotide sequence and its binding protein or other specific binding agent; biotin and avidin or streptavidin; cellulose or chitin and cellulose binding domain; said moiety being one of the recognition couple and said substance being or including the other.
13. A method according to any one of Claims 9-12, for assaying the presence of one or more target oligonucleotides with a specific target sequence in a sample, comprising:
(a) providing a substrate carrying one or more probe oligonucleotides each with a probing sequence complementary to one of said target sequences;

(b) contacting said substrate with the sample and providing conditions allowing formation of nucleation centers where a target oligonucleotide hybridizes to a probe oligonucleotide;
(c) contacting said substrate with a treatment composition comprising a gold providing agent, being a gold-containing molecule or complex and comprising a reagent, the composition being kinetically stable such that upon such exposure gold metal is essentially not deposited on the substrate unless a nucleation center is present thereon, and in the presence of a nucleation center at said sites, gold atoms are released from said gold-providing agent and deposited onto said nucleation center to forth gold metal deposits at said sites; and (d) detecting metallic gold deposits on said substrate, a gold deposit at a site on the substrate indicating the presence of said substance at said site.
14. A method according co Claim 13, wherein said step (b) comprises:
(b1) treating said sample to bind a label to oligonucleotides in the sample;
(b2) contacting said sample with said substrate; and (b3) contacting said substrate with a nucleation center-containing agent, capable of specific binding to said label.
15. A method according to Claim 13, wherein said step (b) comprises:
(b1) treating sand sample so as to bind nucleation centers to oligonucleotides present therein, and (b2) contacting said samples with said substrate.
16. A method according to any one of Claims 9 to 15, wherein said nucleation center is a gold particle a cluster containing gold atoms, or a gold-containing complex or molecules.
17. A method according to any one of Claims 9 to 16, wherein said treatment composition is an aqueous solution.
18. A method according so Claim 17, wherein said gold-providing agent is Au1(SCN)2 and said reagent is a quinone.
19. A method according to any one of Claims 9 to 18, wherein said substrate is a specimen for viewing in an imaging or visualization technique.
20. A method according to Claim 19, wherein the detention technique is based on light.
21. A method according to Claim 19, wherein the {} detection technique is based on light absorbance and/or light transmission and/or light reflectance and/or light scattering.
22. A method according to Claim 19, wherein said detection is made by techniques selected from: tansmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy.
23. A method according to Claim 19, for preparing the specimen for viewing in a microscope, comprising the following steps:
(a) providing conditions permitting formation of nucleation centers at selective sites of the specimen; and (b) contacting said specimen with a treatment composition comprising a soluble gold-providing agent, being a gold-containing molecule or complex and comprising a reagent, the composition being kinetically stable such that gold is essentially not deposited on the specimen a nucleation center is present thereon, whereby gold atoms from said gold-providing agent are released and deposited onto said specimen at selective sites.
24. A method according to any one of Claims 9 to 18, wherein said substrate contains separated fractions of a sample.
25. A method according to Claim 23 for identifying locations of a specific separation product on the substrate, comprising the steps of:
(a) providing conditions permitting formation of nucleation centers at sites on said substrate comprising said specific separation product;
(b) contacting said substrate to a treatment composition comprising a soluble gold-providing agent, being a gold-containing molecule or complex and comprising the composition being kinetically stable such that gold is deposited on the substrate essentially only where a nucleation center is present thereon, whereby upon such contact, gold atoms from said gold-providing agent are released and deposited onto said nucleation center; and (b) detecting presence of gold on said substrate, such gold signifying presence of said specific separation product on the substrate at a site where the gold is detected.

