CA2229086C - Inorganic pigment pellets for coloring plastics, lacquers and building materials and a process for the production thereof - Google Patents
Inorganic pigment pellets for coloring plastics, lacquers and building materials and a process for the production thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CA2229086C CA2229086C CA 2229086 CA2229086A CA2229086C CA 2229086 C CA2229086 C CA 2229086C CA 2229086 CA2229086 CA 2229086 CA 2229086 A CA2229086 A CA 2229086A CA 2229086 C CA2229086 C CA 2229086C
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C3/00—Treatment in general of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties
- C09C3/04—Physical treatment, e.g. grinding, treatment with ultrasonic vibrations
- C09C3/045—Agglomeration, granulation, pelleting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/02—Agglomerated materials, e.g. artificial aggregates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
- C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
- C09D7/62—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic modified by treatment with other compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/66—Additives characterised by particle size
- C09D7/69—Particle size larger than 1000 nm
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/50—Agglomerated particles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/01—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients characterized by their specific function
- C08K3/013—Fillers, pigments or reinforcing additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
- C08K9/08—Ingredients agglomerated by treatment with a binding agent
Abstract
The present invention relates to inorganic pigment pellets for colouring building materials, lacquers and plastics and to a process for the production thereof and to the use thereof inter alia for the production of pastes, suspensions and emulsion paints.
Description
Le A 31 952-Foreign Countries F/Kr/W6/V08.01.1998 Inorg'anic pigment pellets for coloring plastics, lacquers and building materials and a proi:ess for the production thereof Background of the Invention The present invention relates to inorganic pigment pellets for coloring building materials, lacquers and plastics and to a process for the production thereof and to the use thereof inter crlia for the production of pastes, suspensions and dispersion paints.
In orcler to achieve the optimum perceived color, pigments must be ground into primary particles during processing. The resultant powders produce large quantities of dust and, due to their fineness, have a tendency to stick and adhere in metering apparatus. In the case of toxicologically hazardous substances, measures must thus be taken during processing to counter any risks to man and the environment caused by the resultant dusts.
Also, there is increasing market demand for the avoidance of dust nuisances even for harmless inert substances, such as for example iron oxide pigments or titanium dioxide pigments.
The avoidance of dust and improved metering due to good flow properties in order to achieve a consistently good perceived color on use in organic media are objectives pursued when handling pigments. These objectives are achieved to a greater or lesser degree by applying pelletizing processes to pigments. The processes used are, for example, agglomeration or spray drying. Compaction processes are generally less suitable due to the limited dispersibility of the resultant pellets.
Essentially two opposing requirements are placed upon pigment pellets:
mechanical stability of the pellet simultaneously combined with good dispersion characteristics in the medium used. Mechanical stability is responsible for good transport properties, both during transport between the manufacturer and user and for good metering and flow characteristics during use of the pigments. Mechanical stability is brought about by elevated adhesive forces and is dependent, for example, inter alia upon the quantity of binder or also the compressive pressure applied during shaping. On the other hand, dispe:rsibility is influenced by good grinding before pelletization (wet and dry grinding), by the mechanical energy applied during incorporation (shear forces) and by dispersion auxiliary substances, which reduce the adhesive forces in the dry pellets on incorporation into a medium. However, the use of relatively large quantities of dispersion auxiliary substances is limited by the relative costs of the auxiliary and pigment.
Moreover, an elevated content of auxiliary substances correspondingly reduces the color intensity or scattering power. Since variations in color strength are generally less than 5%, the use of additives is limited even if they simultaneously act as coupling agents and dispersion auxiliary substances. Additives must furthermore not impair the service characteristics of the media to be colored, for example strength or notched impact strength in plastics, elastic properties and toughness in elastomers (polymers) and rheological characteristics in paints and lacquers.
Known production processes for pigment pellets are, for example, spray granulation (spray drying using a disk or jet) and agglomeration pelletization (mixers, fluidised bed pelletizers, plates or drums) or compaction processes.
EP-A 0 257 423 and DE-A 38 41 848 thus describe spray pelletization using polyorgano-siloxanes as hydrophobic, lipophilic additives. The stated atomizing dryer generally results in small particle sizes with an elevated proportion of fines. This means that a substantial proportion of the material is not obtained from the dryer as directly usable pellets, but as fines, which must first be retained in a filter and then returned to the process. In spray dried products, hydrophobing post-treatment results in pellets which have very good flow properties but produce exceptionally large quantities of dust.
EP-A 0 424 896 discloses the production of low-dusting fine pellets in a one-stage process in known intensive mixers. This process uses a low content of waxes in combination with emulsifiers and wetting agents by application of an aqueous dispersion. Water contents of 20 to above 50% are generally obtained in this process. These pellets must be dried and separated from oversized and undersized fractions.
Le A 31 952-Foreign Countries DE-A 31 32 303 describes low-dusting, flowable inorganic pigment pellets which are mixed with binders which liquefy under the action of heat (40 to 60 C) and are pelletized by a screening process using a screening aid (pressure).
EP-A. 0 144 940 discloses low-dusting pigment pellets which are produced starting from a filter sludge, by mixing with water, which is at a temperature of approx. 50 C, and adding 0.5 to 10% of surface-active substances and additionally mineral oil or liquefying waxes at 50 to 200 C until the smearing point is reached. This operation is performed in intensive mixei-s and is optionally followed by subsequent pelletizing and drying operations. Water is 1.0 present in the finished product in a quantity of 10 to 15%, which is disadvantageous for incorporation into plastics.
DE-A 28 44 710 describes the pelletization of pigments in a fluidised bed with pelletizing auxiliary substances, wherein dry pigment powder is sprayed with water.
DE-C 28 19 004 describes the pelletization of alkali metal aluminates for the production of cements with the assistance of polyhydroxy compounds.
GB-A 2 158 084 describes the production of dye pellets with solid polyethylene glycols in a me',[ting range of 40 to 150 C, the pellets having a wax content of 33 to 66%, relative to the pigment.
US 4 952 617 describes improved pigment dispersions in aqueous systems using trimethylolpropane or trimethylol ethers. The improvement consists in an improved viscosity of the paste, which results in an extended shelf life.
DE-C 43 36 612 discloses the production of hydrophobized pigment pellets using oils of a specific viscosity in accordance with a modified compaction process.
.30 US 3 843 380 demonstrates the production of pigment pellets using thickeners or thickeners in combination with dispersants.
