CA2325716A1 - Liquid, radiation-curable composition, especially for stereolithography - Google Patents
Liquid, radiation-curable composition, especially for stereolithographyInfo
- Publication number
- CA2325716A1 CA2325716A1 CA002325716A CA2325716A CA2325716A1 CA 2325716 A1 CA2325716 A1 CA 2325716A1 CA 002325716 A CA002325716 A CA 002325716A CA 2325716 A CA2325716 A CA 2325716A CA 2325716 A1 CA2325716 A1 CA 2325716A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- actinic radiation
- liquid
- curable
- solid
- organic substance
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title abstract 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title abstract 3
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 229920003986 novolac Polymers 0.000 abstract 2
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- -1 alicyclic epoxide Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010538 cationic polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycidyl ether Chemical compound C1OC1COCC1CO1 GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/038—Macromolecular compounds which are rendered insoluble or differentially wettable
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
- B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/46—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation
- C08F2/48—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation by ultraviolet or visible light
- C08F2/50—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation by ultraviolet or visible light with sensitising agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L63/00—Compositions of epoxy resins; Compositions of derivatives of epoxy resins
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/0037—Production of three-dimensional images
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/027—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/039—Macromolecular compounds which are photodegradable, e.g. positive electron resists
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Epoxy Resins (AREA)
- Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to novel resin compositions containing at least one solid or liquid actinic radiation-curable and cationically polymerizable organic substance, an actinic radiation-sensitive initiator for cationic polymerization, an actinic radiation-curable and radical-polymerizable organic substance and an actinic radiation-sensitive initiator for radical polymerization. The actinic radiation-curable and cationically polymerizable organic substance is at least one glycidylether of a polyhydric aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic alcohol having at least three epoxy groups with epoxy equivalent weight between 90 and 800 grams per equivalent, at least one solid or liquid alicyclic epoxide with an epoxy equivalent weight between 90 and 330 grams per equivalent having at least two epoxy groups and monomer purity greater than about 90 % by weight, or at least a solid or liquid epoxycresol novolac or epoxyphenol novolac having epoxy equivalent weight between 130 and 350, or mixtures thereof. The use of the above-mentioned cationically polymerizable components substantially increases the heat deflection temperature of the cured articles while maintaining high photospeed, accuracy, wetting-recoatability, water resistance and good side wall finish. The present invention further relates to a method of producing a cured product, particularly a three-dimensional article, in which compositions described above are treated with actinic radiation.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/055,832 | 1998-04-06 | ||
US09/055,832 US6100007A (en) | 1998-04-06 | 1998-04-06 | Liquid radiation-curable composition especially for producing cured articles by stereolithography having high heat deflection temperatures |
PCT/EP1999/002033 WO1999052017A1 (en) | 1998-04-06 | 1999-03-25 | Liquid, radiation-curable composition, especially for stereolithography |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA2325716A1 true CA2325716A1 (en) | 1999-10-14 |
CA2325716C CA2325716C (en) | 2007-05-15 |
Family
ID=22000442
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA002325716A Expired - Lifetime CA2325716C (en) | 1998-04-06 | 1999-03-25 | Liquid, radiation-curable composition, especially for stereolithography |
Country Status (15)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US6100007A (en) |
EP (2) | EP1327911B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4798846B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100608588B1 (en) |
CN (2) | CN1690855B (en) |
AT (1) | ATE242890T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU748042B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR9909404A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2325716C (en) |
DE (1) | DE69908775T2 (en) |
IL (1) | IL138449A0 (en) |
MY (1) | MY133766A (en) |
TR (1) | TR200002895T2 (en) |
TW (1) | TW593525B (en) |
