CA2228738C - Three step process for producing light olefins from methane and/or ethane - Google Patents

Abstract

Light olefins are produced from a hydrocarbon gas stream by a combination of steam reforming, oxygenate production, and oxygenate conversion to olefin wherein a crude methanol stream - produced in the production of oxygenates and comprising methanol, light ends, and heavier alcohols - is passed directly to the oxygenate conversion zone for the production of light olefins. Furthermore, the combination provides the synergy for increased catalyst life and reduced water treatment costs by recycling by-product water produced in the oxygenate conversion zone to provide water to the steam reforming zone. The advantage of this integration is the elimination of costly methanol separation and purification steps which result in the overall reduction in the costs of producing the light olefins.
In addition, a portion of the by-product water can be combined with a propylene stream to provide a high octane blending component for gasoline. The propylene and butylene fractions produced by the above integrated scheme are further converted to high octane ether and other high value products.

Description

"THREE STEP PROCESS FOR PRODUCING LIGHT
OLEFINS FROM METHANE AND/OR ETHANE"
FIELD
This invention relates to an integrated three step process for the production of light olefins from a hydrocarbon feedstream containing methane andlor ethane.
BACKGROUND
Light olefins have traditionally been produced through the process of steam or cati~lytic cracking. Because of the limited availability and high cost of petroleum sources, the 1 o cost of producing light olefins from such petroleum sources has been steadily increasing. Light olefins serve as feeds for the production of numerous chemicals. As the emerging economies of the Third World strain toward growth and expansion, the demand for light olefins will increase dramatically .
The search for alternative materials for light olefin production has led to the use of oxygenates such as alcohols, and more particularly to the use of methanol, ethanol, and higher alcohols or their derivatives. These alcohols may be produced by fermentation or from synthesis gas. Synthesis gas can be produced from natural gas, petroleum liquids, and carbonaceous marerials including coal, recycled plastics, municipal wastes, or any organic material. Thus, 2 o alcohol and alcohol derivatives may provide non-petroleum based routes for the production of ole:fm and other related hydrocarbons.
Methanol is typically synthesized in the gas phase or liquid phase over a 2 5 heterogeneous catalyst. The feed to the methanol plant comprises a combination of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. The synthesis reactions employed on an industrial scale are as follows:
CO + 2H2 ~ CH30H