In orcler to achieve the optimum perceived color, pigments must be ground into primary particles during processing. The resultant powders produce large quantities of dust and, due to their fineness, have a tendency to stick and adhere in metering apparatus. In the case of toxicologically hazardous substances, measures must thus be taken during processing to counter any risks to man and the environment caused by the resultant dusts.
Also, there is increasing market demand for the avoidance of dust nuisances even for harmless inert substances, such as for example iron oxide pigments or titanium dioxide pigments.
The avoidance of dust and improved metering due to good flow properties in order to achieve a consistently good perceived color on use in organic media are objectives pursued when handling pigments. These objectives are achieved to a greater or lesser degree by applying pelletizing processes to pigments. The processes used are, for example, agglomeration or spray drying. Compaction processes are generally less suitable due to the limited dispersibility of the resultant pellets.
Essentially two opposing requirements are placed upon pigment pellets:
mechanical stability of the pellet simultaneously combined with good dispersion characteristics in the medium used. Mechanical stability is responsible for good transport properties, both during transport between the manufacturer and user and for good metering and flow characteristics during use of the pigments. Mechanical stability is brought about by elevated adhesive forces and is dependent, for example, inter alia upon the quantity of binder or also the compressive pressure applied during shaping. On the other hand, dispe:rsibility is influenced by good grinding before pelletization (wet and dry grinding), by the mechanical energy applied during incorporation (shear forces) and by dispersion auxiliary substances, which reduce the adhesive forces in the dry pellets on incorporation into a medium. However, the use of relatively large quantities of dispersion auxiliary substances is limited by the relative costs of the auxiliary and pigment.
Moreover, an elevated content of auxiliary substances correspondingly reduces the color intensity or scattering power. Since variations in color strength are generally less than 5%, the use of additives is limited even if they simultaneously act as coupling agents and dispersion auxiliary substances. Additives must furthermore not impair the service characteristics of the media to be colored, for example strength or notched impact strength in plastics, elastic properties and toughness in elastomers (polymers) and rheological characteristics in paints and lacquers.
Known production processes for pigment pellets are, for example, spray granulation (spray drying using a disk or jet) and agglomeration pelletization (mixers, fluidised bed pelletizers, plates or drums) or compaction processes.
EP-A 0 257 423 and DE-A 38 41 848 thus describe spray pelletization using polyorgano-siloxanes as hydrophobic, lipophilic additives. The stated atomizing dryer generally results in small particle sizes with an elevated proportion of fines. This means that a substantial proportion of the material is not obtained from the dryer as directly usable pellets, but as fines, which must first be retained in a filter and then returned to the process. In spray dried products, hydrophobing post-treatment results in pellets which have very good flow properties but produce exceptionally large quantities of dust.
EP-A 0 424 896 discloses the production of low-dusting fine pellets in a one-stage process in known intensive mixers. This process uses a low content of waxes in combination with emulsifiers and wetting agents by application of an aqueous dispersion. Water contents of 20 to above 50% are generally obtained in this process. These pellets must be dried and separated from oversized and undersized fractions.
Le A 31 952-Foreign Countries DE-A 31 32 303 describes low-dusting, flowable inorganic pigment pellets which are mixed with binders which liquefy under the action of heat (40 to 60 C) and are pelletized by a screening process using a screening aid (pressure).
EP-A. 0 144 940 discloses low-dusting pigment pellets which are produced starting from a filter sludge, by mixing with water, which is at a temperature of approx. 50 C, and adding 0.5 to 10% of surface-active substances and additionally mineral oil or liquefying waxes at 50 to 200 C until the smearing point is reached. This operation is performed in intensive mixei-s and is optionally followed by subsequent pelletizing and drying operations. Water is 1.0 present in the finished product in a quantity of 10 to 15%, which is disadvantageous for incorporation into plastics.
DE-A 28 44 710 describes the pelletization of pigments in a fluidised bed with pelletizing auxiliary substances, wherein dry pigment powder is sprayed with water.
DE-C 28 19 004 describes the pelletization of alkali metal aluminates for the production of cements with the assistance of polyhydroxy compounds.
GB-A 2 158 084 describes the production of dye pellets with solid polyethylene glycols in a me',[ting range of 40 to 150 C, the pellets having a wax content of 33 to 66%, relative to the pigment.
US 4 952 617 describes improved pigment dispersions in aqueous systems using trimethylolpropane or trimethylol ethers. The improvement consists in an improved viscosity of the paste, which results in an extended shelf life.
DE-C 43 36 612 discloses the production of hydrophobized pigment pellets using oils of a specific viscosity in accordance with a modified compaction process.
.30 US 3 843 380 demonstrates the production of pigment pellets using thickeners or thickeners in combination with dispersants.
Summary of the Invention The invention provides inorganic pigment pellets which are readily dispersible in a medium and simultaneously exhibit good stability, for example during storage and conveying and which are simple to produce.
Detailed Description of the Invention In one aspect the present invention provides inorganic pigment pellets comprising at least one inorganic pigment and at least one water-soluble, hydrophilic or hydrophobic/hydrophilic dispersion-promoting binder which is -liquid at 25 C, or a mixture of water-soluble, hydrophilic or hydrophobic/hydrophilic dispersion-promoting binders which mixture is liquid at 25 C in a quantity of 0.1 to 10 wt%, relative to the at least one inorganic pigment, and wherein the pellets have an average particle size of 50 to 1500 pm, a bulk density of 0.3 to 1.8 g/cm3 and a water content of <-2 wt%, relative to the at least one inorganic pigment.
In another aspect, the invention provides a process for the production of inorganic pigment pellets, comprising the steps of: mixing at least one inorganic pigment powder with at least one water-soluble, hydrophilic or hydrophobic/hydrophilic dispersion-promoting binder which is liquid at 25 C or a mixture of water-soluble, hydrophilic or hydrophobic/hydrophilic dispersion-promoting binders which mixture is liquid at 25 C in a quantity of 0.1 to 10 wt%, relative to the inorganic pigment powder; and pelletizing the resultant mixture directly or in the form of an aqueous suspension.
