CA2323550A1 - Visual prosthesis - Google Patents

Visual prosthesis Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2323550A1
CA2323550A1 CA002323550A CA2323550A CA2323550A1 CA 2323550 A1 CA2323550 A1 CA 2323550A1 CA 002323550 A CA002323550 A CA 002323550A CA 2323550 A CA2323550 A CA 2323550A CA 2323550 A1 CA2323550 A1 CA 2323550A1
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
visual
radio frequency
signal output
image
electrode array
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CA002323550A
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
CA2323550C (en
Inventor
Mark S. Humayun
Eugene De Juan Jr.
Robert J. Greenberg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Johns Hopkins University
Original Assignee
Johns Hopkins University
Mark S. Humayun
Eugene De Juan Jr.
Robert J. Greenberg
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=21919116&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=CA2323550(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Johns Hopkins University, Mark S. Humayun, Eugene De Juan Jr., Robert J. Greenberg filed Critical Johns Hopkins University
Priority to CA2621123A priority Critical patent/CA2621123C/en
Publication of CA2323550A1 publication Critical patent/CA2323550A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA2323550C publication Critical patent/CA2323550C/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/36046—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation of the eye
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M39/00—Tubes, tube connectors, tube couplings, valves, access sites or the like, specially adapted for medical use
    • A61M39/10—Tube connectors; Tube couplings
    • A61M39/1011—Locking means for securing connection; Additional tamper safeties
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/178—Syringes
    • A61M5/31—Details
    • A61M5/32—Needles; Details of needles pertaining to their connection with syringe or hub; Accessories for bringing the needle into, or holding the needle on, the body; Devices for protection of needles
    • A61M5/3205—Apparatus for removing or disposing of used needles or syringes, e.g. containers; Means for protection against accidental injuries from used needles
    • A61M5/321—Means for protection against accidental injuries by used needles
    • A61M5/3213—Caps placed axially onto the needle, e.g. equipped with finger protection guards
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M39/00—Tubes, tube connectors, tube couplings, valves, access sites or the like, specially adapted for medical use
    • A61M39/10—Tube connectors; Tube couplings
    • A61M2039/1033—Swivel nut connectors, e.g. threaded connectors, bayonet-connectors
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M39/00—Tubes, tube connectors, tube couplings, valves, access sites or the like, specially adapted for medical use
    • A61M39/10—Tube connectors; Tube couplings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/02—Details
    • A61N1/04—Electrodes
    • A61N1/05—Electrodes for implantation or insertion into the body, e.g. heart electrode
    • A61N1/0526—Head electrodes
    • A61N1/0543—Retinal electrodes

Abstract

A visual prosthesis comprises a camera for perceiving a visual image and generating a visual signal output, retinal tissue stimulation circuitry adapted to be operatively attached to the user's retina, and wireless communication circuitry for transmitting the visual signal output to the retinal tissue stimulation circuitry within the eye. To generate the visual signal output the camera converts a visual image to electrical impulses which are sampled to selecting an image at a given point in time. The sampled image signal is then encoded to allow a pixelized display of it. This signal then is used to modulate a radio frequency carrier signal. A tuned coil pair having a primary and a secondary coil are used to transmit and receive the RF modulated visual signal which is then demodulated within the eye. The retinal stimulation circuitry includes a decoder for decoding the visual signal output into a plurality of individual stimulation control signals which are used by current generation circuitry to generate stimulation current signals to be used by an electrode array having a plurality of electrodes forming a matrix. The intraocular components are powered from energy extracted from the transmitted visual signal. The electrode array is attached to the retina via tacks, magnets, or adhesive.

