CA2334773C

CA2334773C - Benzothiepine-1,1-dioxide derivatives, method for producing them, medicaments containing these compounds and their use

Info

Publication number: CA2334773C
Application number: CA002334773A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Wendelin Frick; Alfons Enhsen; Heiner Glombik; Hubert Heuer
Original assignee: Sanofi Aventis Deutschland GmbH
Current assignee: Sanofi Aventis Deutschland GmbH
Priority date: 1998-06-10
Filing date: 1999-05-29
Publication date: 2009-05-26
Anticipated expiration: 2019-05-29
Also published as: AU4503199A; JP4374426B2; NO327075B1; KR20010052682A; TR200003632T2; AU753275B2; ES2215387T3; HUP0102256A3; CZ20004591A3; PL344827A1; ZA200007061B; BR9912188B1; PT1086113E; CN1305469A; ATE227715T1; RU2215001C2; CZ20004592A3; CA2334773A1; ATE259372T1; DK1086092T3

Abstract

The invention relates to benzothiepine-1,1-dioxide derivatives and their acid addition salts, i.e. compounds of formula (I) wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and Z have the meanings given in the description and their physiologically compatible salts and physiologically functional derivatives. The invention also relates to a method for producing said compounds, which are suitable for use as e.g. hypolipidaemics.

Description

Description BENZOTHIEPiNE-1,1-DIOXIDE DERIVATIVES, METHOD FOR PRODUCING
THEM, MEDICAMENTS CONTAINING THESE COMPOUNDS AND THEIR
USE
The invention relates to substituted benzothiepine 1,1-dioxide derivatives, their physiologically tolerable salts and physiologically functional derivatives.

Benzothiepine 1,1-dioxide derivatives and their use for the treatment of hyperlipidemia as well as arteriosclerosis and hypercholesterolemia have already been described [cf. PCT Application No. PCT/US97/04076, publication No. WO 97/33882].

The invention was based on the object of making available further compounds which display a therapeutically utilizable hypolipidemia action.
In particular, the object consisted in finding novel compounds which, compared with the compounds described in the prior art, bring about a higher fecal bile acid excretion, even at a lower dose. A dose reduction of the ED200 value by at least the factor 5 compared with the compounds described in the prior art was particularly desirable.

The invention therefore relates to compounds of the formula I
O S O

i in which R is methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl;

R2 is H, OH, NH2, NH-(C1-C6)-alkyl;

R3 is a sugar radical, a disugar radical, a trisugar radical, a tetrasugar radical, the sugar radical, disugar radical, trisugar radical or tetrasugar radical optionally being mono- or polysubstituted by a sugar protective group;
R4 is methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl;
R5 is methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl;

Z is -(C=O)n-Cp-C1E;-alkyl-, -(C=O)n-Cp-C16-alkyl-NH-, -(C=O)n-Cp-C16-alkyl-O-, -(C=())n-C1-C16-alkyl-(C=O)m, a covalent bond;

n is0orl;
m is0orl;

and their pharmaceuticallly tolerable salts and physiologically functional derivatives.

Preferred compounds of the formula I are those in which one or more radical(s) has or have the following meaning:

R1 is ethyl, propyl, butyl;

R2 is H, OH, NH2, NH--(Cl-Cg)-alkyl;

R3 is a sugar radical, disugar radical, the sugar radical or disugar radical optionally being mono- or polysubstituted by a sugar protective group;
R4 is methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl;
R5 is methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl;

Z is -(C=O)n-Cp-C16-alkyl-, -(C=O)n-Cp-C16-alkyl-NH-, -(C=O)n-Cp-C16-alkyl-O-, -(C=0)n-C1-Ci6-alkyl-(C=O)m, a covalent bond;

n is0orl;

m is0orl;

and their pharmaceutically tolerable salts.
Particularly preferred comIpounds of the formula I are those in which one or more radical(s) has or have the following meaning:

R1 is ethyl, butyl;
R2 is OH;

R3 is a sugar radical, the sugar radical optionally being mono- or polysubstituted by a sugar protective group;
R4 is methyl;
R5 is methyl;

Z is -(C=O)-C0-C4-alkyl, a covalent bond;
and their pharmaceutically tolerable salts.