-4a-In some preferred embodiments: the pellets additionally contain a preservative, defoamer, retention agent, anti-settling agent, wetting agent or emulsifier; the pelletizing step includes using a co- or countercurrent spray process by means of a single or two-fluid nozzles or by means of atomizing dryers, the pellets produced having an average particle size of 50 to 500 pm; the pelletizing step includes agglomeration by means of rotating disks, rotating drums, mixers or using a fluidized bed process, the pellets produced having an average particle size of 80 to 1500 pm;
the at least one inorganic pigment powder is mixed with the at least one water-soluble, hydrophilic or hydrophobic/hydrophilic dispersion-promoting binder which is liquid at 25 C or a mixture of water-soluble, hydrophilic or hydrophobic/hydrophilic dispersion-promoting binders which mixture is liquid at 25 C, compacting and crushing the resultant mixture, to obtain a fraction having an average particle size of 100 to 1000 pm; the process includes the step of post treating the inorganic pigment pellets; and the post treating step comprises application of alcohols, esters, silicone compounds, amines, amides, polyols, polyethers, cellulose derivatives, polyacrylates or polyphosphates in a quantity of 0.01 to 3 wt%, relative to pigment pellets.
The inorganic pigments used are preferably iron oxides, titanium dioxides, zinc oxides, chromium oxides, light-fast pigments, bismuth vanadate, carbon blacks (carbon pigments) and mixtures thereof.
Polyethylene or polypropylene glycols liquid at 25 C are preferably used as the dispersion-promoting binder.
Fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers are also suitable.
-4b-In particular, polyglycols and fatty alcohol.
polyglycol ethers having melting points of below 35 C, and boiling points of 150 C to 300 C are suitabl.e.
The pigment pellets may be produced using various processes, for example by spray drying, agglomeration, pell.etization and compaction. ThE? pigment pellets may particularly advantageousl.y be produced from aqueous pigment suspensions with the assistance of binders which have a disper.sion-p_romotinq activity on application. The pellets have an average particle size of 150 to 500 um. In order to improve dispersibility, the material may be subiected to wet grinding in suspension. According to another process, the dry pigment powder may be converted irlto pellets of an averac;e particle size of 80 to 1500 lim us:Lng water, aqueous suspens ions or liquid binders on a rotat ing disk, in a rotating drum, in a mixer or in a fluidized bed process.
23189-82.14 Le A 31 952-Foreign Countries Pellets may also be produced from dry pigments, for example finished product, by gentle compaction involving successive stages such as screen-grinding, screening and recirculation of coarse and/or fine product or also further agglomeration pelletization on a plate or in a rotating drum. In compaction pelletization, linear forces of 0.1 to 50 kN/cm are used for compaction, wherein a proportion of the adhesive effect between the pigment particles is assumed by liquid bridging by the liquid binder. Small quantities of water, for example in quantities of less than 3% relative to the pigment, may be considered as a liquid binder. In conventional agglomeration pelletization on rotating disks or mixers, a drying stage generally follows the use of relatively large quantities of water of, for example, 6 to 25%. Drying may also impair dispersibility. Water quantities of _ 1% often result in the formation of lumps and caking. Liquids having low vapor pressures and/or elevated boiling points (> 180 C) are preferably used in compaction. Residual moisture or nature and quanti[ty of residual liquid also play a part in spray drying and agglomeration pelletization.
Water content on drying should thus generally be 5 1%, and never more than 2%.
Water may escape in small quantities by evaporation through conventional packaging, such as paper etc. during transport or during storage. Sprayed pellets having binders which bring about improved dispersion characteristics and simultaneously improved adhesion are particularly preferred. Binders having a low vapor pressure or elevated boiling points, such as polyhydric alcohols or condensed polyols, may be considered in this connection.
Suitable binders for pigment pellets which simultaneously improve dispersibility in emulsion paints, renders and tinting pastes are polyhydric alcohols such as diols, glycerol, sorbitol, trimethylolpropane, polypropylene glycol and fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers. The latter two are liquid at room temperature. Polyethylene glycol alone or mixed with other liquid compounds is particularly suitable, provided that the melting point is no greater than 35 C. Melting points of between 35 C and approx. 100 C often result in the pellets sticking or caking during pelletization due to the softened binder. Liquid binders having low vapor pressures, elevated boiling points and solidification points of no higher than C are thus particularly suitable binders both for spray pelletization and for pelletization by compaction.
Hydrophilic or hydrophilic/hydrophobic systems may be considered in this connection for use iri dispersion paints, multi-purpose tinting pastes or also lacquer systems (for example water-soluble lacquers). Polyhydric alcohols, sugars, cellulose and cellulose derivatives, sulphonates, polyacrylates, phosphates, polyetl-iers, polyesters, polyaspartic acid, polyhydroxy conipounds, in ether and ester form too, are used as hydroptiilic binders and dispersants.
Hydrophobic groups may be derivatives of fatty alcohols, fatty acids, long-chain alkyl groups or aryl groups and silicone compounds.
The pel let s may addit iorial ly contain a preservative, defoamer, retention agent, anti-settling agent, wetting agent or emulsifier.
The following Examples are intended to illustrate the invention in greater detail.
Detailed Description of the Invention In one aspect the present invention provides inorganic pigment pellets comprising at least one inorganic pigment and at least one water-soluble, hydrophilic or hydrophobic/hydrophilic dispersion-promoting binder which is -liquid at 25 C, or a mixture of water-soluble, hydrophilic or hydrophobic/hydrophilic dispersion-promoting binders which mixture is liquid at 25 C in a quantity of 0.1 to 10 wt%, relative to the at least one inorganic pigment, and wherein the pellets have an average particle size of 50 to 1500 pm, a bulk density of 0.3 to 1.8 g/cm3 and a water content of <-2 wt%, relative to the at least one inorganic pigment.
In another aspect, the invention provides a process for the production of inorganic pigment pellets, comprising the steps of: mixing at least one inorganic pigment powder with at least one water-soluble, hydrophilic or hydrophobic/hydrophilic dispersion-promoting binder which is liquid at 25 C or a mixture of water-soluble, hydrophilic or hydrophobic/hydrophilic dispersion-promoting binders which mixture is liquid at 25 C in a quantity of 0.1 to 10 wt%, relative to the inorganic pigment powder; and pelletizing the resultant mixture directly or in the form of an aqueous suspension.
-4a-In some preferred embodiments: the pellets additionally contain a preservative, defoamer, retention agent, anti-settling agent, wetting agent or emulsifier; the pelletizing step includes using a co- or countercurrent spray process by means of a single or two-fluid nozzles or by means of atomizing dryers, the pellets produced having an average particle size of 50 to 500 pm; the pelletizing step includes agglomeration by means of rotating disks, rotating drums, mixers or using a fluidized bed process, the pellets produced having an average particle size of 80 to 1500 pm;
the at least one inorganic pigment powder is mixed with the at least one water-soluble, hydrophilic or hydrophobic/hydrophilic dispersion-promoting binder which is liquid at 25 C or a mixture of water-soluble, hydrophilic or hydrophobic/hydrophilic dispersion-promoting binders which mixture is liquid at 25 C, compacting and crushing the resultant mixture, to obtain a fraction having an average particle size of 100 to 1000 pm; the process includes the step of post treating the inorganic pigment pellets; and the post treating step comprises application of alcohols, esters, silicone compounds, amines, amides, polyols, polyethers, cellulose derivatives, polyacrylates or polyphosphates in a quantity of 0.01 to 3 wt%, relative to pigment pellets.
