CA2225493A1 - Metallocene stabilized alumoxane - Google Patents
Metallocene stabilized alumoxane Download PDFInfo
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- CA2225493A1 CA2225493A1 CA002225493A CA2225493A CA2225493A1 CA 2225493 A1 CA2225493 A1 CA 2225493A1 CA 002225493 A CA002225493 A CA 002225493A CA 2225493 A CA2225493 A CA 2225493A CA 2225493 A1 CA2225493 A1 CA 2225493A1
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- alumoxane
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/1616—Coordination complexes, e.g. organometallic complexes, immobilised on an inorganic support, e.g. ship-in-a-bottle type catalysts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/12—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/14—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides of aluminium or boron
- B01J31/143—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides of aluminium or boron of aluminium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/22—Organic complexes
- B01J31/2282—Unsaturated compounds used as ligands
- B01J31/2295—Cyclic compounds, e.g. cyclopentadienyls
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F10/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/08—Silica
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/40—Complexes comprising metals of Group IV (IVA or IVB) as the central metal
- B01J2531/48—Zirconium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/40—Complexes comprising metals of Group IV (IVA or IVB) as the central metal
- B01J2531/49—Hafnium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/619—Component covered by group C08F4/60 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
- C08F4/61912—Component covered by group C08F4/60 containing a transition metal-carbon bond in combination with an organoaluminium compound
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/619—Component covered by group C08F4/60 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
- C08F4/61916—Component covered by group C08F4/60 containing a transition metal-carbon bond supported on a carrier, e.g. silica, MgCl2, polymer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/619—Component covered by group C08F4/60 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
- C08F4/6192—Component covered by group C08F4/60 containing a transition metal-carbon bond containing at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, condensed or not, e.g. an indenyl or a fluorenyl ring
- C08F4/61922—Component covered by group C08F4/60 containing a transition metal-carbon bond containing at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, condensed or not, e.g. an indenyl or a fluorenyl ring containing at least two cyclopentadienyl rings, fused or not
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S526/00—Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 series
- Y10S526/943—Polymerization with metallocene catalysts
Abstract
Stabilized alumoxane solutions are provided as well as a method for producing such solutions. The method generally involves the use of metallocene catalyst component(s) that when mixed with alumoxane solutions reduce the tendency for such solutions to form gels.
Description
CA 0222~493 1998-02-0 Title: Metallocene Stabilized Alumoxane Inventors: A. K. Agapiou and P. Brant 5 Field of the Invention This invention relates to a method for producing stabilized alumoxane solutions that are resistant to gel formation. Specifically, the method relates to the use of metallocene catalyst components which, when combined with alumoxane 10 solutions, have the effect of stabilizing such solutions by prolonging the time it takes to form gels.
Background Alumoxane is commonly used as an activator for metallocene catalyst components in the formation of metallocene catalyst systems. A well-known problem associated with alumoxane solutions is the formation or gel or gel-like particles in the solutions as they age. Typically the alumoxane solution will become more and more viscous until the solution completely gels. This typically 20 occurs over a matter of weeks. More concentrated alumoxane solutions form gels more quickly.
The formation of gels in alumoxane solutions creates many serious problems. For example, it is difficult to transfer such solutions through a line. It is 25 also difficult to effectively combine gelled alumoxane solutions with other substances and catalyst systems made with such solutions tend to have lower activity and have been shown to cause increased reactor fouling tendency when used in olefin polymerization.
Gel formation is believed to be associated with continued reaction leading to increased molecular weight of the oligomeric alumoxane structure. Many methods for reducing gel formation have been described. Refrigeration has been shown to reduce the rate of gel formation, however, refrigeration is quite costly.
Vigorous shaking of a gelled alumoxane solution temporarily disperses the gels.
AMENDED SHEET
- = = =
- . CA 0222~493 1998-02-0~
Background Alumoxane is commonly used as an activator for metallocene catalyst components in the formation of metallocene catalyst systems. A well-known problem associated with alumoxane solutions is the formation or gel or gel-like particles in the solutions as they age. Typically the alumoxane solution will become more and more viscous until the solution completely gels. This typically 20 occurs over a matter of weeks. More concentrated alumoxane solutions form gels more quickly.
The formation of gels in alumoxane solutions creates many serious problems. For example, it is difficult to transfer such solutions through a line. It is 25 also difficult to effectively combine gelled alumoxane solutions with other substances and catalyst systems made with such solutions tend to have lower activity and have been shown to cause increased reactor fouling tendency when used in olefin polymerization.
Gel formation is believed to be associated with continued reaction leading to increased molecular weight of the oligomeric alumoxane structure. Many methods for reducing gel formation have been described. Refrigeration has been shown to reduce the rate of gel formation, however, refrigeration is quite costly.
Vigorous shaking of a gelled alumoxane solution temporarily disperses the gels.
AMENDED SHEET
- = = =
- . CA 0222~493 1998-02-0~
- 2- ' ',.~, Gels can partially be removed by dec~nting the solution. Unfortunately, these methods not only involve extra effort but are not entirely effective.
A number of methods for preparing gel-free or reduced gel alumoxane solutions have been described. For example, U. S. Patent Number 5,157,137 describes a method of making alumoxane wherein the alumoxane solution is treated with an anhydrous salt and/or hydroxide of an alkali or alkaline earth metal.
It is reported that alumoxane solutions made in this way remain gel free for an ~xten~ed period oftime. U.S. Patent Number 5,235,081 describes a method of removing gels from alumoxane by mixing an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent of the alumoxane with an aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent and then separating the precipitated solids from the alumoxane solution. U. S. Patent Number 5,371,260 describes the use of primary or secondary amines with subsequent heat and filtration to prepare gel-free alumoxane solutions. U. S. Patent Number 5,416,229 describes the use of certain electron-rich heteroatom compounds to stabilize alumoxane solutions and reduce gel formation. While these methods may be somewhat effective, it has been found that some catalyst systems made using suchstabilized alumoxanes exhibit inferior performance.
The present inventors have found that by adding metallocene to an alumoxane solution, the alumoxane solution surprisingly remains gel free for an extended period of time. Such solutions may be s-~ccessfi-lly used to prepare . catalyst systems that are highly active and that do not cause extensive fouling of the polymerization reactor when used to polymerize olefins.
Summary This invention relates to a method for stabilizing alumoxane, said method comprising the steps of: (a) combining a metallocene catalyst component witll a solution of alumoxane thereby forming a stabilized alumoxane solution; and (b) aging the stabilized alumoxane solution for a time period of at least one month.This invention further relates to a method for producing a catalyst system wherein the stabilized alumoxane produced by the method described above is combined with an additional amount metallocene and optionally a porous support material.