WO (1) | WO1999052017A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (64)
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DE69940916D1 (en) * | 1998-02-18 | 2009-07-09 | Dsm Ip Assets Bv | Photohardenable liquid resin composition |
EP1106639B1 (en) * | 1998-03-20 | 2007-08-29 | Nippon Soda Co., Ltd. | Photocurable composition containing iodonium salt compound |
US6379866B2 (en) * | 2000-03-31 | 2002-04-30 | Dsm Desotech Inc | Solid imaging compositions for preparing polypropylene-like articles |
US6287748B1 (en) | 1998-07-10 | 2001-09-11 | Dsm N.V. | Solid imaging compositions for preparing polyethylene-like articles |
US20060154175A9 (en) * | 1998-07-10 | 2006-07-13 | Lawton John A | Solid imaging compositions for preparing polypropylene-like articles |
US6762002B2 (en) | 1998-07-10 | 2004-07-13 | Dsm Desotech, Inc. | Solid imaging compositions for preparing polypropylene-like articles |
JP4350832B2 (en) * | 1999-04-19 | 2009-10-21 | Jsr株式会社 | Photocurable resin composition for three-dimensional modeling and a modeled product obtained by curing the same |
US6574523B1 (en) * | 2000-05-05 | 2003-06-03 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Selective control of mechanical properties in stereolithographic build style configuration |
US6811937B2 (en) | 2001-06-21 | 2004-11-02 | Dsm Desotech, Inc. | Radiation-curable resin composition and rapid prototyping process using the same |
US6989225B2 (en) * | 2002-07-18 | 2006-01-24 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Stereolithographic resins with high temperature and high impact resistance |
US6833231B2 (en) * | 2002-07-31 | 2004-12-21 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Toughened stereolithographic resin compositions |
US20040077745A1 (en) * | 2002-10-18 | 2004-04-22 | Jigeng Xu | Curable compositions and rapid prototyping process using the same |
US20040087687A1 (en) * | 2002-10-30 | 2004-05-06 | Vantico A&T Us Inc. | Photocurable compositions with phosphite viscosity stabilizers |
US7211368B2 (en) * | 2003-01-07 | 2007-05-01 | 3 Birds, Inc. | Stereolithography resins and methods |
US20040137368A1 (en) * | 2003-01-13 | 2004-07-15 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Stereolithographic resins containing selected oxetane compounds |
US20040170923A1 (en) * | 2003-02-27 | 2004-09-02 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Colored stereolithographic resins |
US6856283B2 (en) * | 2003-02-28 | 2005-02-15 | Raytheon Company | Method and apparatus for a power system for phased-array radar |
EP1612623A4 (en) * | 2003-04-09 | 2007-04-04 | Konica Minolta Med & Graphic | Holographic recording medium and recording method using the same |
US7354643B2 (en) | 2003-06-24 | 2008-04-08 | Cmet Inc. | Three-dimensional object and method of producing the same |
US20050040562A1 (en) * | 2003-08-19 | 2005-02-24 | 3D Systems Inc. | Nanoparticle-filled stereolithographic resins |
US7120512B2 (en) * | 2003-08-25 | 2006-10-10 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Method and a system for solid freeform fabricating using non-reactive powder |
US7232850B2 (en) * | 2003-10-03 | 2007-06-19 | Huntsman Advanced Materials Americas Inc. | Photocurable compositions for articles having stable tensile properties |
US20070149667A1 (en) * | 2003-10-16 | 2007-06-28 | Dsm Ip Assets B.V. | Curable compositions and rapid prototyping process using the same |
DE10349394A1 (en) * | 2003-10-21 | 2005-05-25 | Marabuwerke Gmbh & Co. Kg | UV-curing binder for paints or varnishes for printing on glass and method for printing on glass substrates |
WO2005045525A1 (en) * | 2003-11-06 | 2005-05-19 | Dsm Ip Assets B.V. | Curable compositions and rapid prototyping process using the same |
US20050101684A1 (en) * | 2003-11-06 | 2005-05-12 | Xiaorong You | Curable compositions and rapid prototyping process using the same |
KR20060113932A (en) * | 2003-12-02 | 2006-11-03 | 디에스엠 아이피 어셋츠 비.브이. | Flame retardant radiation curable compositions |
US20050165127A1 (en) * | 2003-12-31 | 2005-07-28 | Dsm Desotech, Inc. | Solid imaging compositions for preparing polyethylene-like articles |
ATE527099T1 (en) * | 2004-03-22 | 2011-10-15 | Huntsman Adv Mat Switzerland | PHOTOHARDABLE COMPOSITIONS |
WO2006137884A2 (en) * | 2004-09-28 | 2006-12-28 | Brewer, Science Inc. | Curable high refractive index resins for optoelectronic applications |
JP4809006B2 (en) * | 2005-07-05 | 2011-11-02 | 太陽ホールディングス株式会社 | Colored photosensitive resin composition and cured product thereof |
WO2007031505A1 (en) * | 2005-09-13 | 2007-03-22 | Huntsman Advanced Materials (Switzerland) Gmbh | Photocurable compositions for preparing abs-like articles |
JP4021915B2 (en) * | 2005-11-25 | 2007-12-12 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | Photocurable liquid resin production method and photocurable liquid resin produced by the method |
DE102006000867A1 (en) | 2006-01-05 | 2007-07-12 | Marabuwerke Gmbh & Co. Kg | UV-curing glass printing ink and UV-curing glass printing ink and method for printing on glass substrates |
