CA2237173A1 - Apparatus and method for use in waste recycling and conversion - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for use in waste recycling and conversionInfo
- Publication number
- CA2237173A1 CA2237173A1 CA002237173A CA2237173A CA2237173A1 CA 2237173 A1 CA2237173 A1 CA 2237173A1 CA 002237173 A CA002237173 A CA 002237173A CA 2237173 A CA2237173 A CA 2237173A CA 2237173 A1 CA2237173 A1 CA 2237173A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- residue
- ferrous
- conversion
- waste recycling
- metals
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/005—Separation by a physical processing technique only, e.g. by mechanical breaking
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
- B03B9/06—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for refuse
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
- B07B1/18—Drum screens
- B07B1/22—Revolving drums
- B07B1/24—Revolving drums with fixed or moving interior agitators
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B4/00—Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents
- B07B4/08—Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents while the mixtures are supported by sieves, screens, or like mechanical elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
- C05F9/02—Apparatus for the manufacture
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/006—Wet processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M45/00—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances
- C12M45/04—Phase separators; Separation of non fermentable material; Fractionation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/52—Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S210/00—Liquid purification or separation
- Y10S210/902—Materials removed
- Y10S210/911—Cumulative poison
- Y10S210/912—Heavy metal
- Y10S210/914—Mercury
Abstract
Municipal solid waste is classified as to density as well as size in a perforated inclined trommel (28) through which a gas stream is flowed inwardly through the perforations and downwardly to entrain and remove paper and plastics through the lower end. Ferrous and non-ferrous metals are removed from the residue which is digested anaerobically in two stages (61, 62) with an intermediate steam explosion treatment (63) to expose cellulose fibers coated with lignin. Mercury is removed as a vapor phase in an initial stage of the steam heating and is condensed (93) and collected. The solids phase of the anaerobic digestate is acidified (104) to solubilize heavy metals which are recovered by electrodeposition (109) from the solution. The depleted residue is neutralized and disposed of.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US786295P | 1995-12-01 | 1995-12-01 | |
US60/007,862 | 1995-12-01 | ||
PCT/CA1996/000792 WO1997020643A2 (en) | 1995-12-01 | 1996-11-29 | Apparatus and method for waste recycling and conversion |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA2237173A1 true CA2237173A1 (en) | 1997-06-12 |
CA2237173C CA2237173C (en) | 2002-12-10 |
Family
ID=21728497
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA 2237173 Expired - Lifetime CA2237173C (en) | 1995-12-01 | 1996-11-29 | Apparatus and method for use in waste recycling and conversion |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5795479A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0868226B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP3820271B2 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE209533T1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2237173C (en) |
DE (1) | DE69617458T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0868226T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2165529T3 (en) |
HK (1) | HK1011530A1 (en) |
PT (1) | PT868226E (en) |
WO (1) | WO1997020643A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (42)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US6048458A (en) * | 1995-12-01 | 2000-04-11 | Eastern Power Limited | Apparatus and method for waste recycling and conversion |
DE19803140A1 (en) * | 1998-01-28 | 1999-07-29 | Zweckverband Abfallbeseitigung | Processing of domestic waste and rubbish for disposal and recycling |
IL132173A (en) * | 1999-10-01 | 2003-02-12 | Arrow Ecology And Engineering | System for treatment of waste |
US6458240B1 (en) | 2000-01-14 | 2002-10-01 | Georgia-Pacific Corporation | Method for removing contaminants from fibers in recycle fiber pulping |