There is also provided a method for polymerizing olefins comprising cont~cting the AMENDED SHEET
~ CA 0222~493 1998-02-0~
A number of methods for preparing gel-free or reduced gel alumoxane solutions have been described. For example, U. S. Patent Number 5,157,137 describes a method of making alumoxane wherein the alumoxane solution is treated with an anhydrous salt and/or hydroxide of an alkali or alkaline earth metal.
It is reported that alumoxane solutions made in this way remain gel free for an ~xten~ed period oftime. U.S. Patent Number 5,235,081 describes a method of removing gels from alumoxane by mixing an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent of the alumoxane with an aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent and then separating the precipitated solids from the alumoxane solution. U. S. Patent Number 5,371,260 describes the use of primary or secondary amines with subsequent heat and filtration to prepare gel-free alumoxane solutions. U. S. Patent Number 5,416,229 describes the use of certain electron-rich heteroatom compounds to stabilize alumoxane solutions and reduce gel formation. While these methods may be somewhat effective, it has been found that some catalyst systems made using suchstabilized alumoxanes exhibit inferior performance.
The present inventors have found that by adding metallocene to an alumoxane solution, the alumoxane solution surprisingly remains gel free for an extended period of time. Such solutions may be s-~ccessfi-lly used to prepare . catalyst systems that are highly active and that do not cause extensive fouling of the polymerization reactor when used to polymerize olefins.
Summary This invention relates to a method for stabilizing alumoxane, said method comprising the steps of: (a) combining a metallocene catalyst component witll a solution of alumoxane thereby forming a stabilized alumoxane solution; and (b) aging the stabilized alumoxane solution for a time period of at least one month.This invention further relates to a method for producing a catalyst system wherein the stabilized alumoxane produced by the method described above is combined with an additional amount metallocene and optionally a porous support material.
There is also provided a method for polymerizing olefins comprising cont~cting the AMENDED SHEET
~ CA 0222~493 1998-02-0~
3-- , .. ..
catalyst system described above with olefin monomer(s) under conditions of polymerization.
Detailed Description of Preferred Embodiments Generally, the method of the invention involves simply adding one or more metallocene catalyst component to a solution of alumoxane. The resulting stabilized solution may then be aged for a period of time without forming a substantial amount of gels. This period oftime may extend up to 12 months or 10 more or at least 1, 2, 3, or 4 to 6 months.
As used herein, "aging" simply means allowed to sit without being used as a catalyst system or component. During the aging process, a precipitate may form.
This precipitate may be dispersed by stirring or shaking or may be easily filtered 15 from the solution.
Preferably the alumoxane solution to which the mletallocene is added is fresh. As used herein the terms "fresh" and "freshly prepared" when referring toalumoxane means that the alumoxane is not more than four weeks old (i. e., not 20 more than four weeks have passed from the time of preparation), preferably not more than two weeks old, more preferably not more than 1 week old, most preferably not more than 3 days old.
The stability of an alumoxane solution will depend to some extent on its 25 concentration. The more concentrated the solution, the more quickly the solution will gel. Conversely, a less concentrated solution such as a 10 weight percent or less solution, will remain gel-free for a longer period of time.
The alumoxane solutions useful in the practice of this invention are 30 preferably 5 to 50 weight percent alumoxane solutions, more preferably, the weight percent is in the range offrom 10 to 30 weight percent methylalumoxane solutions.
Methylalumoxane is the pl-efe. . ed alumoxane. These solutions may be prepared by methods well known in the art or conveniently obtained from commercial sources.
.
Alkylalumoxanes are thought to contain about 4 to 20 ofthe repeating units:
Al\AENDED S~IEE
CA 0222=,493 1998-02-0=, ~--A~ n 5 where R is a Cl-Cg allyl inclu-lin~ mixed alkyls. Particularly preferred are the compounds where R is methyl. There are a variety of methods for p-epa~ g alumoxane, non-limiting examples of which are described in U.S. Patent No.
4,665,208, 4,952,540, 5,091,352, 5,206,199, 5,204,419, 4,874,734, 4,924,01~2, 4,908,463, 4,968,827, 5,308,815, 5,329,032, 5,248,801, 5,235,081, 5,157,137, 10 5,103,031 andEP-A-O 561 476, EP-Bl-O 279 586, EP-A-O 594-218 andWO
94/10180, all of which are fully incorporated herein by reference.
The amount of metallocene added to the alumoxane solution may vary widely but preferably the molar ratio of the all Imin~lm of the alumoxane to thetransition metal ofthe metallocene is preferably in the range offrom about 1000:1 to about 10:1, preferably about 500:1 to about 25:1, even more preferably about 200:1 to about 50:1 and most preferably about 150:1 to about 50:1.
The metallocene may be added as a solution in an aromatic solvent such as 20 toluene or as a solid at any temperature. Preferably the mixture is stirred thoroughly until all solids are dissolved.
Any metallocene may be used in the practice of the invention.
Metallocenes are typically those bulky ligand transition metal compounds derivable 25 from the formula:
[L]mM[A]n where L is a bulky ligand; A is leaving group, M is a transition metal and m and n are such that the total ligand valency corresponds to the transition metal valency.
Preferably the catalyst is four co-ordinate such that the compound is ionizable to a 30 1+ charge state.
The ligands L and A may be bridged to each other, and if two ligands L
and/or A are present, they may be bridged. The metallocene compound may be full-sandwich compounds having two or more ligands L which may be 35 cyclopentadienyl ligands or cyclopentadiene derived ligands or half-sandwich .~ NDED Sl!EE~
. CA 0222~493 1998-02-OS
-5- ; ~ .
compounds having one ligand L, which is a cyclopentadienyl ligand or derived ligand.
Metallocene compounds generally contain a multiplicity of bonded atoms, 5 preferably carbon atoms, and typically contain a cyclic structure such as, for example, a cyclopentadienyl ligand, substituted or unsubstituted, or cyclopentadienyl derived ligand or any other ligand capable of 1l-S bonding to the transition metal atom. One or more bulky ligands may be ~-bonded to the transition metal atom. The transition metal atom may be a Group 4, S or 6 10 transition metal and/or a metal from the l~nth~nide and actinide series. Other ligands may be bonded to the transition metal, such as a leaving group, such as but not limited to hydrocarbyl, hydrogen or any other univalent anionic ligand.. Non-limiting examples of metallocene components and catalyst systems are discussed in for example, U.S. Patent Nos. 4,530,914, 4,952,716, 5,124,418, 4,808,561, 4,897,455, 5,278,119, 5,304,614 each of which is herein fully incorporated by reference. Also, the disclosures of EP-A- 0129,368, EP-A-0520732, EP-A-0420436, WO 91/04257 WO 92/00333, WO 93iO8221, and WO 93/08199 are each fully incorporated herein by reference.
The development of metallocene catalyst systems in the art for the polymerization of alpha olefins is illustrated in the disclosures of U.S. Patent No.