25. A method for assaying presence of an analyte in a sample comprising:
(a) providing a substrate carrying capturing agents which bind said analyze;
(b) contacting said substrate with said sample, whereby said analyte binds to said capturing agents;
(c) providing conditions permitting formation of nucleation centers on sites of said substrate comprising said analyze;
(d) contacting said substrate with a treatment composition comprising a soluble gold-containing molecule or complex and a reagent, the composition being kinetically stable such that gold is deposited on the substrate essentially only at sites thereof containing the nucleation centers; and (e) detecting metallic gold deposits on said substrate, indicative of the presence of said analyte in said sample.
26. A method according to Claire 25, wherein step (c) comprises;
(c1) providing nucleation center-forming agents which comprise each at least one moiety, having specific binding affinity to said analyze, coupled to at least one nucleation center being one or more of the group consisting of metal particle, cluster of metal atoms and a metal-containing complex; and (c2) contacting said substrate with said agents.
27. A method according to Claim 26, wherein said analyze is one of a binding couple consisting of an antigen and an antibody or an antibody derivative with an antigen-binding domain; sugar and a lectin; a receptor and a ligand; a nucleotide sequence and a complementary nucleotide sequence; a nucleotide sequence and its binding protein or other specific binding agent; biotin and avidin or streptavidin; cellulose or chitin and cellulose binding domain; and said at least one moiety is the other of said binding couple.
28. A method according to Claim 25 wherein step (b) comprises:
(b1) contacting said sample with nucleation centers, the nucleation centers being one or more of the group consisting of metal particles, cluster of metal atoms and metal-containing complexes or molecules, and providing conditions for coupling of said nucleation centers to the analyte if present in the sample, thus obtaining a modified sample containing modified analytes;
and (b2) contacting said substrate with said modified analytes bound to said nucleation centers.
29. A method according to Claim 28, wherein said analyte is one of a binding couple consisting of an antigen and an antibody or an antibody derivative with an antigen-binding domain; sugar and a lectin; a receptor and a ligand; a nucleotide sequence and a complementary nucleotide sequence; a nucleotide sequence and its binding protein or other specific binding agent; biotin and avidin or streptavidin;
cellulose or chitin and cellulose binding domain; and said capturing agent is the other of said binding couple.
30. A method according to any one of Claims 25 to 29, wherein said capturing agents are carried on the substrate between electrodes such that gold deposited onto said nucleation enters in step (d) establishes an electric contact between the electrodes; and detection of the gold deposits in step (c) is performed by measuring current-potential relationship between the electrodes.

30. A method according to any one of Claims 25 to 30, wherein said at least one metal particle, cluster of metal atoms or a metal-containing complex is a gold particle or cluster containing gold atoms.

32. A method according to any one of Claims 25 to 31, wherein said treatment composition is an aqueous solution.

33. A method according to Claim 32, wherein said gold providing agent is Au1(SCN)2.

34. A method according to Claim 32, wherein said reagent is a hydroquinone.

35. A kit for use in the method according to any one of Claims 1 to 34 36. A kit according to Claim 35, comprising a treatment composition which comprises a soluble gold-providing agent, being a gold-containing molecule or complex and comprises a reagent, the composition being kinetically stable such that upon contact with a substrate gold is deposited on a substrate essentially only at sifts of the substrate containing nucleation centers.

37. A kit according to Claim 35 or 35, further comprising nucleation center-forming agents, for forming nucleation centers at one or more sites on the substrate, said agents comprise each at least one {} member of a recognition group having a specific binding affinity to a substance present at said one or more sites coupled to at least one nucleation center moiety, being one or more of the group consisting of metal particle, cluster of metal atoms and a metal containing complex or molecule.

38. A kit for use in a method according to any one of Claims 25 to 34, for assaying an analyte in a sample, comprising:
(i) a substrate carrying capturing agents which bind said analyte;
(ii) agents for forming nucleation centers at portions of the substrate on which said analyte becomes immobilized;
(iii) a treatment composition comprising a soluble gold-containing molecule or complex and a reagent, the composition being kinetically stable such that gold is deposited on the substrate essentially only at sites thereof containing the nucleation centers.

39. A kit according to Claim 3$, wherein said agent for forming nucleation centers comprises a nucleation center and substances needed in order to couple said nucleation center to said analyze.

40. A kit according to Claim 38, further comprising nucleation center-forming agents which comprise each at least one moiety, having specific binding affinity to said analyte, coupled to at least one nucleation center moiety being one or more of the group consisting of metal particle, cluster of metal atoms and a metal containing complex.
41. A kit according to any one of Claims 38 to 40, wherein said substrate comprises two or more electrodes, and said capturing agents are carried within gaps between the electrodes.
CA2348415A 1998-10-27 1999-10-27 Method for gold deposition Expired - Fee Related CA2348415C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IL12677698A IL126776A (en) 1998-10-27 1998-10-27 Method for gold depositions
IL126776 1998-10-27
PCT/IL1999/000570 WO2000025136A1 (en) 1998-10-27 1999-10-27 Method for gold deposition

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2348415A1 true CA2348415A1 (en) 2000-05-04
CA2348415C CA2348415C (en) 2010-09-07

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US (2) US7056748B1 (en)
EP (1) EP1125128B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4453856B2 (en)
CN (1) CN1145028C (en)
AT (1) ATE320002T1 (en)
AU (1) AU759205B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2348415C (en)
DE (1) DE69930285T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2263289T3 (en)
IL (1) IL126776A (en)
RU (1) RU2242005C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2000025136A1 (en)

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