3 0 or COz + 3H2 ~CH30H + H20 The catalyst formulations typically include copper oxide (60-70%), zinc oxide (20-30% ) and alumina (5-15%). Chapter 3 of Methanol Production and Use, edited by Wu-Hsun Cheng and Harold H. Kung, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1994, pages 51-73, provides a summary of the current methanol production technology with respect to catalyst, reactors, typical yields operating conditions.
Methanol is generally produced in what in known as a synthesis loop which incorporates the generation of the synthesis gas. Although synthesis gas may be produced from coal gasification and partial oxidation, the primary route in industry is via the steam reforming of natural gas. The steam reformer is generally a large process furnace in which catalyst-filled tubes are heated externally by direct firing to provide the necessary heat for the following reaction to take place:
C~Hz"+z + ~z0 ~ nC0 + (2n + 1)Hz wherein n is the number of carbon atoms per molecule of hydrocarbon. A process known as combined reforming employs both a primary and a secondary reformer in series for the production of synthesis gas. In the secondary reformer, nearly pure oxygen (99.5+%) is injected 2 0 to combust excess hydrogen to produce a nearly stoichiometric synthesis gas having a stoichiometric ratio of R with a value close to unity where:
R = moles H_z 2x moles CO + 3 moles COz Sections 3.3.3 and 3.3.4 of Methanol Production and Use, supra, pages 84-93, describe the production of synthesis gas from natural gas.
The design of the methanol synthesis loop and associated distillation train to purify 3 0 the methanol product is generally based on reliability, operability, and capital cost considerations.
Crude methanol, as produced by the synthesis section, contains water and impurities which typically must be removed before the methanol product can be used commercially. Crude methanol is generally processed in a multi column system which includes a topping column to remove light ends, such as ethers, ketones, and aldehydes, and dissolved gases such as hydrogen 3 5 methane, carbon oxide, and nitrogen. The final separation in a refining zone is difficult and requires a large number of distillation stages in one or more columns.
Significant energy is required to separate and purify the methanol. Particularly difficult is the ethanol/methanol separation to reach purities of less than 10 ppm ethanol. The higher boiling alcohols are extracted from a point near the bottom of the refining zone while water is removed from the bottom of the column. Sections 3.4.6 of Methanol Production and Use, supra, pages 111-113 summarize fractionation options.
Molecular sieves such as the microporous crystalline zeolite and non-zeolitic catalysts, particularly silicoaluminophosphates (SAPO), are known to promote the conversion of oxygenates to hydrocarbon mixtures. Numerous patents describe this process for various types l o of these catalysts: for example, see US-A-3,928,483; US-A-4,025,575; US-A-4,252,479;
US-A-4,496,786; US-A-4,547,616; US-A-4,677,243; US-A-4,843,183; US-A-4,499,314;
US-A-4,447,669; US-A-5,095,163; US-A-5,126,308; US-A-4,973,792; and US-A-4,861,938.
The oxygenate conversion process may be generally conducted in the presence of 1 S one or more diluents which may be present in the oxygenate feed in an amount between 1 and 99 molar percent, based on the total number of moles of all feed and diluent components fed to the reaction zone (or catalyst). Diluents include - but are not limited to -helium, argon, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, water, paraffins, hydrocarbons (such as methane and the like), aromatic compounds, or mixtures thereof. US-A-4,861,938 and US-A-4,677,242 2 0 particularly emphasize the use of a diluent combined with the feed to the reaction zone to maintain sufficient catalyst selectivity toward the production of light olefin products, particularly ethylene.
WO-A-93/13013 relates to an improved method for producing a silico-alumino-2 S phosphate catalyst which is more stable to deactivation by coking. The patent discloses that after a period of time, all such catalysts used to convert methanol to olefin (MTO) lose the active ability to convert methanol to hydrocarbons primarily because the microporous crystal structure is coked; that is, filled up with low volatility carbonaceous compounds which block the pore structure. The carbonaceous compounds can be removed by conventional methods such as 3 o combustion in air.
US-A-4,076,761 relates to a process for the production of LPG and gasoline from synthesis gas wherein the synthesis gas is derived from fossil fuels. The synthesis gas is passed to a first reaction zone wherein the synthesis gas is catalytically converted to a mixture of 3 5 methanol and dimethyl/ether which is in turn converted in a separate reaction zone containing a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite catalyst to a product which is separated into a high octane gasoline fraction, a light hydrocarbon gas fraction, and a hydrogen-rich gas fraction which is rec,~cled to the conversion of fossil fuels to synthesis gas.
US-A-5,130,101 and US-A-5,041,690 disclose a process for the conversion of mel:hanol or other alcohol to high octane gasoline components wherein the process comprises passing a crude aqueous alcohol feedstock containing from 2 to 20% water to an extraction zone.
In the extraction zone, the feedstock is extracted with a liquid extractant containing C4+ isoolefm to produce an extract stream containing a sufficient amount of methanol substantially free of 1 o water which is then reacted to form tert.-alkyl ethers such as MTBE. The aqueous raffinate lean in methanol is converted to olefinic hydrocarbons in a catalytic reactor zone.
Propene from the caW lytic reactor zone is reacted with water to produce di-isopropyl ether.
Isobutylene and iso~unylene from the catalytic reactor zone can be recovered and recycled as the liquid extractant.
Methods are sought to reduce energy and capital cost in the production of light olei=lns from methanol by taking advantage of the by-products produced in the conversion of carbon oxides to methanol and related oxygenates.
SUMMARY
It has been discovered that significant capital cost and energy savings as well as the additional yield of olefins can be accomplished by the combination of a methanol plant with 2 5 an oxygenate conversion process. The present invention relates to a process for sending the crude methanol as produced in the methanol plant to the methanol to olefins (MTO) process without removing the water or the impurities. The fusel oils in crude methanol, which typically include higher alcohols and are generally burned as a fuel in the methanol plant, are passed to the oxygenate conversion process for the additional production of light olefins in the present 3 0 invention. In so doing it was found that the yield of ethylene, propylene, and butylenes can be enhanced at significant capital and operating cost savings by not requiring a complex and expensive distillation train for the production of high purity methanol.
Furthermore, a problem with carbon oxide conversion units such as methanol plants is that the reactions which produce the oxygenates are highly exothermic and production is often carried out in very large plants at world-scale production rates which are approaching about 7,000 to about 10,000 metric tons per day in a single production train. As a consequence, the carbon oxide conversion catalyst which promotes the reduction reactions is disposed in thin wall tubes, making catalyst replacement 5 expensive and plant downtime for catalyst replacement very costly. By processing crude methanol directly in the oxygenate conversion unit of the present invention, as the carbon oxide conversion catalyst looses its selectivity to methanol in favor of other oxygenates such as dilrcethyl ether, fusel oils and heavier alcohols as the catalyst ages, the useful life of the carbon oxide catalyst can be extended beyond normal limits for the production of olefins from the 1 o oxygenate conversion zone which converts these other oxygenates into light olefins. The synergy provided by the linking of the above operations thereby provides sigr>ificant water treatment equipment, catalyst, and operating cost savings.
In one embodiment, the invention is a process for the production of light olefins from a hydrocarbon gas feedstream, comprising methane and/or ethane. The process comprises passing the feedstream in combination with a water stream to a syngas production zone to produce a synthesis gas stream via a steam reforming reaction. The synthesis gas stream is passed directly to an oxygenate formation zone to produce a crude methanol stream comprising methanol, dimethyl ether, and heavier oxygenates. At least a portion of the crude methanol 2 o stream is passed in the presence of a diluent to an olefin production zone containing a small pore non-zeolitic catalyst to produce a light olefin stream. The effluent from the light olefin production zone consists essentially of light olefins having from 2-4 carbon atoms per molecule and water by-product. The water by-product stream is recovered and at least a portion thereof is recycled to provide at least a portion of the water used in the steam-reforming step and of the 2 5 diluent used in the olefin production zone.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
3 0 Fig. 1 is a schematic process flow diagram illustrating the prior art process.
Fig. 2 is a schematic process flow diagram illustrating the passing of crude methanol to an oxygenate conversion zone of the instant invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic flow diagram of the process of the present invention illustrating the integration of a petrochemical complex with water recycle.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The hydrocarbon gas feedstream refers to a stream containing methane and/or ethane such as produced from a natural gas, coal, shale oil, residua or combination 1 o thereof. The hydrocarbon gas feed stream is then a light paraffin stream containing methane and.lor ethane. The hydrocarbon gas stream is passed to a synthesis gas plant wherein it is reacted with water and wherein impurities such as sulfur compounds, nitrogen compounds, particulate matter, and condensibles are removed in the conventional manner to provide a synthesis gas stream reduced in contaminants and containing a desired molar ratio of hydrogen to carlbon oxide (carbon monoxide plus carbon dioxide). A carbon oxide, as used herein, refers to carlbon dioxide and/or carbon monoxide. Synthesis gas refers to a combination of hydrogen and carlbon oxides produced in a synthesis gas plant via the steam reforming reactor from a hydlrocarbon gas derived from natural gas or from the partial oxidation of petroleum or coal residues. Generally, the production of oxygenates, primarily methanol, takes place as a 2 o combination of three process steps and a utility section. The three process steps are: synthesis gas preparation, methanol synthesis, and methanol distillation. In the synthesis gas preparation step, the hydrocarbon feedstock is purified to remove sulfur and other potential catalyst poisons prior to being converted into synthesis gas. The conversion to synthesis gas generally takes place at high temperatures over a nickel-containing catalyst to produce a synthesis gas containing a 2 5 combination of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide. Typically, the pressure at whiich synthesis gas is produced ranges from 20 to 75 bar (2 to 75 mPa) and the temperature at whiich the synthesis gas exits the reformer ranges from 700 to 1100°C.
The synthesis gas contains a molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon oxide ranging from 2 to 3, and more typically the molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon oxide varies from 2.0 to 2.3. The synthesis gas is 3 0 subsequently compressed to a methanol synthesis pressure. In the methanol synthesis step, the compressed synthesis gas is converted to methanol, water, and minor amounts of by-products.
The synthesis gas preparation, also known as reforming, may take place in a sinl;le-step wherein all of the energy consuming reforming reactions are accomplished in a single tubular steam reformer. The single-step reformer results in a production of surplus hydrogen and a substantial heat surplus. In a preferred alternative, the synthesis gas preparation may take place in a~ two-step steam reforming process wherein the primary reforming in a tubular steam reformer is combined with an oxygen-fired secondary reforming step which produces a synthesis gas with a deficiency in hydrogen. With this combination it is possible to adjust the synthesis gas composition to the most suitable composition for methanol synthesis. As an alternative, autothermal steam reforming - wherein a stand-alone, oxygen-fired reformer produces synthesis gas having a hydrogen deficiency followed by the downstream removal of carbon dioxide to 1 o restore the desired ratio of hydrogen to carbon oxide - results in a simplified process scheme with lower capital cost. The burner design is an important part if either oxygen-fired step. The burner mixes the hydrocarbon and oxygen and by combustion in the flame, heat is provided for conversion of the hydrocarbon.
The reaction from synthesis gas to oxygenates such as methanol is an exothermic reaction which is favored by low temperature and high pressure over a heterogeneous catalyst.
The reactions which produce methanol exhibit a decrease in volume. As disclosed in US~-A-3,326,956, low-pressure methanol synthesis is based on a copper oxide-zinc oxide-alumina caW lyst that typically operates at a nominal pressure of 5-10 MPa and temperatures ranging from 2 o 150 to about 450°C over a variety of catalysts, including CuO/ZnO/A1z03, CuO/ZnO/Cr203, Zn(~/Cr203, and containing one or metals selected from Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Os, Pt, and Pd.
Catalysts based on ZnO for the production of methanol and dimethyl ether are preferred. The low-pressure, copper-based methanol synthesis catalyst is commercially available from suppliers such as BASF, ICI Ltd. of the United Kingdom, and Haldor-Topsoe. Methanol yields from 2 5 copper-based catalysts are generally over 99.5 % of the converted CO +C02 present as methanol in t:he crude product stream. Water is a by-product of the conversion of the synthesis gas to oxygenates. A paper entitled, "Selection of Technology for Large Methanol Plants," by Helge Holm-Larsen, presented at the 1994 World Methanol Conference, November 30 -December 1, 199'4, in Geneva, Switzerland reviews the developments in methanol production and shows how 3 o further reduction in costs of methanol production will result in the construction of very large plants with capacities approaching 10,000 metric tonnes per day. Methanol and other oxygenates produced in the above manner are herein further referred to as an oxygenate feedstock.