4,871,705 to Hoel, U.S. Patent No. 4,937,299 to Ewen, et al., 5,324,800 and EP-A-0 129 368 published July 26, 1989, and U.S. Patent Nos. 5,017,714 and 5,120,867 to Welborn, Jr. each of which is fully incorporated herein by reference.
Further, the metallocene catalyst componént of the invention can be a monocyclopentadienyl heteroatom cont~ining compound. This heteroatom is activated by either an alumoxane, an ionizing activator, a Lewis acid or a combination thereof to forrn an active polymerization catalyst system. These types of catalyst systems are described in, for example, PCT International PublicationWO 92/00333, WO 94/07928, and WO 91/ 04257, WO 94/03506, U.S. Patent Nos. 5,057,475, 5,096,867, 5,055,438, 5,198,401, 5,227,440 and 5,264,405 and EP-A-0 420 436, all of which are fully incorporated herein by reference. In addition, the metallocene catalysts useful in this invention can include non-cyclopentadienyl catalyst components, or ancillary ligands such as boroles or carbollides in combination with a transition metal.
Ni~ S~
~ - CA 0222~493 1998-02-0~
catalyst system described above with olefin monomer(s) under conditions of polymerization.
Detailed Description of Preferred Embodiments Generally, the method of the invention involves simply adding one or more metallocene catalyst component to a solution of alumoxane. The resulting stabilized solution may then be aged for a period of time without forming a substantial amount of gels. This period oftime may extend up to 12 months or 10 more or at least 1, 2, 3, or 4 to 6 months.
As used herein, "aging" simply means allowed to sit without being used as a catalyst system or component. During the aging process, a precipitate may form.
This precipitate may be dispersed by stirring or shaking or may be easily filtered 15 from the solution.
Preferably the alumoxane solution to which the mletallocene is added is fresh. As used herein the terms "fresh" and "freshly prepared" when referring toalumoxane means that the alumoxane is not more than four weeks old (i. e., not 20 more than four weeks have passed from the time of preparation), preferably not more than two weeks old, more preferably not more than 1 week old, most preferably not more than 3 days old.
The stability of an alumoxane solution will depend to some extent on its 25 concentration. The more concentrated the solution, the more quickly the solution will gel. Conversely, a less concentrated solution such as a 10 weight percent or less solution, will remain gel-free for a longer period of time.
The alumoxane solutions useful in the practice of this invention are 30 preferably 5 to 50 weight percent alumoxane solutions, more preferably, the weight percent is in the range offrom 10 to 30 weight percent methylalumoxane solutions.
Methylalumoxane is the pl-efe. . ed alumoxane. These solutions may be prepared by methods well known in the art or conveniently obtained from commercial sources.
.
Alkylalumoxanes are thought to contain about 4 to 20 ofthe repeating units:
Al\AENDED S~IEE
CA 0222=,493 1998-02-0=, ~--A~ n 5 where R is a Cl-Cg allyl inclu-lin~ mixed alkyls. Particularly preferred are the compounds where R is methyl. There are a variety of methods for p-epa~ g alumoxane, non-limiting examples of which are described in U.S. Patent No.
4,665,208, 4,952,540, 5,091,352, 5,206,199, 5,204,419, 4,874,734, 4,924,01~2, 4,908,463, 4,968,827, 5,308,815, 5,329,032, 5,248,801, 5,235,081, 5,157,137, 10 5,103,031 andEP-A-O 561 476, EP-Bl-O 279 586, EP-A-O 594-218 andWO
94/10180, all of which are fully incorporated herein by reference.
The amount of metallocene added to the alumoxane solution may vary widely but preferably the molar ratio of the all Imin~lm of the alumoxane to thetransition metal ofthe metallocene is preferably in the range offrom about 1000:1 to about 10:1, preferably about 500:1 to about 25:1, even more preferably about 200:1 to about 50:1 and most preferably about 150:1 to about 50:1.
The metallocene may be added as a solution in an aromatic solvent such as 20 toluene or as a solid at any temperature. Preferably the mixture is stirred thoroughly until all solids are dissolved.
Any metallocene may be used in the practice of the invention.
Metallocenes are typically those bulky ligand transition metal compounds derivable 25 from the formula:
[L]mM[A]n where L is a bulky ligand; A is leaving group, M is a transition metal and m and n are such that the total ligand valency corresponds to the transition metal valency.
Preferably the catalyst is four co-ordinate such that the compound is ionizable to a 30 1+ charge state.
The ligands L and A may be bridged to each other, and if two ligands L
and/or A are present, they may be bridged. The metallocene compound may be full-sandwich compounds having two or more ligands L which may be 35 cyclopentadienyl ligands or cyclopentadiene derived ligands or half-sandwich .~ NDED Sl!EE~
. CA 0222~493 1998-02-OS
-5- ; ~ .
compounds having one ligand L, which is a cyclopentadienyl ligand or derived ligand.
Metallocene compounds generally contain a multiplicity of bonded atoms, 5 preferably carbon atoms, and typically contain a cyclic structure such as, for example, a cyclopentadienyl ligand, substituted or unsubstituted, or cyclopentadienyl derived ligand or any other ligand capable of 1l-S bonding to the transition metal atom. One or more bulky ligands may be ~-bonded to the transition metal atom. The transition metal atom may be a Group 4, S or 6 10 transition metal and/or a metal from the l~nth~nide and actinide series. Other ligands may be bonded to the transition metal, such as a leaving group, such as but not limited to hydrocarbyl, hydrogen or any other univalent anionic ligand.. Non-limiting examples of metallocene components and catalyst systems are discussed in for example, U.S. Patent Nos. 4,530,914, 4,952,716, 5,124,418, 4,808,561, 4,897,455, 5,278,119, 5,304,614 each of which is herein fully incorporated by reference. Also, the disclosures of EP-A- 0129,368, EP-A-0520732, EP-A-0420436, WO 91/04257 WO 92/00333, WO 93iO8221, and WO 93/08199 are each fully incorporated herein by reference.
The development of metallocene catalyst systems in the art for the polymerization of alpha olefins is illustrated in the disclosures of U.S. Patent No.
4,871,705 to Hoel, U.S. Patent No. 4,937,299 to Ewen, et al., 5,324,800 and EP-A-0 129 368 published July 26, 1989, and U.S. Patent Nos. 5,017,714 and 5,120,867 to Welborn, Jr. each of which is fully incorporated herein by reference.
Further, the metallocene catalyst componént of the invention can be a monocyclopentadienyl heteroatom cont~ining compound. This heteroatom is activated by either an alumoxane, an ionizing activator, a Lewis acid or a combination thereof to forrn an active polymerization catalyst system. These types of catalyst systems are described in, for example, PCT International PublicationWO 92/00333, WO 94/07928, and WO 91/ 04257, WO 94/03506, U.S. Patent Nos. 5,057,475, 5,096,867, 5,055,438, 5,198,401, 5,227,440 and 5,264,405 and EP-A-0 420 436, all of which are fully incorporated herein by reference. In addition, the metallocene catalysts useful in this invention can include non-cyclopentadienyl catalyst components, or ancillary ligands such as boroles or carbollides in combination with a transition metal.
