CA2227381C - Image data encoding system and image inputting apparatus - Google Patents
Image data encoding system and image inputting apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CA2227381C CA2227381C CA002227381A CA2227381A CA2227381C CA 2227381 C CA2227381 C CA 2227381C CA 002227381 A CA002227381 A CA 002227381A CA 2227381 A CA2227381 A CA 2227381A CA 2227381 C CA2227381 C CA 2227381C
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T1/00—General purpose image data processing
- G06T1/0021—Image watermarking
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T1/00—General purpose image data processing
- G06T1/0021—Image watermarking
- G06T1/0028—Adaptive watermarking, e.g. Human Visual System [HVS]-based watermarking
- G06T1/0035—Output size adaptive watermarking
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- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
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- G06T1/20—Processor architectures; Processor configuration, e.g. pipelining
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- H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
- H04N1/32—Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device
- H04N1/32101—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title
- H04N1/32144—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title embedded in the image data, i.e. enclosed or integrated in the image, e.g. watermark, super-imposed logo or stamp
- H04N1/32149—Methods relating to embedding, encoding, decoding, detection or retrieval operations
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- H04N1/32—Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device
- H04N1/32101—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title
- H04N1/32144—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title embedded in the image data, i.e. enclosed or integrated in the image, e.g. watermark, super-imposed logo or stamp
- H04N1/32149—Methods relating to embedding, encoding, decoding, detection or retrieval operations
- H04N1/32154—Transform domain methods
- H04N1/32165—Transform domain methods using cosine transforms
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04N1/32—Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device
- H04N1/32101—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title
- H04N1/32144—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title embedded in the image data, i.e. enclosed or integrated in the image, e.g. watermark, super-imposed logo or stamp
- H04N1/32149—Methods relating to embedding, encoding, decoding, detection or retrieval operations
- H04N1/32154—Transform domain methods
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- H04N1/32—Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device
- H04N1/32101—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title
- H04N1/32144—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title embedded in the image data, i.e. enclosed or integrated in the image, e.g. watermark, super-imposed logo or stamp
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- H04N1/32144—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title embedded in the image data, i.e. enclosed or integrated in the image, e.g. watermark, super-imposed logo or stamp
- H04N1/32149—Methods relating to embedding, encoding, decoding, detection or retrieval operations
- H04N1/32267—Methods relating to embedding, encoding, decoding, detection or retrieval operations combined with processing of the image
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- H04N19/46—Embedding additional information in the video signal during the compression process
- H04N19/467—Embedding additional information in the video signal during the compression process characterised by the embedded information being invisible, e.g. watermarking
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- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
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- H04N21/238—Interfacing the downstream path of the transmission network, e.g. adapting the transmission rate of a video stream to network bandwidth; Processing of multiplex streams
- H04N21/2389—Multiplex stream processing, e.g. multiplex stream encrypting
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- H04N21/80—Generation or processing of content or additional data by content creator independently of the distribution process; Content per se
- H04N21/83—Generation or processing of protective or descriptive data associated with content; Content structuring
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- H04N21/8358—Generation of protective data, e.g. certificates involving watermark
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
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- G06T2201/0052—Embedding of the watermark in the frequency domain
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- G06T2201/00—General purpose image data processing
- G06T2201/005—Image watermarking
- G06T2201/0053—Embedding of the watermark in the coding stream, possibly without decoding; Embedding of the watermark in the compressed domain
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- H04N2201/32—Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device
- H04N2201/3201—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title
- H04N2201/3225—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title of data relating to an image, a page or a document
- H04N2201/3233—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title of data relating to an image, a page or a document of authentication information, e.g. digital signature, watermark
- H04N2201/324—Selecting a particular authentication information from amongst a plurality of different authentication information
Abstract
An image data encoding system is disclosed, that comprises a discrete cosine transforming means for discrete-cosine transforming the original image, an electronic watermark data embedding means for embedding the electronic watermark data in the data that has been transformed by the discrete cosine transforming means, and a data selecting means for selecting the output signal of the discrete cosine transforming means or the output signal of the electronic watermark data embedding means.
Another image data encoding system is also disclosed, that comprises an electronic watermark embedding means for embedding electronic watermark data selected from a plurality of types of electronic watermark data to the digital image data, wherein at least one of the plurality of types of electronic watermark data is predetermined electronic watermark data that does not affect the digital image data even if the electronic watermark data is embedded in the digital image data.
Another image data encoding system is also disclosed, that comprises an electronic watermark embedding means for embedding electronic watermark data selected from a plurality of types of electronic watermark data to the digital image data, wherein at least one of the plurality of types of electronic watermark data is predetermined electronic watermark data that does not affect the digital image data even if the electronic watermark data is embedded in the digital image data.
Description
Image Data Encoding System and Image Inputting Apparatus The present invention relates to a digital image processing system and, in particular, to an image data encoding system for embedding identification data with special information (hereinafter, referred to as electronic watermark data) to a digital image. In addition, the present invention relates to an image inputting apparatus for use in, for example, 1o a personal computer and, in particular, to an image inputting apparatus equipped with an illegal copy prohibiting function.
In recent years, the act of illegally copying digital images causes a social problem.
To prevent digital images from being illegally copied, an encryption system has been proposed. In this system, digital image data is encrypted. Only a reproducing system with a valid decryption key can reproduce the encrypted digital image data.
However, in such a system, once encrypted data is decrypted, 2o there is no way to prevent the data from being further copied.
The purpose of a conventional illegal copy prohibiting method for an image inputting apparatus was to prevent the copying of image data.
Fig. 9 is a,block diagram showing an example of an image inputting apparatus equipped with a conventional illegal copy prohibiting function. An input image is supplied to image pickup means 901, analog-to-digital converting means 902, converting means 903, quantizing means 904, and variable-length encoding means 905. After the input image is converted into compressed image data such as an MPEG data stream, the resultant data is supplied to scrambling means 906. Scrambling means 906 scrambles the input data and outputs compressed and scrambled image data. The compressed and scrambled image data can be reproduced only by an apparatus with a de-scrambling function.
1o As explained above, in the conventional system, images are scrambled to be prevented from being illegally copied.
In the conventional system, once scrambled images were descrambled, it was impossible to prevent them from being illegally copied.
In addition to such a conventional system, in order to prevent bills and securities from being illegally copied, a method for embedding identification information in pixel components of an image has been proposed in, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication Nos. 4-351164, 6-22062, 2o and 6-22119.
In the method for embedding identification information to pixel components of an image, there was the disadvantage that the identification information could be easily forged and removed.
Therefore, a method for embedding electronic watermark data in a digital image has been proposed to prevent digital images from being illegally used and copied.
There are two types of electronic watermark data for digital images, i.e. visible electronic watermark data and invisible electronic watermark data.
The visible electronic watermark data is composed of special characters or symbols so that it can be recognized by visual sensation. Although the visible electronic watermark data causes deterioration of the image quality, the user of the 1o digital image can distinguish it from a forged one, whereby illegal circulation of bills or securities can be prevented.
An example of a method for embedding visible electronic watermark data in an electronic image is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 8-241403. In this method, when visible electronic watermark data is combined with an original image, only the brightness of pixels corresponding to an opaque portion of the electronic watermark data is varied, not color components . In this method, scaling values which vary the brightness components of the pixels are determined 2o corresponding to color components, random numbers, pixel values of electronic watermark data, or the like.
On the other hand, the invisible electronic watermark data is embedded in an image in such a manner that the electronic watermark data does not affect the image quality. Thus, since the invisible electronic watermark faintly deteriorates the image quality, the deterioration is not perceivable by visual sensation.Whenspecial information that identifies a copyright holder of a original image is embedded in the form of the electronic watermark data, even after the image has been illegally copied, the copyright holder of the image can be identified by detecting the electronic watermark data. In addition, in the case that information inhibiting duplication is embedded in a image in the form of electric watermark data, when a relevant reproducing unit such as VTR detects the 1o information, the unit. can inform the user that the duplication of the image is inhibited or the unit can prevent duplication of the image by activating duplication inhibiting mechanism.
As one methodfor embeddinginvisible electronic watermark data in a digital image, special information representing invisible electronic watermark is embedded in a portion where the information faintly affects the picture quality such as the least significant bits (LSBs) of pixel data. However, in this method, it is easy to erase the electronic watermark data from the image. For example, with a low-pass filter, the information of LSBs of the pixel data can be removed. Additionally, in the image compressing process, redundant data that faintly affects the image quality is removed so as to reduce the data amount and the electric watermark data is embedded in the place where redundant data exists. Thus, when the image compressing process is performed, the electronic watermark data is lost.