g In accordance with the oxygenate conversion step of the present combination invention, an oxygenate feedstock is catalytically converted to hydrocarbons containing aliphatic mo ieties such as - but not limited to - methane, ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, butylene, and limited amounts of other higher aliphatics by contacting the oxygenate feedstock with a preselected catalyst. The oxygenate feedstock comprises hydrocarbons containing aliphatic moieties such as - but not limited to - alcohols, halides, mercaptans, sulfides, amines, ethers and carbonyl compounds or mixtures thereof. The aliphatic moiety preferably contains from about 1 to ;bout 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably 1 to about 4 carbon atoms.
Representative oxygenates include - but are not limited to - methanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, ethanol, fuel alcohols, dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, methyl mercaptan, methyl sulfide, methyl amine, ethyl mercaptan, ethylchloride, formaldehyde, dimethylketone, acetic acid, n-alkylamines, n-alk~~lhalides, and n-alkyl-sulfides having alkyl groups of 1 to 10 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof. In a preferred embodiment, crude methanol is used as the oxygenate feedstock. As used and described herein, the term "crude methanol" or "crude oxygenate feedstock"
designates the effluent from the carbon oxide conversion zone and refers to a stream comprising methanol, ethanol, water, light ends, and fuel oils. The light ends include ethers, ketones, aldehydes, and dis~;olved gases such as hydrogen, methane, carbon oxide, and nitrogen. The fusel oils include heavier hydrocarbons such as paraffms and higher alcohols. Crude oxygenate feedstock as employed in the present invention and described herein designates only the organic material used 2 0 as ~:he feed. The total charge of feed to the oxygenate conversion reaction zone may contain additional compounds such as diluents.
A diluent is required to maintain the selectivity of the oxygenate conversion caW lyst to produce light olefins, particularly ethylene and propylene. The use of steam as the 2 5 diluent provides certain equipment cost and thermal efficiency advantages.
The phase change between steam and liquid water can be employed to advantage in transferring heat between the feedstock and the reactor effluent, and the separation of the diluent from the product requires simple condensation of the water to separate the water from the hydrocarbons.
Ratios of 1 mole of feed to 4 moles of water have been disclosed.
The oxygenate conversion step of the present combination invention is preferably conducted in the vapor phase such that the crude oxygenate feedstock is contacted in a vapor phase in a reaction zone with a non-zeolite molecular sieve catalyst at effective process conditions to produce hydrocarbons, i.e., an effective temperature, pressure, weight hourly space velocity (W:EiSV) and, optionally, an effective amount of diluent, correlated to produce olefins having 2 to 4 carbon atoms per molecule. Preferably, the olefins produced by the oxygenate conversion zone consist essentially of ethylene, propylene, and butylene and preferably at least 90% of the olefins in l:he olefin product consist of ethylene, propylene, and butylene. The oxygenate conversion process is affected for a period of time sufficient to produce the desired light olefin products. In general, the residence time employed to produce the desired olefin product can vary from sec~~nds to a number of hours. It will be readily appreciated that the residence time will be determined to a significant extent by the reaction temperature, the molecular sieve selected, the 1 o WfISV, the phase (liquid or vapor) and process design characteristics selected. The crude oxygenate feedstock flow rate affects olefin production. Increasing the feedstock flow rate increase WHSV (expressed as weight of feedstock per hour divided by catalyst bed weigh) and enhances the formation of olefin production relative to paraffin production.
However, the enhanced olefin production relative to paraffin production is offset by a diminished conversion of oxygenate to hydrocarbons.
The oxygenate conversion step is effectively carried out over a wide range of pre;~sures, including autogenous pressures. At pressures between 0.001 atmospheres (0.1 kPa) and 1000 atmospheres (101.3 mPa), the formation of light olefin products will be affected 2 0 although the optimum amount of product will not necessarily form at all pressures. The preferred pressure is between about 0.01 atmospheres (0.1 kPa) and 100 atmospheres (10.13 mPa). More preferably, the pressure will range from 1 to 10 atmospheres (101.3 kPa to 1.013 mPa). The pressures referred to herein for the oxygenate conversion process are exclusive of the inert diluent, if any, that is present and refer to the partial pressure of the feedstock as it relates to 2 5 oxygenate compounds and/or mixtures thereof. Pressures outside the stated range are not excluded from the scope of this invention, although such do not fall within certain desirable embodiments of the invention. At the lower and upper end of the pressure range and beyond, the sele:ctivities, conversions and/or rates to light olefin products may not occur at the optimum, although light olefin such as ethylene may still be formed.
The temperature which may be employed in the oxygenate conversion step may vary over a wide range depending, at least in part, on the selected molecular sieve catalyst. In general, the process can be conducted at an effective temperature between 200 °C (392 °F) and 700 °C (1292 °F). Temperatures outside the stated range are not excluded, although they do not fall within certain desirable embodiments of the present invention. At the lower end of the temperature range, and thus, generally at a lower rate of reaction, the formation of the desired light olefin products may become markedly slow. At the upper end of the temperature range and 5 beyond, the oxygenate conversion process may not form an optimum amount of light olefin products. Notwithstanding these factors, the reaction will still occur and the feedstock, at least in part, can be converted to the desired light olefin products at temperatures outside this range.
The selection of a particular catalyst for use in the oxygenate conversion step 1 o depends upon the particular oxygenate conversion desired but in a preferred aspect of the present invention where a crude oxygenate stream is converted into light olefins, it is preferred that the catalysts have relatively small pores. The preferred small pore catalysts are defined as having pores at least a portion, preferably a major portion, of which have an average effective diameter characterized such that the adsorption capacity (as measured by the standard McBain-Bakr gravimetric adsorption method using given adsorbate molecules) shows adsorption of oxygen (average kinetic diameter of about 0.346 nm) and negligible adsorption of isobutane (average kinetic diameter of about 0.5 nm). More preferably the average effective diameter is characterized by adsorption of xenon (average kinetic diameter of about 0.4 nm) and negligible adsorption of isobutane and most preferably by adsorption of n-hexane (average kinetic diameter of about 0.43 nm) and negligible adsorption of isobutane. Negligible adsorption of a given adsorbate is adsorption of less than three percent by weight of the catalyst and adsorption of the adsorbate is over three percent by weight of the adsorbate based on the weight of the catalyst.
Certain of the catalysts useful in the present invention have pores with an average effective diameter of less than 5 Angstroms. The average effective diameter of the pores of preferred catalysts is determined by measurements described in D. W. Breck, ZEOLITE
MOLECULAR
SIEVES by John Wiley & Sons, New York (1974). The term effective diameter is used to denote that occasionally the pores are irregularly shaped, e.g., elliptical, and thus the pore dimensions are characterized by the molecules that can be adsorbed rather than the actual dimensions. Preferably, the small pore catalysts are non-zeolitic and have a substantially uniform pore structure, e.g., substantially uniformly sized and shaped pore.
Non-zeolitic molecular sieves include molecular sieves which have the proper effective pore size and are embraced by an empirical chemical composition, on an anhydrous basis, expressed by the empirical formula:
(ELxAIYPZ)OZ
where EL is a metal selected from the group consisting of silicon, magnesium, zinc, iron, cobalt, nickel, manganese, chromium and mixtures thereof, x is the mole fraction of EL
and is at least 0.005, y is the mole fraction of Al and is at least 0.01, z is the mole fraction of P and is at least 0.01 and x + y + z = 1. When EL is a mixture of metals, x represents the total amount of the metal mixture present. Preferred metals (EL) are silicon, magnesium and cobalt with silicon being especially preferred.
The preparation of various ELAPOs are well known in the art and may be found in US-A-5,191,141 (ELAPO); US-A-4,554,143 (FeAPO); US-A-4,440,871 (SAPO);
US-A-4,853,197 (MAPO, MnAPO, ZnAPO, CoAPO); US-A-4,793,984 (CAPO), US-A-4,752,651 and US-A-4,310,440. Generally, the ELAPO molecular sieves are synthesized by hydrothermal crystallization from a reaction mixture containing reactive sources of EL, aluminum, phosphorus 2 o and a templating agent. Reactive sources of EL are the metal salts such as the chloride and nitrate salts. When EL is silicon, a preferred source is fumed, colloidal or precipitated silica. Preferred reactive sources of aluminum and phosphorus are pseudo-boehmite alumina and phosphoric acid.
Preferred templating agents are amines and quaternary ammonium compounds. An especially preferred templating agent is tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEAOH). The reaction mixture is placed in a sealed pressure vessel, optionally lined with an inert plastic material such as polytetrafluoroethylene and heated preferably under autogenous pressure at a temperature between 50 to 250°C and preferably between 100 to 200°C for a time sufficient to produce crystals of the ELAPO molecular sieve. Typically the time varies from 2 to 720 hr and preferably from 4 to 440 3 o hr. The desired product is recovered by any convenient method such as centrifugation or filtration.
It is known that the particle size do the ELAPO molecular sieve can be reduced by stirring the reaction mixture at high speeds (see examples) and by using tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEAOH) as the templating agent. It is preferred that the ELAPO molecular sieves are composed of particles at least 50% of which have a particle size less than 1.0 ,um and no more than 10% of the ELAPO particles have a particle size greater than 2.0 pm. The ELAPOs which are synthesized using the process described above will usually contain some of the organic templating agent in its pores. In order for the ELAPOs to be active catiilyst, the templating agent in the pores must be removed by heating the ELAPO powder in an oxygen containing atmosphere at a temperature of 200 to 700 °C until the template is removed, usually a few haurs. A preferred embodiment of the invention is one in which the metal (EL) corntent varies from 0.005 to 0.05 mole fraction. If EL is more than one metal, then the total concentration of all the metals is between 0.005 to 0.05 mole fraction. An especially preferred embodiment is one in which EL is silicon (usually referred to as SAPO). The SAPOs which can be used in the instant invention are any of those described in US-A-4,440,871;