On account of their higher water solubility compared with the starting or base compounds, pharmaiceutically tolerable salts are particularly suitable for medicinal applications. These salts must have a pharmaceutically tolerable anion or cation. Suitable pharmaceutically tolerable acid addition salts of the compounds according to the invention are salts of inorganic acids, such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic, phosphoric, metaphosphoric, nitric, sulfonic and sulfuric acid, and of organic acids, such as, for example, acetic acid, benzenesulfonic, benzoic, citric, ethanesulfonic, fumaric, giuconic, glycolic, isothionic, lactic, lactobionic, maleic, malic, methanesulfonic, succinic, p-toluenesulfonic, tartaric and trifluoroacetic acid. For medicinal purposes, the chlorine salt is particularly preferably used. Suitable pharmaceutically tolerable basic salts are ammonium salts, alkali metal salts (such as sodium and potassium salts) and alkaline earth metalsalts (such as magnesium and calcium salts).

Salts with an anion which is not pharmaceutically tolerable are likewise included in the scope of the invention as useful intermediates for the preparation or purification of pharmaceutically tolerable salts and/or for use in nontherapeutic, for example in-vitro, applications.
The term "physiologically functional derivative" used here indicates any physiologically tolerable derivative of a compound according to the invention, e.g. an ester whiich, on administration to a mammal, such as, for example, man, is able (directly or indirectly) to form such a compound or an active metabolite thereof.

A further aspect of this invention are prodrugs of the compounds according to the invention. Such pirodrugs can be metabolized in vivo to give a compound according to the invention. These prodrugs can themselves be active or inactive.

The compounds according to the invention can also be present in various polymorphic forms, e.g. as amorphous and crystalline polymorphic forms.
All polymorphic forms of the compounds according to the invention are included in the scope of the invention and are a further aspect of the invention.

The compounds accordirig to the invention are also suitable for the prophylaxis or for the treatiment of gallstones.
Below, all references to "compound(s) according to formula (I)" refer to compound(s) of the formula (I) as described above, and also their salts, solvates and physiologicallly functional derivatives as described herein.

The amount of a compourid according to formula (I) which is necessary in order to achieve the desired biological effect is dependent on a number of factors, e.g. the specific compound selected, the intended use, the mariner of administration and the clinical condition of the patient. In general, the daily dose is in the range from 0.1 mg to 100 mg (typically from 0.1 mg and 50 mg) per day per kilogram of body weight, e.g. 0.1-10 mg/kg/day. Tablets or capsules can contain, for example, from 0.01 to 100 mg, typically from 0.02 to 50 mg. In the case of pharmaceutically tolerable salts, the abovementioned weight data relate to the weight of the benzothiepine ion derived from the salt. For the prophylaxis or therapy of the abovementioned conditions, the compouinds according to formula (I) can be used themselves as the compound, but preferably they are present in the form of a pharmaceutical composition with a tolerable excipient. The excipient rnust of course be tolerable in the sense that it is compatible with the other 5 constituents of the composition and is not harmful to the health of the patient. The excipient cari be a solid or a liquid or both and is preferably formulated with the compound as an individual dose, for example as a tablet, which can contairi from 0.05% to 95% by weight of the active compound. Further pharmaceutically active substances can also be present, including further compounds according to formula (I)õ The pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention can be prepared by one of the known pharrnaceutical methods, which essentially consists in mixing the constituents with pharmacologically tolerable excipients and/or auxiliaries.
Pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention are those which are suitable for oral and peroral (e.g. sublingual) administration, although the most suitable manner of administration is dependent in each individual case on the nature and severity of the condition to be treated and on the type of the compound according to formula (I) used in each case. Coated formulations and coated clelayed-release formulations are also included in the scope of the invention. Acid-resistant and enteric formulations are preferred. Suitable enteric coatings include cellulose acetate phthalate, polyvinal acetate phthalate, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate and anionic polymers of methacrylic acid and methyl methacrylate.