In recent years, the act of illegally copying digital images causes a social problem.
To prevent digital images from being illegally copied, an encryption system has been proposed. In this system, digital image data is encrypted. Only a reproducing system with a valid decryption key can reproduce the encrypted digital image data.
However, in such a system, once encrypted data is decrypted, 2o there is no way to prevent the data from being further copied.
The purpose of a conventional illegal copy prohibiting method for an image inputting apparatus was to prevent the copying of image data.
Fig. 9 is a,block diagram showing an example of an image inputting apparatus equipped with a conventional illegal copy prohibiting function. An input image is supplied to image pickup means 901, analog-to-digital converting means 902, converting means 903, quantizing means 904, and variable-length encoding means 905. After the input image is converted into compressed image data such as an MPEG data stream, the resultant data is supplied to scrambling means 906. Scrambling means 906 scrambles the input data and outputs compressed and scrambled image data. The compressed and scrambled image data can be reproduced only by an apparatus with a de-scrambling function.
1o As explained above, in the conventional system, images are scrambled to be prevented from being illegally copied.
In the conventional system, once scrambled images were descrambled, it was impossible to prevent them from being illegally copied.
In addition to such a conventional system, in order to prevent bills and securities from being illegally copied, a method for embedding identification information in pixel components of an image has been proposed in, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication Nos. 4-351164, 6-22062, 2o and 6-22119.
In the method for embedding identification information to pixel components of an image, there was the disadvantage that the identification information could be easily forged and removed.
Therefore, a method for embedding electronic watermark data in a digital image has been proposed to prevent digital images from being illegally used and copied.
There are two types of electronic watermark data for digital images, i.e. visible electronic watermark data and invisible electronic watermark data.
The visible electronic watermark data is composed of special characters or symbols so that it can be recognized by visual sensation. Although the visible electronic watermark data causes deterioration of the image quality, the user of the 1o digital image can distinguish it from a forged one, whereby illegal circulation of bills or securities can be prevented.
An example of a method for embedding visible electronic watermark data in an electronic image is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 8-241403. In this method, when visible electronic watermark data is combined with an original image, only the brightness of pixels corresponding to an opaque portion of the electronic watermark data is varied, not color components . In this method, scaling values which vary the brightness components of the pixels are determined 2o corresponding to color components, random numbers, pixel values of electronic watermark data, or the like.
On the other hand, the invisible electronic watermark data is embedded in an image in such a manner that the electronic watermark data does not affect the image quality. Thus, since the invisible electronic watermark faintly deteriorates the image quality, the deterioration is not perceivable by visual sensation.Whenspecial information that identifies a copyright holder of a original image is embedded in the form of the electronic watermark data, even after the image has been illegally copied, the copyright holder of the image can be identified by detecting the electronic watermark data. In addition, in the case that information inhibiting duplication is embedded in a image in the form of electric watermark data, when a relevant reproducing unit such as VTR detects the 1o information, the unit. can inform the user that the duplication of the image is inhibited or the unit can prevent duplication of the image by activating duplication inhibiting mechanism.
As one methodfor embeddinginvisible electronic watermark data in a digital image, special information representing invisible electronic watermark is embedded in a portion where the information faintly affects the picture quality such as the least significant bits (LSBs) of pixel data. However, in this method, it is easy to erase the electronic watermark data from the image. For example, with a low-pass filter, the information of LSBs of the pixel data can be removed. Additionally, in the image compressing process, redundant data that faintly affects the image quality is removed so as to reduce the data amount and the electric watermark data is embedded in the place where redundant data exists. Thus, when the image compressing process is performed, the electronic watermark data is lost.
Consequently, it is difficult to detect the electronic watermark data of an image that has been compressed.
To solve this problem, a method for transforming an image into frequency components and embedding electronic watermark s data in the frequency spectrum has been proposed (Nikkei Electronics, p. 13, No. 660, April 22, 1996) . In this method, since electronic watermark data is embedded in frequency components, even if an image process such as a compressing process or a filtering process is performed for an image, the 1o electronic watermark data is not lost. In addition, when random numbers that follow a normal distribution are used as electronic watermark data, different pieces of electronic watermark data do not interfere with each other. Thus, it is difficult to destroy the electronic watermark data without largely is deteriorating the image.
Referring to Fig. 10, the method for embedding electronic watermark data in an image is performed as follows . First of all, a discrete cosine transforming means 1020 transforms an original image into frequency components. In the frequency 2o components, n components are selected as f ( 1 ) , f (2 ) , . . . , f (n) according to amplitude order. Electronic watermark data pieces w(1), w(2), ..., w(n) are extracted from random data following a normal distribution with mean - 0 and variance =
1. An electronic watermark data embedding means 1030 2s calculates the following equation for each i:
s F(i) - f (i) + a ~ f (i) ~ ' w(i), where 1 c i < n and where a is a scaling factor . Finally, image data in which electronic watermark data has been embedded is obtained by transforming F (i) by inverse discrete cosine transform.
The electronic watermark data is detected in the following manner. In this case, it is assumed that the original image and electronic watermark data candidate set (w(i) ) (where i =
1, 2, ..., n) are known.
1o With reference to Fig. 11, a discrete cosine transforming means 1120 transforms an image in which electronic watermark data has been embedded into frequency components F ( 1 ) , F ( 2 ) , . . . , F(n). A discrete cosine transforming means 1110 transforms original image data into frequency components f ( 1 ) , f ( 2 ) , . . . , f (n) . With f ( i ) and F ( i ) , electronic watermark data estimated values W(i) are calculated and extracted by the following equation:
W(i) - (F(i) - f (i) ) / f (i) .
Next, an inner product calculating means 1140 calculates the 2o statistical similarity of w(i) and W(i) by the following equation:
C = W * w / (WD * wD) , where W= (W(1), W(2), ..., W(n)): w= (w(1), w(2), ..., w(n));
WD = absolute value of vector W; and wD = absolute value of vector w. A statistical similarity determining means 1160 determines that relevant electronic watermark data has been embedded in a relevant image when the value of C is equal to or larger than a predetermined value.
If the copyright holder of images embeds electronic watermark data in the images, the electronic watermark data is effective to verify images that the holder inspects is illegally copied. Fig. 12 is a block diagram showing an image_ data encoding system with such an electronic watermark data embedding means according to a prior artreference. Discrete to cosine transforming means 1201 orthogonally transforms the original image data in time domain into data in frequency domain.
Electronic data embedding means 1202 embeds electronic watermark data 1203 in the data in frequency domain. Quantizing means 1204 quantizes the data in which the electronic watermark data has been embedded. Encoding means 1205 encodes the quantized data and outputs the resultant MPEG data.
The aforementioned conventional encoding system always embeds electronic watermark data in a relevant image. Although the image faintly deteriorates as the electronic watermark data 2o is embedded in frequency components, it is not that the image does not deteriorate at all. Therefore, another image encoding system having no means for embeddizig electronic watermark data is required when image should not be embedded with electronic watermark data, especially when the quality of the image should 2s be valued.
An object of the present invention is to provide an encoding system that generates not only encoded data of an image in which electronic watermark data is embedded but also encoded data of an image in which electronic watermark data is not embedded.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an image inputting apparatus that generates not only encoded data of an image in which electronic watermark data is embedded but also encoded data of an image in which electronic watermark to data is not embedded.
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an image data encoding system for embedding electronic watermark data in an original image, which comprises: discrete cosine transforming means for discrete-cosine transforming the original image; electronic watermark data embedding means for embedding the electronic watermark data in the data that has been transformed by the discrete cosine transforming means; and data selecting means for selecting the output signal of the discrete cosine transforming means or the output signal of the electronic watermark data embedding means .
The image data encoding system further comprises: a flip-flop connected to the data selecting means, wherein the data selecting means selects the output signal of the discrete cosine transforming means or the output signal of the electronic watermark data embedding means corresponding to information s stored in the flip-flop.