US20040250700A1 (en) * | 2000-04-19 | 2004-12-16 | Renaud Regis Phillip | Method and apparatus for treating refuse with steam |
US7189306B2 (en) * | 2002-02-22 | 2007-03-13 | Gervais Gibson W | Process of treating lignocellulosic material to produce bio-ethanol |
US7258922B2 (en) * | 2003-03-31 | 2007-08-21 | Thi International, Inc. | Compositions, methods and devices for enhancing landscaping or marker materials |
GB2377900B (en) * | 2002-05-03 | 2003-06-18 | John Alan Porter | Treatment of municipal solid waste |
DE10247510A1 (en) * | 2002-10-11 | 2004-04-22 | Linde-Kca-Dresden Gmbh | Method and device for classifying waste using a sieve drum |
US6730223B1 (en) * | 2002-11-01 | 2004-05-04 | Comprehensive Resources, Recovery & Reuse, Inc. | Apparatus, system and method for treating waste material |
US7985577B2 (en) * | 2003-04-30 | 2011-07-26 | Recology, Inc. | Systems and processes for treatment of organic waste materials with a biomixer |
US8809038B1 (en) | 2003-04-30 | 2014-08-19 | Recology Inc. | Process for treatment of organic waste materials |
US20050166812A1 (en) * | 2003-11-13 | 2005-08-04 | Horizon Fuel And Financial Management, Llp | MSW processing vessel |
US7967877B2 (en) * | 2003-11-13 | 2011-06-28 | Biomass Worldwide Group Limited | Biomass energy product and processing method |
JP4745623B2 (en) * | 2004-06-03 | 2011-08-10 | 奉弘 野邑 | Extraction processing method |
US20060065608A1 (en) * | 2004-09-29 | 2006-03-30 | Choate Chris E | Process and apparatus for generating useful biomass from organic waste streams |
US9169597B2 (en) | 2005-03-10 | 2015-10-27 | Applied Cleantech Inc. | Method of recycling fibers from sewage sludge and means thereof |
US20070231885A1 (en) * | 2005-12-09 | 2007-10-04 | Norcal Waste Systems, Inc. | Biomechanical device for producing a biomass |
US8728802B2 (en) | 2006-02-15 | 2014-05-20 | Biomass Worldwide Group Limited | Angled reaction vessel |
US7745208B2 (en) | 2006-02-15 | 2010-06-29 | Noll Anthony P | Angled reaction vessel |
US20070214677A1 (en) * | 2006-03-20 | 2007-09-20 | Kennedy James C | System for heating bulk materials |
US7955839B2 (en) | 2006-06-23 | 2011-06-07 | Recology Inc. | Systems and methods for converting organic waste materials into useful products |
EP1946829A1 (en) * | 2007-01-05 | 2008-07-23 | Sterecycle Ltd. | Process and apparatus for waste treatment |
TW200918192A (en) * | 2007-01-05 | 2009-05-01 | Sterecycle Ltd | Process and apparatus for waste treatment |
US7968760B2 (en) * | 2007-03-16 | 2011-06-28 | Ch2M Hill, Inc. | Treatment of particulate biodegradable organic waste by thermal hydrolysis using condensate recycle |
US8617281B2 (en) | 2007-08-13 | 2013-12-31 | Applied Cleantech, Inc | Methods and systems for feedstock production from sewage and product manufacturing therefrom |
WO2009108899A2 (en) * | 2008-02-28 | 2009-09-03 | Renaud Regis P | Method and apparatus for injecting enriched steam |
US8258364B2 (en) * | 2008-06-16 | 2012-09-04 | Renaud Regis P | Method for steam biomass reactor |
RU2507330C2 (en) * | 2009-07-13 | 2014-02-20 | БЕТА РЕНЬЮЭБЛС С.п.А. | High-temperature method of separating lignin |
ITVR20110230A1 (en) * | 2011-12-22 | 2013-06-23 | Aquaser S R L | PROCEDURE FOR PROCESSING DIGESTATO |
MX2014015231A (en) | 2012-06-12 | 2015-04-10 | Renescience As | Methods and compositions for biomethane production. |
CA2912579C (en) | 2013-06-12 | 2021-08-24 | Renescience A/S | Methods of processing municipal solid waste (msw) using microbial hydrolysis and fermentation. |
CN103447224B (en) * | 2013-09-06 | 2016-09-07 | 酒泉奥凯种子机械股份有限公司 | A kind of mesh grid drum sieve |
US9353476B2 (en) * | 2014-04-18 | 2016-05-31 | Georgia-Pacific Containerboard Llc | Method for recycling waste material with reduced odor emission |
FR3025806B1 (en) * | 2014-09-15 | 2019-09-06 | Bigarren Bizi | PROCESS FOR PROCESSING AND EXTRACTING ELECTRONIC WASTE FOR RECOVERING COMPONENTS INCLUDED IN SUCH WASTE |
CN105016797A (en) * | 2015-08-07 | 2015-11-04 | 霍英军 | Livestock carcase harmless disposal technology and biological organic fertilizer processing method |
GB201521624D0 (en) * | 2015-12-08 | 2016-01-20 | Fiberight Ltd | Waste processing |
GB2550369B (en) | 2016-05-17 | 2021-10-20 | Turbo Screen International Ltd | Sorting waste materials |
MX2019002070A (en) * | 2016-08-22 | 2020-01-13 | Pm Power Group | System and method for recycling metals from industrial waste. |
EP3781697A1 (en) | 2018-04-20 | 2021-02-24 | Renescience A/S | Method for determining chemical compounds in waste |