Suitable pharmaceutical compounds for oral administration can be present in separate units, such as, for example, capsules, cachets, lozenges or tablets, which in each case contain a specific amount of the compound according to formula (I); as a powder or granules; as a solution or suspension in an aqueous or nonaqueous liquid; or as an oil-in-water or water-in oil emulsion. As already mentioned, these compositions can be prepared according to any suitable pharmaceutical method which includes a step in which the active compound and the excipient (which can corisist of one or more additional constituents) are brought into contact. In general, the compositions are prepared by uniform and homogeneous mixing of the active compound with a liquid and/or finely divided solid excipient, after which the product, if necessary, is shaped. For example, a tablet can thus be prepared by pressing or shaping a powder or granules of the compound, if appropriate with one or more additional constituents. Pressed tablets can be produced by tabletingi the compound in free-flowing form, such as, for example, a powder or granules, if appropriate mixed with a binder, lubricant, inert diluent and/or a (number of) surface-active/dispersing agent(s) in a suitable machine. Shaped tablets can be produced by shaping the pulverulent compound moistened with an inert liquid diluent in a suitable machine.

Pharmaceutical compositions which are suitable for peroral (sublingual) administration include lozenges which contain a compound according to formula (I) with a flavoring, customarily sucrose and gum arabic or tragacanth, and pastilles which include the compound in an inert base such as gelatin and glycerol or sucrose and gum arabic.

The invention furthermore relates both to isomer mixtures of the formula I, and the pure stereoisoniers of the formula I, as well as diastereomer mixtures of the formula I and the pure diastereomers. The separation of the mixtures is carried out, in particular, chromatographically.

Preferred racemic and enantiomerically pure compounds of the formula I
are those having the following structure:

O\\ S // O O~ S ~O

R' R

N N

R5 = R 2 R

Z j 3 -_ R~ N R N
H H
Sugar radicals are understood as meaning compounds which are derived from aldoses and ketoses having 3 to 7 carbon atoms and which can belong to the D or L series; these also include amino sugar, sugar alcohols or sugar acids. Examples which may be mentioned are glucose, mannose, fructose, galactose, ribose, erythrose, glyceraldehyde, sedoheptulose, glucosamine, galactosamiine, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, gluconic acid, galactonic acid, mannonic acid, glucamine, 3-amino-1,2-propanediol, glucaric acid and galactaric acid.

Preferred sugar radicals are:
o OH OH O OH OH Vo HO
HO
HO
_ HO IN/ HO~, ,,OH
OH OH OH OH H HH OH
OH
Particularly preferred sugar radicals are:

OH OH O OH OH
HO _ , HO,,J,,yJ~ N/
OH OH OH OH H
Disugars mean saccharicies which consist of two sugar units. Di-, tri- or tetrasaccharides are forrried by acetal-like bonding of 2 or more sugars.
The bonds can in this case occur in the a or R form. Examples which may be mentioned are lactose, maltose and cellobiose.
If the sugar is substituted, the substitution preferably takes place on the hydrogen atom of an OH group of the sugar.

Possible protective groups for the hydroxyl groups of the sugars are essentially the following: benzyl, acetyl, benzoyl, pivaloyl, trityl, tert-butyldimethylsilyl, benzylidene, cyclohexylidene or isopropylidene protective groups.

The invention furthermore relates to a process for the preparation of benzothiepine 1,1-dioxide derivatives of the formula I:

o\\ 0 O\\ /O
s s R~ R~

R~N \ ~.i il1 R", N
R5 R2 --> R5 R2 HZO
I I
NH N~Z`R3 Z H
I I "

A process for the preparation of the compounds of the formula I, which comprises reacting an arriine of the formula II, in which R1, R2, R4 and R5 have the meanings indicated for formula I, with a compound of the formula III, in which R3 and Z have the meanings indicated for formula I, with elimination of water to giive a compound of the formula I and optionally converting the compoundl of the formula I obtained into a physiologically tolerable salt or a physiologically functional derivative. If the radical R3 is a monosugar radical, this radical can optionally also still be lengthened stepwise so as to give the disugar radical, trisugar radical or tetrasugar radical after bonding to th(g amine of the formula II.