In the image data encoding system, the data selecting means selects the output signal of the discrete cosine transforming means or the output signal of the electronic watermark data embedding means corresponding to an external signal.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an image data encoding system for encoding digital image data in a predetermined encoding manner and outputting the resultant image data, which comprises: an to electronic watermark embedding means for embedding electronic watermark data selected from a plurality of types of electronic watermark data in the digital image data, wherein at least one of the plurality of types of electronic watermark data is predetermined electronic watermark data that does not affect the digital image data even if embedded in the digital image data.
In the image data encoding system, the predetermined electronic watermark data is composed of other than random numbers generated by an algorithm corresponding to a normal 2o distribution.
The image data encoding system further comprises:
transforming means for transforming the digital image data into frequency components and outputting the resultant data to the electronic watermark dataembedding means; quantizing meansfor quantizing the data in which electronic watermark data has been embedded by the electronic watermark data embedding means; and a variable-length encoding means for encoding output data of the quantizing means into variable-length code.
According to still another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an image data encoding system for encoding digital image data in a predetermined manner and outputting the resultant data, comprising: a plurality of electronic watermark data tables having a plurality of types of electronic watermark data for identifying the digital image data; an electronic 1o watermark data selecting means for selecting one of the electronic watermark data tables; and an electronic watermark data embedding means for embedding the selected type of electronic watermark data in the digital image data, wherein at least one of the electronic watermark data tables has a predetermined electronic watermark data that does not affect the digital image data even if embedded in the digital image data.
In the image data encoding system, the predetermined electronic watermark data is composed of other than random 2o numbers generated by an algorithm corresponding to a normal distribution.
The image data encoding system further comprises transforming means for transforming the digital image data into frequency components and outputting the resultant data to the electronic watermark data embedding means; a quantizing means for quantizing the data in which electronic watermark data has been embedded by the electronic watermark data embedding means;
and a variable-length encoding means for encoding output data of the quantizing means into variable-length code.
s In the image data encoding system, the predetermined electronic watermark data is composed of other than random numbers generated by an algorithm corresponding to a normal distribution.
According to a further aspect of the present invention, 1o there is provided an image inputting apparatus, which comprises: image pickup means for obtaining an analog image signal; analog-to-digital converting means for converting the analog image signal obtained by the image pickup means into image data; transforming means for transforming the image data 15 into data in first frequency domain; storing means for temporarily storing the data in the first frequency domain;
identification data holding means for holding identification data; means for adding the identification data to the data in the first frequency domain and generating data in second 2o frequency domain; and selecting means for selecting either of the data in the first frequency domain and the data in the second frequency domain and outputting the selected data.
In the image inputting apparatus, the transforming means is an orthogonal transforming means.
2s The image inputting apparatus further comprises:
compressing means for compressing and encoding the output signal of the selecting means.
According to a stillfurther aspectof the present invention, there is provided an image inputting apparatus, comprising:
image pickup means for obtaining an analog image signal;
analog-to-digital converting means for converting the analog image signal obtained by the image pickup means into image data; .
transforming means for transforming the image data into data in first frequency domain; storing means for temporarily 1o storing the image data; identification data holding means for holding identification data; means for adding the identification data to the data in the first frequency domain and generating data in second frequency domain; inverse-transforming means for inversely transforming the data in the is second frequency domain into data in time domain; and selecting means for selecting either of the output signal of the inverse-transforming means and the output signal of the storing means.
In the image inputting apparatus, the transforming means 2o is an orthogonal transforming means and the inverse-transforming means isan orthogonal inverse-transforming means.
The image inputting apparatus further comprises:
compressing means for compressing and encoding the output signal of the selecting means.
25 These and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent in light of the following detailed description of a best mode embodiment thereof, with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein:
Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing the structure of an image data encoding system according of a first embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a block diagram showing the structure of an image data encoding system according to a first example of the present to invention;
Fig. 3 is a block diagram showing the structure of an image data encoding system according to a second example of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a block diagram showing the structure of an image data encoding system according of a second embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is a block diagram showing the structure of an image inputting apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention 2o Fig. 6 is a block diagram showing the structure of an image inputting apparatus according to a third example of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram for explaining an embedding of identification data in frequency domain according to the third example of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is a block diagram showing the structure of an image inputting apparatus according to a fourth example of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is a block diagram showing an example of the s structure of a conventional image inputting apparatus;
Fig. 10 is a block diagram for explaining an electronic watermark data embedding method according to a prior art reference;
Fig. 11 is a block diagram for explaining an electronic to watermark data detecting method according to a prior art reference; and Fig. 12 is a block diagram showing the structure of an image data encoding system according to a prior art reference.
15 Next, with reference to the accompanying drawings, embodiments and examples of the present invention will be explained.
With reference to Fig. 1, an image data encoding system 2o according to a first embodiment of the present invention comprises discrete cosine transforming means 101, electronic watermark data embedding means 102, electronic watermark data 103, data selecting means 106, quantizing means 104, and encoding means 105. Discrete cosine transforming means 101 25 transforms input original image data in time domain into data in frequency domain. Electronic watermark data embedding means 102 embeds electronic watermark data 103 in the data in frequency domain. Data selecting means 106 alternatively selects output signal 107 of discrete cosine transforming means 101 or output signal 108 of electronic watermark data embedding means 102 . Quantizing means 104 quantizes data selected by data selecting means 106. Encoding means 105 encodes the quantized.
data received from quantizing means 104 and generates MPEG data.
Next, the operation of the system shown in Fig. 1 will be 1o explained.
Discrete cosine transforming means 101 converts the original image data in time domain into data in frequency domain.
Electronic watermark data embedding means102 embeds electronic watermark data 103 in the data in frequency domain.
Output signal 108 of electronic watermark data embedding means 102 is supplied to one input terminal of data selecting means 106. Output signal 107 of discrete cosine transforming means 101 is supplied to an input terminal of electronic watermark data embedding means 102. In addition, output signal 107 is supplied to the other input terminal of data selecting means 106. When the electronic watermark data 103 should be embedded in the original image data, data selecting means 106 selects output signal 108. When the electronic watermark data 103 should not be embedded in the original image data, data selecting means 106 selects output signal 107.
is Quantizing means 104 quantizes the data selected by data selecting means 106. Encoding means 105 encodes the quantized data and outputs MPEG data.
Next, with reference to Fig. 2, a first example according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be explained.
With reference to Fig. 2, output signal 107 of discrete cosine transforming unit 101 or output signal 108 of electronic 1o watermark data embedding unit 102 is alternatively selected by selecting unit 110 that operates corresponding to information stored in flip-flop 111. When the electronic watermark data should not be embedded in the image data, a logic value "0" is stored in flip-flop 111. When the electronic watermark data should be embedded in the original image data, a logic value "1" is stored in flip-flop 111.
Discrete cosine transforming unit 101 orthogonally transforms original image data in time domain into data in frequency domain. Electronic watermark data embedding unit 102 embeds electronic watermark data 103 in the data in frequency domain.
Output signal 108 of electronic watermark data embedding unit 102 is supplied to one input terminal of selecting unit 110. Output signal 107 of discrete cosine transforming unit 101 is supplied to an input terminal of electronic watermark data embedding unit 102. In addition, output signal 107 of discrete cosine transforming unit 101 is supplied to the other input terminal of selecting unit 110. When the information of flip-flop 111 represents the logical value '0' , selecting unit 110 selects output signal 107. When the information of flip-flop 111 represents the logical value '1' , selecting unit 110 selects output signal 108. -Quantizing unit 104 quantizes the data selected by selecting unit 110. Encoding unit 105 encodes the quantized to data and outputs MPEG data.
Next, with reference to Fig. 3, a second example according to the first embodiment of the present invention will, be explained.
Referring to Fig. 3, output signal 107 of discrete cosine transforming unit 101 and output signal 108 of electronic watermark data embedding unit 102 is alternatively selected by selecting unit 110 corresponding to external signal 112. When electronic watermark data 103 should not be embedded in image 2o data, a logical value '0' is set to external signal 112. When electronic watermark data should be embedded in image data, a logical value '1' is designated to external signal 112.
Discrete cosine transforming unit 101 orthogonally transforms original image data in time domain into data in frequency domain. Electronic watermark data embedding unit 102 embeds electronic watermark data 103 in the data in frequency domain.
Output signal 108 of electronic watermark data embedding unit 102 is supplied to one input terminal of selecting unit 110. Output signal 107 of discrete cosine transforming unit 101 is supplied to an input terminal of electronic watermark data embedding unit 102. In addition, output signal 107 is-supplied to the other input terminal of selecting unit 110.