Ni~ S~
~ - CA 0222~493 1998-02-0~
- 6- , . ' . ' The preferred transition metal component of the catalyst system of the invention are those of Group 4, particularly, zirconium, titanium and h~ lm The transition metal may be in any oxidation state, preferably +3 or +4 or a mixture5 thereof. All the catalyst systems of the invention may be, optionally, prepolymerized or used in conjunction with an additive or scavenging component to enhance catalytic productivity, see for example PCT publication WO 94/07927 incorporated herein by reference.
In one embodiment the metallocene catalyst component is represented by the general formula (Cp)mMeRnR'p wherein at least one Cp is an unsubstituted or,preferably, a substituted cyclopentadienyl ring symmetrical or unsymetrically substituted; Me is a Group 4, 5 or 6 transition metal; R and R' are independently selected halogen, hydrocarbyl group, or hydrocarboxyl groups having 1-20 carbon 15 atoms or combinations thereof; m=1-3, n=0-3, p=0-3, and the sum of m+n+p equals the oxidation state of Me.
In another embodiment the metallocene catalyst component is represented by the formulas:
(c5Rlrn)pRlls(csRlm)MeQ3-p-x and R"S(C5R'm)2MeQ' wherein Me is a Group 4, 5, 6 transition metal, at least one CsR'm is a substituted cyclopentadienyl, each R', which can be the same or di~elt;lll is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl or arylalkyl radical having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms or two 25 carbon atoms joined together to form a part of a substituted or unsubstituted ring or rings having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, R" is one or more of or a combination of acarbon, a germ~ni--m, a silicon, a phosphorous or a nitrogen atom cO~ ;llg radical bridging two (CsR'm) rings, or bridging one (CsR'm) ring back to Me, when p = 0 and x = 1 otherwise "x" is always equal to 0, each Q which can be the30 same or di~ele.l~ is an aryl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkylaryl, or arylalkyl radical having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, halogen, or alkoxides, Q' is an alkylidene radical having from 1-20 carbon atoms, s is 0 or 1 and when s is 0, m is 5 and p is 0, 1 or 2 and whensis 1, mis4andpis 1.
Preferred metallocene catalyst components are those selected from the group consisting of bis(cyclopentadienyl) metal dihalides, bis(cyclopentadienyl) AMENDED ~HEET
CA 0222~493 1998-02-0 metal monoalkyl monohalides, bis(cyclopentadienyl) metal dihalides, bis(indenyl)metal dihalides, bis(indenyl) metal dialkyls and their ring-substituted analogs.Preferred metals are those selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Cr and Hf.
Preferred halides are those selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, and F,S with Cl being particularly plc:r~led. Particularly ,vl~re-led metallocenes are those selected from the group consisting of bis(cyclopentadienyl)zirconium dichloride,bis(n-butylcyclopentadienyl)zirconium dichloride, bis(n-butylcyclopentadienyl)zirconium dimethyl, bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)zirconium dichloride, 10 bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)zirconium dimethyl, bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)h~fnillm dichloride, bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)zirconium dimethyl, bis(1-methyl-3- n-butylcyclopentadienyl)zirconium dichloride, bis(1-methyl-3- n-butylcyclopentadienyl)zirconium dimethyl, bis(1-methyl-3- n-15 butylcyclopentadienyl)h~fni~lm dichloride, and bis(1-methyl-3- n-butylcyclopentadienyl)zirconium dimethyl.
After the stabilized alumoxane is aged, it may be used in at least one of two ways. First, the alumoxane may be used directly as an active catalyst system.
20 Second, additional metallocene may be added to the aged alumoxane before use as an active catalyst system. If additional metallocene catalyst component is added, preferably, the metallocene and aged alumoxane are combined first prior to charging to the polymerization reactor. It is also preferable to combine the metallocene(s) and aged alumoxane with a support material prior to charging to 25 the reactor. The metallocene may be applied to the support before application of the aged all-mo~ne or, conversely, the aged alumoxane may be applied first to the support followed by the metallocene. Alternatively, and preferably, the metallocene and aged alumoxane are combined first then applied to the support material.
The mole ratio ofthe alllminllm ofthe aged alumoxane component to the total of the metallocene component(s) is preferably in the range of ratios between 0.3: 1 to 1000: 1, preferably 20: 1 to 800: 1, and most preferably 50: 1 to 500: 1.
Examples of supporting the catalyst system used in the invention are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,937,217, 4,912,075, 4,935,397, 4,937,301, ~ AMENDED SHEET
CA 0222=,493 1998-02-0=, 4,914,253, 5,008,228, 5,086,025, 5,147,949, 4,808,561, 4,897,455, 4,701,432, 5,238,892, 5,240,894, 5,332,706 and PCT Publication WO 93/11172, all of which are herein incorporated by reference.
S The catalyst system of this invention is suited for the polymerization of monomers, optionally with at least one comonomer in any polymerization or prepolymerization process, gas, slurry or solution phase or a high pressure autoclave process. In the preferred embodiment a gas phase or slurry phase process is utilized.
Typically in a gas phase polymerization process a continuous cycle is employed wherein one part of the cycle of a reactor, a cycling gas stream, otherwise known as a recycle stream or fluidizing medium, is heated in the reactor by the heat of polymerization. The recycle stream usually contains one or more monomers continuously cycled through a fluidized bed in the presence of a catalyst under reactive conditions. This heat is removed in another part of the process by a cooling system external to the reactor. The recycle stream is withdrawn from thefluidized bed, cooled, and recycled back into the reactor. Simlllt~neously, polymer product is withdrawn from the reactor and new or fresh monomer and catalyst is added to replace the polymerized monomer and consumed catalyst. See for example U.S. Patent Nos. 4,543,399, 4,588,790, 5,028,670, 5,382,638 and 5,352,749, 5,405,922, and PCT patent application WO 94/28032 published December 8, 1994 all of which are fully incorporated herein by reference.
In one embodiment, the invention is directed toward a polymerization process involving the polymerization of one or more of the monomer(s) including ethylene alone or in combination with one or more linear or branched monomer(s) having from 3 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 12 carbon atoms. The process is particularly well suited for copolymerization reactions involving the polymerization of ethylene in combination with one or more monomers such as propylene, butene-1, pentene-1, 4-methylpentene-1, hexene-1, octene-l, decene-1,styrene and cyclic and polycyclic olefins such as cyclopentene, norbornene and cyclohexene or a combination thereo~ Other monomers for use with ethylene may include polar vinyl monomers, diolefins such as 1,4-pentadiene, 1,4-hexadiene, 1,5-hexadiene, norbornene, norbornadiene, and other unsaturated monomers including acetylene, 1-alkynes and aldehyde monomers. Higher alpha-olefins and polyenes ,_ AMENDED SHEE~
CA 0222~493 1998-02-0~
_ 9_ ................. . .
or macromers may be used also. Preferably the comonomer is an alpha-olefin having from 3 to 15 carbon atoms, preferably 4 to 12 carbon atoms and most preferably 4 to 10 carbon atoms.