US-A-5,126,308, and. US-A-5,191,141. Of the specific crystallographic structures described in the ' 871 patent, the SAPO-34, i.e., structure type 34, is preferred. The SAPO-34 structure is characterized in that it adsorbs xenon but does not adsorb isobutane, indicating that it has a pore opening of 4.2 f1.
Another SAPO, SAPO-17, as exemplified in Examples 25 and 26 of the '871 patent, is also preferred. The SAPO-17 structure is characterized in that it adsorbs oxygen, hexane, and water but does not adsorb isobutane, indicating that it has a pore opening of greater than 4.3 A and less than 5.0 A.
The molecular sieve catalyst for the oxygenate conversion zone preferably is incorporated into larger solid particles in which the catalyst is present in an amount effective to 2 0 promote the desired hydrocarbon conversion. In one aspect, the solid particles comprise a catiilytically effective amount of the catalyst and at least one matrix material, preferably selected from the group consisting of binder materials, filler materials, and mixtures thereof to provide a desired property or properties, e.g., desired catalyst dilution, mechanical strength, and the like to the solid particles. Such matrix materials are often, to some extent, porous in nature and may or 2 5 ma;~ not be effective to promote the desired hydrocarbon conversion. The matrix materials may promote conversion of the feedstream and often provide reduced selectivity to the desired product or ;products relative to the catalyst. Filler and binder materials include, for example, synthetic and naturally occurring substances such as metal oxides, clays, silicas, aluminas, silica-aluminas, silica-magnesias, silica-zirconias, silica-thorias, silica-berylias, silica-titanias, silica-alumina-3 0 thorias, silica-alumina-zirconias, aluminophosphates, mixtures of these and the like. If matrix ma~:erials, e.g., binder and/or filler materials, are included in the catalyst composition, the non-zeolitic and/or zeolitic molecular sieves preferably comprise 1 to 99 % , more preferably 5 to 90 ',7o and still mare preferably 10 to 80 % , by weight of the total composition. The preparation of larger solid particles comprising catalyst and matrix materials is conventional and well known in the art and, therefore, need not be discussed in detail herein.
During the oxygenate conversion reaction, a carbonaceous material, i.e., coke is deposited on the catalyst. The caxbonaceous deposit material has the effect of reducing the nunnber of active sites on the catalyst which thereby affects the extent of the conversion. During the conversion process a portion of the coked catalyst is withdrawn from the reaction zone and regenerated to remove at least a portion of the carbonaceous material.
Preferably, the carbonaceous material is removed from the catalyst by oxidative regeneration wherein the catalyst 1 o which is withdrawn from the reactor is contacted with an oxygen-containing gas at sufficient temperature and oxygen concentration to allow the desired amount of the carbonaceous materials to be removed from the catalyst.
Depending upon the particular catalyst and conversion, it can be desirable to substantially remove the carbonaceous material e.g., to less than 1 wt %, or only partially regenerate the catalyst, e.g., to from 2 to 30 wt % carbon. Preferably, the regenerated catalyst willl contain up to 20 % and more preferably from up to 10 % carbon.
Additionally, during regeneration there can be oxidation of sulfur and in some instances nitrogen compounds along with the removal of metal materials from the catalyst. Moreover, regeneration conditions can be 2 o varied depending upon catalyst used and the type of contaminant material present upon the caW lyst prior to its regeneration.
In. addition to the oxygenate conversion step, and carbon burn-off, or regeneration stet's, further treatment steps on the regenerated catalyst can be used such as, for example, the 2 5 subsequent sulfiding of the regenerated catalyst to slightly temper its activity. Such tempering substantially, if not totally, reduces the initial high activity present if the catalyst is not sulfided thereby preventing high rates of degradation in yields.
When the synthesis gas production zone employs a primary steam reformer to 3 0 convert the hydrocarbon feed to the carbon oxidelhydrogen mixture, a significant amount of treated water is required for the reaction. In the process of the present invention, a significant portion and preferably essentially all of the water required by the synthesis gas production zone may be supplied by the water produced in the oxygenate conversion zone, or MTO
zone. The syngas production zone water requirement is slightly less than the amount of water produced from an MTO zone, based on the conversion of methanol to light olefins. Thus, the direct transfer of that by-product water produced in the MTO zone to the syngas production zone, without further treatment to remove hydrocarbons or oxygenates, results in significant capital and operating cost savings. When the synthesis gas production zone above employs both primary reforming and secondary reforming, wherein oxygen is employed, the overall water requirement for the reforming zone is reduced. In this operation, all of the make up water for the primary reforming stage may be supplied by the water produced in the MTO zone. In addition, excess water from the MTO zone may be passed to an etherification zone for the production of 1 o diisopropyl ether (DIPE) by etherification of propylene with a portion of the excess water from the MTO zone. Since the DIPE process does not require a high purity propylene feed, the de-eth~~nizer in the MTO fractionation zone may be eliminated.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The process of the present invention is hereinafter described with reference to the figures which illustrate various aspects of the process. These process flow diagrams have been simplified by the elimination of many necessary pieces of process equipment including some heat 2 o exchangers, process control systems, pumps, fractionation systems, etc.
With reference to Fig. 1 which shows the prior art process flow, a hydrocarbon gas feedstream containing methane and/or ethanel0 and a water stream 8 are passed to a syngas production zone 12 to produce a synthesis gas stream 14. The syngas production zone 12, or 2 5 synthesis gas plant, conventionally operates at a reaction temperature ranging from 800 - 950 °C, a pressure ranging from 10-30 bar (1 to 3 mPa), and a water to carbon molar ratio ranging from 2.0 to 3.5. In the syngas production zone 12, impurities such as sulfur compounds, nitrogen connpounds, particulate matter, and condensibles are removed in the conventional manner to provide the synl:hesis gas stream 14 reduced in contaminants and containing a molar ratio of 3 o hydrogen to carbon oxide (carbon monoxide plus carbon dioxide) ranging from 2 to 3, and more typically the molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon oxide varies from 2.0 to 2.3.
Optionally (not shown), this ratio may be varied according to the carbon monoxide shift reaction:
CO + H20 ~ C02 + Hz IS
over a copper/zinc or chromium oxide catalyst in the conventional manner. The synthesis gas stream is removed from the synthesis gas plant via line 14. The synthesis gas stream 14 is passed to a carbon oxide conversion zone 16. In the carbon oxide conversion zone 16, the synthesis gas will undergo conversion to form reduction products of carbon oxides, such as alcohols, at conditions including a reactor temperature ranging from 150 to 450 °C (300 to 850 °F) at a pressure ranging from 1 to 1000 atmospheres (0.1 to 101.3 mPa) over a variety of catalysts. Catalysts based on Zn0 for the production of methanol and dimethyl ether are preferred. A crude oxygenate stream comprising methanol, dimethyl ether, fusel oils, and water is withdrawn from the carbon oxide conversion zone 16 in line 18. The fusel oil includes heavier alcohols. The crude oxygenate stream is passed to a topping column 20 which operates at 60 kPa (0.6 atm) to remove a first light ends stream 22 comprising dissolved gases -such as hydrogen, methane, carbon oxides, and nitrogen, and light ends - such as ethers, ketones, and aldehydes.
The topping column bottoms 24 are removed from the topping column 20 and passed to a refining column 26. In the refining column 26, a second light ends stream 28 is withdrawn from the top of the refining column 26 and combined with the first light ends stream 22 to form a combined purge stream 30. The combined purge stream is typically used for fuel. The refining column 26 operating at atmospheric pressure (101.3 kPa) further separates methanol from the water and fusel oils to provide a high purity methanol stream 32, a fusel oil stream 38 and a 2 0 second water stream 40. At least a portion of the high purity methanol stream 32 is passed via lines 32 to an oxygenate conversion zone 34 to produce an effluent stream 36 comprising light olefins having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms per molecule and water. The oxygenate conversion zone is maintained at a reaction temperature ranging from 350 to 525 °C and a pressure of about 1 to about 5 atmospheres. The oxygenate conversion reaction zone contains a molecular sieve 2 5 catalyst, and preferably contains a metal aluminophosphate catalyst such as a SAPO catalyst for the conversion of at least a portion of the oxygenate product stream into CZ-C4 olefins. The oxygenate product stream in line 32 is introduced to the oxygenate conversion reaction zone 34 containing a fluidized bed of the molecular sieve catalyst in the presence of a di(uent such as steam or other inert material. The effluent stream 36 is separated by conventional methods into 3 0 olefin products including ethylene, propylene, and butylene (not shown).