The inorganic pigments used are preferably iron oxides, titanium dioxides, zinc oxides, chromium oxides, light-fast pigments, bismuth vanadate, carbon blacks (carbon pigments) and mixtures thereof.
Polyethylene or polypropylene glycols liquid at 25 C are preferably used as the dispersion-promoting binder.
Fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers are also suitable.
-4b-In particular, polyglycols and fatty alcohol.
polyglycol ethers having melting points of below 35 C, and boiling points of 150 C to 300 C are suitabl.e.
The pigment pellets may be produced using various processes, for example by spray drying, agglomeration, pell.etization and compaction. ThE? pigment pellets may particularly advantageousl.y be produced from aqueous pigment suspensions with the assistance of binders which have a disper.sion-p_romotinq activity on application. The pellets have an average particle size of 150 to 500 um. In order to improve dispersibility, the material may be subiected to wet grinding in suspension. According to another process, the dry pigment powder may be converted irlto pellets of an averac;e particle size of 80 to 1500 lim us:Lng water, aqueous suspens ions or liquid binders on a rotat ing disk, in a rotating drum, in a mixer or in a fluidized bed process.
23189-82.14 Le A 31 952-Foreign Countries Pellets may also be produced from dry pigments, for example finished product, by gentle compaction involving successive stages such as screen-grinding, screening and recirculation of coarse and/or fine product or also further agglomeration pelletization on a plate or in a rotating drum. In compaction pelletization, linear forces of 0.1 to 50 kN/cm are used for compaction, wherein a proportion of the adhesive effect between the pigment particles is assumed by liquid bridging by the liquid binder. Small quantities of water, for example in quantities of less than 3% relative to the pigment, may be considered as a liquid binder. In conventional agglomeration pelletization on rotating disks or mixers, a drying stage generally follows the use of relatively large quantities of water of, for example, 6 to 25%. Drying may also impair dispersibility. Water quantities of _ 1% often result in the formation of lumps and caking. Liquids having low vapor pressures and/or elevated boiling points (> 180 C) are preferably used in compaction. Residual moisture or nature and quanti[ty of residual liquid also play a part in spray drying and agglomeration pelletization.
Water content on drying should thus generally be 5 1%, and never more than 2%.
Water may escape in small quantities by evaporation through conventional packaging, such as paper etc. during transport or during storage. Sprayed pellets having binders which bring about improved dispersion characteristics and simultaneously improved adhesion are particularly preferred. Binders having a low vapor pressure or elevated boiling points, such as polyhydric alcohols or condensed polyols, may be considered in this connection.
Suitable binders for pigment pellets which simultaneously improve dispersibility in emulsion paints, renders and tinting pastes are polyhydric alcohols such as diols, glycerol, sorbitol, trimethylolpropane, polypropylene glycol and fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers. The latter two are liquid at room temperature. Polyethylene glycol alone or mixed with other liquid compounds is particularly suitable, provided that the melting point is no greater than 35 C. Melting points of between 35 C and approx. 100 C often result in the pellets sticking or caking during pelletization due to the softened binder. Liquid binders having low vapor pressures, elevated boiling points and solidification points of no higher than C are thus particularly suitable binders both for spray pelletization and for pelletization by compaction.
Hydrophilic or hydrophilic/hydrophobic systems may be considered in this connection for use iri dispersion paints, multi-purpose tinting pastes or also lacquer systems (for example water-soluble lacquers). Polyhydric alcohols, sugars, cellulose and cellulose derivatives, sulphonates, polyacrylates, phosphates, polyetl-iers, polyesters, polyaspartic acid, polyhydroxy conipounds, in ether and ester form too, are used as hydroptiilic binders and dispersants.
Hydrophobic groups may be derivatives of fatty alcohols, fatty acids, long-chain alkyl groups or aryl groups and silicone compounds.
The pel let s may addit iorial ly contain a preservative, defoamer, retention agent, anti-settling agent, wetting agent or emulsifier.
The following Examples are intended to illustrate the invention in greater detail.
Examples Example 1 An iron oxide yellow suspension (Bayferrox 3920; commercial product of Bayer AG) was introduced at a concentration of 25 wt.% solids with 4 wt.% of polyethylene glycol 400 (MW 400), relative to solids, into a spray dryer with a 1 mm nozzle and atomized at a pressure of 10 to 13 bar and dried. Residual moisture content was 0.6 wt.%, average particle size was 146 m. The same iron oxide yellow was compacted with the above-stated polyethylene glycol at a linear force of 0.7 kN/cm on a compactor having a roller diameter of 200 mm, reduced in size through a screen of a mesh size of 1.5 mm and post-rolled. The finished product had an average particle size of 755 m. The experiment was repeated wherein, after the post-rolling, the product was additionally passed through a screen of a mesh size of 500 m and the fine fraction comprising 40-50 wt.% of the quantity was investigated.
Table 1 below shows the data.
Table 1 below shows the data.
Table 1:
Product Process PEG* Residual Drain time Average Quick test Rel. color 400 moisture from 6 mm PS** (150 um) intensity***
[wt. io] [wt. io] cup [sec]; [um] 1000/2000/4 [ io]
dusting 500 [rpm]
properties Powder - - - does not - 3/1/1 100 flow; severe dusting Pellets Spray drying 4 0.6 19; slight 146 1/1/1 99 dusting Pellets Compaction 5 - 33; low 755 4/1/1 98 dusting Pellets Screen: 5 - -, 453 2/1/1 -500 .m; slight fines dusdng * PEG - polyethylene glycol, molecular weight 400 ** PS - particle size *** in brightening with Ti02 Bayertitan R-KB-2 in a 1:5 ratio Quick test: Dispersion energy at 1000, 2000 and 4500 revolutions per minute for minutes (150 m wet film th.ickness). See dispersibility test/
evalution.
Example 2 A suspension of Bayferrox 130M (iron oxide red; commercial product of Bayer AG) was sprayed at a concentration of 50 wt.% solids with the addition of 4 wt.%
of polyethylene glycol 400 (molecular weight 400), relative to solids, through a nozzle with a 1.2 mm bore in a spray dryer at an input temperature of 300 C. The average particle size was 149 m. The pellets flow very well and exhibit dispersibility and color intensity comparable with that of the powder.