CN110102560A (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2019-08-09 | 广西凯泉环保工程有限公司 | A kind of low temperature pyrogenation house refuse conveys the processing system that feeds intake automatically |
AU2021374777A1 (en) | 2020-11-04 | 2023-06-15 | Renescience A/S | Method for enzymatic and/or microbial processing of waste comprising recirculation of process water |
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US223901A (en) * | 1880-01-27 | Magnetic qrain-separatok | ||
US1034969A (en) * | 1910-05-06 | 1912-08-06 | Entpr Mfg Company Of Pennsylvania | Apparatus for separating magnetic metal from sand. |
GB553891A (en) * | 1942-05-22 | 1943-06-09 | William Howell Lewis | Improvements in or relating to means for extracting dust from crushed coal |
US4018675A (en) * | 1975-05-19 | 1977-04-19 | Petrucci Ben G | Waste sorting machine |
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US4185680A (en) * | 1976-01-28 | 1980-01-29 | Victor Lawson | Process for producing useful concentrated slurries from waste material |
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US4302236A (en) * | 1980-02-20 | 1981-11-24 | Ultimate Resources, Inc. | Composting system used in scrubbing gas effluvia |
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KR930002885B1 (en) * | 1985-03-05 | 1993-04-12 | 유뇽 엥뒤스트리엘르 에 뎅트레프리스 | Method of and equipment for anaerobic degradation of ganic products |
DE3545679A1 (en) * | 1985-12-21 | 1987-06-25 | Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm | METHOD FOR DISPOSAL OF THE ORGANIC HOUSEHOLD FACTION |
US4826602A (en) * | 1986-10-14 | 1989-05-02 | Oak Ridge Research Institute | Reduction of trace elements to the elemental form by microorganisms |
US4846975A (en) * | 1987-11-06 | 1989-07-11 | Beloit Corporation | Anaerobic digestion process |
FI885526A (en) * | 1988-11-29 | 1990-05-30 | Outokumpu Oy | REAKTOR FOER BEHANDLING AV ORGANISKT AVFALL. |
US5120409A (en) * | 1989-08-08 | 1992-06-09 | Recytec S.A. | Process for recycling an unsorted mixture of spent button cells and/or other metallic objects and for recovering their metallic components |
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JPH04210293A (en) * | 1990-12-12 | 1992-07-31 | Kubota Corp | Mercury recovery method for waste water and mercury recovery device |
DE4120808A1 (en) * | 1991-06-24 | 1993-01-14 | Recycling Energie Abfall | REPROCESSING OF WASTE FOR ANAEROBIC PLANNING OF ORGANIC BIOGENIC COMPONENTS OF WASTE, ESPECIALLY OF BIOMUELL, WET WASTE, RESIDUAL WASTE AND COMMERCIAL WASTE |
US5282938A (en) * | 1992-02-13 | 1994-02-01 | Irene Legiec | Process for recovery of trace metals and salts from waste combustion residues |
DK35392A (en) * | 1992-03-16 | 1993-09-17 | Tim Maskinfabrik As | CLEANING AND SORTING PLANTS |
BE1006019A3 (en) * | 1992-06-30 | 1994-04-19 | Organic Waste Systems Naamloze | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR anaerobically OF ORGANIC WASTE. |
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-
1996
- 1996-11-29 DK DK96938894T patent/DK0868226T3/en active
- 1996-11-29 PT PT96938894T patent/PT868226E/en unknown
- 1996-11-29 DE DE1996617458 patent/DE69617458T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-11-29 US US08/758,720 patent/US5795479A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-11-29 ES ES96938894T patent/ES2165529T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-11-29 EP EP96938894A patent/EP0868226B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-11-29 AT AT96938894T patent/ATE209533T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-11-29 WO PCT/CA1996/000792 patent/WO1997020643A2/en active IP Right Grant
- 1996-11-29 CA CA 2237173 patent/CA2237173C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-11-29 JP JP52081797A patent/JP3820271B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-12-08 HK HK98112920A patent/HK1011530A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2165529T3 (en) | 2002-03-16 |
DK0868226T3 (en) | 2002-04-02 |
WO1997020643A2 (en) | 1997-06-12 |
US5795479A (en) | 1998-08-18 |
DE69617458T2 (en) | 2002-06-06 |
WO1997020643A3 (en) | 1997-09-04 |
EP0868226B1 (en) | 2001-11-28 |
JP3820271B2 (en) | 2006-09-13 |
EP0868226A2 (en) | 1998-10-07 |
JP2001504382A (en) | 2001-04-03 |
PT868226E (en) | 2002-05-31 |
HK1011530A1 (en) | 1999-07-16 |
DE69617458D1 (en) | 2002-01-10 |
CA2237173C (en) | 2002-12-10 |
ATE209533T1 (en) | 2001-12-15 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
EEER | Examination request | ||
MKEX | Expiry |
Effective date: 20161129 |