The compounds of the formula I and their pharmaceutically tolerable salts and physiologically functional derivatives are ideal pharmaceuticals for the treatment of lipid metabolism disorders, in particular of hyperlipidemia. The compounds of the formula I are likewise suitable for influencing the serum cholesterol level and for the prevention and treatment of arteriosclerotic symptoms. The compounds can optionally also be administered in combination with statins, such as, for example, simvastatatin, fluvastatin, pravastatin, cerivastatin, lovastatin or atorvastin. The following findings confirm the pharmacological efficacy of the compounds according to the invention.

The biological testing of the compounds according to the invention was carried out by determiination of the ED200 excretion. This testing investigates the action of the compounds according to the invention on the bile acid transport in the iliaum and the fecal excretion of bile acids in the rat after oral administration twice daily. The diastereomer mixtures of the compounds were tested.

The test was carried out as follows:

1) Preparation of the test and reference substances The following recipe was used for the formulation of an aqueous solution:
the substances were dissolved in adequate volumes of an aqueous solution comprising Solutol (= polyethylene glycol 600 hydroxystearate;
BASF, Ludwigshafen, _Caermany; Batch No. 1763), so that a final concentration of 5% of Solutol is present in the aqueous solution. The solutions/suspensions were administered orally in a dose of 5 mI/kg.

2) Experimental conditions Male Wistar rats (Kastengrund, Hoechst AG, weight range 250-350 g) were kept in groups of 6 animals each and received a standard feed mixture (Altromin, Lage, Germany) from 10 days before the start of treatment (day 1) with a reversed day/night rhythm (4.00 - 16.00 dark, 16.00 - 4.00 light).
Three days before the start of the experiment (day 0), the animals were divided into groups of 4 ariimals each.
Division of the animals into treatment groups:

Number of the Animal No. / Test substance ~ Dose (mg/kgld) group Analysiis No.

1 1-4 negative control Vehicle 2 5-13 Test substance 2 x 0.008 Dose 1 3 9-12 Test substance 2 x 0.02 Dose 2 4 13-16 Test substance 2 x 0.1 Dose 3 5 17-20 Test substance 2 x 0.5 Dose 4 ~ dissolved/suspended in 5% Solutol HS 15/0.4% starch mucilage 3) Experimental course After intravenous or subcutaneous administration of 5 Ci of 14C-taurocholate per rat (day 0), the vehicles or test substances were given at 7.00-8.00 and at 15.00-16.00 on the following day (day 1) (treatment for one day).
Stool samples for the analysis of 14C-taurocholate were taken every 24 hours directly after the administration of the morning dose. The feces were weighed, stored at -18 C and later suspended in 100 ml of demineralized water and homogenized (IJItra Turrax, Janke & Kunkel, IKA-Werk). Aliquot parts (0.5 g) were weighed and combusted on combustion lids (Combusto Cones, Canberra Packard) in a combustion apparatus (Tri Carb 307 combuster Canberra Packard GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany). The resulting 14CO2 was absorbed with Carbo-Sorb (Canberra Packard). The 5 following 14C radioactivity measurements were determined after addition of the scintillator (Perma-Fluor complete scintillation cocktail No. 6013187, Packard) to the samples with the aid of liquid scintillation counting (LSC).
The fecal excretion of 14C-taurocholic acid was calculated as a cumulative and/or percentage residual radioactivity (see below).
4) Observations and rneasurements The fecal excretion of 14C-TCA was determined in combusted aliquot parts of the stool samples taken at 24-hour intervals, calculated as the "cumulative percentage" of the administered activity and expressed as a %
of the residual activity (= remaining activity, i.e. administered activity minus the already excreted activity). For the calculation of the dose-response curves, the excretion of 1 4C taurocholic acid was expressed as a percentage proportion of the corresponding values of the control group (treated with vehicle). The ED200, i.e. the dose which increases the fecal excretion of 14C taurocholic acid to 200% of the control group, is calculated from a sigmoid or linear dose-response curve by interpolation. The calculated ED200 corresponds to a dose which doubles the fecal excretion of bile acids.