Le A 31 952-Foreign Countries The same iron oxide red was mixed with 3 wt.% of polyethylene glycol 400 and compacted at 0.8 kN/cm on a Bepex roller compactor (model 200/100), reduced in size through a screen having a mesh size of 1.5 mm and post-rolled. The pellets had an average particle size of 776 m. The experiment was repeated and screening to a mesh size of 0.5 mm was additionally performed. Dispersibility was adequate, color intensity was just as good as the powder; dusting and flow properties were better.
Table 2 below shows the results.
Table 2:
Product Process PEG* Drain time Average Quick test Rel. color 400 from 6 mm PS** (150 um) intensity****
[wt.%] cup [secl; [um] 1000/2000 [%]
dusting [rpm]
properties Powder - - does not flow; - 1/1 100 severe dusting Pellets Spray drying 4 21 149 1/1 99 ***
Pellets Compaction 3 37; low 776 2/1 99 dusting Pellets Compactioq 3 39 396 2/1 99 screen:
500 m;
fines * PEG - polyethylene glycol, molecular weight 400 * * PS - particle size * * * residual moisture 0.3 wt.%
**** in brightening with Ti02 Bayertitan R-KB-2 in a 1:5 ratio The clispersibility of inorganic colored pigments in dispersion paints is tested by means of a high-speed stirrer:
Le A 31 952-Foreian Countries Test rnedium: Dispersion paint, based on PVA emulsion (vinyl acetate, versatic acid vinyl ester), p.v.c* 55%
(Pigment/extender ratio 40/60) * p.v.c. = pigment volume concentration Method: 180 g of white dispersion paint are initially introduced into a vessel and then 6.0 g of the inorganic colored pigment to be tested are sprinkled in with stirring (Bayertitan R-KB-2/
inorganic colored pigment ratio by weight = 5/1).
Test conditions: The following dispersion conditions were established using a high-speed stirrer disk (diameter 4 cm):
min 2000 rpm (4.3=m sec 1) 15 10 min 4500 rpm (9.4=m sec-1) After the individual dispersion times, coatings were applied to a wet film thickness of 90 m and 150 m (coating knife gap) and dried at room temperature.
20 Once dry, the coatings (films) are stripped off with a sharp-edged instrument, so causing the undispersed pigment particles to appear on the surface as dots or streaks.
In the case of readily dispersible pellets, differentiation may be improved by additionally performing an assessment with 10 minutes' stirring at 1000 rpm.
Evaluation: The dispersion energy to be applied to the pellets is assessed on a rating scale from 1 to 5:
level 1: no specks level 2: few specks level 3: moderate specks level 4: many specks Le A :31 952-Foreipn Countries level 5: very many specks Only levels 1 and 2 denote good dispersibility; from level 3, the assessment is inadequate at the applied dispersion energy.
Testing of relative color intensity of inorganic colored pigments in emulsion paints in accordance with DIN 53 234 A dispersion paint is prepared as described for dispersibility. The dried coatings are assessed in the following manner:
The clried coatings are measured in a colorimeter (Dataflash 2000, measurement geometry: D/8 , illuminant C/2 with gloss). The standard X, Y, Z color values of the specir.nen pigment (P) and reference pigment (B) were determined in this manner.
The following equation applies for calculation of relative color intensity F, in %:
Relative color intensity in % (K/S)*specimen x 100 (K/S)*reference The calculation is performed in accordance with DIN 53 234.
Fine clust measurement in accordance with DIN 55 992:
The clust characteristics of a powder or pellet may be measured using a Heubach "Dustmeter". The fine dust discharged from a rotating drum, though which an air strear.n flows at a defined rate, is determined gravimetrically on a glass fibre filter. By makirig measurements after differing exposure times, the dust generation profile may be plotted as a function of mechanical loading.
The dust values are assessed as a weight in comparison with the powder. The subjective visual observation of dust on transfer between containers is also used by way of comparison.
Le A 31 952-Foreign Countries Testing of flow behavior by drain tests in accordance with DIN 53 211:
Flow behavior is determined by measuring the drain time in seconds from a cylindrical vessel (volume 100 ml) with a conical base through a defined bore (generally 6 mm).
Medium particle size Medium particle size was determined by sieve analysis, as generally described in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 5th Ed., Vol. B 2 (1988), p. 2-23.
100,0 grams of sample were placed on a Retsch Vibrotronic Type VE I sieving machine equipped with test sieves made from rust-free steel according to DIN
and L)IN ISO 3310/1, respectively. Depending on particle size distribution, six to eight sieves with openings of 1000, 800, 600, 500, 250, 180, 125, 80 and 40 m were chosen. Two minutes of sieving with an amplitude of 1 mm afforded the corresponding fractions. The medium particle size (MPS) of each fraction was estimated to be the mean value of the openings of the test sieves limiting the fraction, for example the medium particle size of the fraction 40 - 80 m was taken to be 60 ni. The medium particle size of the sample was then calculated by (wt_ o fraction A * MPS fraction A) + (wt. % fraction B * MPS fraction B) +...
Product Process PEG* Residual Drain time Average Quick test Rel. color 400 moisture from 6 mm PS** (150 um) intensity***
[wt. io] [wt. io] cup [sec]; [um] 1000/2000/4 [ io]
dusting 500 [rpm]
properties Powder - - - does not - 3/1/1 100 flow; severe dusting Pellets Spray drying 4 0.6 19; slight 146 1/1/1 99 dusting Pellets Compaction 5 - 33; low 755 4/1/1 98 dusting Pellets Screen: 5 - -, 453 2/1/1 -500 .m; slight fines dusdng * PEG - polyethylene glycol, molecular weight 400 ** PS - particle size *** in brightening with Ti02 Bayertitan R-KB-2 in a 1:5 ratio Quick test: Dispersion energy at 1000, 2000 and 4500 revolutions per minute for minutes (150 m wet film th.ickness). See dispersibility test/
evalution.
Example 2 A suspension of Bayferrox 130M (iron oxide red; commercial product of Bayer AG) was sprayed at a concentration of 50 wt.% solids with the addition of 4 wt.%
of polyethylene glycol 400 (molecular weight 400), relative to solids, through a nozzle with a 1.2 mm bore in a spray dryer at an input temperature of 300 C. The average particle size was 149 m. The pellets flow very well and exhibit dispersibility and color intensity comparable with that of the powder.