When external signal 112 represents the logical value '0', to selecting unit 110 selects~output signal 107. When external signal 112 represents the logical value '1' , selecting unit 110 selects output signal 108.
Quantizing unit 104 quantizes the data selected by selecting unit 110. Encoding unit 105 encodes the quantized data and outputs MPEG data.
Next, with reference to Fig. 4, an image data encoding system according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be explained.
2o Fig. 4 is a block diagram showing the structure of the image data encoding system according to the second embodiment of the present invention. In Fig. 4, the image data encoding system comprises discrete cosine transforming means 402, a plurality of electronic watermark data tables 408 (0) , 408 (1) , 408 (2) . . .
408(n), electronic watermark data selecting unit 407, 1s electronic watermark data embedding means404, quantizing means 405, and encoding means 406. Discrete cosine transforming means 402 performs a discrete cosine transforming process for original image stream 401 to be encoded. Electronic watermark data tables 408 (0) , 408 (1) , 408 (2) , . . . , 408 (n) have respective electronic watermark data. Electronic watermark data selecting unit 407 selects one of electronic watermark data tables 408(0), 408(1), 408(2), ... , 408(n). Electronic watermark data embedding means 404 embeds electronic watermark to data in the data that is received from discrete cosine transforming means 402 and then temporarily stored in buffer 410. Quantizing means 405 quantizes data received from electronic watermark data embedding means 404. Encoding means 406 encodes data received from quantizing means 405 into variable-length code and outputs resultant MPEG data 409.
Among the plurality of electronic watermark data tables 408 (0) to 408 (n) , watermark data table 408 (0) has electronic data that does not affect digital image data. In other words, the electronic watermark data table 408 (0) does not have random 2o numbers generated by an algorithm of generating random numbers in a normal distribution. On the other hand, electronic watermark data tables 408(1) to 408(n) have random numbers generated by the algorithm.
Next, the operation of the image data encoding system according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be explained.
First of all, the case in which normal electronic watermark data is embedded in image data will be explained. Original image data 401 is extracted in the unit of (8 x 8 pixel) block.
Discrete cosine transforming means 402 performs a discrete cosine transforming process for the extracted data and then transforms the data into frequency components. Electronic watermark data selecting means407selectselectronic watermark data from one of the electronic watermark data tables 408(1) 1o to 408 (n)(i.e.notfromelectronic watermark data table 408 (0))and outputs the selected electronic watermark data to electronic watermark data embedding means 404. Electronic watermark data embedding means 404 embeds the selected electronic watermark data in the frequency components. Quantizing means 405 quantizes data received from electronic watermark data embedding means 404. Encoding means 406encodes quantized data and outputs resultant MPEG data 409.
Next, the case in which encoded data corresponding to original data is required is explained. Similarly to the normal 2o case, original image data 401 is extracted in the unit of (8 x 8 pixel) block corresponding to the conventional MPEG
compressing process. Discrete cosine transforming means 402 performs a discrete cosine transforming process for the extracted data and then transforms the extracted data into frequency components. Electronic watermark data selecting means 407 selects electronic watermark data that does not affect digital image data from the electronic watermark data table 408(0) and outputs the selected electronic watermark data to electronic watermark data embedding means 404. Electronic watermark data embedding means 404 embeds the selected electronic watermark data in the frequency components.
Quantizing means 405 quantizes the data received from -electronic watermark data embedding means 404. Encoding means 406 encodes the quantized data and outputs resultant MPEG data 409.
Next, with reference to Fig. 5, the basic structure of an image inputting apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be explained. With reference to Fig.
To solve this problem, a method for transforming an image into frequency components and embedding electronic watermark s data in the frequency spectrum has been proposed (Nikkei Electronics, p. 13, No. 660, April 22, 1996) . In this method, since electronic watermark data is embedded in frequency components, even if an image process such as a compressing process or a filtering process is performed for an image, the 1o electronic watermark data is not lost. In addition, when random numbers that follow a normal distribution are used as electronic watermark data, different pieces of electronic watermark data do not interfere with each other. Thus, it is difficult to destroy the electronic watermark data without largely is deteriorating the image.
Referring to Fig. 10, the method for embedding electronic watermark data in an image is performed as follows . First of all, a discrete cosine transforming means 1020 transforms an original image into frequency components. In the frequency 2o components, n components are selected as f ( 1 ) , f (2 ) , . . . , f (n) according to amplitude order. Electronic watermark data pieces w(1), w(2), ..., w(n) are extracted from random data following a normal distribution with mean - 0 and variance =
1. An electronic watermark data embedding means 1030 2s calculates the following equation for each i:
s F(i) - f (i) + a ~ f (i) ~ ' w(i), where 1 c i < n and where a is a scaling factor . Finally, image data in which electronic watermark data has been embedded is obtained by transforming F (i) by inverse discrete cosine transform.
The electronic watermark data is detected in the following manner. In this case, it is assumed that the original image and electronic watermark data candidate set (w(i) ) (where i =
1, 2, ..., n) are known.
1o With reference to Fig. 11, a discrete cosine transforming means 1120 transforms an image in which electronic watermark data has been embedded into frequency components F ( 1 ) , F ( 2 ) , . . . , F(n). A discrete cosine transforming means 1110 transforms original image data into frequency components f ( 1 ) , f ( 2 ) , . . . , f (n) . With f ( i ) and F ( i ) , electronic watermark data estimated values W(i) are calculated and extracted by the following equation:
W(i) - (F(i) - f (i) ) / f (i) .
Next, an inner product calculating means 1140 calculates the 2o statistical similarity of w(i) and W(i) by the following equation:
C = W * w / (WD * wD) , where W= (W(1), W(2), ..., W(n)): w= (w(1), w(2), ..., w(n));
WD = absolute value of vector W; and wD = absolute value of vector w. A statistical similarity determining means 1160 determines that relevant electronic watermark data has been embedded in a relevant image when the value of C is equal to or larger than a predetermined value.
If the copyright holder of images embeds electronic watermark data in the images, the electronic watermark data is effective to verify images that the holder inspects is illegally copied. Fig. 12 is a block diagram showing an image_ data encoding system with such an electronic watermark data embedding means according to a prior artreference. Discrete to cosine transforming means 1201 orthogonally transforms the original image data in time domain into data in frequency domain.
Electronic data embedding means 1202 embeds electronic watermark data 1203 in the data in frequency domain. Quantizing means 1204 quantizes the data in which the electronic watermark data has been embedded. Encoding means 1205 encodes the quantized data and outputs the resultant MPEG data.
The aforementioned conventional encoding system always embeds electronic watermark data in a relevant image. Although the image faintly deteriorates as the electronic watermark data 2o is embedded in frequency components, it is not that the image does not deteriorate at all. Therefore, another image encoding system having no means for embeddizig electronic watermark data is required when image should not be embedded with electronic watermark data, especially when the quality of the image should 2s be valued.
An object of the present invention is to provide an encoding system that generates not only encoded data of an image in which electronic watermark data is embedded but also encoded data of an image in which electronic watermark data is not embedded.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an image inputting apparatus that generates not only encoded data of an image in which electronic watermark data is embedded but also encoded data of an image in which electronic watermark to data is not embedded.
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an image data encoding system for embedding electronic watermark data in an original image, which comprises: discrete cosine transforming means for discrete-cosine transforming the original image; electronic watermark data embedding means for embedding the electronic watermark data in the data that has been transformed by the discrete cosine transforming means; and data selecting means for selecting the output signal of the discrete cosine transforming means or the output signal of the electronic watermark data embedding means .
The image data encoding system further comprises: a flip-flop connected to the data selecting means, wherein the data selecting means selects the output signal of the discrete cosine transforming means or the output signal of the electronic watermark data embedding means corresponding to information s stored in the flip-flop.
In the image data encoding system, the data selecting means selects the output signal of the discrete cosine transforming means or the output signal of the electronic watermark data embedding means corresponding to an external signal.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an image data encoding system for encoding digital image data in a predetermined encoding manner and outputting the resultant image data, which comprises: an to electronic watermark embedding means for embedding electronic watermark data selected from a plurality of types of electronic watermark data in the digital image data, wherein at least one of the plurality of types of electronic watermark data is predetermined electronic watermark data that does not affect the digital image data even if embedded in the digital image data.
In the image data encoding system, the predetermined electronic watermark data is composed of other than random numbers generated by an algorithm corresponding to a normal 2o distribution.