S In another embodiment ethylene is polymerized with at least two different comonomers to form a terpolymer and the like, the pr~relled comonomers are a combination of alpha-olefin monomers having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 to 8 carbon atoms, optionally with at least one diene monomer. The p,e~e~.ed terpolymers include the combinations such as ethylene/butene-1/hexene-1, ethylene/propylene/butene- 1, ethylene/propylene/hexene- 1, ethylene/propylene/norbornadiene, ethylene/propylene/1,4-hexadiene and the like.
In one embodiment a scavenger may be used, however, in another plerelled embodiment, the process of the invention does not require a scavenger, non-limiting examples of scavenger compounds include for example, triethylal~-minl-m(TEAL), trimethyl~lllminllm (TMAL), tri-isobuty~ minllm (TIBAL), tri-n-hexyl~lllminllm (TNHAL), diethyl ~IIlminllm chloride (DEAC) and the like.
In another embodiment of the process of the invention an inert hydrocarbon component or ~nti.ct~tic agent as described in U.S. Patent No. 5,238,278 can be introduced into the reactor together, separately or apart, from the catalyst system of the invention.
A slurry polymerization process generally involves pressures in the range of about 1 to about 500 atmospheres (50,650. k/Pa) or even greater and temperaturesin the range of-60~C to about 280~C. In a slurry polymerization, a suspension ofsolid, particulate polymer is formed in a liquid polymerization medium to which ethylene and comonomers and often hydrogen along with catalyst are added. The liquid employed in the polymerization medium can be alkane or cycloalkane, or anaromatic hydrocarbon such as toluene, isobutylene, ethylbenzene or xylene. The medium employed should be liquid under the conditions of polymerization and relatively inert. Preferably, hexane or isobutane is employed. A non-limiting example of a slurry process can be found in PCT Publication WO 94/21691, published September 29, 1994 which is herein fully incorporated by reference.
Examples - AMENDED SHEET
CA 0222~493 1998-02-0~
.' '.,' ' ..-In order to provide a better understanding of the present invention including representative advantages thereof, the following examples are offered.
5 Effect of Gel Formation on Catalyst Performance Compal~live Example 1.
16 cm3 of toluene was added to Sg of silica (Davison 948, 70~L average particle size, sieved to remove the fraction greater than 75,u, calcined at 600~C
under a nitrogen atmosphere. While stirring, 6.64 cm3 of a 30 wt. % solution of methylalumoxane (~LAO) (Albemarle Corp.) was added to the silica and the mixture was stirred for one hour. The MAO had been aged for six months and it was gelatinous in nature. It was therefore necessary to vigorously shake and stir 15 the MAO solution to transfer it to the silica. Metallocene (1-methyl-3- n-butyl cyclopentadienyl)2ZrCl2 (0.144 g in 2cm3 of toluene) was added to the silica/MAO slurry and mixed for an additional hour. The mixture was then dried at 75~ with a nitrogen purge and evaluated in an isobutane slurry batch polymerization reactor under the following conditions.
In a clean nitrogen purged 1.2 liter autoclave 800cm3 of dry and oxygen-free isobutane was added followed by the addition of 0.3 cm3. of a 1.25 molar solution of TEAL in hexane. While stirring, 60cm3 of 1-hexene was added and the mixture was heated to 85~C. lOOmg of the catalyst system prepared above was 25 added to the reactor via an ethylene injector port and the total pressure wasadjusted and m~int~ined at 325 psi [22.1 atm. (2,238.73 k/Pa) ] on d~m~n-l Polymerization was allowed to proceed for 40 minlltes and was monitored by the ethylene uptake curve. Polymerization was termin~ted by interrupting the heat and quickly venting the contents of the reactor. The polymer was recovered and dried30 overnight in a vacuum oven and then weighed.
Comparative Example 2.
The catalyst system was prepared as in Example 1 except that the silica 35 used was Davison 50,u average particle size. The polymerization conditions were as in Example 1.
- AME~DED SHEET
CA 0222~i493 1998-02-O~i --1 1-- _ , ~
- r ~
Comparative Example 3.
The catalyst system was prepared as in Example 1 except the MAO used 5 was fresh, clear and non-gelatinous in nature. The polymerization conditions were as in Example l.
Comparative Example 4.
The catalyst system was prepared as in Example 2 except the MAO used was fresh and was clear and non-gelatinous in nature. The polymerization conditions were as in Example l.
The results of the polymerizations are reported in Table 1 below. Fouling 15 index is measured on a scale from 0-6 with 6 being the highest amount of fouling.
A fouling index of 0 indicates that the reactor was completely clean with no evidence of polymer build-up. A fouling index of 6 indicates that the reactor was fouled to the extent that polymer sheets covered the walls and agitator.
Table 1 Example #Silica APS (~) MAO Yield (g) Activity Fouling (glg/cat h) Inde~2 Comp. 1 30-75' 6 mo. old 116 1740 4.0 Comp. 2 50 6. mo. old 110 1650 6.0 Comp. 3 30_75l fresh 137 2055 1.5 Comp. 4 50 fresh 142 2115 1.5 (1) D~vison 948 (70~L) silica sieved to remove fra~tion > 75~L
(2) Sc~le of 0-6, 6 indic3ting the highest amount of fouling in the reactor.
These results show that gel-cont~inin~ MAO leads to low catalyst activity and increased fouling.
Comparative Example 5 A 30 wt. % MAO solution in toluene (Ablemarle Corp. - about 1 week old) was observed over a period of 6 months and the results are summarized below in Table 2.
~-, AMENDED SHEET
CA 0222~493 1998-02-0~
-12- . . . ... ......
Example 6 ..
67.5 cm3 of a clear, freshly prepared 30 wt. % MAO (Albemarle Corp.) solution in toluene was stirred in 92.5 cm3 of toluene. To this was added 1.45 g of bis(1,3 methyl n-butylcyclopentadienyl)zirconium dichloride in 15 cm3 oftoluene.This solution was stirred for 30 minl~tes. The resulting metallocene solution contained 20 wt. % bis(1-methyl-3-n-butylcyclopentadienyl)zirconium dichloride.
The final MAO/metallocene solution was observed over a period of 12 months and the results are summarized below in Table 2.