5) Results Table 1 shows measurements of the ED200 excretion.
Table 1:

Compounds from Example ED200 excretion (diastereomer mixture) (mg/kg/d) p.o.

1 0.009 2 0.008 3 0.04 5 0.03 6 0.04 7 0.04 8 0.007 9 0.007 0.04 3 (pure structure 1 1a) 0.008 Comparison Examples 1 0.8 2 1.0 3 0.9 6) Discussion It can be inferred from the measured data that the compounds of the 10 formula I according to the invention have an action which is better by the factor 20 to 100 compared with the compounds described in the prior art.
The following Examples serve to illustrate the invention in greater detail without restricting same to products and embodiments described in the Examples.

Example 1 p O
/S O SO

=-,,~'~~
N N
OH OH

HO N N
= H H
OH OH OH OH
4b 4a C3pH44N2O9S (608.76). MS (M + H)+ = 609.3 Example 2 S o OTOH
O N 0OH O p N

~O O N N
H
O O O H 0 O O~
II ~
3;3 O O 3b C40H54N2014S (818.40), MS (M + H)+ = 819.3 Example 3 o` s o I
N \ ~y O~SO
OH
/ I \ I '=,,~~~

HO N
H
H \ Ohi OH OH 11a OH OH O
HO N N
H H
OH OH 11 b C35H55N30gS (693.91). MS (M + H)+ = 694.4 Example 4 o,, s ,P
/

N ~ 0" .;0 yOH S
OH OH O /
I
HO N OH
= = H H
OH OH 20a OH OH O
HO N
H H
OH OH 20b C37H59N30gS (721.96). N1S (M + H)+ = 722.3 Example 5 0 ,o S /
i I
N

HO`~~' V V_ N N H H N
OH OH OI I
15a OH OH oI' HO`.~/ V V `N N \
H H
OH OH
15b C41 H65N301 OS (792.05). IVIS (M + H) + = 792.5 Example 6 o~1 O~õO
S YOH
O O~ 1 OH O N AO O O O
~ I
AO 0 NOO O H ~ ~ H

101 11 0 O O"'r 6a 0 0 6b C42H58N2014S (846.97), MS (M + H)+ = 847.4 Example 7 0 o"
S~
N N
OH OH

HO N HO N \ I
H H
OH OH OH OH
7a 7b C32H48N209S (636.80). MS (M + H)+ = 637.4 Example 8 O, o 0 I , --~ 1- OH s / I O N

O H '\/'\~ H ~ ~ OH
II O 0 0 8b O
0 ~O Oy- 8a O
O O H H
O O O'Tr C45H63N3015S (918.061. MS (M + H)+ = 918.6 Example 9 o,so \ \ ~ 0 0 N
OH S /
\ I \N \ I ,~~~

HO
H H I OH
OH OH 9a OH OH O O
HO N N
= H H
OH OH 9b C35H53N3010S (707.88). MS (M + H) + = 708.4 Example 10 j ~ OH AO 0 O O O
~o o`o O ~f OH
~ ~ H \~ 0 O ~O OO 1(Ia O O 0 1N I
`/\ N \
0 /O ""r ! i H
O 'yO~ ~O
0 p C47H67N3015S (946.12). MS (M + H)+ = 946.5 Comparison Examples from WO 97/33882 Comparison Example 1 ~

N N OH H2N 25 la lb Comparison Example 2 O.YOH
a.- SN N

~OH O Br H Br H
N
9a 9b Comparison Example 3 o s s ~N N
= yOH OH
O / ~ /~~ O \ I
N N N N
F H /J F H
O O F
F
_ F O
0 _ F
=a 22b The Examples and Comparison Examples were prepared as follows (in the preparations only the synthesis of the a diastereomers is shown):

Reaction scheme 1 /
O~ 'P Ac QAc TOTU ~~ ) + AcOi~Y ~ ~H I . OH
O~ O~ Ac OAc /' I
' OH Ac N \
\ ~ 2 OAc OAc H
HZ
la 3a O, NaOMe/MeOH
OH
OH / I
H H
~