The image data encoding system further comprises:
transforming means for transforming the digital image data into frequency components and outputting the resultant data to the electronic watermark dataembedding means; quantizing meansfor quantizing the data in which electronic watermark data has been embedded by the electronic watermark data embedding means; and a variable-length encoding means for encoding output data of the quantizing means into variable-length code.
According to still another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an image data encoding system for encoding digital image data in a predetermined manner and outputting the resultant data, comprising: a plurality of electronic watermark data tables having a plurality of types of electronic watermark data for identifying the digital image data; an electronic 1o watermark data selecting means for selecting one of the electronic watermark data tables; and an electronic watermark data embedding means for embedding the selected type of electronic watermark data in the digital image data, wherein at least one of the electronic watermark data tables has a predetermined electronic watermark data that does not affect the digital image data even if embedded in the digital image data.
In the image data encoding system, the predetermined electronic watermark data is composed of other than random 2o numbers generated by an algorithm corresponding to a normal distribution.
The image data encoding system further comprises transforming means for transforming the digital image data into frequency components and outputting the resultant data to the electronic watermark data embedding means; a quantizing means for quantizing the data in which electronic watermark data has been embedded by the electronic watermark data embedding means;
and a variable-length encoding means for encoding output data of the quantizing means into variable-length code.
s In the image data encoding system, the predetermined electronic watermark data is composed of other than random numbers generated by an algorithm corresponding to a normal distribution.
According to a further aspect of the present invention, 1o there is provided an image inputting apparatus, which comprises: image pickup means for obtaining an analog image signal; analog-to-digital converting means for converting the analog image signal obtained by the image pickup means into image data; transforming means for transforming the image data 15 into data in first frequency domain; storing means for temporarily storing the data in the first frequency domain;
identification data holding means for holding identification data; means for adding the identification data to the data in the first frequency domain and generating data in second 2o frequency domain; and selecting means for selecting either of the data in the first frequency domain and the data in the second frequency domain and outputting the selected data.
In the image inputting apparatus, the transforming means is an orthogonal transforming means.
2s The image inputting apparatus further comprises:
compressing means for compressing and encoding the output signal of the selecting means.
According to a stillfurther aspectof the present invention, there is provided an image inputting apparatus, comprising:
image pickup means for obtaining an analog image signal;
analog-to-digital converting means for converting the analog image signal obtained by the image pickup means into image data; .
transforming means for transforming the image data into data in first frequency domain; storing means for temporarily 1o storing the image data; identification data holding means for holding identification data; means for adding the identification data to the data in the first frequency domain and generating data in second frequency domain; inverse-transforming means for inversely transforming the data in the is second frequency domain into data in time domain; and selecting means for selecting either of the output signal of the inverse-transforming means and the output signal of the storing means.
In the image inputting apparatus, the transforming means 2o is an orthogonal transforming means and the inverse-transforming means isan orthogonal inverse-transforming means.
The image inputting apparatus further comprises:
compressing means for compressing and encoding the output signal of the selecting means.
25 These and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent in light of the following detailed description of a best mode embodiment thereof, with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein:
Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing the structure of an image data encoding system according of a first embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a block diagram showing the structure of an image data encoding system according to a first example of the present to invention;
Fig. 3 is a block diagram showing the structure of an image data encoding system according to a second example of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a block diagram showing the structure of an image data encoding system according of a second embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is a block diagram showing the structure of an image inputting apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention 2o Fig. 6 is a block diagram showing the structure of an image inputting apparatus according to a third example of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram for explaining an embedding of identification data in frequency domain according to the third example of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is a block diagram showing the structure of an image inputting apparatus according to a fourth example of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is a block diagram showing an example of the s structure of a conventional image inputting apparatus;
Fig. 10 is a block diagram for explaining an electronic watermark data embedding method according to a prior art reference;
Fig. 11 is a block diagram for explaining an electronic to watermark data detecting method according to a prior art reference; and Fig. 12 is a block diagram showing the structure of an image data encoding system according to a prior art reference.
15 Next, with reference to the accompanying drawings, embodiments and examples of the present invention will be explained.
With reference to Fig. 1, an image data encoding system 2o according to a first embodiment of the present invention comprises discrete cosine transforming means 101, electronic watermark data embedding means 102, electronic watermark data 103, data selecting means 106, quantizing means 104, and encoding means 105. Discrete cosine transforming means 101 25 transforms input original image data in time domain into data in frequency domain. Electronic watermark data embedding means 102 embeds electronic watermark data 103 in the data in frequency domain. Data selecting means 106 alternatively selects output signal 107 of discrete cosine transforming means 101 or output signal 108 of electronic watermark data embedding means 102 . Quantizing means 104 quantizes data selected by data selecting means 106. Encoding means 105 encodes the quantized.
data received from quantizing means 104 and generates MPEG data.
Next, the operation of the system shown in Fig. 1 will be 1o explained.
Discrete cosine transforming means 101 converts the original image data in time domain into data in frequency domain.
Electronic watermark data embedding means102 embeds electronic watermark data 103 in the data in frequency domain.
Output signal 108 of electronic watermark data embedding means 102 is supplied to one input terminal of data selecting means 106. Output signal 107 of discrete cosine transforming means 101 is supplied to an input terminal of electronic watermark data embedding means 102. In addition, output signal 107 is supplied to the other input terminal of data selecting means 106. When the electronic watermark data 103 should be embedded in the original image data, data selecting means 106 selects output signal 108. When the electronic watermark data 103 should not be embedded in the original image data, data selecting means 106 selects output signal 107.
is Quantizing means 104 quantizes the data selected by data selecting means 106. Encoding means 105 encodes the quantized data and outputs MPEG data.
Next, with reference to Fig. 2, a first example according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be explained.
With reference to Fig. 2, output signal 107 of discrete cosine transforming unit 101 or output signal 108 of electronic 1o watermark data embedding unit 102 is alternatively selected by selecting unit 110 that operates corresponding to information stored in flip-flop 111. When the electronic watermark data should not be embedded in the image data, a logic value "0" is stored in flip-flop 111. When the electronic watermark data should be embedded in the original image data, a logic value "1" is stored in flip-flop 111.
Discrete cosine transforming unit 101 orthogonally transforms original image data in time domain into data in frequency domain. Electronic watermark data embedding unit 102 embeds electronic watermark data 103 in the data in frequency domain.
Output signal 108 of electronic watermark data embedding unit 102 is supplied to one input terminal of selecting unit 110. Output signal 107 of discrete cosine transforming unit 101 is supplied to an input terminal of electronic watermark data embedding unit 102. In addition, output signal 107 of discrete cosine transforming unit 101 is supplied to the other input terminal of selecting unit 110. When the information of flip-flop 111 represents the logical value '0' , selecting unit 110 selects output signal 107. When the information of flip-flop 111 represents the logical value '1' , selecting unit 110 selects output signal 108. -Quantizing unit 104 quantizes the data selected by selecting unit 110. Encoding unit 105 encodes the quantized to data and outputs MPEG data.
Next, with reference to Fig. 3, a second example according to the first embodiment of the present invention will, be explained.
Referring to Fig. 3, output signal 107 of discrete cosine transforming unit 101 and output signal 108 of electronic watermark data embedding unit 102 is alternatively selected by selecting unit 110 corresponding to external signal 112. When electronic watermark data 103 should not be embedded in image 2o data, a logical value '0' is set to external signal 112. When electronic watermark data should be embedded in image data, a logical value '1' is designated to external signal 112.
Discrete cosine transforming unit 101 orthogonally transforms original image data in time domain into data in frequency domain. Electronic watermark data embedding unit 102 embeds electronic watermark data 103 in the data in frequency domain.
Output signal 108 of electronic watermark data embedding unit 102 is supplied to one input terminal of selecting unit 110. Output signal 107 of discrete cosine transforming unit 101 is supplied to an input terminal of electronic watermark data embedding unit 102. In addition, output signal 107 is-supplied to the other input terminal of selecting unit 110.
When external signal 112 represents the logical value '0', to selecting unit 110 selects~output signal 107. When external signal 112 represents the logical value '1' , selecting unit 110 selects output signal 108.
Quantizing unit 104 quantizes the data selected by selecting unit 110. Encoding unit 105 encodes the quantized data and outputs MPEG data.