Table 2 E~ample #Initial Appearance Aging TimeFinal Appearance Comp. 5 colorless/clear 7 days white precipitate easily d spersf~d 1 month 30 vo % ge 3 montns 60 vo % ge.
6 montns 75-100 vol% gel 6 brownish/yellow- 7 days brownish/yellow-clear clear clear 1 month brownish/yellow-clear 12 monthsprecipitate easily dispersed Example 7 MAO was combined with bis(1-methyl-3-n-butylcyclopentadienyl)zirconium dichloride as described in Example 6. This MAO
solution was allowed to age for 1 month. To 17.5cm3 ofthis MAO was added 5g of silica (Davison, dehydrated at 600~C). 2.5cm3 of toluene was added to the mixture with vigorous stirring followed by the addition of 0.036 g of the antistatic agent AS-990 RN(CH2CH20H)2 dissolved in 2 cm3 of toluene. The catalyst system was residue dried at 75~C with a nitrogen purge until it was free flowing.
The catalyst system was then used in polymerization as described in Example 1.
The results are reported in Table 3.
'- AMENDED SHEET
=~
- CA 02225493 l998-02-05 --13-- . ..................... , , Example 8 . .
A catalyst system was prepared as in example 7 except that the MAO
5 solution was allowed to age for 2 months. Polymerization conditions were as described in Example 1. The results are reported in Table 3.
Table 3 Example Aging Time Yield (g) Activity Fouling Index (g/glcat hr) control none 135 2025 0.5 7 1 month 128 1920 0.5 8 2 months 138 2070 0.5 10 ( I ) Sc~ le of 0-6, 6 indicating the higbest a[nount of fouling in the reactor.
The above results indicate that metallocene stabilized MAO may be aged up to two months without a compromise in catalyst activity and without any increase in fouling tendency.
:: AMENDED SHtET
In one embodiment the metallocene catalyst component is represented by the general formula (Cp)mMeRnR'p wherein at least one Cp is an unsubstituted or,preferably, a substituted cyclopentadienyl ring symmetrical or unsymetrically substituted; Me is a Group 4, 5 or 6 transition metal; R and R' are independently selected halogen, hydrocarbyl group, or hydrocarboxyl groups having 1-20 carbon 15 atoms or combinations thereof; m=1-3, n=0-3, p=0-3, and the sum of m+n+p equals the oxidation state of Me.
In another embodiment the metallocene catalyst component is represented by the formulas:
(c5Rlrn)pRlls(csRlm)MeQ3-p-x and R"S(C5R'm)2MeQ' wherein Me is a Group 4, 5, 6 transition metal, at least one CsR'm is a substituted cyclopentadienyl, each R', which can be the same or di~elt;lll is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl or arylalkyl radical having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms or two 25 carbon atoms joined together to form a part of a substituted or unsubstituted ring or rings having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, R" is one or more of or a combination of acarbon, a germ~ni--m, a silicon, a phosphorous or a nitrogen atom cO~ ;llg radical bridging two (CsR'm) rings, or bridging one (CsR'm) ring back to Me, when p = 0 and x = 1 otherwise "x" is always equal to 0, each Q which can be the30 same or di~ele.l~ is an aryl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkylaryl, or arylalkyl radical having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, halogen, or alkoxides, Q' is an alkylidene radical having from 1-20 carbon atoms, s is 0 or 1 and when s is 0, m is 5 and p is 0, 1 or 2 and whensis 1, mis4andpis 1.
Preferred metallocene catalyst components are those selected from the group consisting of bis(cyclopentadienyl) metal dihalides, bis(cyclopentadienyl) AMENDED ~HEET
CA 0222~493 1998-02-0 metal monoalkyl monohalides, bis(cyclopentadienyl) metal dihalides, bis(indenyl)metal dihalides, bis(indenyl) metal dialkyls and their ring-substituted analogs.Preferred metals are those selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Cr and Hf.
Preferred halides are those selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, and F,S with Cl being particularly plc:r~led. Particularly ,vl~re-led metallocenes are those selected from the group consisting of bis(cyclopentadienyl)zirconium dichloride,bis(n-butylcyclopentadienyl)zirconium dichloride, bis(n-butylcyclopentadienyl)zirconium dimethyl, bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)zirconium dichloride, 10 bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)zirconium dimethyl, bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)h~fnillm dichloride, bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)zirconium dimethyl, bis(1-methyl-3- n-butylcyclopentadienyl)zirconium dichloride, bis(1-methyl-3- n-butylcyclopentadienyl)zirconium dimethyl, bis(1-methyl-3- n-15 butylcyclopentadienyl)h~fni~lm dichloride, and bis(1-methyl-3- n-butylcyclopentadienyl)zirconium dimethyl.
After the stabilized alumoxane is aged, it may be used in at least one of two ways. First, the alumoxane may be used directly as an active catalyst system.
20 Second, additional metallocene may be added to the aged alumoxane before use as an active catalyst system. If additional metallocene catalyst component is added, preferably, the metallocene and aged alumoxane are combined first prior to charging to the polymerization reactor. It is also preferable to combine the metallocene(s) and aged alumoxane with a support material prior to charging to 25 the reactor. The metallocene may be applied to the support before application of the aged all-mo~ne or, conversely, the aged alumoxane may be applied first to the support followed by the metallocene. Alternatively, and preferably, the metallocene and aged alumoxane are combined first then applied to the support material.
The mole ratio ofthe alllminllm ofthe aged alumoxane component to the total of the metallocene component(s) is preferably in the range of ratios between 0.3: 1 to 1000: 1, preferably 20: 1 to 800: 1, and most preferably 50: 1 to 500: 1.
Examples of supporting the catalyst system used in the invention are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,937,217, 4,912,075, 4,935,397, 4,937,301, ~ AMENDED SHEET
CA 0222=,493 1998-02-0=, 4,914,253, 5,008,228, 5,086,025, 5,147,949, 4,808,561, 4,897,455, 4,701,432, 5,238,892, 5,240,894, 5,332,706 and PCT Publication WO 93/11172, all of which are herein incorporated by reference.
S The catalyst system of this invention is suited for the polymerization of monomers, optionally with at least one comonomer in any polymerization or prepolymerization process, gas, slurry or solution phase or a high pressure autoclave process. In the preferred embodiment a gas phase or slurry phase process is utilized.
Typically in a gas phase polymerization process a continuous cycle is employed wherein one part of the cycle of a reactor, a cycling gas stream, otherwise known as a recycle stream or fluidizing medium, is heated in the reactor by the heat of polymerization. The recycle stream usually contains one or more monomers continuously cycled through a fluidized bed in the presence of a catalyst under reactive conditions. This heat is removed in another part of the process by a cooling system external to the reactor. The recycle stream is withdrawn from thefluidized bed, cooled, and recycled back into the reactor. Simlllt~neously, polymer product is withdrawn from the reactor and new or fresh monomer and catalyst is added to replace the polymerized monomer and consumed catalyst. See for example U.S. Patent Nos. 4,543,399, 4,588,790, 5,028,670, 5,382,638 and 5,352,749, 5,405,922, and PCT patent application WO 94/28032 published December 8, 1994 all of which are fully incorporated herein by reference.