Claims (25)

1. A visual prosthesis, comprising:
means for perceiving a visual image, said means producing a visual signal output in response thereto;
retinal tissue stimulation means adapted to be operatively attached to a retina of a user; and wireless visual signal communication means for transmitting said visual signal output to said retinal tissue stimulation means.
2. The visual prosthesis of claim 1, wherein said means for perceiving a visual image comprises:
camera means for converting a visual image to electrical impulses;
image sampling means coupled to said camera means for selecting an image at a given point in time; and encoder means coupled to said image sampling means for encoding said selected image to allow a pixelized display thereof.
3. The visual prosthesis of claim 1, wherein said retinal tissue stimulation means comprises:
decoder means responsive to said visual signal output for decoding said visual signal output into a plurality of individual stimulation control signals;
current generation circuitry means coupled to said decoder means and responsive to said plurality of individual stimulation control signals for generating stimulation current signals; and an electrode array having a plurality of electrodes operatively coupled to said current generation circuitry means, said electrodes being responsive to said individual stimulation control signals to generate stimulation pulses sufficient to stimulate retinal tissue. .
4. The visual prosthesis of claim 3, said electrode array further comprising attachment means adapted for attaching said electrode array to the retina of a user.
5. The visual prosthesis of claim 4, wherein said electrode array defines at least one mounting aperture therein, and wherein said attachment means comprises at least one retinal tack positioned within said at least one mounting aperture.
6. The visual prosthesis of claim 4, wherein said electrode array includes an outer surface edge defining at least two scalloped portions therein, and wherein said attachment means comprises a retinal tack positioned within each of said scalloped portions.
7. The visual prosthesis of claim 4, wherein said electrode array includes at least a first magnet attached thereto, and wherein said attachment means comprises a second magnet adapted to be attached on the outside of the sclera of a user opposite a desired point of attachment of said electrode array on the retina.
8. The visual prosthesis of claim 4, wherein said attachment means comprises adhesive placed on a surface of said electrode array to be attached to the retina.
9. The visual prosthesis of claim 1, wherein said wireless visual signal communication means comprises:
a carrier generator means for generating a radio frequency carrier signal;
modulator means responsive to said radio frequency carrier signal and to said visual signal output for modulating said radio frequency carrier signal by said visual signal output, said modulator means producing a radio frequency modulated image signal;
a tuned coil pair having a primary and a secondary coil, said primary coil operatively coupled to said modulator means to transmit said radio frequency modulated image signal, said secondary coil being tuned to receive said radio frequency modulated image signal;
and demodulator means coupled to said secondary coil for extracting said visual signal output from said radio frequency carrier signal.
10. The visual prosthesis of claim 9, further comprising power supply means coupled to said secondary coil for powering said retinal tissue stimulation means and said demodulator means by extracting energy from said radio frequency modulated image signal.
11. The visual prosthesis of claim 10, wherein said power supply means rectifies said radio frequency carrier signal from said radio frequency modulated image signal received by said secondary coil to produce a dc power output to power said retinal tissue stimulation means and said demodulator means.
12. A medical device to at least partially restore vision in users who suffer from photoreceptor degenerative conditions, comprising:
camera means for converting a visual image to electrical impulses;
image sampling means coupled to said camera means for selecting an image at a given point in time;
encoder means coupled to said image sampling means for encoding said selected image to allow a pixelized display thereof, said encoder means outputting a visual signal output;
a carrier generator means for generating a radio frequency carrier signal;
modulator means responsive to said radio frequency carrier signal and to said visual signal output for modulating said radio frequency carrier signal by said visual signal output, said modulator means producing a radio frequency modulated image signal;
a tuned coil pair having a primary and a secondary coil, said primary coil operatively coupled to said modulator means to transmit said radio frequency modulated image signal, said secondary coil being tuned to receive said radio frequency modulated image signal;
demodulator means coupled to said secondary coil for extracting said visual signal output from said radio frequency carrier signal;
decoder means coupled t.o said demodulator means and responsive to said visual signal output for decoding said visual signal output into a plurality of individual stimulation control signals;
current generation circuitry means coupled to said decoder means and responsive to said plurality of individual stimulation control signals for generating stimulation current signals; and an electrode array having a plurality of electrodes operatively coupled to said current generation circuitry means, said electrodes being responsive to said individual stimulation control signals to generate stimulation pulses sufficient to stimulate retinal tissue to generate phosphenes.
13. The medical device of claim 12, further comprising power supply means coupled to said secondary coil for powering said demodulator means, said decoder means, and said current generation circuitry means by extracting energy from said radio frequency modulated image signal.
14. The medical device of claim 13, wherein said electrode array is adapted for intraocular implantation.
15. The medical device of claim 14, wherein said secondary coil is adapted for intraocular implantation.
16. The medical device of claim 15, wherein said demodulator means, said decoder means, said current generation circuitry means, and said power supply means are adapted for intraocular implantation.
17. The medical device of claim 14, further comprising attachment means adapted for attaching said electrode array to retinal tissue of the user.
18. The medical device of claim 17, wherein said electrode array defines at least one mounting aperture therein, and wherein said attachment means comprises at least one retinal tack positioned within said at least one mounting aperture.
19. The medical device of claim 17, wherein said electrode array includes an outer surface edge defining at least two scalloped portions therein, and wherein said attachment means comprises a retinal tack positioned within each of said scalloped portions.
20. The medical device of claim 17, wherein said electrode array includes at least a first magnet attached thereto, and wherein said attachment means comprises a second magnet adapted to be attached on the outside of the sclera of a user opposite a desired point of attachment of said electrode array on the retina.
21. The medical device of claim 17, wherein said attachment means comprises adhesive placed on a surface of said electrode array to be attached to the retina.
22. A method of at least partially restoring vision to users who suffer from photoreceptor degenerative retinal conditions of the eye, comprising the steps of:
perceiving a visual image and producing a visual signal output in response thereto;
wirelessly transmitting the visual signal output into the eye;
stimulating retinal tissue of the user in accordance with the visual signal output.
23. The method of claim 22, wherein said step of perceiving a visual image and producing a visual signal output in response thereto comprises the steps of:
converting a visual image to electrical impulses;
sampling the electrical impulses corresponding to an image at a given point in time: and encoding said selected image to allow a pixelized display thereof.
24. The method of claim 22, wherein said step of wirelessly transmitting the visual signal output into the eye comprises the steps of:
generating a radio frequency carrier signal;
modulating said radio frequency carrier signal by said visual signal output to produce a radio frequency modulated image signal;