Next, with reference to Fig. 4, an image data encoding system according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be explained.
2o Fig. 4 is a block diagram showing the structure of the image data encoding system according to the second embodiment of the present invention. In Fig. 4, the image data encoding system comprises discrete cosine transforming means 402, a plurality of electronic watermark data tables 408 (0) , 408 (1) , 408 (2) . . .
408(n), electronic watermark data selecting unit 407, 1s electronic watermark data embedding means404, quantizing means 405, and encoding means 406. Discrete cosine transforming means 402 performs a discrete cosine transforming process for original image stream 401 to be encoded. Electronic watermark data tables 408 (0) , 408 (1) , 408 (2) , . . . , 408 (n) have respective electronic watermark data. Electronic watermark data selecting unit 407 selects one of electronic watermark data tables 408(0), 408(1), 408(2), ... , 408(n). Electronic watermark data embedding means 404 embeds electronic watermark to data in the data that is received from discrete cosine transforming means 402 and then temporarily stored in buffer 410. Quantizing means 405 quantizes data received from electronic watermark data embedding means 404. Encoding means 406 encodes data received from quantizing means 405 into variable-length code and outputs resultant MPEG data 409.
Among the plurality of electronic watermark data tables 408 (0) to 408 (n) , watermark data table 408 (0) has electronic data that does not affect digital image data. In other words, the electronic watermark data table 408 (0) does not have random 2o numbers generated by an algorithm of generating random numbers in a normal distribution. On the other hand, electronic watermark data tables 408(1) to 408(n) have random numbers generated by the algorithm.
Next, the operation of the image data encoding system according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be explained.
First of all, the case in which normal electronic watermark data is embedded in image data will be explained. Original image data 401 is extracted in the unit of (8 x 8 pixel) block.
Discrete cosine transforming means 402 performs a discrete cosine transforming process for the extracted data and then transforms the data into frequency components. Electronic watermark data selecting means407selectselectronic watermark data from one of the electronic watermark data tables 408(1) 1o to 408 (n)(i.e.notfromelectronic watermark data table 408 (0))and outputs the selected electronic watermark data to electronic watermark data embedding means 404. Electronic watermark data embedding means 404 embeds the selected electronic watermark data in the frequency components. Quantizing means 405 quantizes data received from electronic watermark data embedding means 404. Encoding means 406encodes quantized data and outputs resultant MPEG data 409.
Next, the case in which encoded data corresponding to original data is required is explained. Similarly to the normal 2o case, original image data 401 is extracted in the unit of (8 x 8 pixel) block corresponding to the conventional MPEG
compressing process. Discrete cosine transforming means 402 performs a discrete cosine transforming process for the extracted data and then transforms the extracted data into frequency components. Electronic watermark data selecting means 407 selects electronic watermark data that does not affect digital image data from the electronic watermark data table 408(0) and outputs the selected electronic watermark data to electronic watermark data embedding means 404. Electronic watermark data embedding means 404 embeds the selected electronic watermark data in the frequency components.
Quantizing means 405 quantizes the data received from -electronic watermark data embedding means 404. Encoding means 406 encodes the quantized data and outputs resultant MPEG data 409.
Next, with reference to Fig. 5, the basic structure of an image inputting apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be explained. With reference to Fig.
5, the image inputting apparatus comprises image pickup means 501, analog-to-digital-converting means 502, transforming means 503, storing means 507, identification data holding means 510, identification data embedding means 509, data selecting means 508, quantizing means 504, and encoding means 505. Image 2o pickup means 501picks up an external image. Analog-to-digital converting means 502 converts an analog signal of the picked-up image into digital image data. Transforming means 503 transforms the image data in space domain into data in frequency domain. Storing means 507 temporarily stores the image data in frequency domain. Identification data holding means 510 holds identification data. Identification data embedding means 509 embeds the identification data in the image data in frequency domain. Data selecting means 508 selects an output signal of storing means 507 or an output signal of s identification data embedding means 509. Quantizing means 504 quantizes the selected image data. Encoding means 505 encodes the quantized image data into variable-length code.
Next, the operation of the image inputting apparatus according to the third embodiment of the present invention will 1o be explained. Image pickup means 501 picks up an external image and outputs the analog signal of the picked-up image.
Analog-to-digital converting means 502 converts the analog signal into digital image data and outputs the digital image data. Transforming means 503 orthogonally transforms the 1s ~ image data in space domain into image data in frequency domain and outputs the resultant image data. Storing means 507 temporarily stores the image data in frequency domain.
Identification data holding means 510 holds and outputs identification data. Identification data embedding means 509 2o embeds the identification data in the image data in frequency domain and outputs the resultant data. Data selecting means 508 selects an output signal of storing means 507 or an output signal of identification data embedding means 509 and outputs the selected signal. The quantizing means 504 quantizes the 25 image data and outputs the resultant data. The encoding means 505 encodes the quantized image data into variable-length code and outputs compressed image data.
Next, with reference to Fig. 6, a third example according to the third embodiment of the present invention will be explained. Referring to Fig. 6, CCD image pickup device 601 picks up an external image and outputs the analog signal of the-picked-up image. Analog-to-digital converting unit 602 converts the analog signal into digital image data and outputs 1o the digital image data.
Discrete cosine transforming unit 603 orthogonally transforms the image data in space domain into data in frequency domain. Buffer 607 temporarily stores image data in frequency domain. Identification data table 610 holds and outputs 1s identification data. Identification data embedding unit 609 embeds the identification data in the image data in frequency domain and outputs the resultant data.
Selecting unit 608 alternatively selects an output signal of buffer 607 or an output signal of identification data 2o embedding unit 609. When the output signal of buffer 607 is selected, the original image data is output. When the output signal of identification data embedding unit 609 is selected, image data in which the identification data is embedded is output.
2s Quantizing unit 604 quantizes image data and outputs the quantized image data. Variable-length encoding unit 605 encodes the quantized image data in variable-length code and outputs the resultant MPEG data. The MPEG data is supplied to for example a personal computer, a storage medium processing unit (such as an optical magnetic medium) , a network processing unit (that transmits the data to a network line), or a radio media processing unit (that transmits the data to a radio channel).
Next, with reference to Fig. 7, an embedding method of to identification data will be explained. When image data in space domain is orthogonally transformed into data in frequency domain by discrete cosine transforming unit 603, a frequency spectrum 701 shown in Fig. 7 is generated. Identification data table 610 outputs the identification data with a frequency spectrum 704 shown in Fig. 7. Frequency spectrum 704 is similar to the spectrum 701. When adding unit 702 adds frequency spectrum 704 of the identification data to frequency spectrum 701 of the original image, a frequency spectrum 703 in which the identification data is embedded is obtained.
2o To extract the identification data, a subtracting unit (not shown) extracts frequency spectrum 701 of the original image from frequency spectrum 703 in which the identification data is embedded and obtains frequency spectrum 704 of the identification data. Thus, the identification data can be easily extracted.
Next, with reference to Fig. 8, a fourth example according to the third embodiment of the present invention will be explained. Referring to Fig. 8, CCD image pickup device 601 picks up an external image and outputs the analog signal of the picked-up image. Analog-to-digital converting unit 602 converts the analog signal into digital image data and outputs-the image data. Buffer 807 temporarily stores the digital image data.
1o Discrete cosine transforming unit 603 orthogonally transforms image data in space domain into data in frequency domain and outputs the resultant data. Identification data table 610 holds and outputs identification data.
Identification data embedding unit 609 embeds the 1s identification data in the image data in frequency domain and outputs the resultant data. Inverse discrete cosine transforming unit 811 transforms the image data in frequency domain into data in space domain and outputs the resultant image data. The image data in frequency domain may be converted into 2o the image data in space domain by fast Fourier transforming method rather than the discrete cosine transforming method.
Selecting unit808alternativelyselectsthe outputsignal of buffer 807 or the output signal of inverse discrete cosine transforming unit 811. When the output signal of buffer 807 2s is selected, the original image data is output . When the output 2s signal of inverse discrete cosine transforming unit 811 is selected, the image data in which the identification data is embedded is output.
Since the embedding method of the identification data according to the fourth example is the same as that of the third example, the description thereof is omitted. To extract the identification data, the discrete cosine transforming means orthogonally transforms the image data in space domain into the image data in frequency domain. Thereafter, a subtracting unit (not shown) subtracts the frequency spectrum of the original image data from the frequency spectrum in which the identification data is embedded and obtains the frequency spectrum of the identification data.