With reference to Fig. 2 illustrating the process of the present invention, a hydrocarbon gas feedstream 50 is passed to a syngas production zone 54 with a water stream 52 and a water recycle stream 71 to produce a synthesis gas stream 56. The syngas production zone 54 operates in the ma~mer described hereinabove with respect to the syngas production zone 12 of Fig. 1. The synthesis gas stream 56 is passed to a carbon oxide conversion zone 58 as described hereinabove witlh respect to the carbon oxide conversion zone 16 of Fig. 1 to provide a crude oxygenate or crude methanol stream 60. At least a portion of the crude methanol stream 60 is passed via line 64 to an oxygenate conversion zone 66. The oxygenate conversion zone 66 operates in the ma~mer described hereinabove with respect to the oxygenate conversion zone 34 of Fig. 1 and an effluent stream 68 comprising water and light olefins having 2 to 4 carbon atoms per molecule is witlhdrawn from the oxygenate conversion zone 66 and passed to a separation zone 70 where the light olefins are separated by conventional means into the by-product water stream 75, an ethylene product 72, a propylene product 74 and a butylene product 76. At least a portion of the by-product water stream is returned to the syngas production zone 54 to provide a portion of the water recycle stream 71 and a portion is withdrawn as a drag stream in line 71' to a prevent the build-up of impurities in the process. The drag stream 71', at a much reduced flow rate, is passed to conventional water treatment (not shown). Thus, by passing at least a portion of the crude methanol stream 60 to the olefin product zone 66 and recycling at least a portion of the by-product water, a significant capital cost and operating cost savings can be achieved substantially reducing or eliminating the fractionation of the crude methanol to remove the light ends, fusel oils and water. .A remaining portion of the crude methanol stream 60 may be passed via lines 60 2 o and 62 to a conventional crude methanol fractionation zone 78 comprising a topping column and a refining column as described with respect to Fig. 1 to provide a purge stream 80 for fuel, a higlh purity methanol stream 82, a fusel oil stream 84, and a water stream 86.
Any light ends such as ethers, ketones, and aldehydes present in the oxygenate conversion zone will react to produce additional amounts of olefins such as ethylene. The presence of light gases such as COZ
2 5 and methane provide additional diluent required by the oxygenate conversion zone to improve the selectivity of the oxygenate conversion catalyst to produce the light olefin products. The fusel oils, comprising heavier alcohols, in the crude methanol react in the olefin production zone 66 to form additional ethylene, propylene and butylene, further enhancing the yields of desired products. The water in the crude methanol stream serves as the diluent for the olefin production 3 o reaction and elirr~inates the need to separately treat and add makeup water to the olefin production zone.
In the operation of the carbon oxide conversion zone 58, as the reaction proceeds, the yield and selectivity to methanol will decline as the catalyst ages with the associated increase in the production of ethers and fusel oils.
With reference to Fig. 3, a hydrocarbon gas feedstream containing methane and eth~rne 110 is combined with a water stream 113 and the combination is passed via line 112 to a syngas production zone 200 to produce a synthesis gas stream 114. The syngas production zone 200, or synthesis gas plant, conventionally operates at a reaction temperature ranging from 800 - 950 °C, a pressure ranging from 10-30 bar (1 to 3 mPa), and a water to carbon molar ratio 1 o ranging from 2.0 to 3.5 . In the syngas production zone 200, impurities such as sulfur compounds, nitrogen compounds, particulate matter, and condensibles are removed in the conventional manner to provide the synthesis gas stream 114 reduced in contaminants and containing a molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon oxide (carbon monoxide plus carbon dioxide) ranging from 2 to 3, and more typically from 2.0 to 2.3. Optionally (not shown), this ratio ma:~ be varied according to the carbon monoxide shift reaction:
CO + H20 ' COz + HZ
over a copper/zinc oxide or chromium catalyst in the conventional manner. The synthesis gas stream is removed from the synthesis gas plant via lines 114 and 114' . The synthesis gas stream 2 o 114.' is passed to a carbon oxide conversion zone 202. Zone 200 preferably contains catalysts based on Zn0 for the production of methanol and dimethyl ether. An oxygenate product stream comprising methanol and/or dimethyl ether is withdrawn from the carbon oxide conversion zone 202; in line 116. At least a portion of the oxygenate product stream 116 is passed via lines 116 and 118 to an olefin production zone 204 to produce an effluent stream 122 comprising light 2 5 olejfms having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms per molecule and water. The oxygen conversion reaction zone is maintained at a reaction temperature ranging from 350 to 525 °C and a pressure of 1 to 5 atmospheres (0.1 to 0.5 mPa). The oxygenate conversion reaction zone contains a me~:al aluminophosphate catalyst such as a SAPO catalyst for the conversion of at least a portion of the oxygenate product stream into CZ C4 olefins. The oxygenate product stream in line 118 is 3 o introduced to thf: reaction zone containing a fluidized bed of the molecular sieve catalyst in the presence of a diluent such as steam or other inert material. The effluent stream 122 is passed to a water separation. zone 205 to separate the hydrocarbon phase from the water phase thereby producing a light hydrocarbon stream 128 comprising olefins and a second water stream 124. At least a portion of the second water stream in line 124 is passed to line 127 where it is admixed with a make-up water stream in line 125 to form the water stream in line 113.
Thus, at least a portion of the second water stream 124 and the make-up water stream 125 provide a water admixture and v~rhich is passed to the syngas production zone 200 to provide the water stream 11?.. The light hydrocarbon stream 128 is passed to a de-methanizer zone 206 to provide a me~:hane stream 132 which may be employed for fuel, and a CZ+ stream 130. The CZ+ stream 13C1 is passed to an ethylene fractionation zone 208 to produce an ethylene product stream in line 134 and a net bottom stream or C3+ stream in line 144. The C3+ stream 144 is passed to a C3/C4 fracaionation zone 212 wherein the hydrocarbons are separated into a crude propylene stream 1 o comprising propylene, propane, and ethane in line 138 and a C4+ stream comprising butenes in line: 148. A portion of the crude propylene stream may be withdrawn as a crude propylene product in line 138'. Preferably, the crude propylene stream comprises at least about 90 vol-%
propylene, more preferably the crude propylene stream comprises more than 95 vol-%
propylene, and most preferably the crude propylene stream comprises from 92 to 96 vol-%
propylene. A portion of the crude propylene stream 138 is passed to a first etherification zone 210 to produce diisopropyl ether, DIPE. In the first etherification zone 210, a portion of the second water stream 126 is reacted with the crude propylene stream 138 over a resin catalyst to provide a first ether product 142 comprising diisopropyl ether and a first light end stream 140 comprising ethane and propane. The first ether product is withdrawn in line 142 to be used for 2 o gasoline blending and the first light ends stream comprising essentially saturates is withdrawn in line: 140. The first light ends stream 140 may be used to provide fuel to the complex or sold as liquified petroleum gas. When it is desired to recover a portion of the propylene in the crude propylene stream 138 at high purity, a portion of the crude propylene stream 138' is passed to a propylene fractionation zone (not shown) to produce a high purity propylene stream and a net 2 5 overhead stream comprising propylene and propane. The net overhead stream is returned to the first etherification zone 210 for the conversion of the remaining propylene to the first. ether product, DIPE.
The C4+ stream 148, is withdrawn from the C3/C4 fractionation zone 212 and 3 o passed to a butylene fractionation zone 214. In the butylene fractionation zone 214, the butylenes are separated from the CS and heavier hydrocarbons 150. A primary butylene stream 152 and a CS and heavier stream 150 are withdrawn from the butylene fractionation zone 214. Depending upon the selectivity of the catalyst in the olefin production zone 2014, the primary butylene stream 152; will contain at least some isobutylene as well as other isomers of butene, including butene-1, 2-cis-butene, and 2-trans-butene. The primary butylene stream 152 is passed to a butene separation zone 222 via lines 152 and 155 to provide a butene-1 stream 174 and a secondary but~ene stream 1T2. The butene-1 stream 174 is withdrawn as a butene-1 product stream 174 and, although not shown in the drawing, may be used as a copolymer with ethylene to produce linear low density polyethylene. Preferably, the butene-1 product stream comprises greater than 97 mol-% butene-1, and most preferably the butene-1 product comprises 99.5 mole percent but~ene-1. When the butene-1 stream 174 comprises greater than 40 mol-%
isobutene, the butene-1 sl:ream may be polymerized to produce a poly isobutylene stream (not shown).
In one alternative, the secondary butene stream 172 comprising n-butenes is passed to a dimerization zone 216 to form a dimerized stream 162 and a portion of the dimerized stream 162 is hydrogenated by passing the dimerized stream in lines 162 and 164 to a hydlrogenation zone 218 to produce a Cg alkylate 176 having a high octane for use in blending motor gasoline. When it is desired to produce Cg dimer to make nonyl alcohols 180, a portion of t:he C8 dimer may be withdrawn from the dimerization zone 216 and passed via lines 162, and 16?. to an hydration zone 226 wherein the dimer is reacted at conventional hydroformylation conditions in the presence of synthesis gas 165 withdrawn as a portion of the synthesis gas stream 114 to produce ;~ nonyl alcohol stream 180. The hydroformylation reaction takes place over a 2 o hydtroformylation catalyst comprising carbonyls of Group VIII transition metals such as Co~(CO)8 and RhH(CO)(PPh3)3 at temperatures ranging from 50 to 250 °C, hydrogen to carbon monoxide molar ratios ranging from 1:1 to 100:1, and total pressures ranging from 1 to 300 atmospheres (0. a to 30.39 m:Pa). Operating conditions and catalyst compositions for the hydroformylation reaction is disclosed in US-A-5,087,763 and US-A-4,219,684 and an article titled "H:,~droformylation of Olefins Using Rodium Complex", by Yasushi Matsui et al., Bulletin of the Japan Petroleum Institute, Vol. 19, No. 1, May 1977, pages 62-67. Nonyl alcohols are useful as plasticizers in thc: manufacture of polyethylene and polypropylene polymers.
In another alternative flow scheme, the primary butylene stream 152 is passed to 3 o an :isomerization zone 220 via lines 154 and 154' to produce an isomerate stream 156 comprising isobutene and a third light ends stream 158. The isomerate stream 156 is passed via lines 156 and 156' to a second etherification zone 224 wherein a portion of the oxygenate product stream 11E~ from the carbon oxide conversion 202 is passed via lines 116 and 120 to the second ethc:rification zone 224 where it is reacted with the isomerate stream 156' to produce a second ether stream 170 having a high octane number, and an unreacted C4 stream 160.
At least a portion of the unreacted C4 stream in line 160 may be returned to the isomerization zone 220 via line: 160 where for further conversion. A portion of the unreacted C4 stream 160 is withdrawn in line: 160' as a purge stream to be used for fuel or blended into gasoline.