OH OH
4a Reaction scheme 2 O, ,O
s~ OH OH
HOI'A~~ NHZ
N OH OH OH
O
Br' v v N

9a 0 "O
s N
OH
~ OH OH O
HONN
H H
OH OH

11a Reaction scheme 3 OAc O Ac O O
Ac0 ~~/~ ~ -~' CI + HZfv " ~~ OH
OAc OAc S
- \ .. ~
OAc OAc O O
AcO NOH + N
H OH
OAc OAc / I

HZN
1a O~ O
~s~
1. TOTU + 1 N
OH
/
2. NaOMe/MeOH 0 OH (~ H 0 I
3m HO ~H H
OH OH
15a Synthesis of compound 3 as a diastereomer mixture:

300 mg (0.69 mmol) of la/b (preparation analogous to PCT/US 97/04076) and 700 mg (1.7 mmol) of penta-O-acetyl-D-gluconic acid (Org. Synth.
Volume 5, 887) are dissolved in 10 ml of DMF (dimethylformamide).
700 mg (2.1 mmol) of TOTU (Fluka), 250 mg (1.7 mmol) of oxime (ethyl hydroxyiminocyanoacetate; Fluka) and 0.7 mi (5.5 mmol) of NEM
(4-ethylmorpholine) are added successively. After one hour at room temperature, the mixture is diluted with 100 ml of ethyl acetate and washed three times with water. The organic phase is dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue is purified by means of flash chromatography (ethyl acetate/n-heptane 2:1) and 502 mg (88%) of 3aJb are obtained as an amorphous solid. TLC (ethyl acetate/n-heptane 2:1) RF = 0.3. The product 3a/b has the same retention as the starting material la/b, but stains differently with 2 M sulfuric acid.
C40H54N2O14S (818.40), MS (M + H)+ = 819.3.

Synthesis of compound 4 as a diastereomer mixture:

455 mg (0.55 mmol) of 3a/b are dissolved in 20 ml of methanol. After addition of 0.3 ml of a methanolic 1 M sodium methoxide solution, the mixture is allowed to stand at room temperature for one hour. It is then neutralized with methanolic HCI solution and concentrated. The residue is purified using flash chromatography (methylene chloride/methanol/conc.
ammonia 30/5/1) and 280 mg (83%) of 4a/b are obtained as an amorphous solid. TLC (methylene choride/methanol/conc. ammonia 30/5/1). Rf = 0.2.
C30H44N209S (608.76). PJIS (M + H)+ = 609.3.
Synthesis of compound 11 as a diastereomer mixture:

77 mg (0.013 mmol) of 9a/b (preparation analogous to PCT/US 97/ 04076) are dissolved in 4 ml of DMF. After addition of 150 mg (0.082 mmol) of 10 (glucamine, Fluka), the mixture is heated at 80 C for two hours. It is then diluted with 50 ml of ethyl acetate and washed three times with water. The organic phase is dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue is purified by means of flash chromatography (methylene chloride/methanol/conc. ammonia 30/5/1) and 55 mg (61%) of 11 a/b are obtained as an amorphous solid. TLC (methylene chloride/ methanol/conc.
ammonia 30/5/1). Rf = 0.3.
C35H55N3O9S (693.91). MS (M + H)+ = 694.4.
Synthesis of compound 14:

8.0 g (18.8 mmol) of 12 (penta-O-acetyl-D-gluconic acid chloride; Org.
Synth. Volume 5, 887) are added to a suspension of 8.0 g (40 mmol) of 13 (Fluka) in 150 ml of anhydrous DMF. This suspension is vigorously stirred at room temperature for 20 hours. 500 ml of ethyl acetate and 200 ml of water are then added. The aqueous phase is extracted again with 250 ml of ethyl acetate. The combined organic phase is washed three times with sodium chloride solution, dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated.
Yield 9.5 g (86%) of 14 as a colorless oil. TLC (methylene chloride/
methanol/conc. ammonia 30/10/3). Rf = 0.8.
C27H43N013 (589.64). MS (M + H) + = 590.4.