Le A 31 952-Foreign Countries The same iron oxide red was mixed with 3 wt.% of polyethylene glycol 400 and compacted at 0.8 kN/cm on a Bepex roller compactor (model 200/100), reduced in size through a screen having a mesh size of 1.5 mm and post-rolled. The pellets had an average particle size of 776 m. The experiment was repeated and screening to a mesh size of 0.5 mm was additionally performed. Dispersibility was adequate, color intensity was just as good as the powder; dusting and flow properties were better.
Table 2 below shows the results.
Table 2:
Product Process PEG* Drain time Average Quick test Rel. color 400 from 6 mm PS** (150 um) intensity****
[wt.%] cup [secl; [um] 1000/2000 [%]
dusting [rpm]
properties Powder - - does not flow; - 1/1 100 severe dusting Pellets Spray drying 4 21 149 1/1 99 ***
Pellets Compaction 3 37; low 776 2/1 99 dusting Pellets Compactioq 3 39 396 2/1 99 screen:
500 m;
fines * PEG - polyethylene glycol, molecular weight 400 * * PS - particle size * * * residual moisture 0.3 wt.%
**** in brightening with Ti02 Bayertitan R-KB-2 in a 1:5 ratio The clispersibility of inorganic colored pigments in dispersion paints is tested by means of a high-speed stirrer:
Le A 31 952-Foreian Countries Test rnedium: Dispersion paint, based on PVA emulsion (vinyl acetate, versatic acid vinyl ester), p.v.c* 55%
(Pigment/extender ratio 40/60) * p.v.c. = pigment volume concentration Method: 180 g of white dispersion paint are initially introduced into a vessel and then 6.0 g of the inorganic colored pigment to be tested are sprinkled in with stirring (Bayertitan R-KB-2/
inorganic colored pigment ratio by weight = 5/1).
Test conditions: The following dispersion conditions were established using a high-speed stirrer disk (diameter 4 cm):
min 2000 rpm (4.3=m sec 1) 15 10 min 4500 rpm (9.4=m sec-1) After the individual dispersion times, coatings were applied to a wet film thickness of 90 m and 150 m (coating knife gap) and dried at room temperature.
20 Once dry, the coatings (films) are stripped off with a sharp-edged instrument, so causing the undispersed pigment particles to appear on the surface as dots or streaks.
In the case of readily dispersible pellets, differentiation may be improved by additionally performing an assessment with 10 minutes' stirring at 1000 rpm.
Evaluation: The dispersion energy to be applied to the pellets is assessed on a rating scale from 1 to 5:
level 1: no specks level 2: few specks level 3: moderate specks level 4: many specks Le A :31 952-Foreipn Countries level 5: very many specks Only levels 1 and 2 denote good dispersibility; from level 3, the assessment is inadequate at the applied dispersion energy.
Testing of relative color intensity of inorganic colored pigments in emulsion paints in accordance with DIN 53 234 A dispersion paint is prepared as described for dispersibility. The dried coatings are assessed in the following manner:
The clried coatings are measured in a colorimeter (Dataflash 2000, measurement geometry: D/8 , illuminant C/2 with gloss). The standard X, Y, Z color values of the specir.nen pigment (P) and reference pigment (B) were determined in this manner.
The following equation applies for calculation of relative color intensity F, in %:
Relative color intensity in % (K/S)*specimen x 100 (K/S)*reference The calculation is performed in accordance with DIN 53 234.
Fine clust measurement in accordance with DIN 55 992:
The clust characteristics of a powder or pellet may be measured using a Heubach "Dustmeter". The fine dust discharged from a rotating drum, though which an air strear.n flows at a defined rate, is determined gravimetrically on a glass fibre filter. By makirig measurements after differing exposure times, the dust generation profile may be plotted as a function of mechanical loading.
The dust values are assessed as a weight in comparison with the powder. The subjective visual observation of dust on transfer between containers is also used by way of comparison.
Le A 31 952-Foreign Countries Testing of flow behavior by drain tests in accordance with DIN 53 211:
Flow behavior is determined by measuring the drain time in seconds from a cylindrical vessel (volume 100 ml) with a conical base through a defined bore (generally 6 mm).
Medium particle size Medium particle size was determined by sieve analysis, as generally described in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 5th Ed., Vol. B 2 (1988), p. 2-23.
100,0 grams of sample were placed on a Retsch Vibrotronic Type VE I sieving machine equipped with test sieves made from rust-free steel according to DIN
and L)IN ISO 3310/1, respectively. Depending on particle size distribution, six to eight sieves with openings of 1000, 800, 600, 500, 250, 180, 125, 80 and 40 m were chosen. Two minutes of sieving with an amplitude of 1 mm afforded the corresponding fractions. The medium particle size (MPS) of each fraction was estimated to be the mean value of the openings of the test sieves limiting the fraction, for example the medium particle size of the fraction 40 - 80 m was taken to be 60 ni. The medium particle size of the sample was then calculated by (wt_ o fraction A * MPS fraction A) + (wt. % fraction B * MPS fraction B) +...
Claims (12)
1. Inorganic pigment pellets comprising at least one inorganic pigment and at least one water-soluble, hydrophilic or hydrophobic/hydrophilic dispersion-promoting binder which is liquid at 25°C, or a mixture of water-soluble, hydrophilic or hydrophobic/hydrophilic dispersion-promoting binders which mixture is liquid at 25°C in a quantity of 0.1 to 10 wt%, relative to the at least one inorganic pigment, and wherein the pellets have an average particle size of 50 to 1500 µm, a bulk density of 0.3 to 1.8 g/cm3 and a water content of <=2 wt%, relative to the at least one inorganic pigment.
2. The pellets according to claim 1, wherein the at least one inorganic pigment is selected from the group consisting of iron oxides, titanium dioxides, zinc oxides, chromium oxides, light-fast pigments, bismuth vanadate, carbon blacks and mixtures thereof.
3. The pellets according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the dispersion-promoting binder is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene and polypropylene glycols which are liquid at 25°C.
4. The pellets according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the dispersion-promoting binder is selected from the group consisting of polyglycols and fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers having melting points of below 35°C and boiling points of 150°C to 300°C.
5. The pellets according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the dispersion-promoting binder is selected from the group consisting of liquid mixtures of polyethylene or polypropylene glycols which are liquid at 25°C, and liquid mixtures of polyethylene or polypropylene glycols which are liquid at 25°C with polyglycol compounds having melting points of below 35°C or polyhydric polyhydroxy compounds soluble in the polyethylene or polypropylene glycols which are liquid at 25°C.