As explained above, according to the present invention, since both image data with electronic watermark data and image data without electronic watermark data can be encoded by one encoding system rather than two encoding systems, the hardware scale can be remarkably reduced.
According to the present invention, even if image data is 2o illegally copied, it can be identified. This is because identification data has been embedded in the image data. Thus, by detecting the identification data, the route of the illegal copy can be tracked.
In addition, when identification data is deleted or destroyed and thereby original image data thereof is illegally copied, the image quality of the image data remarkably deteriorates . Thus, the image data can be prevented from being illegally forged and copied.
Although the present invention has been shown and explained with respect to a best mode embodiment thereof, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing and various other changes, omissions, and additions in the form and detail thereof may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Next, the operation of the image inputting apparatus according to the third embodiment of the present invention will 1o be explained. Image pickup means 501 picks up an external image and outputs the analog signal of the picked-up image.
Analog-to-digital converting means 502 converts the analog signal into digital image data and outputs the digital image data. Transforming means 503 orthogonally transforms the 1s ~ image data in space domain into image data in frequency domain and outputs the resultant image data. Storing means 507 temporarily stores the image data in frequency domain.
Identification data holding means 510 holds and outputs identification data. Identification data embedding means 509 2o embeds the identification data in the image data in frequency domain and outputs the resultant data. Data selecting means 508 selects an output signal of storing means 507 or an output signal of identification data embedding means 509 and outputs the selected signal. The quantizing means 504 quantizes the 25 image data and outputs the resultant data. The encoding means 505 encodes the quantized image data into variable-length code and outputs compressed image data.
Next, with reference to Fig. 6, a third example according to the third embodiment of the present invention will be explained. Referring to Fig. 6, CCD image pickup device 601 picks up an external image and outputs the analog signal of the-picked-up image. Analog-to-digital converting unit 602 converts the analog signal into digital image data and outputs 1o the digital image data.
Discrete cosine transforming unit 603 orthogonally transforms the image data in space domain into data in frequency domain. Buffer 607 temporarily stores image data in frequency domain. Identification data table 610 holds and outputs 1s identification data. Identification data embedding unit 609 embeds the identification data in the image data in frequency domain and outputs the resultant data.
Selecting unit 608 alternatively selects an output signal of buffer 607 or an output signal of identification data 2o embedding unit 609. When the output signal of buffer 607 is selected, the original image data is output. When the output signal of identification data embedding unit 609 is selected, image data in which the identification data is embedded is output.
2s Quantizing unit 604 quantizes image data and outputs the quantized image data. Variable-length encoding unit 605 encodes the quantized image data in variable-length code and outputs the resultant MPEG data. The MPEG data is supplied to for example a personal computer, a storage medium processing unit (such as an optical magnetic medium) , a network processing unit (that transmits the data to a network line), or a radio media processing unit (that transmits the data to a radio channel).
Next, with reference to Fig. 7, an embedding method of to identification data will be explained. When image data in space domain is orthogonally transformed into data in frequency domain by discrete cosine transforming unit 603, a frequency spectrum 701 shown in Fig. 7 is generated. Identification data table 610 outputs the identification data with a frequency spectrum 704 shown in Fig. 7. Frequency spectrum 704 is similar to the spectrum 701. When adding unit 702 adds frequency spectrum 704 of the identification data to frequency spectrum 701 of the original image, a frequency spectrum 703 in which the identification data is embedded is obtained.
2o To extract the identification data, a subtracting unit (not shown) extracts frequency spectrum 701 of the original image from frequency spectrum 703 in which the identification data is embedded and obtains frequency spectrum 704 of the identification data. Thus, the identification data can be easily extracted.
Next, with reference to Fig. 8, a fourth example according to the third embodiment of the present invention will be explained. Referring to Fig. 8, CCD image pickup device 601 picks up an external image and outputs the analog signal of the picked-up image. Analog-to-digital converting unit 602 converts the analog signal into digital image data and outputs-the image data. Buffer 807 temporarily stores the digital image data.
1o Discrete cosine transforming unit 603 orthogonally transforms image data in space domain into data in frequency domain and outputs the resultant data. Identification data table 610 holds and outputs identification data.
Identification data embedding unit 609 embeds the 1s identification data in the image data in frequency domain and outputs the resultant data. Inverse discrete cosine transforming unit 811 transforms the image data in frequency domain into data in space domain and outputs the resultant image data. The image data in frequency domain may be converted into 2o the image data in space domain by fast Fourier transforming method rather than the discrete cosine transforming method.
Selecting unit808alternativelyselectsthe outputsignal of buffer 807 or the output signal of inverse discrete cosine transforming unit 811. When the output signal of buffer 807 2s is selected, the original image data is output . When the output 2s signal of inverse discrete cosine transforming unit 811 is selected, the image data in which the identification data is embedded is output.
Since the embedding method of the identification data according to the fourth example is the same as that of the third example, the description thereof is omitted. To extract the identification data, the discrete cosine transforming means orthogonally transforms the image data in space domain into the image data in frequency domain. Thereafter, a subtracting unit (not shown) subtracts the frequency spectrum of the original image data from the frequency spectrum in which the identification data is embedded and obtains the frequency spectrum of the identification data.
As explained above, according to the present invention, since both image data with electronic watermark data and image data without electronic watermark data can be encoded by one encoding system rather than two encoding systems, the hardware scale can be remarkably reduced.
According to the present invention, even if image data is 2o illegally copied, it can be identified. This is because identification data has been embedded in the image data. Thus, by detecting the identification data, the route of the illegal copy can be tracked.
In addition, when identification data is deleted or destroyed and thereby original image data thereof is illegally copied, the image quality of the image data remarkably deteriorates . Thus, the image data can be prevented from being illegally forged and copied.
Although the present invention has been shown and explained with respect to a best mode embodiment thereof, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing and various other changes, omissions, and additions in the form and detail thereof may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (16)
1. An image data encoding system for embedding electronic watermark data to an original image, which further comprises:
discrete cosine transforming means for discrete-cosine transforming said original image;
electronic watermark data embedding means for embedding said electronic watermark data in the data which has been transformed by said discrete cosine transforming means;
data selecting means for selecting an output signal of said discrete cosine transforming means or an output signal of said electronic watermark data embedding means; and a flip-flop connected to said data selecting means, wherein said data selecting means selects the output signal of said discrete cosine transforming means or the output signal of said electronic watermark data embedding means corresponding to information stored in said flip-flop.
discrete cosine transforming means for discrete-cosine transforming said original image;
electronic watermark data embedding means for embedding said electronic watermark data in the data which has been transformed by said discrete cosine transforming means;
data selecting means for selecting an output signal of said discrete cosine transforming means or an output signal of said electronic watermark data embedding means; and a flip-flop connected to said data selecting means, wherein said data selecting means selects the output signal of said discrete cosine transforming means or the output signal of said electronic watermark data embedding means corresponding to information stored in said flip-flop.
2. An image data encoding system for embedding electronic watermark data to an original image, which comprises:
discrete cosine transforming means for discrete-cosine transforming said original image;
electronic watermark data embedding means for embedding said electronic watermark data in the data which has been transformed by said discrete cosine transforming means; and data selecting means for selecting an output signal of said discrete cosine transforming means or an output signal of said electronic watermark data embedding means;
wherein said data selecting means selects the output signal of said discrete cosine transforming means or the output signal of said electronic watermark data embedding means corresponding to an external signal.
discrete cosine transforming means for discrete-cosine transforming said original image;
electronic watermark data embedding means for embedding said electronic watermark data in the data which has been transformed by said discrete cosine transforming means; and data selecting means for selecting an output signal of said discrete cosine transforming means or an output signal of said electronic watermark data embedding means;
wherein said data selecting means selects the output signal of said discrete cosine transforming means or the output signal of said electronic watermark data embedding means corresponding to an external signal.
3, An image data encoding system for encoding digital image data in a predetermined encoding manner and outputting the resultant image data, which comprises:
an electronic watermark embedding means for embedding electronic watermark data selected from a plurality of types of electronic watermark data to said digital image data, wherein at least one of the plurality of types of electronic watermark data is predetermined electronic watermark data which does not affect said digital image data even if embedded in said digital image data.
an electronic watermark embedding means for embedding electronic watermark data selected from a plurality of types of electronic watermark data to said digital image data, wherein at least one of the plurality of types of electronic watermark data is predetermined electronic watermark data which does not affect said digital image data even if embedded in said digital image data.