In one embodiment, the invention is directed toward a polymerization process involving the polymerization of one or more of the monomer(s) including ethylene alone or in combination with one or more linear or branched monomer(s) having from 3 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 12 carbon atoms. The process is particularly well suited for copolymerization reactions involving the polymerization of ethylene in combination with one or more monomers such as propylene, butene-1, pentene-1, 4-methylpentene-1, hexene-1, octene-l, decene-1,styrene and cyclic and polycyclic olefins such as cyclopentene, norbornene and cyclohexene or a combination thereo~ Other monomers for use with ethylene may include polar vinyl monomers, diolefins such as 1,4-pentadiene, 1,4-hexadiene, 1,5-hexadiene, norbornene, norbornadiene, and other unsaturated monomers including acetylene, 1-alkynes and aldehyde monomers. Higher alpha-olefins and polyenes ,_ AMENDED SHEE~
CA 0222~493 1998-02-0~
_ 9_ ................. . .
or macromers may be used also. Preferably the comonomer is an alpha-olefin having from 3 to 15 carbon atoms, preferably 4 to 12 carbon atoms and most preferably 4 to 10 carbon atoms.
S In another embodiment ethylene is polymerized with at least two different comonomers to form a terpolymer and the like, the pr~relled comonomers are a combination of alpha-olefin monomers having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 to 8 carbon atoms, optionally with at least one diene monomer. The p,e~e~.ed terpolymers include the combinations such as ethylene/butene-1/hexene-1, ethylene/propylene/butene- 1, ethylene/propylene/hexene- 1, ethylene/propylene/norbornadiene, ethylene/propylene/1,4-hexadiene and the like.
In one embodiment a scavenger may be used, however, in another plerelled embodiment, the process of the invention does not require a scavenger, non-limiting examples of scavenger compounds include for example, triethylal~-minl-m(TEAL), trimethyl~lllminllm (TMAL), tri-isobuty~ minllm (TIBAL), tri-n-hexyl~lllminllm (TNHAL), diethyl ~IIlminllm chloride (DEAC) and the like.
In another embodiment of the process of the invention an inert hydrocarbon component or ~nti.ct~tic agent as described in U.S. Patent No. 5,238,278 can be introduced into the reactor together, separately or apart, from the catalyst system of the invention.
A slurry polymerization process generally involves pressures in the range of about 1 to about 500 atmospheres (50,650. k/Pa) or even greater and temperaturesin the range of-60~C to about 280~C. In a slurry polymerization, a suspension ofsolid, particulate polymer is formed in a liquid polymerization medium to which ethylene and comonomers and often hydrogen along with catalyst are added. The liquid employed in the polymerization medium can be alkane or cycloalkane, or anaromatic hydrocarbon such as toluene, isobutylene, ethylbenzene or xylene. The medium employed should be liquid under the conditions of polymerization and relatively inert. Preferably, hexane or isobutane is employed. A non-limiting example of a slurry process can be found in PCT Publication WO 94/21691, published September 29, 1994 which is herein fully incorporated by reference.
Examples - AMENDED SHEET
CA 0222~493 1998-02-0~
.' '.,' ' ..-In order to provide a better understanding of the present invention including representative advantages thereof, the following examples are offered.
5 Effect of Gel Formation on Catalyst Performance Compal~live Example 1.
16 cm3 of toluene was added to Sg of silica (Davison 948, 70~L average particle size, sieved to remove the fraction greater than 75,u, calcined at 600~C
under a nitrogen atmosphere. While stirring, 6.64 cm3 of a 30 wt. % solution of methylalumoxane (~LAO) (Albemarle Corp.) was added to the silica and the mixture was stirred for one hour. The MAO had been aged for six months and it was gelatinous in nature. It was therefore necessary to vigorously shake and stir 15 the MAO solution to transfer it to the silica. Metallocene (1-methyl-3- n-butyl cyclopentadienyl)2ZrCl2 (0.144 g in 2cm3 of toluene) was added to the silica/MAO slurry and mixed for an additional hour. The mixture was then dried at 75~ with a nitrogen purge and evaluated in an isobutane slurry batch polymerization reactor under the following conditions.
In a clean nitrogen purged 1.2 liter autoclave 800cm3 of dry and oxygen-free isobutane was added followed by the addition of 0.3 cm3. of a 1.25 molar solution of TEAL in hexane. While stirring, 60cm3 of 1-hexene was added and the mixture was heated to 85~C. lOOmg of the catalyst system prepared above was 25 added to the reactor via an ethylene injector port and the total pressure wasadjusted and m~int~ined at 325 psi [22.1 atm. (2,238.73 k/Pa) ] on d~m~n-l Polymerization was allowed to proceed for 40 minlltes and was monitored by the ethylene uptake curve. Polymerization was termin~ted by interrupting the heat and quickly venting the contents of the reactor. The polymer was recovered and dried30 overnight in a vacuum oven and then weighed.
Comparative Example 2.
The catalyst system was prepared as in Example 1 except that the silica 35 used was Davison 50,u average particle size. The polymerization conditions were as in Example 1.
- AME~DED SHEET
CA 0222~i493 1998-02-O~i --1 1-- _ , ~
- r ~
Comparative Example 3.
The catalyst system was prepared as in Example 1 except the MAO used 5 was fresh, clear and non-gelatinous in nature. The polymerization conditions were as in Example l.
Comparative Example 4.
The catalyst system was prepared as in Example 2 except the MAO used was fresh and was clear and non-gelatinous in nature. The polymerization conditions were as in Example l.
The results of the polymerizations are reported in Table 1 below. Fouling 15 index is measured on a scale from 0-6 with 6 being the highest amount of fouling.
A fouling index of 0 indicates that the reactor was completely clean with no evidence of polymer build-up. A fouling index of 6 indicates that the reactor was fouled to the extent that polymer sheets covered the walls and agitator.
Table 1 Example #Silica APS (~) MAO Yield (g) Activity Fouling (glg/cat h) Inde~2 Comp. 1 30-75' 6 mo. old 116 1740 4.0 Comp. 2 50 6. mo. old 110 1650 6.0 Comp. 3 30_75l fresh 137 2055 1.5 Comp. 4 50 fresh 142 2115 1.5 (1) D~vison 948 (70~L) silica sieved to remove fra~tion > 75~L
(2) Sc~le of 0-6, 6 indic3ting the highest amount of fouling in the reactor.
These results show that gel-cont~inin~ MAO leads to low catalyst activity and increased fouling.