6. The pellets according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the pellets additionally comprise a preservative, defoamer, retention agent, anti-settling agent, wetting agent or emulsifier.
7. A process for the production of inorganic pigment pellets, comprising the steps of: mixing at least one inorganic pigment powder with at least one water-soluble, hydrophilic or hydrophobic/hydrophilic dispersion-promoting binder which is liquid at 25°C or a mixture of water-soluble, hydrophilic or hydrophobic/hydrophilic dispersion-promoting binders which mixture is liquid at 25°C in a quantity of 0.1 to 10 wt%, relative to the inorganic pigment powder; and pelletizing the resultant mixture directly or in the form of an aqueous suspension.
8. The process according to claim 7, wherein the pelletizing step comprises using a co- or countercurrent spray process by means of a single-fluid nozzle or two-fluid nozzles, or by means of atomizing dryers, wherein the pellets produced have an average particle size of 50 to 500 µm.
9. The process according to claim 7, wherein the pelletizing step comprises agglomeration by means of rotating disks, rotating drums, mixers or using a fluidized bed process, wherein the pellets produced have an average particle size of 80 to 1500 µm.
10. The process according to claim 7, 8 or 9, wherein the at least one inorganic pigment powder is mixed with the at least one water-soluble, hydrophilic or hydrophobic/hydrophilic dispersion-promoting binder which is liquid at 25°C or the mixture of water-soluble, hydrophilic or hydrophobic/hydrophilic dispersion-promoting binders which mixture is liquid at 25°C and the resultant mixture is compacted and crushed to obtain a fraction having an average particle size of 100 to 1000 µm.
11. The process according to any one of claims 7 to 10, further comprising the step of post treating the inorganic pigment pellets.
12. The process according to claim 11, wherein the post treating step comprises application of an alcohol, an ester, a silicone compound, an amine, an amide, a polyol, a polyether, a cellulose derivative, a polyacrylate or a polyphosphate in a quantity of 0.01 to 3 wt%, relative to the inorganic pigment pellets.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19704943.5 | 1997-02-10 | ||
| DE1997104943 DE19704943A1 (en) | 1997-02-10 | 1997-02-10 | Inorganic pigment granules for coloring plastics, paints and building materials and a process for their production |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2229086A1 CA2229086A1 (en) | 1998-08-10 |
| CA2229086C true CA2229086C (en) | 2007-10-23 |
Family
ID=7819788
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2229086 Expired - Lifetime CA2229086C (en) | 1997-02-10 | 1998-02-06 | Inorganic pigment pellets for coloring plastics, lacquers and building materials and a process for the production thereof |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6132505A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0857764B2 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP4331281B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100491054B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1166742C (en) |
| AU (1) | AU743076B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9800587A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2229086C (en) |
| DE (2) | DE19704943A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2219794T5 (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ329710A (en) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19811553A1 (en) | 1998-03-18 | 1999-09-23 | Bayer Ag | Production of free-flowing, non-dusting carbon black granules, useful for pigmenting concrete, asphalt, plastics, ink and paint etc. |
| DE19839856A1 (en) * | 1998-09-02 | 2000-04-20 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Preparation agent |
| US6562120B2 (en) * | 1998-09-08 | 2003-05-13 | Elementis Uk Limited | Granular pigments |
| DE19950712A1 (en) * | 1999-10-21 | 2001-04-26 | Vti Thueringer Verfahrenstechn | Colored pigment granules for coloring concrete comprises individual granules surrounded by a soluble enveloping material without a binder |
| DE10066190B4 (en) * | 2000-01-21 | 2004-11-04 | Brockhues Gmbh & Co. Kg | Use of a combination of alkaline earth ion binding compounds and mono- or polyhydroxy compounds for the production of pigment granules |
| FR2824563B1 (en) * | 2001-05-10 | 2004-12-03 | Bio Merieux | COMPOSITE PARTICLES, DERIVATIVES, PREPARATION METHOD AND APPLICATIONS |
| DE10145860A1 (en) | 2001-09-18 | 2003-04-10 | Degussa | Pigment soot preparations |
| US6596072B1 (en) | 2001-11-27 | 2003-07-22 | Hamburger Color Company | Product and method for coloring concrete |
| US7566497B2 (en) * | 2002-04-22 | 2009-07-28 | Manufacturing and Process Technologies, L.L.C. | Method for forming pigment pseudoparticles |
| US6908675B1 (en) * | 2002-04-22 | 2005-06-21 | William Louis Bohach | Process to reduce dusting and improve flow properties of pigments and powders |
| DE102004012598A1 (en) * | 2004-03-12 | 2005-09-29 | Dennert Poraver Gmbh | Process for producing foam glass granules |
| ITMI20050443A1 (en) * | 2005-03-17 | 2006-09-18 | In T Ec S R L | GRANULAR LOXIDE MATERIALS AND PROCEDURE FOR THEIR PREPARATION |
| KR101200119B1 (en) * | 2005-06-06 | 2012-11-12 | 매뉴팩쳐링 앤드 프로세스 테크놀러지스, 엘엘씨 | Methods for forming pigment pseudoparticles |
| AU2006202780A1 (en) * | 2005-07-27 | 2007-02-15 | Lanxess Deutschland Gmbh | Pigment/auxiliary combination having improved colour properties |
| DE102006037079A1 (en) | 2006-08-07 | 2008-02-14 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Carbon black, process for producing carbon black and apparatus for carrying out the process |
| DE102006055975A1 (en) * | 2006-11-24 | 2008-05-29 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Granules of metals and metal oxides |
| DE102007023913A1 (en) | 2007-05-23 | 2008-11-27 | Lanxess Deutschland Gmbh | Pigment preparations of pasty or gelatinous consistency |
| DE102007023912A1 (en) | 2007-05-23 | 2008-11-27 | Lanxess Deutschland Gmbh | Pigment preparations of pasty or gelatinous consistency |
| DE102007060307A1 (en) | 2007-12-12 | 2009-06-18 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Process for the aftertreatment of carbon black |
