CA2327911A1 - Obscuring functions in computer software - Google Patents

Obscuring functions in computer software Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2327911A1
CA2327911A1 CA002327911A CA2327911A CA2327911A1 CA 2327911 A1 CA2327911 A1 CA 2327911A1 CA 002327911 A CA002327911 A CA 002327911A CA 2327911 A CA2327911 A CA 2327911A CA 2327911 A1 CA2327911 A1 CA 2327911A1
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
computer software
functions
obscuring
software
concatenating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
CA002327911A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Harold J. Johnson
Stanley T. Chow
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cloakware Corp
Original Assignee
Cloakware Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cloakware Corp filed Critical Cloakware Corp
Priority to CA002327911A priority Critical patent/CA2327911A1/en
Priority to CA002431443A priority patent/CA2431443A1/en
Priority to US10/433,966 priority patent/US7397916B2/en
Priority to EP01999868A priority patent/EP1350154A2/en
Priority to PCT/CA2001/001729 priority patent/WO2002046890A2/en
Priority to AU2002221414A priority patent/AU2002221414A1/en
Publication of CA2327911A1 publication Critical patent/CA2327911A1/en
Priority to US11/020,313 priority patent/US7809135B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F21/10—Protecting distributed programs or content, e.g. vending or licensing of copyrighted material ; Digital rights management [DRM]
    • G06F21/12—Protecting executable software
    • G06F21/121—Restricting unauthorised execution of programs
    • G06F21/125—Restricting unauthorised execution of programs by manipulating the program code, e.g. source code, compiled code, interpreted code, machine code
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F21/10—Protecting distributed programs or content, e.g. vending or licensing of copyrighted material ; Digital rights management [DRM]
    • G06F21/12—Protecting executable software
    • G06F21/14—Protecting executable software against software analysis or reverse engineering, e.g. by obfuscation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09C—CIPHERING OR DECIPHERING APPARATUS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC OR OTHER PURPOSES INVOLVING THE NEED FOR SECRECY
    • G09C1/00—Apparatus or methods whereby a given sequence of signs, e.g. an intelligible text, is transformed into an unintelligible sequence of signs by transposing the signs or groups of signs or by replacing them by others according to a predetermined system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/002—Countermeasures against attacks on cryptographic mechanisms
    • H04L9/003—Countermeasures against attacks on cryptographic mechanisms for power analysis, e.g. differential power analysis [DPA] or simple power analysis [SPA]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/06—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for block-wise or stream coding, e.g. DES systems or RC4; Hash functions; Pseudorandom sequence generators
    • H04L9/0618—Block ciphers, i.e. encrypting groups of characters of a plain text message using fixed encryption transformation
    • H04L9/0625—Block ciphers, i.e. encrypting groups of characters of a plain text message using fixed encryption transformation with splitting of the data block into left and right halves, e.g. Feistel based algorithms, DES, FEAL, IDEA or KASUMI
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/06—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for block-wise or stream coding, e.g. DES systems or RC4; Hash functions; Pseudorandom sequence generators
    • H04L9/0618—Block ciphers, i.e. encrypting groups of characters of a plain text message using fixed encryption transformation
    • H04L9/0631—Substitution permutation network [SPN], i.e. cipher composed of a number of stages or rounds each involving linear and nonlinear transformations, e.g. AES algorithms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L2209/00—Additional information or applications relating to cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communication H04L9/00
    • H04L2209/08—Randomization, e.g. dummy operations or using noise
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L2209/00—Additional information or applications relating to cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communication H04L9/00
    • H04L2209/16—Obfuscation or hiding, e.g. involving white box
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L2209/00—Additional information or applications relating to cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communication H04L9/00
    • H04L2209/24—Key scheduling, i.e. generating round keys or sub-keys for block encryption

Abstract

In traditional black-box cryptography, the attacker knows the al-gorithm, but has no visibility into its execution.
For white-box cryptography, we would have to hide the key when the attacker has total visibility into its software implementation and execution.
(Many believe this impossible: we think there is progress but it needs more work.) This would open up a host of intriguing applications and would be likely to simplify many complex protocols.
We suggest methods to make finding an encryption key harder (so far as we have yet discovered) than expected. Our purpose is similar to that of Auc-smith and Graunke's split encryption/decryption[1], but by somewhat different methods.
We focus on symmetric block ciphers implemented by substitution boxes and linear transformations, with DES[2, 4] providing an example. We address efficiency only superficially, leaving full coverage for more work and a later paper.
We have applied for patents on the methods we describe.