Synthesis of compound 15 as a diastereomer mixture:

200 mg (0.34 mmol) of 14, 78 mg (0.18 mmol) of 1 a/b, 240 mg of TOTU, 80 mg of oxime and 0.3 rril of NEM are reacted in 4 ml of DMF analogously 5 to the procedure for compound 4. After flash chromatography (methylene chloride/methanol/conc. ammonia 30/5/1), 47 mg (33%, over two steps) of 15a/b are obtained as an amorphous solid. TLC (methylene chloride/
methanol/conc. ammonia 30/5/1). Rf = 0.2.
C41 H65N3010S (792.05). MS (M + H)+ = 792.5.

Claims

Claims:

1. A compound of the formula I

in which R1 is methyl, ethyl, propyl, or butyl;

R2 is H, OH, NH2, or NH-(C1-C6)-alkyl;

R3 is a sugar radical, a disugar radical, a trisugar radical, or a tetrasugar radical, the sugar radical, disugar radical, trisugar radical or tetrasugar radical optionally being mono- or polysubstituted by a sugar protective group;

R4 is methyl, ethyl, propyl, or butyl;
R5 is methyl, ethyl, propyl, or butyl;

Z is -(C=O)n-C0-C16-alkyl, -(C=O)n-C0-C16-alkyl-NH-, -(C=O)n-C0-C16-alkyl-O-, -(C=O)n-C,-C16-alkyl-(C=O)m, or a covalent bond;

n is 0 or 1;
m is 0 or 1;

or its pharmaceutically tolerable salts.

2. A compound of the formula I as claimed in claim 1, wherein:

R1 is ethyl, propyl or butyl, or its pharmaceutically tolerable salts.

3. A compound of the formula I as claimed claim 1 or 2 wherein:

R3 is a sugar radical or disugar radical, the sugar radical or disugar radical optionally being mono- or polysubstituted by a sugar protective group, or its pharmaceutically tolerable salts.

4. A compound of the formula I as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein:

R1 is ethyl or butyl, or its pharmaceutically tolerable salts.

5. A compound of the formula I as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein:

R2 is OH, or its pharmaceutically tolerable salts.

6. A compound of the formula I as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein:

R3 is a sugar radical, the sugar radical optionally being mono- or polysubstituted by a sugar protective group, or its pharmaceutically tolerable salts.

7. A compound of the formula I as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6 wherein:

R4 is methyl, or its pharmaceutically tolerable salts.

8. A compound of the formula I as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 wherein:

R5 is methyl, or its pharmaceutically tolerable salts.

9. A compound of the formula I as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8 wherein:

Z is -(C=O)-C0-C4-alkyl or a covalent bond, or its pharmaceutically tolerable salts.

10. A compound of the formula I as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the compound has the following structure or its pharmaceutically tolerable salts.

11. A compound of the formula I as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the compound has the following structure or its pharmaceutically tolerable salts.

12. A process for the preparation of a compound of the formula I as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11, which comprises reacting, according to the following equation, an amine of the formula II, in which R1, R2, R4 and R5 have the meanings indicated for formula I, with a compound of the formula III, in which R3 and Z have the meanings indicated for formula I, with elimination of water to give a compound of the formula I and optionally converting the compound of the formula I obtained into a physiologically tolerable salt.

13. A pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more compounds as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11, and a pharmaceutically tolerable excipient.

14. A pharamaceutical composition comprising one or more compounds as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11 and one or more statins, and a pharmaceutically tolerable excipient.

15. A compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11 for use as a medicament for the treatment of lipid metabolism disorders.

16. A compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11 for use as a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of gallstones.

17. A process for the production of a pharmaceutical composition comprising mixing one or more compounds of formula I as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11, with a pharmaceutically suitable excipient and bringing this mixture into a form suitable for administration.

18. The use of a compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11 for the production of a medicament for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.

19. The use of a compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11 for the production of a medicament for influencing the serum cholesterol level.

20. The use of a compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11 for the production of a medicament for the prevention of arteriosclerotic symptoms.

21. The use of a compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11 for the production of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of gallstones.