transmitting said radio frequency modulated image signal;
receiving said radio frequency modulated image signal; and extracting said visual signal output from said radio frequency carrier signal.
25. The method of claim 22, wherein said step of stimulating retinal tissue of the user in accordance with the visual signal output comprises the steps of:
decoding said visual signal output into a plurality of individual stimulation control signals;
generating stimulation current signals; and . applying stimulation to the retinal tissue in accordance with the stimulation current signals.
CA2323550A 1998-03-13 1999-03-11 Visual prosthesis Expired - Lifetime CA2323550C (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA2621123A CA2621123C (en) 1998-03-13 1999-03-11 Visual prothesis

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/041,933 US5935155A (en) 1998-03-13 1998-03-13 Visual prosthesis and method of using same
US09/041,933 1998-03-13
PCT/US1999/005258 WO1999045870A1 (en) 1998-03-13 1999-03-11 Visual prosthesis

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA2621123A Division CA2621123C (en) 1998-03-13 1999-03-11 Visual prothesis

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2323550A1 true CA2323550A1 (en) 1999-09-16
CA2323550C CA2323550C (en) 2010-07-20

Family

ID=21919116

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA2323550A Expired - Lifetime CA2323550C (en) 1998-03-13 1999-03-11 Visual prosthesis

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US5935155A (en)
EP (7) EP1702647A1 (en)
JP (1) JP3926564B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE328559T1 (en)
AU (1) AU751995B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2323550C (en)
DE (5) DE29924944U1 (en)
WO (1) WO1999045870A1 (en)

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