Claims (19)

1. A method of obscuring computer software comprising the step of:
de-linearizing functions in said computer software.
2. A method of obscuring computer software comprising the step of:
partially evaluating functions in said computer software.
3. A method of obscuring computer software comprising the step of:
substituting functions in said computer software with suitable non-linear bijections.
4. A method of obscuring computer software comprising the step of:
performing complementary encoding of operands of functions in said computer software.
5. A method of obscuring computer software comprising the step of:
substituting functions in said computer software with suitable non-linear input/output (I/O) blocked bijections of said functions.
6. A method of obscuring computer software comprising the step of:
concatenating functions in said computer software with one another.
7. A method of obscuring computer software comprising the step of:
concatenating functions in said computer software with one another, and with other functions.
8. A method of obscuring computer software comprising the step of:
concatenating functions in said computer software with suitable identity transforms.
9. A method of obscuring computer software comprising the step of:
concatenating functions in said computer software with suitable general functions.
10. A method of obscuring computer software comprising the step of:
split-path encoding of functions in said computer software.
11. A method of obscuring computer software comprising the step of:
encoding functions in said computer software as bijections.
12. A method of obscuring computer software comprising the step of:
simultaneous by-pass encoding of functions in said computer software.
13. A method of obscuring computer software comprising the step of:
output splitting of functions in said computer software.
14. A method of obscuring computer software comprising the step of:
replacing functions in said computer software with substitution boxes.
15. A method of obscuring computer software comprising the step of:
replacing functions in said computer software with networks of substitution boxes.
16. A system for executing the method of any one of claims 1 through 15.
17. An apparatus for executing the method of any one of claims 1 through 15.
18. A computer readable memory medium for storing software code executable to perform the method steps of any one of claims 1 through 15.
19. A carrier signal incorporating software code executable to perform the method steps of any one of claims 1 through 15.
CA002327911A 2000-12-08 2000-12-08 Obscuring functions in computer software Abandoned CA2327911A1 (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA002327911A CA2327911A1 (en) 2000-12-08 2000-12-08 Obscuring functions in computer software
CA002431443A CA2431443A1 (en) 2000-12-08 2001-12-10 System and method for protecting computer software from a white box attack
US10/433,966 US7397916B2 (en) 2000-12-08 2001-12-10 System and method for protecting computer software from a white box attack
EP01999868A EP1350154A2 (en) 2000-12-08 2001-12-10 System and method for protecting computer software from a white box attack
PCT/CA2001/001729 WO2002046890A2 (en) 2000-12-08 2001-12-10 System and method for protecting computer software from a white box attack
AU2002221414A AU2002221414A1 (en) 2000-12-08 2001-12-10 System and method for protecting computer software from a white box attack
US11/020,313 US7809135B2 (en) 2000-12-08 2004-12-27 System and method for protecting computer software from a white box attack

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA002327911A CA2327911A1 (en) 2000-12-08 2000-12-08 Obscuring functions in computer software

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2327911A1 true CA2327911A1 (en) 2002-06-08

Family

ID=4167864

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA002327911A Abandoned CA2327911A1 (en) 2000-12-08 2000-12-08 Obscuring functions in computer software
CA002431443A Abandoned CA2431443A1 (en) 2000-12-08 2001-12-10 System and method for protecting computer software from a white box attack

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA002431443A Abandoned CA2431443A1 (en) 2000-12-08 2001-12-10 System and method for protecting computer software from a white box attack

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (2) US7397916B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1350154A2 (en)
AU (1) AU2002221414A1 (en)
CA (2) CA2327911A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2002046890A2 (en)

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