Although not shown in drawing, a portion of butene-1 produced from the fractionation zone 222 in line 174 may be polymerized with a portion of the ethylene product stream in line 134 in a polyethylene zone to produce a linear low density polyethylene product.
EXAMPLE I (Comparative) According to the conventional carbon oxide conversion separation scheme as shown in the Fi~;. 1 for the production of light olefins from natural gas, about 173 MKg/hr of a nati.~ral gas stream and about 242 MKg/hr of a water stream are converted into methanol in the conventional manner with a single stage of primary reforming to produce a synthesis gas followed by the conversion of the synthesis gas to methanol and the separation of the crude me~:hanol into high purity methanol. Table 1 summarizes the overall material balance in Kg/hr for these two conversion units. Referring to Table l, a portion of the unconverted natural gas 2 o comprising hydrogen is withdrawn as a purge stream (3) to provide fuel gas for the reformer.
Approximately 2;89 MKg/hr of pure methanol (8) is produced. In the conventional process for producing pure methanol, the crude methanol(4) is fractionated a first time to remove a light purge stream(5) comprising carbon dioxide and dimethyl ether, fractionated a second time to remove heavy alcohols such as isopropanol as a heavy purge (6), and fractionated a third time to 2 5 remove waste water stream(7). The high purity methanol product(8) is passed an olefin production zone, or MTO conversion zone. In the oxygenate conversion zone, the high purity mel:hanol is converted into light olefins and water. Table 2 shows the material balance for the conversion of high purity methanol to light olefins. The reactor effluent is treated with a caustic wa<.~h to remove entrained catalyst (not shown) and the caustic washed effluent is cooled and 3 0 flashed to remove water. From the 288 MKg/hr of pure methanol feed to the reactor, 235 Mh;g/hr of excess water are produced, along with 62.4 MKg/hr of ethylene, 38.8 MKg/hr of propylene and about 15.2 MKg/hr of butylenes.