| DE102008026894A1 (en) * | 2008-06-05 | 2009-12-10 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Ink jet ink |
| DE102008045121A1 (en) * | 2008-09-01 | 2010-03-04 | Lanxess Deutschland Gmbh | Pigment granules containing inorganic filter aids |
| DE102008044116A1 (en) | 2008-11-27 | 2010-06-02 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Pigment granules, process for their preparation and use |
| PT2196507E (en) | 2008-12-12 | 2011-09-22 | Evonik Carbon Black Gmbh | Ink jet ink |
| DE102010002244A1 (en) | 2010-02-23 | 2011-08-25 | Evonik Carbon Black GmbH, 63457 | Carbon black, process for its preparation and its use |
| EP2471878A1 (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2012-07-04 | LANXESS Deutschland GmbH | Agent containing oil and wax in portioned form for colouring asphalt and bitumen |
| CN102604434B (en) * | 2012-02-21 | 2013-11-06 | 升华集团德清华源颜料有限公司 | Preparation method of coated iron oxide black with medium temperature resistance |
| CN102618091A (en) * | 2012-03-13 | 2012-08-01 | 南通宝聚颜料有限公司 | Method for preparing free-flowing granular iron oxide yellow pigment |
| CN102618089A (en) * | 2012-03-13 | 2012-08-01 | 南通宝聚颜料有限公司 | Preparation method for free-flowing particle ferric oxide red paint |
| JP2014196493A (en) * | 2014-04-11 | 2014-10-16 | マニユフアクチヤリング・アンド・プロセス・テクノロジーズ・エルエルシー（デイー／ビー／エイ エムピー テクノロジーズ） | Method of forming pigment pseudo-particle |
| AU2015202815B2 (en) * | 2014-05-23 | 2016-07-07 | Drikolor Inc | Concrete colourants |
| CN104404821B (en) * | 2014-10-24 | 2017-02-15 | 金东纸业（江苏）股份有限公司 | Preparation method for pigment slurry, paint and coated paper |
| DE102016009514A1 (en) * | 2016-08-04 | 2018-02-08 | Giesecke+Devrient Currency Technology Gmbh | Method and apparatus for producing composite particles |
| EP3567081A1 (en) | 2018-05-10 | 2019-11-13 | Novachem Industriale S.r.l. | Solid coloring composition and preparation process thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US596710A (en) * | 1898-01-04 | kennedy | ||
| US3843380A (en) * | 1972-12-26 | 1974-10-22 | Scm Corp | Process for spray drying pigment |
| US4116710A (en) * | 1973-10-24 | 1978-09-26 | The Dow Chemical Company | Metallic particulate |
| US4116711A (en) * | 1975-06-26 | 1978-09-26 | Fitzhugh Lee Avera | Non-dusting coloring agent and method of manufacture |
| CH635862A5 (en) * | 1977-10-15 | 1983-04-29 | Ciba Geigy Ag | Process for granulation of pigments. |
| DE2819004C2 (en) * | 1978-04-29 | 1982-05-27 | Dynamit Nobel Ag, 5210 Troisdorf | Process for the production of alkali aluminates from aqueous solutions |
| US4277288A (en) * | 1978-10-06 | 1981-07-07 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Fluidized granulation of pigments using organic granulating assistant |
| DE3132303A1 (en) * | 1981-08-17 | 1983-02-24 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Preparation of low-dusting inorganic pigment granules having a narrow particle size distribution |
| DE3344463A1 (en) * | 1983-12-02 | 1985-06-13 | Heubach Hans Dr Gmbh Co Kg | Permanently dusting-free pigment preparations |
| CH658667A5 (en) * | 1984-05-04 | 1986-11-28 | Ciba Geigy Ag | METHOD FOR PRODUCING DYE GRANULES. |
| DE3628320A1 (en) * | 1986-08-21 | 1988-02-25 | Bayer Ag | HYDROPHOBIC PIGMENTS AND FILLERS FOR INTRODUCTION IN PLASTICS |
| US4952617A (en) * | 1987-11-06 | 1990-08-28 | Columbian Chemicals Company | Dispersion of pigments in resins and coatings systems |
| DE3841848A1 (en) * | 1988-12-13 | 1990-06-21 | Bayer Ag | Inorganic Pigments with Improved Properties |
| DE3935815A1 (en) * | 1989-10-27 | 1991-05-02 | Degussa | DUSTARM PIGMENT- BZW. DYE-FINE GRANULES |
| DE4336613C1 (en) * | 1993-10-27 | 1995-02-09 | Bayer Ag | Process for colouring building materials |
| DE4336612C2 (en) * | 1993-10-27 | 1995-09-07 | Bayer Ag | Multi-stage process for the production of inorganic pigment granules and their use for coloring plastics and for the production of powder coatings |
| US5455288A (en) † | 1994-01-26 | 1995-10-03 | Needham; Donald G. | Dustless color concentrate granules |
| DE4422118A1 (en) * | 1994-06-24 | 1996-01-04 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Preparations of monodisperse spherical oxide particles |
| DE19649756B4 (en) * | 1996-04-18 | 2005-05-25 | Bayer Chemicals Ag | Process for the preparation of briquetting and pressed granules from carbon black pigments and their use |
-
1997
- 1997-02-10 DE DE1997104943 patent/DE19704943A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1998
- 1998-01-28 ES ES98101443T patent/ES2219794T5/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-01-28 DE DE59811211T patent/DE59811211D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-01-28 EP EP19980101443 patent/EP0857764B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-02-03 US US09/017,778 patent/US6132505A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-02-04 JP JP3659398A patent/JP4331281B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-02-05 AU AU52944/98A patent/AU743076B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-02-05 NZ NZ32971098A patent/NZ329710A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-02-06 CA CA 2229086 patent/CA2229086C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-02-09 KR KR10-1998-0003692A patent/KR100491054B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-02-10 CN CNB981064299A patent/CN1166742C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-02-10 BR BR9800587A patent/BR9800587A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR100491054B1 (en) | 2005-06-16 |
| KR19980071198A (en) | 1998-10-26 |
| ES2219794T5 (en) | 2009-03-01 |
| BR9800587A (en) | 1999-07-20 |
| NZ329710A (en) | 1999-06-29 |
| EP0857764B1 (en) | 2004-04-21 |
| US6132505A (en) | 2000-10-17 |
| DE59811211D1 (en) | 2004-05-27 |
| DE19704943A1 (en) | 1998-08-13 |
| EP0857764B2 (en) | 2008-08-27 |
| CA2229086A1 (en) | 1998-08-10 |
| EP0857764A2 (en) | 1998-08-12 |
| CN1166742C (en) | 2004-09-15 |
| ES2219794T3 (en) | 2004-12-01 |
| AU5294498A (en) | 1998-08-13 |
| AU743076B2 (en) | 2002-01-17 |
| JP4331281B2 (en) | 2009-09-16 |
| CN1195006A (en) | 1998-10-07 |
| JPH10231367A (en) | 1998-09-02 |
| EP0857764A3 (en) | 1999-11-10 |
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| EEER | Examination request | ||
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