US20080103226A1 (en) * | 2006-10-31 | 2008-05-01 | Dsm Ip Assets B.V. | Photo-curable resin composition |
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JP5012462B2 (en) * | 2007-12-03 | 2012-08-29 | Jsr株式会社 | Photocurable composition for stereolithography, carbonized article, and method for producing the same |
US20100190881A1 (en) | 2009-01-28 | 2010-07-29 | 3D Systems, Incorporated | Radiation Curable Compositions Useful in Solid Freeform Fabrication Systems |
US8901199B2 (en) | 2009-09-08 | 2014-12-02 | Creative Nail Design, Inc. | Compositions and methods for UV-curable cosmetic nail coatings |
US8492454B2 (en) | 2009-10-05 | 2013-07-23 | Creative Nail Design, Inc. | Removable color layer for artificial nail coatings and methods therefore |
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JP6414411B2 (en) | 2013-08-09 | 2018-10-31 | ディーエスエム アイピー アセッツ ビー.ブイ.Dsm Ip Assets B.V. | Low viscosity liquid radiation curable dental aligner mold resin composition for additive manufacturing |
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US10604659B2 (en) | 2015-06-08 | 2020-03-31 | Dsm Ip Assets B.V. | Liquid, hybrid UV/VIS radiation curable resin compositions for additive fabrication |
EP3294780A4 (en) * | 2015-06-08 | 2018-11-21 | DSM IP Assets B.V. | Liquid, hybrid uv/vis radiation curable resin compositions for additive fabrication |
CN108602936A (en) * | 2015-07-14 | 2018-09-28 | 汉高知识产权控股有限责任公司 | Monomer and oligomeric resin for filled type sealant application of instiling |
US11141919B2 (en) | 2015-12-09 | 2021-10-12 | Holo, Inc. | Multi-material stereolithographic three dimensional printing |
JP2019516823A (en) | 2016-04-08 | 2019-06-20 | ソルベイ スペシャルティ ポリマーズ ユーエスエー, エルエルシー | PHOTO-CURABLE POLYMER, PHOTO-CURABLE POLYMER COMPOSITION, AND LITHOGRAPHIC PROCESS COMPRISING THE SAME |
WO2018164012A1 (en) * | 2017-03-06 | 2018-09-13 | マクセルホールディングス株式会社 | Model material ink set, support material composition, ink set, three-dimensional shaped object, and method for manufacturing three-dimensional shaped object |
US10935891B2 (en) | 2017-03-13 | 2021-03-02 | Holo, Inc. | Multi wavelength stereolithography hardware configurations |
US10316213B1 (en) | 2017-05-01 | 2019-06-11 | Formlabs, Inc. | Dual-cure resins and related methods |
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-
1998
- 1998-04-06 US US09/055,832 patent/US6100007A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1999
- 1999-03-19 MY MYPI99001025A patent/MY133766A/en unknown
- 1999-03-25 AT AT99917859T patent/ATE242890T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-03-25 DE DE69908775T patent/DE69908775T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-03-25 AU AU35993/99A patent/AU748042B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-03-25 TR TR2000/02895T patent/TR200002895T2/en unknown
- 1999-03-25 KR KR1020007011144A patent/KR100608588B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-03-25 WO PCT/EP1999/002033 patent/WO1999052017A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1999-03-25 EP EP03075568.0A patent/EP1327911B1/en not_active Revoked
- 1999-03-25 EP EP99917859A patent/EP1086403B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-03-25 IL IL13844999A patent/IL138449A0/en unknown
- 1999-03-25 JP JP2000542694A patent/JP4798846B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-03-25 CA CA002325716A patent/CA2325716C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-03-25 BR BR9909404-5A patent/BR9909404A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-03-25 CN CN2005100659999A patent/CN1690855B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-03-25 CN CNB99804847XA patent/CN1273868C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-04-03 TW TW088105355A patent/TW593525B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2000
- 2000-06-22 US US09/602,172 patent/US6413696B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2002
- 2002-05-14 US US10/143,907 patent/US20020160309A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6100007A (en) | 2000-08-08 |
KR100608588B1 (en) | 2006-08-03 |
DE69908775T2 (en) | 2004-04-22 |
CN1296578A (en) | 2001-05-23 |
CN1690855B (en) | 2010-06-16 |
TW593525B (en) | 2004-06-21 |
ATE242890T1 (en) | 2003-06-15 |
US6413696B1 (en) | 2002-07-02 |
BR9909404A (en) | 2000-12-19 |
WO1999052017A1 (en) | 1999-10-14 |
CA2325716C (en) | 2007-05-15 |
EP1327911B1 (en) | 2014-05-07 |
EP1086403B1 (en) | 2003-06-11 |
DE69908775D1 (en) | 2003-07-17 |
KR20010042514A (en) | 2001-05-25 |
TR200002895T2 (en) | 2001-01-22 |
MY133766A (en) | 2007-11-30 |
CN1273868C (en) | 2006-09-06 |
EP1327911A1 (en) | 2003-07-16 |
US20020160309A1 (en) | 2002-10-31 |
AU3599399A (en) | 1999-10-25 |
IL138449A0 (en) | 2001-10-31 |
JP2002510748A (en) | 2002-04-09 |
JP4798846B2 (en) | 2011-10-19 |
AU748042B2 (en) | 2002-05-30 |
CN1690855A (en) | 2005-11-02 |
EP1086403A1 (en) | 2001-03-28 |
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