EXAMPLE II
According to the process of the present invention as illustrated in Fig. 2, the nati.lral gas stream 50 and water 52 are charged to the syngas plant 54 in the same amounts as in Example I. The synthesis gas 56 produced in the syngas plant is passed to a methanol plant 58 to convert the synthesis gas to crude methanol 60. The amount of crude methanol 60 produced is shown in Table :3. A smaller purge stream (AA) relative to Example I, is removed as reformer feed. The additional amounts of H2 C, and C02 present in the feed to the oxygenate conversion do not harm the oxygenate conversion reaction, and in fact act as diluents.
DME remaining in l0 the crude methanol is converted to light olefins. The crude methanol(AB), comprising light ends, water, and fusel. oil is charged to the oxygenate conversion zone 66 to produce the reactor effluent shown in Table 3. Comparing the reactor effluent(3) shown in Table 2 as produced in Example I from high purity methanol, to the reactor effluent(AC) shown in Table 3 as produced from crude methanol, it can be seen that the ethylene yield has increased by about 0.7 wt-%.
The overall production of light olefins is shown in columns AH-AL in Table 3.
In addition, no make-up water was required in the oxygenate conversion zone, significantly reducing the operating costs of the methanol plant by eliminating the separation of the water and by elinninating the make-up water treatment facilities in the oxygenate conversion zone.
EXAMPLE III
The value of the additional production of light olefins from crude methanol as des~~ribed in Example II relative to the amount of light olefins produced in Example I, is shown 2 5 in 'liable 4. Although the total amount of the ethylene produced from crude methanol is about 0.7 wt-% , the value of the additional ethylene production at current market prices is about 2 million dollars per year. The additional amount of propylene, olefins and butylenes that is produced from crude methanol amounts to a total value of about three million dollars per year, in addition to the savings from the elimination of the methanol purification steps.

