CA2313686A1 - Constant heating value aqueous fuel mixture and method for formulating the same - Google Patents
Constant heating value aqueous fuel mixture and method for formulating the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2313686A1 CA2313686A1 CA002313686A CA2313686A CA2313686A1 CA 2313686 A1 CA2313686 A1 CA 2313686A1 CA 002313686 A CA002313686 A CA 002313686A CA 2313686 A CA2313686 A CA 2313686A CA 2313686 A1 CA2313686 A1 CA 2313686A1
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- Prior art keywords
- set forth
- emulsion composition
- fuel emulsion
- method set
- weight percent
- Prior art date
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract 29
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract 23
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract 7
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims abstract 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 7
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 claims abstract 7
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract 6
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 6
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract 6
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract 6
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 claims abstract 6
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims 5
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical compound [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims 2
- -1 di-substituted amides Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229920005682 EO-PO block copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002826 nitrites Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/04—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for minimising corrosion or incrustation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
- C10L1/1233—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof
- C10L1/125—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/1811—Organic compounds containing oxygen peroxides; ozonides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
- C10L1/1822—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
- C10L1/1824—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms mono-hydroxy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
- C10L1/1881—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof carboxylic group attached to an aliphatic carbon atom
- C10L1/1883—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof carboxylic group attached to an aliphatic carbon atom polycarboxylic acid
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/198—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid
- C10L1/1985—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid polyethers, e.g. di- polygylcols and derivatives; ethers - esters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
- C10L1/2222—(cyclo)aliphatic amines; polyamines (no macromolecular substituent 30C); quaternair ammonium compounds; carbamates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
- C10L1/2222—(cyclo)aliphatic amines; polyamines (no macromolecular substituent 30C); quaternair ammonium compounds; carbamates
- C10L1/2225—(cyclo)aliphatic amines; polyamines (no macromolecular substituent 30C); quaternair ammonium compounds; carbamates hydroxy containing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
- C10L1/224—Amides; Imides carboxylic acid amides, imides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/23—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/23—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites
- C10L1/231—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites nitro compounds; nitrates; nitrites
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/238—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/26—Organic compounds containing phosphorus
- C10L1/2633—Organic compounds containing phosphorus phosphorus bond to oxygen (no P. C. bond)
- C10L1/2641—Organic compounds containing phosphorus phosphorus bond to oxygen (no P. C. bond) oxygen bonds only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/26—Organic compounds containing phosphorus
- C10L1/2666—Organic compounds containing phosphorus macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/2683—Organic compounds containing phosphorus macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon to carbon bonds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/28—Organic compounds containing silicon
- C10L1/285—Organic compounds containing silicon macromolecular compounds
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
A method of formulating a fuel emulsion composition for use in a specified compression ignition engine in which the fuel composition includes a hydrocarbon petroleum distillate, purified water; alcohol; and an additive composition comprising various ingredients. The types and amounts of the fuel and alcohol are selected so that the sum of its net heating value (lower heating value * percent of total composition) and the net heating value of the additive composition yields a net heating value of the aqueous fuel composition that is within the operating parameters for fuel heating values for the engine.
Claims (20)
1. A method of formulating an aqueous fuel emulsion composition for a compression ignition engine, said compression ignition engine having a number of operating specifications including a range for an acceptable lower heat value for fuels, said aqueous fuel emulsion composition comprising, hydrocarbon petroleum distillate; purified water;
alcohol; and an additive composition, the method comprising the steps of:
selecting the type and amount of additive compositions to be included in said fuel emulsion composition;
selecting the amount of purified water to be included in said fuel emulsion composition; and selecting the types and amounts of hydrocarbon petroleum distillate and alcohol in the appropriate portions to be included in said fuel emulsion composition such that said lower heating value of said fuel emulsion composition is within said specified range of acceptable lower heat value for fuels for said compression ignition engine, wherein said fuel emulsion composition can be tailored for specific engine operating conditions by varying the types and amounts of hydrocarbon petroleum distillate and alcohol used while maintaining said fuel emulsion composition within said specified range of acceptable lower heat value.
alcohol; and an additive composition, the method comprising the steps of:
selecting the type and amount of additive compositions to be included in said fuel emulsion composition;
selecting the amount of purified water to be included in said fuel emulsion composition; and selecting the types and amounts of hydrocarbon petroleum distillate and alcohol in the appropriate portions to be included in said fuel emulsion composition such that said lower heating value of said fuel emulsion composition is within said specified range of acceptable lower heat value for fuels for said compression ignition engine, wherein said fuel emulsion composition can be tailored for specific engine operating conditions by varying the types and amounts of hydrocarbon petroleum distillate and alcohol used while maintaining said fuel emulsion composition within said specified range of acceptable lower heat value.