4. The image data encoding system as set forth in claim 3, wherein said predetermined electronic watermark data is composed of other than random numbers generated by an algorithm corresponding to a normal distribution.
5. The image data encoding system as set forth in claim 4, which further comprises:
transforming means for transforming said digital image data into frequency components and outputting the resultant data to said electronic watermark data embedding means;
quantizing means for quantizing the data in which electronic watermark data has been embedded by said electronic watermark data embedding means; and a variable-length encoding means for encoding output data of said quantizing means into variable-length code.
transforming means for transforming said digital image data into frequency components and outputting the resultant data to said electronic watermark data embedding means;
quantizing means for quantizing the data in which electronic watermark data has been embedded by said electronic watermark data embedding means; and a variable-length encoding means for encoding output data of said quantizing means into variable-length code.
6. The image data encoding system as set forth in claim 5, wherein the predetermined electronic watermark data is composed of other than random numbers generated by an algorithm corresponding to a normal distribution.
7. An image data encoding system for encoding digital image data in a predetermined manner and outputting the resultant data, comprising:
a plurality of electronic watermark data tables having a plurality of types of electronic watermark data for identifying said digital image data;
an electronic watermark data selecting means for selecting one of said electronic watermark data tables; and an electronic watermark data embedding means for embedding the selected type of electronic watermark data in said digital image data, wherein at least one of said electronic watermark data tables has a predetermined electronic watermark data which does not affect said digital image data even if embedded in the digital image data.
a plurality of electronic watermark data tables having a plurality of types of electronic watermark data for identifying said digital image data;
an electronic watermark data selecting means for selecting one of said electronic watermark data tables; and an electronic watermark data embedding means for embedding the selected type of electronic watermark data in said digital image data, wherein at least one of said electronic watermark data tables has a predetermined electronic watermark data which does not affect said digital image data even if embedded in the digital image data.
8, The image data encoding system as set forth in claim 7, wherein said predetermined electronic watermark data is composed of other than random numbers generated by an algorithm corresponding to a normal distribution.
9, The image data encoding system as set forth in claim 7, which further comprises:
transforming means for transforming said digital image data into frequency components and outputting the resultant data to said electronic watermark data embedding means;
a quantizing means for quantizing the data. in which electronic watermark data has been embedded by said electronic watermark data embedding means; and a variable-length encoding means for encoding output data of said quantizing means into variable-length code.
transforming means for transforming said digital image data into frequency components and outputting the resultant data to said electronic watermark data embedding means;
a quantizing means for quantizing the data. in which electronic watermark data has been embedded by said electronic watermark data embedding means; and a variable-length encoding means for encoding output data of said quantizing means into variable-length code.
10. The image data encoding system as set forth in claim 9, wherein said predetermined electronic watermark data is composed of other than random numbers generated by an algorithm corresponding to a normal distribution.
11. An image inputting apparatus, which comprises:
image pickup means for obtaining an analog image signal;
analog-to-digital converting means for converting said analog image signal obtained by said image pickup means into image data;
transforming means for transforming said image data into data in a first frequency domain;
storing means for temporarily storing the data in said first frequency domain;
identification data holding means for holding only digital identification data;
means for adding said identification data to the data in the first frequency domain and generating data in second frequency domain; and selecting means for selecting either of the data in said first frequency domain and the data in said second frequency domain and outputting the selected data.
image pickup means for obtaining an analog image signal;
analog-to-digital converting means for converting said analog image signal obtained by said image pickup means into image data;
transforming means for transforming said image data into data in a first frequency domain;
storing means for temporarily storing the data in said first frequency domain;
identification data holding means for holding only digital identification data;
means for adding said identification data to the data in the first frequency domain and generating data in second frequency domain; and selecting means for selecting either of the data in said first frequency domain and the data in said second frequency domain and outputting the selected data.
12. The image inputting apparatus as set forth in claim 11, wherein said transforming means is an orthogonal transforming means.
13. The image inputting apparatus as set forth in claim 11, which further comprises:
compressing means for compressing and encoding the output signal of said selecting means.
compressing means for compressing and encoding the output signal of said selecting means.
14. An image inputting apparatus, comprising:
image pickup means for obtaining an analog image signal;
analog-to-digital converting means for converting said analog image signal obtained by said image pickup means into image data;
transforming means for transforming said image data into data in first frequency domain;
storing means for temporarily storing said image data;
identification data holding means for holding identification data;
means for adding the identification data to the data in said first frequency domain and generating data in second frequency domain;
inverse-transforming means for inversely transforming the data in said second frequency domain into data in time domain; and selecting means for selecting either of the output signal of said inverse-transforming means and the output signal of said storing means.
image pickup means for obtaining an analog image signal;
analog-to-digital converting means for converting said analog image signal obtained by said image pickup means into image data;
transforming means for transforming said image data into data in first frequency domain;
storing means for temporarily storing said image data;
identification data holding means for holding identification data;
means for adding the identification data to the data in said first frequency domain and generating data in second frequency domain;
inverse-transforming means for inversely transforming the data in said second frequency domain into data in time domain; and selecting means for selecting either of the output signal of said inverse-transforming means and the output signal of said storing means.
15. The image inputting apparatus as set forth in claim 14, wherein in said transforming means is an orthogonal transforming means and said inverse-transforming means is an orthogonal inverse-transforming means.
16. The image inputting apparatus as set forth in claim 14, which further comprises:
compressing means for compressing and encoding the output signal of said selecting means.
compressing means for compressing and encoding the output signal of said selecting means.
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| CA2184949C (en) * | 1995-09-28 | 2000-05-30 | Ingemar J. Cox | Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia data |
| WO1997013248A1 (en) * | 1995-10-04 | 1997-04-10 | Philips Electronics N.V. | Marking a digitally encoded video and/or audio signal |
| US5805482A (en) * | 1995-10-20 | 1998-09-08 | Matsushita Electric Corporation Of America | Inverse discrete cosine transform processor having optimum input structure |
| US5664018A (en) * | 1996-03-12 | 1997-09-02 | Leighton; Frank Thomson | Watermarking process resilient to collusion attacks |
| WO1998003014A1 (en) * | 1996-07-16 | 1998-01-22 | Philips Electronics N.V. | Detecting a watermark embedded in an information signal |
| US6061793A (en) * | 1996-08-30 | 2000-05-09 | Regents Of The University Of Minnesota | Method and apparatus for embedding data, including watermarks, in human perceptible sounds |
| US5848155A (en) * | 1996-09-04 | 1998-12-08 | Nec Research Institute, Inc. | Spread spectrum watermark for embedded signalling |
| US6069914A (en) * | 1996-09-19 | 2000-05-30 | Nec Research Institute, Inc. | Watermarking of image data using MPEG/JPEG coefficients |
| US5809139A (en) * | 1996-09-13 | 1998-09-15 | Vivo Software, Inc. | Watermarking method and apparatus for compressed digital video |
| US5915027A (en) * | 1996-11-05 | 1999-06-22 | Nec Research Institute | Digital watermarking |
| KR100234493B1 (en) | 1997-11-18 | 2000-07-01 | 박한채 | A bulletin board |
-
1998
- 1998-02-10 CA CA002227381A patent/CA2227381C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-02-12 US US09/022,885 patent/US6298142B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-02-12 SG SG9800315A patent/SG84508A1/en unknown
- 1998-02-13 EP EP03018936A patent/EP1394735A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-02-13 KR KR1019980004263A patent/KR100326510B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-02-13 EP EP98102571A patent/EP0859337A3/en not_active Ceased
-
2001
- 2001-07-17 US US09/907,256 patent/US6424726B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SG84508A1 (en) | 2001-11-20 |
| US20010046308A1 (en) | 2001-11-29 |
| US6298142B1 (en) | 2001-10-02 |
| EP0859337A3 (en) | 1999-01-27 |
| US6424726B2 (en) | 2002-07-23 |
| EP0859337A2 (en) | 1998-08-19 |
| EP1394735A2 (en) | 2004-03-03 |
| KR19980071310A (en) | 1998-10-26 |
| KR100326510B1 (en) | 2002-07-03 |
| EP1394735A3 (en) | 2004-09-01 |
| CA2227381A1 (en) | 1998-08-14 |
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