NATURAL GAS TO METHANOL
CONVENTIONAL STEAM REFORMING PROCESS
KILOGRAMS PER HOUR

NAT MAKE UP PURGE CRUDE LIGHT HEAVY WASTE HP
COMP. FEED WATER TO FG MeOH PURGE PURGE WATER MEOH

C2.H82086fi C3+ 13254 DrrIE 136 136 136 Hv. 136 136 Alc H2;0 00 242278 226 72701 00 0 72475 226 METHANOL TO OLEFINS (MTO) MATERIAL BALANCE

HIGH HOUR
PURITY
METHANOL, KILOGRAMS
PER

A B C D E F G

COMP. TO Rx WATER Rx. EFF H2-Cl COKE WATER WASH

C2 = 63041 309 C 2,H6 631 1 C3 = 39085 C4+ 15130 H20 :?26 72500 234358 234359 DME

Hv Alc COKE ()00 3782 3782 T~TAL 2~'S630 72500 361130 3560 3782 234896 622 H I J K L

COMP.. C2= PROD C3= PROD C2 SAT C3 SAT C4+ PROD

C2= 62384 10 324 C3 = 38700 153 154 78 C4 + 63 15067 CRUDE (MTO) METHANOL
TO OLEFINS

MATERIAL BALANCE

CRUDE
METHANOL, KILOGRAMS
PER HOUR

AA AB AC AD AE AF AG

PURGE CRUDE CAUSTIC

COMP. TO FG MeOH Rx. EFF H2-C, COKE WATER WASH

H2-C, 21 ~~40 413 3678 3670 CZ= 63471 311 C3= 39293 C,,+ 15213 DME '76 196 Hv Alc 136 AH AI AJ AK AL

COMP. C2= PROD C3= PROD C2 SAT C3 SAT C4+ PROD

C2= 62826 10 324 C3= 38908 153 154 78 C4+ 63 15150 CRUDE METHANOL TO OLEFINS (MTO) ADDITIONAL PRODUCT VALUE

5 CRUDE METHANOL, ANNUAL BASIS

PRODUCT;: PRODUCTION, ADDED VALUE, PRODUCTION, PRODUCT

Kg/HR MTA PRICE, $/MT MM$/Annum Ethylene 442 3536 600 2.12 Propylene 208 1664 500 0.83 Butylene 83 664 150 0.10 TOTAIL 733 5864 3.05 EXAMPLE IV
to According to the Fig. 3 stream 138' is a crude propylene stream which corresponds to the combination of the C3 = product, the CZ saturates, and the C3 saturates as (as shown in columns H, I, and J in Table 2). This represents the yield and composition of the crude propylene product. The crude propylene product comprises 95 vol-% propylene and may be used without additional processing as chemical grade propylene.
EXAMPLE V
As shown in Example I, the C4+ product stream (column L of Table 2) has the following composition:
C4+ Product, Kg/hr iC4Hg 380 1-nC4Hg 3120 2-nC4Hg 8440 C4-Saturates120 CS Plus 3007 According to the Fig. 3, this is the composition of stream 155 which is passed to the butene separation zone 222 to provide a butene-1 stream 174 having a purity of about 90 wt-%.
EXAMPLE VI
Further to Example I, the propylene stream in Table 2 (column I) will produce 46.8 MKg/hr of diisopropylether (DIPE) when passed to the first etherification zone 210 as shown in the Fig. 3.

Claims (13)

1. A process for the production of light olefins from a hydrocarbon gas feedstream, comprising methane and/or ethane, said process comprising the steps of:

a) passing said feedstream in combination with a water stream to a syngas production zone to produce a synthesis gas stream and passing said synthesis gas stream to a carbon oxide conversion zone to produce a crude oxygenate stream comprising methanol, dimethyl ether and fusel oil;

b) passing at least a portion of the crude oxygenate stream in the presence of a diluent to an olefin production zone containing a small pore non-zeolitic catalyst to produce a light olefin stream consisting primarily of light olefins having 2 to 4 carbon atoms per molecule and water; and c) passing said light olefin stream to a separation zone to provide a combined light olefin product stream and a water by-product stream and returning at least a portion of the water by-product stream to provide at least a portion of the water stream for step (a) and of the diluent used in step (b);

2. The process of Claim 1 wherein said small pore non-zeolitic catalyst comprises a metal aluminophosphate molecular sieve having an empirical chemical composition on an anhydrous basis expressed by the following formula:

(EL x AI y P2)O2 wherein EL is a metal selected from the group consisting of silicon, magnesium, zinc, iron, cobalt, nickel, manganese, chromium, and mixtures thereof, x is the mole fraction of EL and is at least 0.005, y is the mole fraction of Al and is at least 0.01, z is the mole fraction of P and is at least 0.01 and x + y + z = 1.

3. The process of Claim 2 wherein said metal aluminophosphate molecular sieve comprises a SAPO structure.

4. The process of Claim 3 wherein said SAPO structure comprises a SAPO-34 structure.

5. The process of Claim 3 wherein said SAPO structure comprises a SAPO-17 structure.

6. The process of Claim 1 wherein said carbon oxide conversion zone comprises a methanol plant.

7. The process of Claim 6 wherein said crude oxygenate stream comprises water.

8. The process of Claim 7 wherein said water provides at least a portion of said diluent used in step (b).

9. A process for the production of light olefins from a hydrocarbon gas feedstream, comprising methane and ethane, said process comprising the steps of:

a) passing said feedstream in combination with a first water stream to a syngas production zone to produce a synthesis gas stream and passing said synthesis gas stream to an oxygenate formation zone to produce an oxygenate product stream comprising at least one of methanol or dimethyl ether;

b) passing at least a portion of the oxygenate product stream in the presence of a diluent to an olefin production zone containing a small pore non-zeolitic catalyst to produce a light olefin stream comprising olefins having 2 to 4 carbon atoms per molecule and a second water stream; and c) admixing at least a portion of said second water stream with a make-up water stream to provide a water admixture and passing at least a portion of the water admixture to said syngas production zone to provide said water stream and at least a portion of the diluent used in step (b).

10. The process of Claim 9 further comprising the steps of:

d) passing said light olefin stream from step (b) to a first fractionation zone to provide a methane stream, an ethylene product stream, and a C3+
stream;

e) passing said C3+ stream to a C3+/C4 fractionation zone to provide a crude propylene stream, and a C4+ stream;

f) passing a portion of said crude propylene stream and a portion of said second water stream to a first etherification zone to form a first ether product comprising diisopropyl ether and a first light ends stream.

11. The process of Claim 10 wherein said crude propylene stream comprises from 90 to 96 vol % propylene.

12. The process of Claim 10 further comprising the steps of:

g) passing the C4+ stream to a butylene fractionation zone to provide a n-butene stream which is substantially free of isobutene and a C5+ stream; and h) passing said n-butene stream to a super fractionation zone to provide an essentially pure butene-1 stream and a mixed butene stream and withdrawing the butene-1 stream.

13. The process of Claim 10 further comprising the steps of:

g) passing said C4+ stream to a C4 fractionation zone to provide a mixed C4 stream and a C5+ stream;

h) passing at least a portion of said mixed C4 stream comprising normal butenes to a butene isomerization zone to isomerize said normal butenes and provide an isomerization stream comprising isobutenes; and i) admixing at least a portion of said isomerate stream with a portion of said oxygenate product stream from step (a) to provide a second etherification feedstream and passing said second etherification feedstream to a second etherification zone to produce a second ether product comprising methyl tert-butyl ether.