2. The method set forth in Claim 1, wherein said fuel emulsion composition is a fuel continuous emulsion.
3. The method set forth in Claim 1, wherein said fuel emulsion composition is a water continuous emulsion.
4. The method set forth in Claim 2, wherein the amount of said hydrocarbon petroleum distillate is between about 60 weight percent and about 95 weight percent of said fuel emulsion composition.
5. The method set forth in Claim 2, wherein the amount of said hydrocarbon petroleum distillate is between about 70 weight percent and about 90 weight percent of said fuel emulsion composition.
6. The method set forth in Claim 2, wherein the amount of said purified water is between about 5 weight percent and about 40 weight percent of said fuel emulsion composition.
7. The method set forth in Claim 2, wherein the amount of said purified water is between about 10 weight percent and about 30 weight percent of said aqueous fuel composition.
8. The method set forth in Claim 1, wherein said purified water contains no greater than about 50 parts per million calcium and magnesium ions, and no greater than about 20 parts per million silicon.
9. The method set forth in Claim 1, wherein said purified water contains no greater than about 2 parts per million calcium and magnesium ions, and no greater than about 1 part per million silicon.
10. The method set forth in Claim 2, wherein said additive composition includes a surfactant package comprising primary surfactant, block copolymer, and polymeric dispersant.
11. The method set forth in Claim 10, wherein said fuel emulsion composition includes at least 4000 ppm of primary surfactant.
12. The method set forth in Claim 11, wherein said primary surfactant is an amide.
13. The method set forth in Claim 12, wherein said primary surfactant is selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted, mono- and di-substituted amides of saturated C12-C22 fatty acids and unsubstituted, mono- and di-substituted amides of unsaturated C12-C22 fatty acids, wherein said mono and di substituted amides are substituted by substituents selected, independently of each other, from the group consisting of straight and branched, unsubstituted and substituted alkyls having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, straight and branched, unsubstituted and substituted alkanols having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and aryls.
14. The method set forth in Claim 10, wherein said fuel emulsion composition includes from about 1,000 ppm to about 5,000 ppm block copolymer.
15. The method set forth in Claim 14, wherein said block copolymer is an EO/PO block copolymer.
16. The method set forth in Claim 10, wherein said fuel emulsion composition includes about 100 ppm to about 1,000 ppm of polymeric dispersant.
17. The method as set forth in Claim 1, wherein the amount of said alcohol is between about 2 weight percent and about 9 weight percent of said fuel emulsion composition.
18. The method as set forth in Claim 17, wherein said alcohol comprises methanol.
19. The method as set forth in Claim 1, wherein said additive composition further comprises an ignition delay modifier.
20. The method as set forth in Claim 19, wherein said ignition delay modifier is selected from a group consisting of nitrates, nitrites, peroxides, and combinations thereof.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US6938397P | 1997-12-12 | 1997-12-12 | |
US60/069383 | 1997-12-12 | ||
US10902898A | 1998-07-01 | 1998-07-01 | |
US09/109,028 | 1998-07-01 | ||
PCT/US1998/026276 WO1999031203A1 (en) | 1997-12-12 | 1998-12-10 | Constant heating value aqueous fuel mixture and method for formulating the same |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA2313686A1 true CA2313686A1 (en) | 1999-06-24 |
CA2313686C CA2313686C (en) | 2011-02-22 |
Family
ID=26749999
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA2313686A Expired - Fee Related CA2313686C (en) | 1997-12-12 | 1998-12-10 | Constant heating value aqueous fuel mixture and method for formulating the same |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7491247B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1051460B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2002508434A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE474902T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU756277B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2313686C (en) |
DE (1) | DE69841780D1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1999031203A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7137401B2 (en) * | 2001-04-19 | 2006-11-21 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Drag reduction using maleated fatty acids |
US20110302827A1 (en) * | 2010-06-15 | 2011-12-15 | Champion Technologies, Inc. | Inhibiting Stress Corrosion Cracking of Metal Exposed to Moderate to High Concentrations of Ethanol |
JP6399754B2 (en) * | 2010-11-25 | 2018-10-03 | ガーン・エナジー・アンド・リソーシズ・ピーティーワイ・リミテッド | Fuels and processes for powering compression ignition engines |
GB201103181D0 (en) | 2011-02-24 | 2011-04-06 | Danisco | Compositon |
EP2865735B1 (en) | 2011-03-29 | 2018-02-21 | Fuelina Technologies, LLC | Method and apparatus for making a hybrid fuel |
GB201111029D0 (en) | 2011-06-29 | 2011-08-10 | Danisco | Composition |
US8641788B2 (en) | 2011-12-07 | 2014-02-04 | Igp Energy, Inc. | Fuels and fuel additives comprising butanol and pentanol |
WO2014158262A1 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2014-10-02 | Rolls-Royce Corporation | Algae-derived fuel/water emulsion |
EA037733B1 (en) | 2014-12-03 | 2021-05-14 | Дрексел Юниверсити | Direct incorporation of natural gas into hydrocarbon liquid fuels |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4002435A (en) * | 1971-11-17 | 1977-01-11 | Wenzel Edward C | Clear and stable liquid fuel compositions for internal combustion engines |
US4084940A (en) | 1974-12-23 | 1978-04-18 | Petrolite Corporation | Emulsions of enhanced ignitibility |
US5584894A (en) * | 1992-07-22 | 1996-12-17 | Platinum Plus, Inc. | Reduction of nitrogen oxides emissions from vehicular diesel engines |
IT1238004B (en) * | 1990-02-02 | 1993-06-21 | Eniricerche Spa | HYBRID COMPOSITION OF LIQUID FUEL IN WATER MICROEMULSION |
CA2048906C (en) * | 1990-09-07 | 2002-12-10 | Jan Bock | Microemulsion diesel fuel compositions and method of use |
US5151456A (en) * | 1991-05-28 | 1992-09-29 | Koch Industries, Inc. | Emulsified sealant having a high solids content |
US5284492A (en) * | 1991-10-01 | 1994-02-08 | Nalco Fuel Tech | Enhanced lubricity fuel oil emulsions |
EP0630398B1 (en) | 1992-03-09 | 1997-05-21 | Ecotec France Sarl | Emulsified fuels |
US5288814A (en) * | 1992-08-26 | 1994-02-22 | The B. F. Goodrich Company | Easy to disperse polycarboxylic acid thickeners |
US6302929B1 (en) * | 1994-04-04 | 2001-10-16 | Rudolf W. Gunnerman | Aqueous fuel for internal combustion engine and method of preparing |
US5669938A (en) * | 1995-12-21 | 1997-09-23 | Ethyl Corporation | Emulsion diesel fuel composition with reduced emissions |
FR2746106B1 (en) | 1996-03-15 | 1998-08-28 | EMULSIFIED FUEL AND ONE OF ITS PROCESSES | |
WO1999063024A1 (en) * | 1998-06-05 | 1999-12-09 | Clean Fuels Technology, Inc. | Stabile invert fuel emulsion compositions and method of making |
-
1998
- 1998-12-10 DE DE69841780T patent/DE69841780D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-12-10 AU AU18152/99A patent/AU756277B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-12-10 AT AT98963046T patent/ATE474902T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-12-10 JP JP2000539109A patent/JP2002508434A/en active Pending
- 1998-12-10 CA CA2313686A patent/CA2313686C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-12-10 EP EP98963046A patent/EP1051460B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-12-10 WO PCT/US1998/026276 patent/WO1999031203A1/en active IP Right Grant
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2000
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AU756277B2 (en) | 2003-01-09 |
ATE474902T1 (en) | 2010-08-15 |
DE69841780D1 (en) | 2010-09-02 |
EP1051460A4 (en) | 2004-04-28 |
EP1051460A1 (en) | 2000-11-15 |
EP1051460B1 (en) | 2010-07-21 |
US7491247B1 (en) | 2009-02-17 |
CA2313686C (en) | 2011-02-22 |
JP2002508434A (en) | 2002-03-19 |
AU1815299A (en) | 1999-07-05 |
WO1999031203A1 (en) | 1999-06-24 |
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