Comparative Example 5 A 30 wt. % MAO solution in toluene (Ablemarle Corp. - about 1 week old) was observed over a period of 6 months and the results are summarized below in Table 2.
~-, AMENDED SHEET
CA 0222~493 1998-02-0~
-12- . . . ... ......
Example 6 ..
67.5 cm3 of a clear, freshly prepared 30 wt. % MAO (Albemarle Corp.) solution in toluene was stirred in 92.5 cm3 of toluene. To this was added 1.45 g of bis(1,3 methyl n-butylcyclopentadienyl)zirconium dichloride in 15 cm3 oftoluene.This solution was stirred for 30 minl~tes. The resulting metallocene solution contained 20 wt. % bis(1-methyl-3-n-butylcyclopentadienyl)zirconium dichloride.
The final MAO/metallocene solution was observed over a period of 12 months and the results are summarized below in Table 2.
Table 2 E~ample #Initial Appearance Aging TimeFinal Appearance Comp. 5 colorless/clear 7 days white precipitate easily d spersf~d 1 month 30 vo % ge 3 montns 60 vo % ge.
6 montns 75-100 vol% gel 6 brownish/yellow- 7 days brownish/yellow-clear clear clear 1 month brownish/yellow-clear 12 monthsprecipitate easily dispersed Example 7 MAO was combined with bis(1-methyl-3-n-butylcyclopentadienyl)zirconium dichloride as described in Example 6. This MAO
solution was allowed to age for 1 month. To 17.5cm3 ofthis MAO was added 5g of silica (Davison, dehydrated at 600~C). 2.5cm3 of toluene was added to the mixture with vigorous stirring followed by the addition of 0.036 g of the antistatic agent AS-990 RN(CH2CH20H)2 dissolved in 2 cm3 of toluene. The catalyst system was residue dried at 75~C with a nitrogen purge until it was free flowing.
The catalyst system was then used in polymerization as described in Example 1.
The results are reported in Table 3.
'- AMENDED SHEET
=~
- CA 02225493 l998-02-05 --13-- . ..................... , , Example 8 . .
A catalyst system was prepared as in example 7 except that the MAO
5 solution was allowed to age for 2 months. Polymerization conditions were as described in Example 1. The results are reported in Table 3.
Table 3 Example Aging Time Yield (g) Activity Fouling Index (g/glcat hr) control none 135 2025 0.5 7 1 month 128 1920 0.5 8 2 months 138 2070 0.5 10 ( I ) Sc~ le of 0-6, 6 indicating the higbest a[nount of fouling in the reactor.
The above results indicate that metallocene stabilized MAO may be aged up to two months without a compromise in catalyst activity and without any increase in fouling tendency.
:: AMENDED SHtET
Claims (13)
1. A method for stabilizing alumoxane, said method comprising the steps of:
(a) combining a metallocene catalyst component with a solution of alumoxane thereby forming a stabilized alumoxane solution; and (b) aging the stabilized alumoxane solution for a time period of at least one month.
(a) combining a metallocene catalyst component with a solution of alumoxane thereby forming a stabilized alumoxane solution; and (b) aging the stabilized alumoxane solution for a time period of at least one month.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the time period is at least two months.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the time period is at least three months.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the time period is in the range of from four to six months.
5. The method of any of the preceding claims wherein the alumoxane is methylalumoxane.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the metallocene is selected from the group consisting of bis(cyclopentadienyl)zirconium dichloride, bis(n-butylcyclopentadienyl)zirconium dichloride, bis(n-butylcyclopen-tadienyl)zirconium dimethyl, bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)zirconium dichloride, bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)zirconium dimethyl, bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)hafnium dichloride, bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)zirconium dimethyl, bis( 1 -methyl-3 -n-butylcyclopentadienyl)zirconium dichloride, bis( 1 -methyl-3-n-butylcyclopentadienyl)zirconium dimethyl, bis(1-methyl-3-n-butylcyclopentadienyl)hafniumm dichloride, and bis(1-methyl-3-n-butylcyclopentadienyl)zirconium dimethyl.
7. The method of any of the preceding claims wherein the alumoxane is fresh.
8. The method of any of the preceding claims wherein the alumoxane is not more than one week old.
9. Stabilized alumoxane prepared by the method of any of the preceding claims.
10. A method for polymerizing olefins comprising contacting the alumoxane of claim 9 with one or more alpha-olefins under polymerization conditions.
11. A method for producing a catalyst system wherein the stabilized alumoxane of claim 9 is combined with an additional amount of metallocene.
12. The method of claim 11 further comprising the step of combining the stabilized alumoxane with porous support material.
13. A method for polymerizing olefins comprising contacting the catalyst system prepared by claims 11 or 12 with olefin monomer(s) under polymerization conditions.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US51337695A | 1995-08-10 | 1995-08-10 | |
| US08/513,376 | 1995-08-10 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2225493A1 true CA2225493A1 (en) | 1997-02-20 |
Family
ID=24043012
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002225493A Abandoned CA2225493A1 (en) | 1995-08-10 | 1996-08-09 | Metallocene stabilized alumoxane |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US6180808B1 (en) |
| EP (2) | EP0843687B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH11510546A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2225493A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69621809T2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2178712T3 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1997006187A1 (en) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1997032906A1 (en) * | 1996-03-04 | 1997-09-12 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Stable metallocene catalyst systems |
| US7919561B2 (en) * | 1996-09-04 | 2011-04-05 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Process of producing thermoplastic polymer blends |
| US20010047065A1 (en) * | 1999-06-03 | 2001-11-29 | Sun-Chueh Kao | Method for preparing a supported catalyst system and its use in a polymerization process |
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-
1996
- 1996-08-09 JP JP9508695A patent/JPH11510546A/en active Pending
- 1996-08-09 EP EP96928132A patent/EP0843687B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-08-09 EP EP01116662A patent/EP1153937A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-08-09 DE DE69621809T patent/DE69621809T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-08-09 ES ES96928132T patent/ES2178712T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-08-09 CA CA002225493A patent/CA2225493A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-08-09 WO PCT/US1996/013067 patent/WO1997006187A1/en active IP Right Grant
-
1997
- 1997-06-27 US US08/884,426 patent/US6180808B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2000
- 2000-11-20 US US09/716,508 patent/US6413900B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0843687A1 (en) | 1998-05-27 |
| ES2178712T3 (en) | 2003-01-01 |
| US6180808B1 (en) | 2001-01-30 |
| US6413900B1 (en) | 2002-07-02 |
| JPH11510546A (en) | 1999-09-14 |
| EP1153937A3 (en) | 2002-10-16 |
| DE69621809D1 (en) | 2002-07-18 |
| EP0843687B1 (en) | 2002-06-12 |
| WO1997006187A1 (en) | 1997-02-20 |
| DE69621809T2 (en) | 2003-01-09 |
| EP1153937A2 (en) | 2001-11-14 |
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| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |