CA2221634A1 - Chimeric receptors for regulating cellular proliferation and effector function - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention is directed to chimeric proliferation receptors and DNA sequences encoding the proteins. The first group of chimeric proteins comprised of an extracellular clustering domain (ECD), transmembrane domain (TM), proliferation signaling domain (PSD) which can signal a host cell to divide. The second group of chimeric proteins comprised of an intracellular clustering domain (ICD) and a proliferation signaling domain (PSD) which can signal a host cell to divide. The third group of chimeric proteins comprised of an extracellular clustering domain (ECD) or an intracellular clustering domain (ICD), a transmembrane domain (TM), proliferation signaling domain (PSD), and an effector signaling domain which can signal an effector function and a host cell to divide. The invention further relates to expression vectors containing the nucleic acids encoding the chimeric receptors, cells expressing the chimeric receptors and therapeutic methods of using cells expressing the chimeric receptors for the treatment of cancer, infectious disease, and autoimmune diseases.

Description

WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 CHIMERIC RECEPTORS FOR REGULATING CELLULAR PROLIFERATION AND
EFFECTOR FUNCTION

INTRO~UCTION
Technical Field The field of this invention relates to the construction and use of novel chimeric receptor proteins for signaling cellular proliferation and optionally, for signaling cellular e~fector function.
Backaround The production of novel chimeric receptor proteins which initiate signaling in a cell that results in activating a second messenger pathway in response to an inducer binding to the extracellular portion of these receptors is the subject of U.S. Patent ~5,359,046, the entirety o~ which is incorporated herein by reference. These chimeric receptor molecules comprise three domains in a single protein moiety, namely, a cytoplasmic effector function signaling domain, a transmembrane domain and an extracellular inducer binding domain. The cytoplasmic domain and extracellular domain are not naturally associated together. By mixing and matching extracellular domains with a particular type of cytoplasmic domain, one may transduce a particular signal by employing different inducers that bind to different extracellular WO96123881 PCT~S96101292 binding domain receptors. Additionally, these single molecule receptors have the desired characteristics o~ binding inducer and transducing a signal without requiring the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) involvement or antigen presentation. Such characteristics make these chimeric receptors ideal in the development o~ cellular therapies by permitting the directed activity o~ cells selected for a particular e~fector function.

To enhance the above technology, it would be desirable to insure that cells expressing these chimeric receptors with e~ector ~unction are present in the body in su~icient ~uantity for ef~ective cellular therapy or treatment. This requirement may be met by the proliferation o~ the cells expressing the chimeric effector function receptor at the site where they would be most advantageous.

The present invention provides a strategy that consists of ~urther engineering cells, including those expressing chimeric effector function receptors such that they are capable o~ proliferating in the body in an inducer molecule driven fashion and, in addition, may be growth factor independent.

There is also a general need in the field for a variety of therapeutic cells to proliferate in vivo either when they have homed to or are transplanted to the proper site or in response to an administered inducer~molecule. The present invention provides a method to direct cell proliferation in this manner.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Methods involving recombinant DNA technology and recombinant protein expression are provided ~or the production and expression of novel chimeric receptors for regulating CA 0222l634 l997-ll-l9 WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 cellular proliferation and optionally, ~or signaling e~ector ~unction. In one general embodiment, the novel chimeric proliferation receptor proteins comprise at least an extracellular inducer-responsive clustering domain that binds to an extracellular inducer, a transmembrane dom~; n that crosses the cell membrane, and a cytoplasmic proliferation signaling domain that signals the cell to divide upon the clustering o~ the extracellular d~m~; ns . This novel chimeric proliferation receptor may optionally have an effector function signaling domain between the transmembrane domain and the proliferation signaling domain or it may be attached to the C-terminus of the proli~eration signaling domain. In another general embodiment, the novel chimeric proliferation receptor proteins comprise at least an intracellular inducer-responsive clustering domain that binds to an intracellularinducer, and a cytoplasmic proliferation signaling domain that signals the cell to divide upon the clustering of the intracellular domains. This novel chimeric proli~eration receptor may optionally have an e~ector ~unction signaling domain attached via its N-terminus to the proliferation signaling domain or to the intracellular inducer-responsive clustering domain. Modifications of these receptors include amino acid substitutions or deletions o~ the dom~; n.~, or the additions o~ one or more linker regions between various domains o~ these novel chimeric proli~eration receptors.

The present invention also includes the preparation and expression o~ novel chimeric proli~eration receptor proteins or modifications thereof by transducing into a host cell a DNA
construct comprising a DNA ~ragment or variant thereof encoding the above novel chimeric proliferation receptor(s) ~unctionally attached to regulatory sequences that permit the transcription and translation of the structural gene and expression in the host cell containing the DNA construct of interest.

WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 The present invention ~urther includes DNA ~ragments and variants thereo~ encoding the novel chimeric proli~eration receptors including the expression vectors comprising the above DNA ~ragments or variants thereof, host cells transduced with the above expression vectors and methods of using the novel chimeric proli~eration receptors to regulate cell growth or as therapeutics ~or treating cancer and in~ectious diseases.

PESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Figure l illustrates the structures of the ~h;m~ic proli~eration receptors discussed in the detailed description.

Figure 2 is a listing o~ oligonucleotides (SEQ ID NOS:l-30) as described in the Examples, infra.

Figures 3 (A)-(H) are graphs o~ FACS analysis of CD4-Janus kinase chimeric proli~eration receptor expression in 293 cells, as described in Example l0(B), in~ra. The dotted lines are cells stained with FITC-IgG; the solid lines are cells stained with FITC-anti-CD4. (Fig. 2(A): Mock-trans~ected;
Fig. 2(B) CD4-~; Fig. 2(C) CD4-mJAKl; Fig. 2(D) CD4-~-mJAKli Fig. 2(E) CD4-mJAK2; Fig. 2(F) CD4-~-mJAK2; Fig. 2(G) CD4-mJAK3; Fig. 2(H) CD4-~-mJAK3; Fig. 2(I): CD4-hJAK3; Fig. 2(J) CD4-~-hJAK3; Fig. 2(K): CD4-hTyk2; Fig. 2(L): CD4-~-hTyk2.) Figure 4 is an autoradiogram o~ immunoprecipitations o~
lysates ~rom 293 cells trans~ected with CD4-Janus kinase constructs as described in Example l0(C). (Lanes l & 4: Mock-trans~ected; Lanes 2 & 5: CD4-mJAKl; Lanes 3 & 6: CD4-mJAK3;
Lanes I-3: no antibody and Lanes 4-6: OKT4A antibody.) WO96/23881 PCT~S96101292 Figure 5 illustrates the proliferative signaling activity of CPRs in 3T3 cells, as described in Example 12. The X
axis lists the retroviral constructs used to transduce the 3T3 cells. The Y axis shows the proliferation index, r 5 calculated as the ratio of proliferation in serum-starved 3T3 cells, where the proliferation induced by treatment with the monoclonal OKT4 antibody is divided by the background proliferation induced by the control monoclonal antibody, MOPC141.

~ TAIr,~T) DF:SCRIPTION OF THF'. p~F~RRF.T) F~MRoDTMF~l~Ts As noted above, the present invention generally relates to novel ~h;meric proliferation receptor proteins and DNA
sequences encoding these novel chimeric receptor proteins which may or may not additionally contain an e~ector function signaling domain. The novel chimeric proli~eration receptors (CPRs) provided herein may be further characterized in that the inducer binding domain of the CPR is expressed extracellularly or intracellularly. CPRs may be introduced into cells already expressing a chimeric e~fector ~unction receptor previously as described in U.S. Patent ~5,359,046 or the two receptors may be introduced together and co-expressed in the same cell. In this aspect, the CPR containing cells of the present invention have the distinct advantage of speci~ic expansion in response to a speci~ic inducer molecule that may simultaneously stimulate ef~ector function in the same expanded cell population Alternatively, CPRs of the present invention may be introduced into cells without a chimeric e~ector function receptor, to allow them to proliferate in vivo. Further aspects of the present invention will be discussed in detail below following a definition of terms employed herein.
Definitions: - -The term ~'extracellular inducer-responsive clustering domain-- or "ECD" re~ers to the portion of a protein o~ the present invention which is outside of the plasma membrane o~ a cell and binds to at least one extracellular inducer molecule as defined below. The ECD may include the entire extracytoplasmic portion o~ a transmembrane protein, a cell surface or membrane associated protein, a secreted protein, a cell surface targeting protein, a cell adhesion molecule, or a normally intracytoplasmic ligand-binding domain, and truncated or modified portions thereo~. In addition, after binding one WO96/23881 PCT~S96101292 or more inducer molecule(s), the ECDs will become associated with each other by dimerization or oligomerization, i.e., "cluster".

The term "intracellular inducer-responsive clustering domain" or "ICD" refers to the portion of a protein which is inside o~ the plasma membrane of a cell, that binds to at least one intracellular inducer molecule as defined below.
A~ter binding one or more inducer molecule(s), the ICDs will become associated with each other by dimerization or oligomerization, i.e., "cluster".

The term "proliferation signaling domain" or "PSD" re~ers to a protein domain which signals the cell to enter mitosis and begin cell growth. Examples include the human or mouse Janus kinases, including but not limited to, JAKl, JAK2, JAK3, Tyk2, Ptk-2, homologous members of the Janus kinase family ~rom other m~m~l ian or eukaryotic species, the IL-2 receptor ~ and/or y c~;n.~ and other subunits from the cytokine receptor superfamily o~ proteins that may interact with the Janus kinase ~amily o~ proteins to transduce a signal, or portions, modi~ications or combinations thereo~.

The term "transmembrane domain~ or ~'TM" re~ers to the domain of the protein which crosses the plasma membrane and is derived ~rom the inducer-binding ECD domain, the ef~ector ~unction signaling domain, the proliferation signaling domain or a domain associated with a totally di~ferent protein Alternatively, the transmembrane domain may be an artificial hydrophobic amino acid se~uence which spans the plasma membrane.

The term "extracellular inducer molecule" re~ers to a ligand or antigen which binds to and induces the clustering of an ECD as described above or portions or modifications of the f extracellular inducer molecule that are still capable of binding to and inducing the clustering o~ an ECD. To WO96/23881 PCT~S96101292 ~acilitate clustering, the inducer molecule may be intrinsically bivalent or multivalent; or it may be presented to the ECD in a bivalent or multivalent ~orm, eg., on the sur~ace o~ a cell or a virus.
The term "intracellular inducer molecule" re~ers to a natural or synthetic ligand that can be delivered to the cytoplasm o~ a cell, and binds to and induces the clustering o~ an intracellular inducer responsive domain. To ~acilitate clustering, the intracellular inducer molecule may be intrinsically bivalent or multivalent.

The term "chimeric extracellular inducer-responsive proli~eration receptor" or "CEPR" refers to a chimeric receptor that comprises an extracellular inducer responsive clustering domain (ECD), a transmembrane domain and a proli~eration signaling domain (PSD). The ECD and PSD are not naturally ~ound together on a single receptor protein .
Optionally, this ~h;me~ic receptor may also contain an e~ector ~unction signaling ~ ; n as de~ined below.

The term ~chimeric intracellular inducer-responsive proli~eration receptor" or "CIPR" re~ers to a chimeric receptor that comprises an intracellular inducer-responsive clustering domain (ICD) and a proliferation signaling domain (PSD). The ICD and PSD are not naturally ~ound together on a single receptor protein. Optionally, this chimeric receptor may also contain an e~ector ~unction signaling domain as de~ined below.
The term "e~ector ~unction" re~ers to the specialized ~unction o~ a di~ferentiated cell. E~ector ~unction o~ a T
cell, ~or example, may be cytolytic activity or helper activity including the secretion o~ cytokines.
The term "ef~ector ~unction signaling domain" or "EFSD"
re~ers to the portion o~ a protein which transduces the CA 0222l634 1997-ll-l9 WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 ef~ector function signal and directs the cell to per~orm its specialized function. While usually the entire EFSD will be employed, in many cases it will not be necessary to use the entire chain. To the extent that a truncated portion o~ the EFSD may ~ind use, such truncated portion may be used in place o~ the intact chain as long as it still transduces the e~ector ~unction signal. Examples are the ~ chain o~ the T
cell receptor or any o~ its homologs (e.g., ~ chain, Fc~Rl-y and -~ ~h~in.~, MBl chain, B29 chain, etc.), CD3 polypeptides (y, o and ~), syk ~amily tyrosine kinases (Syk, ZAP 70, etc.), the src ~amily tyrosine kinases (Lck, Fyn, Lyn, etc.) and other molecules involved in T cell signal transduction.

The term "chimeric-e~ector ~unction receptor" re~ers to a chimeric receptor that comprises an extracellular domain, transmembrane domain and cytoplasmic domain as described in U.S. Patent #5,359,046 or the EFSD domain as described above.
The extracellular domain serves to bind to an inducer and transmit a signal to the cytoplasmic domain which transduces an e~ector ~unction signal to the cell.

The term "modi~ications" re~ers to an addition o~ one or more amino acids to either or both o~ the C- and N-t~m;n~l ends o~ the intracellular and extracellular inducer molecules (in the case where these are proteins) or, the ECDs, ICDs, PSDs, EFSDs, or TMs, a substitution o~ one or more amino acids at one or more sites throughout these proteins, a deletion o~
one or more am~ino acids within or at either or both ends o~
these proteins, or an insertion o~ one or more amino acids at one or more sites in these proteins such that the inducer molecule binding to the ICD or the ECD is retained or improved as measured by binding assays known in the art, ~or example, Scatchard plots, or such that the PSD, EFSD or TM domain activities are retained or improved as measured by one or more of the proli~eration assays described below. In addition, _g _ CA 0222l634 l997-ll-l9 modifications can be made to the intracellular and extracellular inducer molecules and to the corresponding ICDs and ECDs to create an improved receptor-ligand binding pair.

The term "variant" refers to a DNA fragment encoding an intracellular or extracellular inducer molecule, or an ECD, ICD, PSD, EFSD or TM domain that may further contain an addition of one or more nucleotides internally or at the 5' or 3' end of the DNA fragment, a deletion of one or more nucleotides internally or at the 5' or 3' end o~ the DNA
fragment or a substitution of one or more nucleotides internally or at the 5' or 3' end of the DNA fragment such that the inducer molecule binding to the ICD or the ECD is retained or improved as measured by binding assays known in the art, for example, Scatchard plots, or such that the PSD, EFSD or TM domain activities are retained or improved as measured by one or more o~ the proliferation assays described below. In addition, modifications can be made to the intracellular and extracellular inducer molecules and to the corresponding ICDs and ECDs to create an improved receptor-ligand binding pair.

The term "linker" or "linker region" re~ers to an oligo-or polypeptide region of from about 1 to 30 amino acids that links together any of the above described domains of the chimeric proliferation receptors defined above. The amino acid sequence is not derived from the ICDS, ECDs, EFSDs, PSDs, or TM domains. Examples of linker regions are linker 212 and linker 205 as referenced in Betzyk et al., J. Biol Chem , 265:18615-18620 (1990) and Gruber et al., J Immunol 2 152:5368-5374 (1994) respectively.

In its general embodiments, the present invention relates to novel chimeric proliferation receptors, nucleic acid sequences encoding the receptors, the vectors containing the nucleic acid sequences encoding the receptors, the host cells expressing the receptors, and methods of using of the CA 0222l634 l997-ll-l9 WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 receptors in regulating cell growth. In one aspect o~ the present invention, a novel chimeric proliferation receptor (CPR) protein is provided containing an inducer-responsive b; n~; ng domain and a proliferation signaling domain that do not naturally exist together as a single receptor protein.
One novel CPR identified herein as "chimeric extracellular inducer responsive proliferation receptor" (abbreviated CEPR) is designed to be expressed in cells, which then proliferate in response to the binding of a specific extracellular inducer molecule. The three d~m~;n.~ that comprise CEPR are: (1) an extracellular inducer-responsive clustering domain (ECD) which serves to bind to a ligand called an extracellular inducer molecule, (2) a transmembrane domain (TM), which crosses the plasma membrane and, (3) a proliferation signaling domain (PSD) that signals the host cell to divide. Optionally, the CEPRs described above may comprise multiple PSDs attached to each other (See Figure l(a)). Each inducer molecule or group of inducer molecules is presented multivalently (eg. more than one inducer molecule in close proximity to each other on a cell surface) to the CEPR. The inducer molecules will thus bind more than one ECD', causing the ECDs to dimerize or oligomerize (i.e. cluster together). This clustering tr~n~m;ts a signal through the transmembrane domain to the proliferation signaling dom~;n.~, which become activated.
The host cells bearing the chimeric proliferation receptors o~ the present invention will expand in number in response to the binding o~ a speci~ic extracellular inducer molecule, to the extracellular inducer-responsive clustering domain (ECD) of the CEPR. These ECDS include but are not limited to the following types of clustering domains: a cell surface or membrane associated molecule (eg, CD4, CD8, etc.), a secreted targeting molecule (eg., Interleukin-14 (IL-14), ~ etc.), a cell surface/secreted targeting molecule (eg, antibody (Ab), single-chain antibody (SAb), antibody fragments, etc.), a cell adhesion molecule (e.g., ICAM, LFA-l, etc.), or portions or modification thereof. In each instance, -11- , WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 the extracellular inducer molecules bind to the extracellular dom~;n~ of the CEPR which results in the dimerization or oligomerization of the extracellular inducer responsive domains and hence, the dimerization or oligomerization (i.e.
"clustering") of the proliferation signaling dom~;n.~ results in the transduction of a signal for cell growth.

I~ the ch;m~ic extracellular inducer-responsive proliferation receptor (CEPR) of the present invention is expressed in host cells already expressing the chimeric effector function receptor of U.S. Patent ~5,359,046 described hereinabove (for example, CD4/zeta chimeric receptor), and binds to the same inducer as the CEPR,, eg. CD4, then these dual chimeric receptor expressing cells will proliferate upon addition of the same inducer that drives effector function, eg. cytotoxicity. Alternatively, the inducer that binds to the extracellular binding domain of the chimeric effector function receptor may differ from.the inducer molecule that binds to the ECD of the CEPR. In this case, one may separate cell growth (proliferation) from effector function in the same cell by stimulating with different inducer molecules.

In another aspect of the present invention, a-novel chimeric proliferation receptor containing the proliferation signaling domain and effector ~unction signaling domain-together in the same protein receptor is provided. In this embodiment, the chimeric receptor comprises the three domains contained in the CEPR and additionally comprises an effector function signaling domain. Thus, the extracellular inducer responsive clustering domain (ECD) of the CEPR is linked via a transmembrane domain to two signal transducing domains. One signal transducing domain mediates the effector function signal while the other signal transducing domain mediates the proliferation signal, (for example, CD4-~-JAKl). Either the proliferation signaling domain or the effector function signaling domain may be linked to the transmembrane domain and is further linked on its 3' end to the second signaling domain CA 0222l634 l997-ll-l9 WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 either directly or through a linker region. Optionally, more than one PSD may be attached directly, or through a linker, to each other to form a CEPR with multiple PSDs (Figure l(b) and (c)). It is contemplated that the preparation o~ this novel chimeric proliferation/effector function chimeric receptor will activate proliferation and effector ~unction simultaneously in a host cell upon the binding of extracellular inducer molecules to the ECD o~ the receptor.

In another embodiment, the present invention relates to a second general category of chimeric proliferation receptors called ~'chimeric intracellular inducer-responsive proliferation receptors" or "CIPRs". Cells constructed to express CIPRs proliferate in response to a speci~ic ligand, called an intracellular inducer molecule. This proliferation receptor contains at least two dom~;n~: (1) an intracellular inducer-responsive clustering domain (ICD) which serves to bind to a ligand called an intracellular inducer molecule, and (2) a proliferation signaling domain (PSD) that signals the cell to divide (as an example, FKBP-JAK1). The two domains comprising a CIPR may be constructed such that either the ICD
or the PSD is at the N-terminus o~ the CIPR. A linker region such as linker 212 (Betzyk et al., ~ siol Chem 265:18615-18620 (1990)) may also be inserted between the two domains that comprise CIPRs. Each inducer molecule binds two or more ICDs, causing-~them to dimerize or oligomerize (i.e. cluster together) This clustering o~ the ICDs causes the proli~eration signaling domains to become activated. A
transmembrane domain is not re~uired but may be used in the construction of these novel intracellular proli~eration receptors. Optionally, a myristylation-targeting domain may be linked to the N-terminus o~ the ICD or the PSD to allow for membrane association (Cross et al., Mol. Cell. Biol., 4:1834-- 1842 (1984), Spencer et al, Science 262:1019-1024 (1993)). An additional option may be to construct a CIPR with more than one PSD attached directly, or through a linker, to each other (Figure l(d) and (e). CIPRs may be used in any host cell type WO96/23881 PCT~S96101292 ~or which there is a desire ~or regulated expansion of a therapeutic cell such as in transplantation therapy, as described ;nfra.

The host cells bearing CIPRs of the present invention will expand in number upon binding of an intracellular inducer molecule to the intracellular inducer-responsive clustering domain (ICD) of the CIPR. These inducer molecules include but are not limited to the ~ollowing ligands: natural or synthetic ligands that bind to and induce the clustering of an intracellular inducer responsive domain such as immunophilins (e.g., FKBP), cyclophilins, and steroid receptors.

The CIPRs of the present invention may also be expressed in host cells previously engineered with the chimeric e~ector function receptor described hereinabove. Upon addition o~ an extracellular inducer molecule and an intracellular inducer molecule, these cells will activate the effector function (provided by signaling through the chimeric e~ector ~unction receptor) and divide (provided by signaling through the CIPR).
Alternatively, the inducer that binds to the extracellular binding domain of the chimeric effector ~unction receptor may be the same inducer as the one that binds to the ICD of the CIPR if the inducer is a intracellular inducer molecule which can be=delivered to the cytoplasm o~ the host celi. In this situation, cell growth and e~ector ~unction would be activated simultaneously in the same cell upon presentation o~
the intracellular inducer molecule.

In another aspect of the present invention, a novel chimeric protein receptor containing a proli~eration signaling domain and e~fector signaling domain is provided together in the same intracellular inducer-responsive receptor (Figure l(~) through (k)). In this embodiment, a hybrid receptor is constructed as one protein comprising the two domains described in the CIPR of the present invention, and S
additionally comprising an effector function signaling domain WO 96/23881 PCTIUS961012g2 (EFSD) . Thus, the intracellular inducer responsive clustering domain (ICD) is directly connected to the proliferation signaling domain (PSD) which in turn is directly attached to an effector function signaling domain (Figure l(f)).
Alternatively, the ICD may be directly connected to an e~ector function signaling domain which in turn is directly connected to a proliferation signaling ~om~;n (Figure l(g)).
In yet another conformation of the present embodiment, either the EFSD or the PSD may be associated with the membrane via a myristylation domain or a TM domain, ~or example. The EFSD or the PSD is attached at its C terminus to a PSD or EFSD, respectively, which in turn is attached at its C terminus to one or more ICDs (Figure l(h) and (i)). In addition, CIPR
proli~eration/e~fector ~unction receptors may be constructed by linking together the ~ollowing domains (N to C terminal): a membrane-associated PSD or EFSD, ~ollowed by one or more ICDs, followed by the EFSD or PSD domain, respectively, (Figure 1(~) and (k)). It is also possible to separate one or more domains from each other in the hybrid proliferation/e~fector receptors o~ the present embodiments with a linker region such as linker 205 (Gruber et al, J. Immunol., 152:5368-5374 (1994)). Upon introduction o~ these novel hybrid chimeric proliferation/
ef~ector function receptors into cells, one may modulate the signaling of a proliferative response and ef~ector functional response by the addition of one or more intracellular inducer molecules.

In yet another aspect o~ the present invention, a novel hybrid chimeric proliferation receptor containing an extracellular inducer-responsive clustering domain (ECD), an intracellular inducer-responsive clustering domain (ICD), and a proliferation signaling domain (PSD) is provided together in the same receptor protein. In this embodiment, a hybrid - inducer binding receptor is constructed as one protein comprising in the N-terminal to C-terminal direction an ECD, t transmembrane domain, an ICD and a proliferation signaling domain (Figure 1(1)). Alternatively, a hybrid inducer binding CA 0222l634 l997-ll-l9 WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 receptor is constructed as one protein comprising in the N-term;n~l to C-terminal direction an ECD, transmembrane domain, PSD and an ICD (Figure l(m)). In preparing the hybrid inducer binding receptors of the present embodiment, one may separate one or more ~omA; n~ of each receptor with a linker.
Additionally, more than one ICD and PSD may be attached directly or via a linker to each other to form multiple ICDs and PSDs. Upon introduction of these novel hybrid inducer-binding c.h;m~ric proliferation receptors into a host cell, one may modulate proliferation of the cell by either an extracellular inducer, an intracellular inducer or a combination of these two different inducer molecules.

In still another embodiment, the present invention provides a chimeric proliferation receptor described above containing an ECD, TM, ICD and PSD (N- to C-terminal) that additionally contains an effector function signaling domain (EFSD) attached at the N-terminal (Figure l(o)) or C-term;n~l (Figure l(n)) end of the PSD. Multiple ECDs, ICDs and/or PSDs may be used in the construction of the above receptors.
Additional embodiments of hybrid CPRs cont~;n;ng one or more ICD(s) and ECD(s) and one or more PSD(s) and one EFSD are contemplated that comprise the following four conformations (N- to C-terminus): ECD(s), TM, PSD(s), EFSD and ICD(s) (Figure l(p)); ECD, TM, EFSD, PSD and ICD (Figure l(q));
ECD(s), TM, PSD(s), ICD(s) and EFSD (Figure l(r))i and ECD(s), TM, EFSD, ICD(s) and PSD(s) (Figure l(s)). Upon expression of these novel proliferation/effector receptors in a host cell, one may modulate proliferation and effe~ctor signaling by adding either an extracellular inducer, an intracellular inducer or a combination of these two different inducer molecules.

The proliferation signaling domains (PSDs) that comprise the chimeric proliferation receptors (CPRs) of the present CA 0222l634 l997-ll-l9 WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 invention (both CIPRs and CEPRs) may be obtained from the cytoplasmic signal-transducing domains of the cytokine/hematopoietin receptor superfamily. The members of this m~mm~lian receptor superfamily can transduce proliferative signals in a wide variety of cell types. These receptors are structurally related to each other. The cytoplasmic domains of the signal-transducing subunits may contain conserved motifs that are critical for transduction of proliferative signals (Bazan, Curxent Biologv, 3:603-606 tl993)i Boulay and Paul, Current Biology, 3:573-581 (19933;
Wells, Curxent O~inion in Cell ~iolo~y, 6:163-173 (1994)i Sato and Miyajima, Current Opinion in Cell sioloay, 6:174-179 (1994); Stahl and Yancopoulos, Cell, 74:587-590 (1993); M~n~;
et al., Ann. Rev. Immunol., 11:245-267 (1993); Kishimoto et al , Cell, 76:253-262 (1994)). In contrast to the growth factor receptors previously described in chimeric receptors (Schlessinger and Ullrich , Cell, 61:203-212 (1990), Ullrich and Schlessinger, Neuron, 9:383-391 (1992)), the cytoplasmic portions of the cytokine receptor superfamily proteins that comprise the PSDs employed in the present invention do not contain any kinase domains or other se~uences with recognizable catalytic function. Further, although the growth factor receptors described by Ullrich and the cytokine receptors employed in the present invention both dimerize upon binding of inducer, the dimerized growth factor receptors activate their intrinsic receptor kinase activity, while the dimerized cytokine receptors employed in the present invention stimulate the activity of associated tyrosine kinases (Kishimoto et al., Cell, 76:253-262 (1994)). The signal-transducing components of the cytokine receptors to be used inthe PSDs of the present invention include, but are not limited to, Interleukin-2 receptor ~ (IL-2R~), IL-2Ry, IL-3R~, IL-4R, IL-5R~, IL-5R~, IL-6R, IL-6R gpl30, IL-7R, IL-9R, IL-12R, IL-13R, IL-15R, EPO-R (erythropoietin receptor), G-CSFR
'35 (granulocyte colony stimulating factor receptor), GM-CSFR~
(granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor receptor ~), CA 0222l634 l997-ll-l9 WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 GM-CSFR~, LIFR~ (leukemia inhibitory factor receptor ~), GHR
(growth hormone receptor), PRLR (prolactin receptor), CNTFR
(ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor), OSMR (oncostatin M
receptor) IFNR~/~ (interferon ~/~ receptor), IFNRy, TFR
(tissue factor receptor),and TPOR (thrombopoietin or mpl-ligand receptor) (~; n~m; et al., J. Immunol., 152:5680-5690 (1994); Boulay and Paul, Current Bioloay, 3:573-581 (1993);
Wells, Current Opinion in Cell Biology, 6:163-173 (1994)).

The IL-2, IL-3 and IL-6 subfamilies of the above cytokine receptor super~amily, which are active in many different cell types, may supply the PSDs of the CPRs o~ the present invention. The IL-2 receptor subfamily includes, but is not to be limited to, the receptors for IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-13 and IL-15. IL-2R, IL-4R, IL-7R, IL-9R, IL-13R and IL-15R share IL-2Ry, one o~ the signal transducing components of the IL-2R (Noguchi et al., Science, 262:1877-1880 (1993);
Russel et al., Science, 262:1880-1884 (1993); M; n~m; et al., J. Immunol , 152:5680-5690 (1994)). IL-2R and IL-15R share a second transducing component, IL-2R~ (Giri et al., EMBO J , 13:2822-2830 (1994)). These cytokines act on a wide variety of cell types, ~or example, B cells, T cells including LAK cells and thymocytes, NK cells, and oligodendroglial cells (Kishimoto et al., Cell, 76:253-262 (1994)). In addition, high affinity receptors to IL-15 are found on myeloid cells, vascular endothelial cells, and on stromal cells types from bone marrow, fetal liver and thymic epithelium (Giri et al., EM~O J , 13:2822-2830 (1994)). The IL-3 receptor subfamily includes, but is not limited to, the receptors for IL-3, IL-5 and GM-CSF (Sato and Miyajima, Current O~inion in Cell Lioloqy, 6:174-179 (1994)) These cytokine receptors contain a common signal-transducing, or ~ chain which has a large cytoplasmic domain whose membrane proximal region is critical for c-myc induction and proliferative signaling activity (Quelle et al., Mol Cell ~iol., 14:4335-4341 (1994)). This family of cytokines act on overlapping cell types during hematopoiesis including blast cells, granulocytes, macrophages, monocytes and eosinophils (Kishimoto et al., Cell, 76:253-262 (1994)). The IL-6 receptor subfamily includes, but is not limited to, the receptors for IL-6, CNTF, LIF, OSM, IL-11, G-CSFR and IL-12. IL-6R, CNTFR, LIFR and OSMR
have a common signal-transducing chain (gpl30) with a cytoplasmic domain whose membrane proximal region is critical ~or signaling activity (Sato and Miyajima, Current O~inion in Cell Bioloqy, 6:174-179 (1994), Narazaki et al., Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci,, 91:2285-2289 (1994)). These cytokines act on a wide variety of cell types, including ciliary, sympathetic, sensory and motor neurons, embryonic stem cells, control o~
the differentiation of B cells, plasmacytomas, megakaryocytes, myeloid cells, osteoclasts, and hepatocytes (Kishimoto et al., Cell, 76:253-262 (1994)). Other members of the cytokine receptor superfamily which may be a part of the above sub~amilies, or may be members of novel subfamilies include the receptors for EPO, TPO, GH and PRL, which are also ~ound on many cell types (Wells, Current Opinion i~ Cell Bioloay, 6:163-173 (1994), Stahl and Yancopoulos, Cell, 74:587-590 (1993)). The more distantly related IFN~/~ and IFNy receptors, ~ound in most cell types also contain cytoplasmic domains of related structure (Farrar and Schreiber, Annu. Rev.
Immunol., 11:571-611 (1993), Taga and Kishimoto, FASEB J., 6:3387-3396 (1992)).

The proliferation signaling domains employed in constructing the CPRs o~ the present invention may also be obtained from any member of the Janus or JAK eukaryotic ~amily o~ tyrosine kinases, including Tyk2, JAK1, JAK2, JAK3 and Ptk-2. Members o~ the Janus kinase ~amily are ~ound in all cell types. They associate with various signal transducing components of the cytokine receptor superfamily discussed above and respond to the binding of extracellular inducer by the phosphorylation of tyrosines on cytoplasmic substrates (Stahl and Yancopoulos, Cell, 74:587-590 ~1993)). They are CA 0222l634 l997-ll-l9 WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 thus an integral part of the control of cell proliferation in many different kinds of cells. The members of this family are marked by similar multidomain structures and a high degree of sequence conservation. Unigue among tyrosine kinases, the Janus kinase family may have two non-identical tandem kinase-like ~omA;n~, only one of which may have catalytic activity (Firmbach-Kraft et al., Onco~ene, 5:1329-1336 (1990); Wilks et al., Mol. Cell. Biol., 11:2057-2065 (1991); Harpur et al., Oncoaene, 7:1347-1353 (1992)). The Janus kinases used in the present invention, unlike the src kinases, do not have src homology sequences (SH2, SH3) or a consensus sequence for myristylation. Unlike the receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK), the Janus kinases are not membrane proteins and do not contain transmembrane spanning domains (Ullrich and Schlessinger, Neuron, 9:383-391 (1992)). The kinase activity of the Janus kinases is usually activated after the binding of inducers to their associated cytokine family receptors and the oligomerization of the receptors (Stahl and Yancopoulos, Cell, 74:587-590 (1993)). This activation, in turn, triggers the initiation of intracellular signaling cascades.

JAK3 can be employed as a PSD in any of the CPRs of the present invention. Its activation by IL-2 parallels c-myc induction and the onset of DNA synthesis. JAK3 is involved with IL-2, IL-4 and IL-7 induced stimulation of~T, NK and myeloid cells (Witthuhn et al., Nature, 370:153-157 (1994);
Russell et al., Science, 366:1042-1044 (1994); Kawamura et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. sci ., 91:6374-6378 (1994); Miyazaki et al., Science, 266:1045-1047 (1994); Johnston et al., Nat~re, 370:151-153 (1994); Asao et al., FEBS Letters, 351:201-206 (1994), Zeng et al., FEBS Letters, 353:289-293 (1994)). JAK2, a component of growth factor signaling in a wider variety of cells, can also be used in the CPRs of the present invention.
It is activated by EPO, GH, prolactin, IL-3, GM-CSF, G-CSF, IFNy, LIF, OSM, IL-12 and IL-6 (Watling et al., Nature, 366:166-170 (1993); Witthuhn et al., ~1~, 74:227-236 (1993) CA 0222l634 l997-ll-l9 WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 Argetsinger et al., ~Qll, 74:237-244 (1993); Stahl et al., Sc;ence, 263:92-95 (1994); Narazaki et al., Proc. Natl. Acad.
Sci., 91:2285-2289(1994); Quelle et al., Mol. Cell. B;ol., 14:433S-4341 (1994); Silvennoinen et al., Nature, 366:583-585 (1993); Darnell et al., Science, 264:1415-1421 (1994)Campbell et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 91:5232-5236 (1994), Bacon et al., J. Exp. Med., 181:399-404 (1995); (Harpur Oncogene 7:
1347-1353, 1992)). The present invention also contemplates the use of JAKl as a PSD in the present invention. Its activity is also promiscuous, being an integral part o~ IFNR-~, IFNR-y, IL-2R~, IL-6R and CNTFR signaling (Muller et al., Nature, 366:129-135 (1993); Silvennoinen et al., Nature, 366:583-585 (1993); Stahl et al., Science, 263:92-95 (1994), Tanaka et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 91:7271-7275 (1994)).
Tyk2, which may also be employed as a PSD, is involved with IFN-~, IL-6, IL-12, and CNTF induced signaling (Velaz~uez et al., Cell, 70:313-322 (1992)i Silvennoinen et al., Nature, 366:583-585 (1993); Stahl et al., Science, 263:92-95 (1994);
Colamonici et al., J. Biol. Chem., 269:3518-3522 (1994);
Darnell et al., Science, 264:1415-1421 (1994)~ Bacon et al., J. Exp. Med., 181:399-404 (1995)) and is ~ound in both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic tissues (Firmbach-Kraft et al., Onco~ene 5: 1329-1336, 1990). In addition to the Janus kinases described above, a new JAK kinase Ptk-2 has recently been described in embryonic hippocampal neurons (Sanchez et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 91:1819-1823 (1994), and can be used to ~orm the proliferation signaling domain of any o~ the chimeric proli~eration receptor proteins of the present invention.
One may introduce the CPR into cells where the PSD being used is not naturally found in those cells or is part of a pathway which is ordinarily not active in those cells. This ~ unnatural expression of a particular Janus kinase or cytokine receptor subunit may have added utility. For example, i~ the WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 PSDs are more active in this unnatural location, they may be more efficient stimulators of proliferation. Alternatively, if the PSDs are less active in the unnatural location they may be less likely to be constitutively active and thus more responsive to an inducer.

The transmembrane ~om~; n may be contributed by the protein contributing the proliferation signaling portion, the protein contributing the extracellular inducer clustering domain, or by a totally different protein. For the most part it will be convenient to have the transmembrane domain naturally associated with one or the other of the other domains. In some cases it will be desirable to employ the tr~n~m~mhrane domain of the ~, ~ or Fc~Rly ch~;n~ or related proteins which contain a cysteine residue capable of disulfide bonding, so that the resulting chimeric protein will be able to form disulfide linked dimers with itself, or with unmodified versions of the ~, ~ or Fc~Rly ~h~;n.~ or related proteins. In some instances, the transmembrane domain will be selected or modi~ied by amino acid substitution to avoid binding of such domains to the transmembrane domains of the same or different surface membrane proteins to minimize interactions with other members of the receptor complex. In other cases it will be desirable to employ the transmembrane domain o~ , Fc~Rl-y and -~, MBl (Ig ~), B29 (Ig~), Bovine Leukemia Virus gp30 (BLV gp30), or CD3-y, o,or ~, in order to retain physical association with other members of the receptor complex.

The CPRs of the present invention may be designed so as to avoid interaction with other surface membrane proteins native to the target host. In order to achieve this, one may select for a transmembrane domain which is known not to bind to other transmembrane domains, or one may modify specific amino acids, e.g. substitute fox a cysteine, or the like.

WO96/23881 PCT~S96101292 The extracellular inducer-responsive clustering domain (ECD) may be obtained from any of the wide variety o~
extracellular domains of eukaryotic transmembrane proteins, secreted proteins or other proteins associated with ligand binding and/or signal transduction. The ECD may be part of a protein which is monomeric, homodimeric, heterodimeric, or associated with a larger number of proteins in a non-covalent or disulfide-bonded complex.

In particular, the ECDs may consist of monomeric or dimeric immunoglobulin molecules, or portions or modifications thereof, which are prepared in the following manner.

The full-length IgG heavy chain comprising the VH, CHl, hinge, and the CH2 and CH3 (Fc) Ig domains is fused to the proliferation signaling domain (PSD) via the appropriate transmembrane domain. If the VH domain alone is sufficient to con~er antigen-specificity (so-called "single-domain antibodies~), homodimer formation of the Ig-PSD chimera is expected to be ~unctionally bivalent with regard to antigen binding sites. I~ both the VH domain and the VL domain are necessary to generate a fully active antigen-binding site, both the IgH-PSD molecule and the ~ull-length IgL chain are introduced into cells to generate an active antigen-binding site. Dimer formation resulting ~rom the intermolecular Fc/hinge disul~ide bonds results in the assembly of Ig-PSD
receptors with extracellular domains resembling those of IgG
antibodies. Derivatives of this Ig-PSD chimeric receptor include those in which only portions of the heavy chain are employed in the fusion. For example, the VH domain (and the CHl domain) o~ the heavy chain can be retained in the extracellular domain of the Ig-PSD chimera (VH-PSD), but VH-PSD dimers are not formed. As above, the ~ull-length IgL chain can be introduced into cells to generate an active antigen-binding site.

~VO 96/23881 PCT/US96/01292 AS indicated, the ECD may consist of an Ig heavy chain which may in turn be covalently associated with Ig light chain by virtue of the presence o~ the CHl region, or may become covalently associated with other Ig heavy/light chain complexes by virtue o~ the presence of hinge, CH2 and CH3 domains. The two heavy/light chain complexes may have di~erent speci~icities, thus creating a CPR which binds two distinct antigens. Depending on the ~unction o~ the antibody, the desired structure and the signal transduction, the entire chain may be used or a truncated chain may be used, where all or a part of the CHl, CH2, or CH3 domains may be removed or all or part o~ the hinge region may be removed.

Because association o~ both the heavy and light V domains are required to generate a ~unctional antigen binding site o~
high a~inity, in order to generate a Ig chimeric receptor with the potential to bind antigen, a total o~ two molecules will typically need to be introduced into the host cell.
There~ore, an alternative and pre~erred strategy is to introduce a single molecule bearing a ~unctional antigen binding site. This avoids the technical di~iculties that may attend the introduction and coordinated expression o~ more than one gene construct into host cells. This ~'single-chain antibody~ (SAb) is created by ~using together the variable domA; n.~ o~ the-heavy and light ~hA; n.~ using an oligo- or polypeptide linker, thereby reconstituting an antigen binding site on a single molecule.

Single-chain antibody variable ~ragments (SAbFv) in which the C-terminus o~ one variable domain (VH or VL) is tethered to the N-terminus of the other (VL or VH, respectively), via a oligo- or polypeptide linker, have been developed without signi~icantly disrupting antigen binding or speci~icity of the binding (Bedzyk et al. (1990) J. Biol. Chem., 26~:18615;
Chaudhary et al. (1990) Proc. Na~l. Acad. Sci., 87:9491). The SAbFvs used in the present invention may be o~ two types depending on the relative order o~ the VH and VL domains: VH-CA 0222l634 l997-ll-l9 WO96/23881 PCT~S96101292 l-V~ or VL-l-VH (where "1" represents the linker). These SAbFvs lack the constant regions (Fc) present in the heavy and light ch~; n~ o~ the native antibody. In another aspect of the present invention, the SAbFv ~ragment may be ~used to all or a portion of the constant domains of the heavy chain, and the resulting ECD is joined to the PSD via an appropriate transmembrane domain that will permit expression in the host cell. The resulting CPRs di~er from the SAbFvs, described above, in that upon binding o~ antigen they initiate signal transduction via their cytoplasmic domain.

To aid in the proper folding and e~icient expression o~
the CPRs, the antibody-derived ECDs may be connected at their C-teYm; n~ 1 end to one o~ a number o~ membrane hinge regions which are a normal part o~ membrane-bound immunoglobulin molecules. For example, the eighteen amino acids of the IGHG3 M1 exon may be used (B~n~m~na and Le~ranc, Immunoaenet., 32:321-330 (1990)). The TM domain is attached to the C-terminal end o~ the membrane hinge. It is also contemplated that membrane hinge sequences may be used to connect non-antibody derived ECDs to the transmembrane d~m~i n.~ to increase CPR expression.

Diabodies may also be used as ECDs in the present invention. Diabodies contain two chimeric immunoglobulin chains, one o~ which comprises a VH domain connected to a VL
domain on the same polypeptide chain (VH-VL). A linker that is too short to allow pairing o~ the VH and VL domains on this chain with each other is used so that the domains will pair with the complementary VH and VL domains on the other chimeric immunoglobulin chain to create two antigen-binding sites (Holliger et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 90:6444-6448 (1993)).
As described above, one o~ these chains is linked to the membrane hinge and/or the TM domain, which in turn is linked to the PSD and/or ESD. The other chain (not connected to a PSD) will be co-expressed in the same cell to create a CPR

CA 0222l634 l997-ll-l9 WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 with a diabody ECD which will respond to two di~erent extracellular inducer molecules.

Various naturally occurring receptors may also be J
employed as ECDS, where the receptors are surface membrane proteins, including cell differentiation antigens such as CD4 and CD8, cytokine or hormone receptors or cell adhesion molecules. The receptor may be responsive to a natural ligand, an antibody or fragment thereof, a synthetic molecule, e.g., drug, or any other agent which is capable of inducing a signal. In addition, either member o~ a inducer/receptor pair, where one is expressed on a target cell such as a cancer cell, a virally infected cell or an autoimmune disease causing cell, may also be used as an ECD in the present invention. In addition, the receptor-binding domains of soluble protein ligands or portions thereof could be employed as ECDS in the CPRs o~ the present invention. In addition, for example, binding portions o~ antibodies, cytokines, hormones, or serum proteins can be used. In addition, the soluble components of the cytokine receptors such as IL-6R, IL-4R, and IL-7R can be used (Boulay and Paul Current Biolo~y 3: 573-581, (1993)).

"Hybrid~ ECDS can also be used in the present invention.
For example, two or more antigen-binding d~m~;n.~ from antibodies of dif~erent-specificities, two or more different ligand-binding domains, or a combination of these domains can be connected to each other by oligo- or polypeptide linkers to create multispecific extracellular binding d~m~in~. These ECDs can be used to create CPRS of the present invention which will respond to two or more different extracellular inducer molecules. (See Figure l(a)-(c) and (1)-(s) that illustrate the above embodiment).

Where a receptor is a molecular complex o~ proteins, where only one chain has the major role of binding to the ligand, it will usually be desirable to use solely the WO96/23881 PCT~S96101292 extracellular portion o~ the ligand binding protein. Where the extracellular portion may complex with other extracellular portions of other proteins or form covalent bonding through disulfide linkages, one may also provide for the formation of such dimeric or multimeric extracellular regions. Also, where the entire extracellular region is not required, truncated portions thereof may be employed, where such truncated portion is functional. In particular, when the extracellular region of CD4 is employed, one may use only those sequences required for binding of gpl20, the HIV envelope glycoprotein. In the case in which Ig is used as the extracellular region, one may simply use the antigen binding regions of the antibody molecule and dispense with the constant regions of the molecule (for example, the Fc region consisting of the CH2 and CH3 domains).

In some instances, a few amino acids at the joining region of the natural protein domain may be deleted, usually not more than 30, more usually not more than 20. Also, one may wish to introduce a small number of amino acids at the borders, usually not more than 30, more usually not more than 20. The deletion or insertion of amino acids will usually be as a result of the needs of the construction, providing for convenient restriction sites, ease of manipulation, improvement in levels of expression, proper folding of the molecule or the like. In addition, one may wish to substitute one or more amino acids with a di~erent amino acid for similar reasons, usually not substituting more than about five amino acids in any one domain. The PSD, ECD, EFSD and ICD
will generally be from about 50 to 1500 amino acids, depending upon the particular domain employed, while the transmembrane domain will generally have from about 20 to 35 amino acids.

Normally, the signal sequence at the 5' terminus of the open reading frame (ORF) which directs the chimeric protein to the surface membrane will be the signal sequence of the ECD.
However, in some instances, one may wish to exchange this WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 sequence ~or a di~ferent signal se~uence. However, since the signal se~uence will be removed from the protein during processing, the particular signal sequence will normally not be critical to the subject invention.
Extracellular inducers of the present invention can be antigens which bind the ECDs, described above. These may include viral proteins, (e.g. gpl20 and gp41 envelope proteins of HIV, envelope proteins from the Hepatitis B and C viruses, the gB and other envelope glycoproteins of human cytomegalovirus, the envelope proteins from the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus), and surface proteins ~ound on cancer cells in a specific or amplified fashion, (eg the IL-14 receptor, CDl9 and CD20 for B cell lymphoma, the Lewis Y and CEA antigens for a variety of carcinomas, the Tag72 antigen for breast and colorectal cancer, EGF-R ~or lung cancer, and the HER-2 protein which is often amplified in human breast and ovarian carcinomas). For other receptors, the receptors and ligands o~ particular interest are CD4, where the ligand is the HIV gpl20 envelope glycoprotein, and other viral receptors, for example ICAM, which is the receptor for the human rhinovirus, and the related receptor molecule for poliovirus.

The intracellular clustering domain (ICD) can be obtained from the inducer binding domains of a variety of intracellular proteins. For example, eukaryotic steroid receptor molecules can be used as ICDs (e.g. the receptors for estrogen, progesterone, androgens, glucocorticoids, thyroid hormone, vitamin D, retinoic acid, 9-cis retinoic acid and ecdysone).
In addition, variants of steroid and other receptors which fail to bind their native inducer, but still bind to an antagonist, can be prepared by one skilled in the art and used to make the CPRs of this invention. For example, a C-terminal deletion mutant of the human progesterone receptor, which fails to bind progesterone, can be clustered by the addition CA 0222l634 1997-ll-l9 WO96/23881 PCT~S96101292 o~ progesterone antagonists, including RU 486 (Wang et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci 91: 8180-8184, 1994). Binding domains ~rom the eukaryotic immunophilin family of molecules may also be used as ICDs. Examples include but are not limited to members of the cyclophilin family: m~mm~l ian cyclophilin A, B and C, yeast cyclophilins 1 and 2, Drosophila cyclophilin analogs such as ninaA; and members of the FKPB ~amily: the various m~m~ ian isoforms of FKBP and the FKBP analog from Neurospora (Schreiber, Science, 251:283-287 (1991), McKeon, Cell, 66:823-826, (1991), Friedman and Weissman, ~ell, 66:799-806, (1991), Liu et al., Ç~ll, 66:807-815 (1991)). For example, the inducer binding portion o~ the immunophilin, FKBP12, which can be clustered in the cytoplasm by the addition of FK1012, a synthetic dimeric form of the immunosuppressant FK506 (Spencer et al., Science 262: 1019-1024 (1993) can be used as an ICD.

The intracellular inducers of the present invention must be molecules which can be delivered to the cytoplasm. For example, the inducer may be lipophilic, or be transported into the cell by active transport or pinocytosis, by fusion with a liposome carrying the inducer, or by semi-permeabilization o~
the cell membrane. The intracellular inducers cluster the ICDs which make up the CIPRs of the present invention. Examples o~
inducers include, but are not limited to synthetic dimeric molecules such as FK1012 (Spencer et al., Science, 262:1019-1024 (1993)) or dimeric derivatives of the binding domains of other immunophilin binding molecules such as cyclosporin, rapamycin and 506BD (Schreiber, Science, 251:283-287 (1991), McKeon, Cell, 66:823-826, (1991)). Steroids, such as estrogen, progesterone, the androgens, glucocorticoids, thyroid hormone, vitamin D, retinoic acid, 9-cis retinoic acid or ecdysone, or antagonists or derivatives of these molecules may also be used as intracellular inducer molecules. In - particular the steroid antagonist RU 486 may be used (Wang et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 91:8180-8184 (1994)).

CA 0222l634 l997-ll-l9 WO96/23881 PCT~S96101292 The e~fector ~unction signaling domains (EFSDs) employed in the present invention may be derived ~rom a protein which is known to activate various second messenger pathways. One pathway o~ interest is that involving phosphatidylinositol-speci~ic phospholipase hydrolysis o~ phosphatidylinositol-4,5-biphosphate, and production o~ inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol. The calcium mediated pathway, the tyrosine and serine/threonine kinase and phosphatase pathway, the adenylate cyclase, and the guanylate cyclase pathways may also be second messenger pathways. EFSDs o~ interest include proteins with ARAM motifs (Reth, Nature,-338:383-384 (1989), Weiss, Cell, 73:209-212, (1993)), ~or example, the ~ chain o~
the T-cell receptor, the ~ chain, which di~ers ~rom the chain only in its most C-terminal exon as a result o~
alternative splicing of the ~ mRNA, the y and ~ subunits o~
the Fc~R1 receptor, the MB1 (Ig~) and B29 (Ig~) chains o~ the B cell receptor, the BLV gp30 protein and the o, y, and ch~; n.~ o~ the T-cell receptor (CD3 ~h~; n.~ ), other protein homologous to the above protein subunits including synthetic polypeptides with ARAM moti~s, and such other cytoplasmic regions which are capable o~ transmitting a signal as a result o~ interacting with other proteins capable o~ binding to a inducer (Romeo et al., ~ll, 68:889-897 (1992); Weiss, Cell, 73:209-212 (1993)). The syk ~amily o~ tyrosine kinases may also be used as e~ector ~unction signaling domainsr The clustering o~ these domains ~rom Syk and ZAP-70 leads to the activatiOn of T cell cytolytic activity (Kolanus et al., Cell, 74:171-183 (1993)). In addition, the src ~amily o~ tyrosine kinases (Lck, Fyn, Lyn, etc.(Rudd et al., Immunology Today, 15:225-234 (1994)) and molecules involved in T cell transduction may be used as EFSDs in the present invention. A
number of EFSDs or ~unctional fragments or mutants thereo~ may be employed, generally ranging ~rom about 50 to 1500 amino acids each, where the entire naturally occurring cytoplasmic region may be employed or only an active portion thereo~.

WO96/23881 PCT~S96101292 The CPRs o~ the present invention are employed in a wide variety of target host cells, normally cells from vertebrates, more particularly, m~mm~ls, desirably domestic An;m~ls or primates, particularly humans. In particular, the subject invention may also find application in the expansion of lymphoid cells, e.g., T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL), natural killer cells (NK), tumor-infiltrating-lymphocytes (TIL) or other cells which are capable of killing target cells when activated. In addition, suitable host cells to introduce CPRs of the present-invention include hematopoietic stem cells, which develop into cytotoxic effector cells with both myeloid and lymphoid phenotype including granulocytes, mast cells, basophils, macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells and T and B lymphocytes. In particular, diseased cells, such as cells infected with HIV, HTLV-I or II, cytomegalovirus, hepatitis B or C virus, Mycobacterium aviu~, etc., neoplastic cells, or autoimmune disease-causing cells where the diseased cells have a surface marker associated with the diseased state may be made specific targets of the cells expressing the CPRs of the present invention. In the present invention, a cell may express dual CEFR and CPR receptors, which contain the same extracellular binding domain (eg. CD4), or a cell may express a hybrid chimeric receptor combining both signaling domains (EFSD and PSD). In each case, the binding of one inducer to the extracellular binding domain will stimulate cells to act as therapeutic agents at the same time they are expanding in response to binding to inducer, e.g., gpl20 ~or HIV or cancer-specific antigens.
In a pre~erred embodiment, the present invention relates to the design of chimeric proli~eration receptor (CPR) molecules which can endow T cells with the ability to proliferate in an antigen-specific and IL-2 independent manner. A T cell ordinarily requires as many as three distinct stimuli to become fully activated and begin to proliferate It must receive two signals ~rom the antigen CA 0222l634 l997-ll-l9 WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 presenting cell (APC). The first o~ these signals occurs upon engagement of the T cell antigen receptor with the peptide antigen-MHC complex. The second costimulatory signal is provided through the interaction of the CD28 or CTLA4 proteins on the T cell sur~ace with either the B7-2 or B7 proteins, their counterreceptors on the APC (Clark and Ledbetter, Nature, 367:425-428 (1994); Croft, Current Opinion in Immunoloay, 6:431-437 (1994)). In addition to these two signals provided during cell to cell contact between the T
cell and APC, it is apparent that certain cytokines, ~or example IL-2, play an important role in initiating and sust~in;ng ongoing proli~eration o~ activated T cells (Taniguchi and M;n~m;, Cell, 73:5-8 (1993)). The antigen receptor-mediated signal (e.g., anti-CD3 MAb) and the co-stimulatory signal (e.g., APC) play an important role ininitiating and sustaining T cell proliferation, for example, by inducing IL-2 receptors which will in turn make the T cell responsive to autocrine or exogenous IL-2 stimulation.
Chimeric proli~eration receptors ~or T cells can route an antigen signal directly through the IL-2 signaling apparatus, and bypass the need to engage the T cell receptor and costimulatory receptor to elicit T cell proli~eration, while still maintaining antigen specificity. This chimeric receptor will link an ECD which is an antigen binding moiety such as an antibody or a viral receptor (e.g., CD4, the receptor ~or HIV) to a proliferation signaling domain which is a component o~
the IL-2R. One embodiment of the CPR invention would be to use one of the subunits of the IL-2 receptor ( IL-2R) as a proliferation signaling domain. Specifically, the ~ and ~
chains of the IL-2R may be utilized as PSDs in the present invention. Alternatively, the CPRs may incorporate both of all or part of the transducing domains of the IL-2R~ and y, which are connected through the use of an appropriate polypeptide linker sequence, in a slngle chimeric receptor. In a ~urther embodiment, the CPR containing the IL-2R~ PSD or the IL-2R~ PSD alone is complemented with the native ~orm o~ IL-2R

CA 0222l634 1997-ll-l9 WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 y or IL-2R~ subunit respectively, which is provided by transduction. It is further contemplated that the signal transducing domains of the cytokine receptor superfamily described above may function as the PSDs in the CPRs in T
cells of the present invention. In a further embodiment, chimeric proliferation receptors may incorporate more than one signaling domain chosen from the cytokine receptor family, which may be connected through an appropriate oligo- or polypeptide linker sequence in a single chimeric receptor.
In another preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to the use of chimeric proliferation receptors to induce the proliferation of T cells, where the proliferation signaling domains are comprised of one or more of the family of Janus kinases, i.e., JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, Tyk2 and Ptk-2. In the most preferred embodiment, either JAK1 or JAK3 alone or together may be employed as the PSD(s) since they play a critical role in IL-2 induced proliferation of T cells: The kinase activity of both JAK1 and JAK3 becomes stimulated a~ter IL-2 binding to the IL2R. JAK1 and JAK3 are associated with the membrane proximal regions of the IL-2R~ and y c~i n.~, respectively, which are integral to the transmission of proli~erative stimuli (Asao et al., FEBS Letters, 351:201-206 (1994); Johnston et al., Nature, 370:151-153 (1994); Miyazaki et al., Science, 266:1045-1047 (1994); Russell et al., Science, 366:1042-1044 (1994); Witthuhn et al., Nature, 370:153-157 (1994)). However, as discussed above, a Janus kinase or cytokine receptor family subunit which is not naturally found or used in a given cell may be of particular utility as a PSD, in that such a molecule may either have greater kinase activity and thus be more ef~icient at promoting cell growth, or it may have less constitutive activity and thus be more readily modulated by clustering.

In yet another preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to T cells containing single chimeric WO96/23881 PCT~S96101292 polypeptide receptors that drive both proli~eration and ef~ector function through the same inducer molecule. Thus, the extracellular inducer-responsive clustering domain is linked via a transmembrane domain to two signal transducing dom~; n.~ in tandem. One signal transducing domain contains the proliferation signal (as described above) while the other signal transducing ~om~;n contains an effector ~unction signal. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the e~fector signaling domain from a member of the Syk tyrosine kinase family which activates cytolysis, Syk or ZAP-70, is in a chimeric receptor with a proliferation signaling domain from a Janus kinase, JAKl, JAK2, JAK3, Tyk2 or Ptk-2.

In another particularly pre~erred embodiment, the effector function signaling domain ~rom ~, ~, the Fc~Rl-~ and -y chA;n~, MBl(Ig~) and B29(Ig~), BLV gp30, ~or the CD3y, o and ~ ~h~; n.~, which also activates cytolysis, is in a chimeric receptor with a proliferation signaling domain from a Janus kinase, JAKl, JAK2, JAK3, Tyk2 or Ptk-2 or a cytokine receptor subunit. These hybrid receptors are contemplated to induce not only antigen-specific proliferation, but the activation of antigen-specific cytotoxic or helper effector function activity as well.

In yet another preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to engineered T cells expressing CPRs which already contain a chimeric effector function receptors. These dual chimera receptor-expressing T cells respond to specific antigen by activating cytolytic or helper effector function, and may respond to the same or a different antigen by proli~erating as well. It is thus desirable to engineer a T
cell so that it can become activated to proliferate at the disease site, as well as to kill its target, in a manner dependent only upon the presence of the appropriate antigen-expressing cell. In this preferred embodiment, the two chimeric receptors are provided to the cell as separate molecules. As an example, chimeric proliferation receptors WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 which contain an ECD which recognizes HIV antigens are introduced into cytotoxic T cells expressing a chimeric e~~ector function receptor which contains an ECD which recognizes the same or different HIV antigens. This will allow both the proli~eration o~ and cytotoxic actions of the engineered cells upon contact with HIV in~ected cells, even in the absence of IL-2.

The chimeric construct, which encodes the chimeric protein according to this invention will be prepared in conventional ways. Since, ~or the most part, natural sequences may be employed, the natural genes may be isolated and manipulated, as appropriate, so as to allow for the proper joining of the various domains. Thus, one may prepare the truncated portion of the sequence by employing the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using appropriate primers which result in deletion of the undesired portions of the gene.
Alternatively, one may use primer repair, where the sequence of interest may be cloned in an appropriate host. In either case, primers may be employed which result in t~rm;n;, which allow for annealing o~ the sequences to result in the desired open reading ~rame encoding the chimeric protein. Thus, the sequences may be selected to provide ~or restriction sites which are blunt-ended, or have complementary overlaps.
If desired, the extracellular domain may also include the transcriptional initiation region, which will allow for expression in the target host. Alternatively, one may wish to provide for a different transcriptional initiation region, which may allow for constitutive or inducible expression, depending upon the target host, the purpose ~or the introduction o~ the subject chimeric protein into such host, the level of expression desired, the nature of the target host, and the like. Thus, one may provide for expression upon differentiation or maturation of the target host, activation o~ the target host, or the like.

WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 A wide variety o~ promoters have been described in the literature, which are constitutive or inducible, where induction may be associated with a specific cell type or a specific level of expression. Alternatively, a number of viral promoters are known which may also find use. Promoters of interest include the ~-actin promoter, SV40 early and late promoters, immunoglobulin promoter, human cytomegalovirus promoter, and the Friend spleen focus-forming virus promoter.
The promoters may or may not be associated with enhancers, where the enhancers may be naturally associated with the particular promoter or associated with a di~~erent promoter.

The sequence of the open reading frame may be obtained from genomic DNA, cDNA, or be synthesized, or combinations thereo~. Depending upon the size o~ the genomic DNA and the number o~ introns, one may wish to use-cDNA or a combination thereof. In many instances, it is found that introns stabilize the mRNA. Also, one may provide for non-coding regions which stabilize the mRNA.
A t~rm;n~tion region will be provided 3' to the cytoplasmic domain, where the t~m; n~ tion region may be naturally associated with the cytoplasmic domain or may be derived ~rom a di~ferent source. For the most part, the t~m;n~tion regions are not critical and a wide variety o~
termination regions may be employed without adversely a~fecting expression.

The various manipulations may be carried out i~ vitro or may be introduced into vectors for cloning in an appropriate host, e.g., E. ~ll- Thus, after each manipulation, the resulting construct from joining of the DNA sequences may be cloned into an expression vector. The sequence may be screened by restriction analysis, sequencing, or the like to insure that it encodes the desired chimeric protein.

WO96/23881 PCT~S96101292 The chimeric construct may be introduced into the target cell in any convenient manner. Techniques include calcium phosphate or DEAE-dextran mediated DNA transfection, electroporation, protoplast fusion, liposome fusion, biolistics using DNA-coated particles, and in~ection, where the chimeric construct is introduced into an appropriate virus (eg retrovirus, adenovirus, adeno-associated virus, Herpes virus, Sindbis virus, papilloma virus), particularly a non-replicative form of the virus, or the like. In addition, direct injection of naked DNA or protein- or lipid-complexed DNA may also be used to introduce DNA into cells.

Once the target host has been transformed, integration will usually result However, by appropriate choice of vectors, one may provide for episomal maintenance. A large number of vectors are known which are based on viruses, where the copy number of the virus maintained in the cell is low enough to maintain the viability of the cell. Illustrative vectors include SV40, EBV and BPV.
It is also contemplated that the introduction of the chimeric constructs o~ the present invention into cells may result in the transient expression o~ the CPRs. Such transient expression may be preferable if a short-term therapeutic effect is desired. Unstable replication or the absence of DNA replication may result, ~or example, from adenovirus in~ection or transformation with naked DNA.

Once one has established that the transformed host cell expresses the CPR of the present invention in accordance with the desired regulation and at a desired level, one may then determine whether the CPR is ~unctional in the host cell in providing for the desired proliferation signal One may use established methodology for measuring proliferation to verify the functional capability of the CPR. The proliferative response of cells can be measured by a variety of techniques known to those skilled in the art. For example, DNA synthesis CA 0222l634 1997-ll-l9 WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 can be measured by the incorporation of either tritiated thymidine or orotic acid. The incorporation o~
bromodeoxyuridine into newly synthesized DNA can be measured by immunological staining and the detection of dyes, or by ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)(Doyle et al., ~çll and Tissue Culture: ~aboratory Procedures, wiley, Chichester, England, (1994)). The mitotic index of cells can be determined by staining and microscopy, by the fraction labeled mitoses method or by FACS analysis (Doyle et al., supra, (1994); Dean, Cell Tissue Kinet. 13:299-308 (1980); Dean, Cell Tissue ~inet. 13:672-~81 (1980)). The increase in cell size which accompanies progress through the cell cycle can be measure by centrifugal elutriation (Faha et al., J Virol.
67:2456-2465 (1993)). Increases in the number o~ cells may also be measured by counting the cells, with or without the addltion of vital dyes. In addition, signal transduction can also be measured by the detection of phosphotyrosine, the n vitro activity of tyrosine kinases from activated cells, c-myc induction, and calcium mobilization as described in the Examples infra.

As described previously in the speci~ic çmbodiments, the subject CPRs may be used to direct the proliferation of ;mmllne cells with effector function. The CPRs may be introduced into cells that already contain a chimeric receptor construct that stimulates effector function upon contact with a target inducer. The two chimeric constructs may respond to the same or dif~erent inducers. Alternatively, a hybrid CPR may be used which contains both a proliferation signaling domain and an e~fector function signaling domain. These cells would respond to a single target inducer by proli~erating and by expressing effector function. Thus, these lymphocytes can be activated by any group of cells which contain specific membrane proteins or antigens which may be distinguished from the membrane proteins or antigens on normal cells. For CA 0222l634 l997-ll-l9 WO96/23881 PCT~S96101291 example, neoplastic cells, virus-in~ected cells, parasite-in~ected cells, or any other diseased cells would be targets ~or CEPR-cont~; n; ng lymphocytes.

Among the lymphocytes which can be used to treat human disease are cytotoxic CD8~ T cells (CTLs) which have been engineered with CEPRs cont~;n;ng ECDs which recognize speci~ic antigens and can be used to kill in~ected cells in a variety of viral, and parasitic diseases, where the in~ected cells express the antigens from the pathogen. In particular, CEPR-CTLs would be particularly effective against viral diseases where transplanted autologous CTLs have shown some ef~icacy, such as CMV (Reusser et al, Blood, 78:1373-1380 (1991), Riddell et al., Science, 257:238-241 (1992)) or where explanted and expanded CTLs continued to have cytolytic activity against virally infected cells, such as HIV
(Lieberman et al, Aids Res. and Human Retroviruses, 11:257-271 (1995)). These CEPRs can be constructed with ECDs which recognize the viral envelope proteins. For example, SA~s which recognize either gpl20 or gp41, or the CD4 extracellular ~om~in which recognizes gpl20 can be used to engineer HIV-speci~ic CTLs. CEPR-CTLs can also be engineered ~or use against other viruses, such as Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C
virus, Kaposi's sarcoma associated Herpes virus, the Herpes Simplex viruses, Herpes Zoster virus, and papilloma viruses.
Another target ~or the engineered CTLs are neoplastic cells which express cancer-speci~ic neoantigens or over-express speci~ic membrane proteins. Examples include the IL-14 receptor, CDl9 and CD20 ~or B cell lymphoma, the Lewis Y and CEA antigens ~or a variety o~ carcinomas, the Tag72 antigen ~or breast and colorectal cancer, EGF-R ~or lung cancer, and the HER-2 protein which is often ampli~ied in human breast and ovarian carcinomas. As an example, human Heregulin (Hrg), a protein similar in structure to Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), has been identified as a ligand ~or the HER-2 protein (Holmes et al., Science (1992) 256:1205-1210). The extracellular domain o~ Hrg could be used as an ECD to ~orm a chimeric WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 construct of the present invention to direct T cells to kill breast carcinoma cells. CEPR-CTLs can also be used to target autoimmune cells in the treatment o~ autoimmune diseases such as Systemic Lupus Erythematosis (SLE), myasthenia gravis, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and Grave's disease.

CD4'helper T cells (THs) engineered with CEPRs cont~;n;ng ECDs which recognize speci~ic antigens can also be used to treat human disease. In particular, lymphokine production by CEPR-THs may be ef~ective against cancer cells and mycobacterial infections, including Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobactium leprae.

Chimeric proli~eration receptors which do not contain e~ector function signaling domains may also be o~ use in the treatment of human disease. Various cell types containing the CPR constructs described above may be grown in an appropriate nutrient medium ~or expansion or may be expanded directly in the body via signaling through the CPR, depending on the cell type, and used in a variety o~ ways. For example, the expanded cells may be used to reconstruct existing tissue or provide new tissue in transplantation therapy. In a particular example, keratinocytes, used ~or replacement o~
skin in the case Q~. burns, may be grown to ~orm a continuous layer prior to application. Alternatively, the keratinocytes may be used in the case o~ plastic surgery to replace skin removed ~rom the host ~or use at another site.

Other cell types that would be o~ particular interest ~or expansion a~ter delivery o~ the CPRs o~ the subject invention are islets o~ Langerhans which may be grown and introduced into a host by capsules or other means, ~or the production of insulin. Retinal epithelial cells may also be expanded and injected or implanted into the subretinal space o~ the eye to treat visual disorders, such as macular degeneration. Immune cells, described in detail above, may be expanded ex vivo and injected into the bloodstream or elsewhere to treat immune WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 de~iciency. Myoblasts may be expanded with the present invention and injected at various sites to treat muscle wasting diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Hepatocytes may be expanded ~or use in liver regeneration.
Endothelial cells may also be expanded to repair blood vessels or to deliver proteins to the circulation. Nerve cells which ordinarily do not proliferate may be targets ~or expression by using the CPRs of present invention. In addition cells which will not proli~erate in vitro, and therefore cannot be manipulated or genetically engineered may be ideal recipients o~ the CPRs o~ the present invention.

Additional types o~ cells that would bene~it ~rom the subject CPR constructs include cells that have genes previously introduced or simultaneously introduced with a CPR
which may serve in protein production or to correct a genetic defect. Production o~ proteins may include growth factors, such as, erythropoietin, G-CSF, M-CSF, and GM-CSF, epidermal growth ~actor, platelet derived growth ~actor, human growth ~actor, trans~orming growth factor, etc; lymphokines, such as the interleukins; hormones, such as ACT~, somatomedin, insulin, angiotensin, etc.; coagulation ~actors, such as Factor VIIIC; deoxyribonuclease ~or treating cystic ~ibrosis;
glucocerebrosidase for treating Gaucher's disease; normal versions o~ proteins associated with genetic diseases such as adenosine deaminase or the CFTR protein associated with cystic ~ibrosis; protective agents, such as ~l antitrypsin;
regulatory proteins or enzymes associated with the production o~ amino acid ~ree products, such as the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase for the production o~ L-dopamine, and the like.

The recipient o~ genetically modi~ied allogeneic cells ~ can be immunosuppressed to prevent the rejection of the transplanted cells. In the case of immunocompromised patients, no pretransplant therapy may be required. Another alternative source o~ cells to be transplanted are so-called CA 0222l634 l997-ll-l9 WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 "universal donor" cells which have been genetically engineered so that they do not express antigens o~ the major histocompatibility complex or molecules which ~unction in antigen presentation.
High-titer retroviral producer lines are used to transduce the chimeric proliferation receptor constructs into autologous or allogeneic human T-cells, hematopoietic stem cells or other cells, described above through the process o~
retroviral mediated gene trans~er as described by Lusky et al.
in (1992) slood 80:396. In addition to the gene encoding the chimeric proli~eration receptor, additional genes may be included in the retroviral construct. These include genes such as the thymidine kinase or cytosine de~m;nA.se genes (Borrelli et al. (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. US~ ~$:7572) which acts as a suicide gene ~or the marked cells i~ the patient is exposed to gancyclovir or 5'-~luorouracil (5FU), respectively. Thus, i~ the percentage o~ marked cells is too high, gancyclovir or 5FU may be administered to reduce the percentage o~ cells expressing the chimeric receptors. In addition, i~ the percentage o~ marked cells needs to be increased, the multi-drug resistance gene can be included (Sorrentino et al. (1992) Science 257:99) which functions as a pre~erential survival gene ~or the marked cells in the patients i~ the patient is administered a dose o~ a chemotherapeutic agent such as taxol. There~ore, the percentage o~ marked cells in the patients can be titrated to obtain the maximum therapeutic bene~it.

In addition, high-titer adenoviral producer lines may be used to transduce the chimeric proli~eration receptor constructs into autologous or allogeneic nerve cells, hematopoietic cells including stem cells, islets of Langerhans, keratinocytes, muscle cells or other cells ~ollowing the methods o~ adenoviral mediated gene trans~er as described by Finer et al. in Blood, 83 :43-50 (1994). Similar to the procedure described above, other genes may be included WO96/23881 PCT~S96101292 in the adenoviral constructs in addition to the chimeric proli~eration receptor in the recipient cell. A~ter introduction o~ the construct into the cell type o~ interest, the cells may be expanded in an appropriate medium well know in the art and used in a variety o~ ways previously described.

The following examples are by way o~ illustration and not by way of limitation.

EXPERIMENTAL

Example l. Construction o~ CPRs comprising a ligand-receptor (CD4) extracellular clustering ~m~; n ana a Janus k; n~ ~e or cytokine receptor subunit proli~eration signaling ~m~; n, Expression vectors ~or CD4-Janus kinase and CD4-cytokine receptor subunit hybrids were created using pIKl.lF3Sal. This plasmid was made by introducing a SalI site into pIKl.lF3 (US
Patent ~5,359,046) which directs the expression CD4-~, a chimeric protein comprised o~ the human CD4 extracellular (EXT) and transmembrane (TM) domains (residues l to 395 o~
mature CD4) fused to the cytoplasmic (CYT) domain o~ human ~.
The SalI site was introduced by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis using single stranded pIKl.lF3 DNA with oligo l as the primer. pIKl.lF3Sal was identi~ied by restriction analysis and its sequence con~irmed by Sanger dideoxynucleotide sequencing. The creation o~ the SalI site results in the insertion o~ an Asp codon at the junction o~
CD4 TM and ~ CYT, and permits the replacement o~ ~ CYT domain with a Janus kinases or cytokine receptor subunit CYT domain with the retention o~ a single Asp residue at the junction.
Derivatives lacking the extra Asp codon or containing other oligo- or polypeptide linkers are constructed by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis (Zoller and Smith, (1982) Nucleic Acids Res, . lO:6487-6500). In each example below, the WO96/23881 PCT~S~6/01292 correct expression plasmid was identified by restriction mapping and its structure confirmed by DNA se~uencing.

a) Construction of CD4-mJAKl 7 pIKCD4-mJAKl directs the expression of a hybrid protein consisting of the CD4 EXT and TM d~m~;n~ (residues l to 395) joined at their C-terminus to the entire mouse JAKl Janus kinase by an Asp residue. This plasmid was constructed from three DNA fragments: l) a vector fragment of 5.7 kb obtained by digestion of pIKl.lF3Sal with SalI and ApaI, 2) a 2.6 kb fragment encoding the N-terminus of mJAKl obtained by digestion of pBluescriptKSmJAKl (provided by James Ihle &
Bruce Witthuhn, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN) with NcoI and SstI, and ligation to a SalI-NcoI adaptor consisting of oligonucleotides 2 & 3 (SEQ ID NO: 2 & 3), and 3) a 0.9 kb fragment encoding the C-terminus of mJAKl obtained by digestion of pBluescriptKSmJAKl with SstI and NdeI, and ligation to an NdeI-ApaI adaptor consisting of oligonucleotides 4 & 5 (SEQ ID NO: 4 & 5).
b) Construction o~ CD4-mJAK2 pIKCD4-mJAK2 directs the expression of a hybrid protein consisting of the CD4 EXT and TM do~;n~ (residues l-395) joined at their C-terminus to the entire mouse JAK2 Janus kinase by an Asp residue. This plasmid was constructed in two steps. First, an intermediate plasmid was constructed from two DNA fragments: 1) a vector fragment of 5.7 kb obtained by digestion of pIKl.lF3Sal with SalI and ApaI and modification of the cohesive ends with T4 polymerase and dNTPs to create blunt ends, and 2) a 3.7 kb fragment encoding the entire mJAK2 protein obtained by digestion of pBluescriptSKmJAK2 (provided by James Ihle & Bruce Witthuhn, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN) with NotI and NheI and extension of the cohesive ends with T4 polymerase and dNTPs to create blunt ends. A clone with the insert in the correct orientation, WO96/23881 PCT~S96101292 having the blunted SalI and NotI sites joined, was identi~ied and used to prepare a single-stranded DNA template. Secondly, this template was used for oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis with oligonucleotide 6 (SEQ ID NO:6) as a primer to fuse amino acid l of mJAK2 in-frame to the Asp residue following the CD4 TM region. The correct expression plasmid was identified by colony hybridization using oligonucleotide 7 (SEQ ID NO:7) as a probe.
~0 c) Construction o~ CD4-mJAK3 pIKCD4-mJAK3 directs the expression of a hybrid protein consisting of the CD4 EXT and TM d~m~;n.~ (residues l-395) joined at their C-terminus to the entire mouse JAK2 Janus kinase by an Asp residue This plasmid was constructed from three DNA fragments: l) a vector fragment of 5.7 kb obtained by digestion of pIKl~lF3sal with SalI and ApaI, 2) a l.3 kb fragment encoding the mJAK3 N-terminus obtained by digestion o~ pBluescriptSKmJAK3 (provided by James Ihle & Bruce Witthuhn, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN) with Eco47III and EcoRI, and ligation to a SalI-Eco47III
adaptor consisting of oligonucleotides 8 & 9 (SEQ ID NO:8 &
9), and 3) a 2.2 kb ~ragment encoding the mJAK3 C-terminus obtained by digestion of pBluescriptSKmJAK3 with EcoRI and BamHI, and ligation to a BamHI-ApaI adaptor consisting of oligonucleotides lO & ll (SEQ ID NO:lO & ll).

d) Construction o~ CD4-hTyk2 pIKCD4-hTyk2 directs the expression of a hybrid protein consisting of the CD4 EXT and TM domains (residues l-395) joined at their C-terminus to the entire human Tyk2 Janus kinase by an Asp residue. This plasmid was constructed in two steps. First, an intermediate plasmid was constructed from three DNA fragments: l) a vector fragment of 5.7 kb obtained ~ by digestion of pIKl.lF3Sal with SalI, extension of the cohesive end with T4 polymerase and dNTPs to create a blunt CA 0222l634 l997-ll-l9 WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 end, ~ollowed by digestion with ApaI, and 2) a 1.1 kb fragment encoding the N-terminus of hTyk2 obtained by digestion of pRCFwt (provided by Sandra Pellegrini, Institut Pasteur, Paris) with SphI, extension of the cohesive end with T4 polymerase and dNTPs, followed by digestion with SacII, and 3) a 2.6 kb fragment encoding the C-terminus of hTyk2 obtained by digestion of pRCFwt with SacII and ApaI. Secondly, a single-stranded DNA template was prepared from this intermediate plasmid and used for oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis with oligonucleotide 12 (SEQ ID NO:12) as a primer to fuse amino acid 1 of hTyk2 in-frame to the Asp residue following the CD4 coding region. The correct expression plasmid was identified by colony hybridization using oligonucleotide 13 (SEQ ID
NO:13)as probe.
e) Construction o~ CD4-hJAK3 pIKCD4-hJAK3 directs the expression of a hybrid protein consisting of the CD4 EXT and TM domains (residues 1-395) joined at their C-terminus to the entire human Tyk2 Janus kinase by an Asp residue. This plasmid was constructed in two steps. First, an intermediate plasmid was constructed from three DNA fragments: 1) a vector fragment o~ 5.7 kb obtained by digestion o~ pIKl.lF3Sal with SalI and ApaI, and extension of the cohesive ends with T4 polymerase and dNTPs to create blunt ends, and 2) a 3.6 kb fragment encoding the entire hJAK3 protein obtained by digestion of pBluescriptSKhJAK3 (provided by John O'Shea, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD) with EcoRI and NdeI and extension of the cohesive ends with T4 polymerase and dNTPs to create blunt ends. A clone with the insert in the correct orientation, having the blunted SalI and EcoRI sites joined, was identified and used to prepare a single-stranded DNA template. Secondly, this template was used for oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis with oligonucleotide 14 (SEQ ID NO:14)as a primer to fuse amino acid 1 of hJAK3 in-frame to the Asp residue following the CD4 CA 0222l634 l997-ll-l9 WO9G/23881 PCT~S96/01292 TM region. The correct expression plasmid was identi~ied by colony hybridization using oligonucleotide 15 (SEQ ID NO:15)as a probe.

f) Construction of CD4-hTT.~
pIKCD4-hIL2R~ directs the expression of a hybrid protein consisting o~ the CD4 EXT and TM domains (residues 1-395) joined at their C-terminus to the CYT domain of the human IL-2 receptor ~ subunit (residues 240-525 of the mature polypeptide) by an Asp residue. This plasmid was constructed from two DNA fragments: 1) a vector fragment of 5.7 kb obtained by digestion of pIKl.lF3Sal with ApaI, extension o~
the cohesive end with T4 polymerase and dNTPs to create a blunt end, followed by digestion with SalI, and 2) a 0.9 kb fragment encoding the hIL-2R~ CYT domain obtained by digestion of a PCR-generated DNA fragment with SalI and EcoRV. The PCR-generated fragment was obtained by 1) isolating mRNA ~rom normal human CD8-positive T cells with a FastTrack kit (Invitrogen, San Diego, CA), 2) using the mRNA to prepare single-stranded cDNA using a cDNA Cycle kit (Invitrogen, San Diego, CA) with oligonucleotide 16 (SEQ ID NO:16) as a primer, and 3) amplifying the single-stranded cDNA by PCR using oligonucleotides 17 & 18 (SEQ ID NO:17 & 18) as primers to generate a fragment which incorporates SalI and EcoRV sites at the 5' and 3' ends, respectively.

g) Construction o~ CD4-IL2Ry pIKCD4-IL2Ry directs the expression of a hybrid protein consisting of the CD4 EXT and TM domains (residues 1-395) joined at their C-terminus to the CYT domain of the human IL-2 receptor y subunit (residues 262-347 o~ the mature poly~eptide) by an Asp residue. This plasmid was constructed from two DNA fragments: 1) a vector fragment of 5.7 kb obtained by digestion o~ pIKl.lF3Sal with ApaI, extension of the cohesive end with T4 polymerase and dNTPs to create a CA 0222l634 l997-ll-l9 WO96123881 PCT~S96/01292 blunt end, ~ollowed by digestion with SalI, and 2) a 0.3 kb ~ragment encoding the hIL-2Ry CYT domain obtained by digestion o~ a PCR-generated DNA fragment with SalI and EcoRV. The PCR-generated fragment was obtained by 1) isolating a hIL-2Ry cDNA
clone ~rom a A cDNA library made from activated human T cells (Clontech, Palo Alto, CA) using oligonucleotides 19 & 20 (SEQ
ID NO:19 & 20)as probes, 2) subcloning an EcoRI ~ragment cont~;n;ng the hIL-2Ry CYT domain (residues 268-347), 3) using the subclone DNA to carry out PCR with oligos 21 and 22 as primers to generate a fragment in which the codons for hIL-2Ry residues 262-267 were recreated, the EcoRI site was removed, and in which SalI and EcoRV sites were incorporated at the 5' and 3' ends, respectively.

~mrle 2. CPRs cont~;~;~ an antibody extracell~lar cl~stering ~o~;~ and a Janus kinase or cytokine receptor subunit proli~eration signaling ~~;~.
Expression vectors ~or SAb-Janus kinase and SAb-cytokine receptor subunit hybrids are created by replacing the CD4 EXT
domain in CD4-Janus kinase and CD4-cytokine receptor subunit hybrids (examples la to lg) with the EXT domain of F15y2, a single-chain antibody-~ chimeric receptor, contained in plasmid pRT43.2F15y2. F15y2 is comprised o~ (from N- to C-terminus) o~: 1) the signal sequence and VK domain o~ human anti-HIV gp41 MAb 98.6 (residues 1-107 o~ the mature protein), 2) a 14 amino acid peptide linker (Gly-Ser-Thr-Ser-Gly-Ser-Gly-Lys-ser-ser-Glu-Gly-Lys-Gly)~ 3) the VH domain of MAb 98.6 (residues 1-113 of the mature protein), 4) the hinge, CH2 and CH3 domains o~ the human IgG2 heavy chain cQnstant region (residues 226 to 477), 5) the 18 residue human IgG3 ~1 membrane hinge, 6) the CD4 TM domain (residues 372-395), and 7) the ~ CYT domain (residues 31-142). The presence o~ the IgG2 heavy chain constant domain allows such SAb-Janus kinase and SAb-cytokine receptor subunit constructs to form disulfide-linked dimers. Derivatives which iack the constant WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 domain, and thus do not dimerize, are made by oligonucleotide directed mutagenesis. Other derivatives lacking the Asp codon or cont~in;ng other oligo- or polypeptide linkers at the junction of CD4 TM and the CYT domain of the Janus kinase or cytokine receptor subunit are constructed by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis. In each example, the correct expression plasmid is identified by restriction mapping and its structure confirmed by DNA sequencing.

a) Construction o~ SAb-mJAKl pIKSAb-mJAKl directs the expression of a hybrid protein consisting of the SAb EXT and CD4 TM domains of Fl5y2 joined at their C-terminus to the entire mouse JAKl Janus kinase by an Asp residue. This plasmid is constructed from three DNA
~ragments: l) a vector ~ragment of 4.3 kb obtained by digestion o~ the expression plasmid pIKl.l with EcoRI and ApaI, 2) a fragment of l.6 kb encoding the SAb EXT domain and part of the CD4 TM domain, obtained by digestion of pRT43. 2Fl5y2 with EcoRI and NgoMI, and 3) a 3. 7 kb fragment encoding the remainder of the CD4 TM domain and the entire mJAKl protein, obtained by digestion of pIKCD4-mJAKl with NgoMI and ApaI.

b) Construction o~ SAb-mJAK2 pIKSAb-mJAK2 directs the expression of a hybrid protein consisting of the SAb EXT and CD4 TM domains of Fl5y2 joined at their C-terminus to the entire mouse JAK2 Janus kinase by an Asp residue. This plasmid is constructed from three DNA
fragments: l) a vector fragment of 7.6 kb encoding the entire mJAK2 protein, obtained by digestion of pIKCD4-mJAK2 with SphI
and SalI, 2) a fragment of 0.7 kb encoding the N-term;n~1 portion of the SAb EXT domain, obtained by digestion of pIKSAb-mJAKl with SphI and BamHI, and 3) a fragment of l.0 kb WO96/23881 PCT~S96101292 encoding the remainder of the SAb EXT domain and the CD4 TM
domain, obtained by digestion of pIKSAb-mJAKl with BamHI and SalI.

c) Construction of SAb-mJAK3 pIKSAb-mJAK3 directs the expression of a hybrid protein consisting of the SAb EXT and CD4 TM domains of Fl5y2 joined at their C-terminus to the entire mouse JAK2 Janus kinase by an Asp residue. This plasmid is constructed from three DNA
fragments: l) a vector fragment of 7.7 kb encoding the entire mJAK3 protein, obtained by digestion of pIKCD4-mJAK3 with SphI
and SalI, 2) a fragment of 0.7 kb encoding the N-t~m; n~ 1 portion of the SAb EXT domain, obtained by digestion of pIKSAb-mJAKl with SphI and BamHI, and 3) a fragment of l.0 kb encoding the remainder of the SAb EXT domain and the CD4 TM
domain, obtained by digestion of pIKSAb-mJAKl with BamHI and SalI.

a) Construction of SAb-hTyk2 pIKSAb-hTyk2 directs the expression of a hybrid protein consisting of the SAb EXT and CD4 TM domains of Fl5y2 joined at their C-terminus to the entire human Tyk2 Janus kinase by an Asp residue. This plasmid is constructed from three DNA
fragments: l) a vector fragment of 7 5 kb encoding the C-terminus of hTyk2, obtained by digestion of pIKCD4-hTyk2 with EcoRI and BspEI, 2) a fragment of l.6 kb encoding the SAb EXT
domain and a portion o~ the CD4 TM domain, obtained by digestion of pRT43.2Fl5y2 with EcoRI and NgoMI, and 3) a fragment o~ 0.4 kb encoding the remainder of the CD4 TM domain and the N-terminus of the hTyk2 protein, obtained by digestion of pIKCD4-hTyk2 with NgoMI and BspEI.

e) Construction of Sab-CD4-hJAK3 pIKSAb-hJAK3 directs the expression of a hybrid protein consisting of the SAb EXT and CD4 TM domains of Fl5y2 joined CA 0222l634 l997-ll-l9 WO96/23881 PCT~S96/~1292 at their C-terminus to the entire human JAK3 Janus kinase by an Asp residue. This plasmid is constructed from three DNA
fragments: 1) a vector fragment of 7.7 kb encoding the entire mJAK3 protein, obtained by digestion of pIKCD4-hJAK3 with SphI
and SalI, 2) a fragment of 0.7 kb encoding the N-terminal portion of the SAb EXT domain, obtained by digestion of pIKSAb-mJAK1 with SphI and BamHI, and 3) a fragment of 1.0 kb encoding the remainder o~ the SAb EXT domain and the CD4 TM
domain, obtained by digestion of pIKSAb-mJAK1 with BamHI and SalI.

~) Construction of SAb-IL2R~
pIKSAb-hIL2R~ directs the expression of a hybrid protein consisting of the SAb EXT and CD4 TM domains of F15y2 joined at their C-terminus to the human IL2R~ CYT domain by an Asp residue. This plasmid is constructed from three DNA
fragments: 1) a vector fragment of 5.0 kb encoding the IL-2R~
CYT domain, obtained by digestion of pIKCD4-hIL2R~ with SphI
and SalI, 2) a ~ragment of 0.7 kb encoding the N-term;n~l portion o~ the SAb EXT domain, obtained by digestion of pIKSAb-mJAK1 with SphI and BamHI, and 3) a fragment o~ 1.O kb encoding the remainder of the SAb EXT domain and the CD4 TM
domain, obtained by digestion o~ pIKSAb-mJAK1 with BamHI and SalI.
g) Construction o~ ~Ab-IL2Ry pIKSAb-hIL2Ry directs the expression of a hybrid protein consisting of the SAb EXT and CD4 TM domains of F15y2 joined at their C-terminus to the human IL2Ry CYT domain by an Asp residue. This plasmid is constructed from three DNA
fragments: 1) a vector fragment of 4.4 kb encoding the IL-2Ry CYT domain, obtained by digestion of pIKCD4-hIL2Ry with SphI
and SalI, 2) a fragment of 0.7 kb encoding the N-term;n~l ~ portion of the SAb EXT domain, obtained by digestion of pIKSAb-mJAK1 with SphI and BamHI, and 3) a fragment o~ 1.0 kb W096/23881 PCT~S96/012~2 encoding the remainder of the SAb EXT domain and the CD4 TM
domain, obtained by digestion of pIKSAb-mJAKl with BamHI and SalI.

r-- ~le 3: CPRs com~rising a ligand-receptor (CD4) extracellular clustcring ~- -; n, a ~ ~amily signalling ~m~ ~ n and a Janus kinaso or cytokine receptor subunit proli~eration signaling ~-i n .
This class of chimeric receptors were created by the insertion of a ~ family CYT signaling domain (e.g. ~, ~, the FcR~ y subunit, B29, and CD3 y, o and ~ subunits) into a CPR
between the TM domain and proliferation signaling (Janus kinase or cytokine receptor subunit) domain. These chimeric receptors were constructed from pIKl.lF3SalB, an intermediate plasmid based on pIKl.lF3 (which encodes CD4-~). A SalI site was introduced into the CD4-~ coding sequence between the last amino acid and stop codon by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis using pIKl.lF3 single-stranded DNA with oligonucleotide 23 (SEQ ID N0:23) as a primer and oligonucleotide 24 (SEQ ID N0:24) to identify the correct clone by colony hybridization. This results in the addition o~ 2 residues (Val-Asp) at the carboxyl terminus of CD4-~.
The proliferation signaling domain o~ a Janus kinase or cytokine receptor subunit was then joined at the C-terminus of CD4-~ using the unique SalI site which adds a Val-Asp dipeptide at the junction. Derivatives lacking the Val-Asp dipeptide or containing other oligo- or polypeptide linkers are constructed by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis. A
similar strategy is used to create CPRs containing a ~ ~amily signaling domain at the C-terminus of the chimeric proteln (e.g., CD4-Janus kinase-~ and CD4-cytokine receptor subunit-~) by inserting the ~ ~amily CYT domain after the proliferation signalling CYT domain.

WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 a) Construction of CD4~ A~l pIKCD4-~-mJAKl directs the expression of a hybrid protein consisting o~ the CD4 EXT and TM domains (residues l to 395) and ~ CYT domain joined at their C-terminus to the entire mouse JAKl Janus kinase by a Val-Asp dipeptide. This plasmid was constructed ~rom two DNA fragments: l) a vector fragment o~ 7.7 kb encoding the entire mJAKl protein, obtained by digestion o~ pIKCD4-mJAKl with SphI and SalI, 2) a 1.8 kb fragment encoding the CD4 EXT and TM domains and the ~ CYT
domain, obtained by digestion o~ pIKl.lF3SalB with SphI and SalI.

b) Construction of CD4-~-mJAK2 pIKCD4-~-mJAK2 directs the expression of a hybrid protein consisting o~ the CD4 EXT and TM d~m~;n~ (residues l to 395) and ~ CYT domain joined at their C-terminus to the entire mouse JAK2 Janus kinase by a Val-Asp dipeptide. This plasmid was constructed ~rom two DNA fragments: l) a vector fragment of 7.6 kb encoding the entire mJAK2 protein, obtained by digestion o~ pIKCD4-mJAK2 with SphI and SalI, 2) a 1.8 kb fragment encoding the CD4 EXT and TM domains and the ~ CYT
domain, obtained by digestion o~ pIKl.lF3SalB with SphI and SalI
c) Construction of CD4-~-mJAK3 pIKCD4-~-mJAK3 directs the expression o~ a hybrid protein consisting o~ the CD4 EXT and TM domains (residues l to 395) and ~ CYT domain joined at their C-terminus to the entire mouse JAK3 Janus kinase by a Val-Asp dipeptide. This~plasmid was constructed from two DNA ~ragments: l) a vector ~ragment of 7.7 kb encoding the entire mJAK3 protein, obtained by digestion of pIKCD4-mJAK3 with SphI and SalI, 2) a l.8 kb WO96/23881 PCT~S96~01292 ~ragment encoding the CD4 EXT and TM domains and the ~ CYT
domain, obtained by digestion of pIKl.lF3SalB with SphI and SalI.

a) Construction of CD4-~-hTyk2 pIKCD4-~-hTyk2 directs the expression of a hybrid protein consisting of the CD4 EXT and TM domains (residues 1 to 395) and ~ CYT domain joined at their C-terminus to the entire human Tyk2 Janus kinase by a Val-Asp dipeptide. This plasmid was constructed from three DNA fragments: l) a vector fragment of 7.5 kb encoding the C-terminus of hTyk2, obtained by digestion o~ pIKCD4-hTyk2 with EcoRI and BspEI, 2) a l.7 kb fragment encoding the CD4 EXT and TM domains and the ~ CYT
domain, obtained by digestion of pIKl.lF3SalB with EcoRI and SalI, and 3) a 0.3 kb fragment encoding the N-terminus of hTyk2, obtained by digestion of pIKl.lF3SalB with SalI and BspEI.

e) Construction of CD4-~-hJAK3 pIKCD4-~-hJAK3 directs the expression of a hybrid protein consisting of the CD4 EXT and TM domains (residues l to 395) and ~ CYT domain joined at their C-terminus to the entire human JAK3 Janus kinase by a Val-Asp dipeptide. This plasmid was constructed from two DNA fragments: l) a vector fragment o~ 7.7 kb encoding the entire hJAK3 protein, obtained by digestion of pIKCD4-hJAK3 with SphI and SalI, 2) a l.8 kb fragment encoding the CD4 EXT and TM domains and the ~ CYT
domain, obtained by digestion of pIKl.lF3SalB with SphI and SalI.
f) Construction of CD4-~-hIL2R~
pIKCD4-~-hIL2R~ directs the expression o~ a hybrid protein consisting of the CD4 EXT and TM domains (residues l to 395) and ~ CYT domain joined at their C-terminus to the human IL2R~ CYT domain subunit by a Val-Asp dipeptide. This WO96/23881 PCT~S96101292 plasmid is constructed from two DNA ~ragments: l) a vector ~ragment of 5.0 kb encoding the hIL2R~ CYT domain, obtained by digestion of pIKCD4-hIL2R~ with SphI and SalI, 2) a l.8 kb fragment encoding the CD4 EXT and TM domains and the ~ CYT
domain, obtained by digestion o~ pIKl.lF3SalB with SphI and SalI.

g) Construction of CD4-~-hIL2Ry pIKCD4-~-hIL2Ry directs the expression of a hybrid protein consisting of the CD4 EXT and TM domains (residues l to 395) and ~ CYT domain joined at their C-terminus to the human IL2Ry CYT domain by a Val-Asp dipeptide. This plasmid is constructed from two DNA fragments: l) a vector ~ragment of 4.4 kb encoding the hIL2Ry CYT domain, obtained by digestion of pIKCD4-hIL2R~ with SphI and SalI, 2) a l.8 kb fragment encoding the CD4 EXT and TM domains and the ~ CYT domain, obtained by digestion o~ pIKl.lF3SalB with SphI and SalI.

Example 4: CPRs cont~;~;ng an antibody extracellular clustering ~m~; n, a ~ ~amily signaling ~m~; n and a ~anus kinase or cytokine receptor subunit proli~eration signaling ~o~n~,; n, This class of chimeric receptors are created by the insertion of a ~ ~amily CYT signaling domain (e.g. ~, ~, the FcR~ y subunit, B29, and CD3 y, o and ~ subunits) into an antibody-based CPR between the TM domain and proliferation signaling (Janus kinase or cytokine receptor subunit) domain.
These chimeric receptors are constructed from CD4-~-Janus kinase and CD4-~-cytokine receptor subunit CPRs, by substituting an antibody-based EXT clustering domain for the CD4 EXT domain. The proli~eration signalling domain o~ a Janus kinase or cytokine receptor subunit is joined at the C-terminus of SAb-~ by a Val-Asp dipeptide. Derivatives lacking ~ the Val-Asp dipeptide or containing other oligo- or polypeptide linkers are constructed by oligonucleotide-WO96123881 PCT~S96/01292 directed mutagenesis. A similar strategy i5 used to create CPRs containing a ~ family signaling domain at the C-terminus o~ the chimeric protein (e.g., SAb-Janus kinase~ and SAb-cytokine receptor subunit-~) by inserting the ~ ~amily CYT
do~; n a~ter the proliferation signalling CYT domain.

a) Construction of SAb- ~-mJAKl pIKSAb-~-mJAKl directs the expression o~ a hybrid protein consisting o~ the 98.6 SAb EXT, CD4 TM and ~ CYT domain joined at their C-terminus to the entire mouse JAKl Janus kinase by a Val-Asp dipeptide. This plasmid is constructed ~rom three DNA
fragments: l) a vector ~ragment o~ 4.3 kb obtained by digestion o~ the expression plasmid pIKl.l with EcoRI and ApaI, 2) a ~ragment o~ l.6 kb encoding the SAb EXT domain and part o~ the CD4 TM domain, obtained by digestion o~
pRT43.2Fl5y2 with EcoRI and NgoMI, and 3) a 4.0 kb ~ragment encoding the remainder o~ the CD4 TM domain, the ~ CYT domain and the entire mJAKl protein, obtained by digestion o~ pIKCD4-~-mJAKl with NgoMI and ApaI.
b) Construction o~ SAb-~-mJAK2 pIKSAb-~-mJAK2 directs the expression o~ a hybrid protein consisting of the 98.6 SAb EXT, CD4 TM and ~ CYT domain joined at their C-terminus to the entire mouse JAK2 Janus kinase by a Val-Asp dipeptide This plasmid is constructed ~rom three DNA
~ragments: l) a vector ~ragment o~ 7.6 kb encoding the entire mJAK2 protein, obtained by digestion o~ pIKCD4-mJAK2 with SphI
and SalI, 2) a fragment o~ 0 7 kb encoding the N-terminal portion o~ the SAb EXT domain, obtained by digestion o~
pIKSAb-~-mJAKl wi~h SphI and BamHI, and 3) a ~ragment o~ 1.4 kb encoding the remainder o~ the SAb EXT domain, the CD4 TM
domain and the ~ CYT domain, obtained by digestion o~ pIKSAb-~-mJAKl with BamHI and SalI.

WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 c) Construction of SAb-~-mJAK3 pIKSAb-~-mJAK3 directs the expression of a hybrid protein consisting of the 98.6 SAb EXT, CD4 TM and ~ CYT domain joined at their C-terminus to the entire mouse JAK3 Janus kinase by a Val-Asp dipeptide. This plasmid is constructed from three DNA
fragments: l) a vector fragment of 7.7 kb encoding the entire mJAK3 protein, obtained by digestion of pIKCD4-mJAK3 with SphI
and SalI, 2) a fragment of 0.7 kb encoding the N-terminal portion o~ the SAb EXT domain, obtained by digestion of pIKSAb-~-mJAKl with SphI and BamHI, and 3) a fragment of 1.4 kb encoding the remainder of the SAb EXT domain, the CD4 TM
domain and the ~ CYT domain, obtained by digestion of pIKSAb-~-mJAKl with BamHI and SalI.
d) Construction o~ SAb-~-hTyk2 pIKSAb-~-hTyk2 directs the expression of a hybrid protein consisting o~ the 98.6 EXT, CD4 TM and ~ CYT domain joined at their C-terminus to the entire human Tyk2 Janus kinase by a Val-Asp dipeptide. This plasmid is constructed from three DNA
fragments: l) a vector fragment of 7.5 kb encoding the C-terminus of hTyk2, obtained by digestion of pIKCD4-hTyk2 with EcoRI and BspEI, 2) a fragment o~ l.6 kb encoding the SAb EXT
domain and a portion of the CD4 TM domain, obtained by digestion o~ pIKSAb-~-mJAKl with EcoRI and NgoMI, and 3) a fragment of l.6 kb encoding the remainder of the CD4 TM
domain, the ~ CYT domain and the N-terminus of the hTyk2 protein, obtained by digestion of pIKCD4-~-hTyk2 with NgoMI
and BspEI.
e) Construction o~ SAb-~-hJAK3 pIKCD4-~-hJAK3 directs the expression o~ a hybrid protein consisting of the 98.6 EXT, CD4 TM and ~ CYT domain joined at their C-terminus to the entire human JAK3 Janus kinase by a Val-Asp dipeptide. This plasmid is constructed from three DNA

WO96/23881 PCT~S96101292 ~ragments: 1) a vector ~ragment of 7.7 kb encoding the entire hJAK3 protein, obtained by digestion of pIKCD4-hJAK3 with SphI
and SalI, 2) a ~ragment of 0.7 kb encoding the N-term; n~ 1 portion o~ the SAb EXT ~m~; n, obtained by digestion of pIKSAb-~-mJAKl with SphI and BamHI, and 3) a ~ragment o~ 1.4 kb encoding the r~m~; n~ o~ the SAb EXT domain, the CD4 TM
~mA;n and the ~ CYT ~om~;n~ obtained by digestion o~ pIKSAb-~-mJAKl with BamHI and SalI.

~) Construction o~ SAb- ~ - hTT.~R~
pIKSAb-~-hIL2R~ directs the expression o~ a hybrid protein consisting of the 98 6 EXT, CD4 TM and ~ CYT domain joined at their C-terminus to the human IL2R~ CYT domain by a Val-Asp dipeptide. This plasmid is constructed ~rom three DNA
~ragments: l) a vector ~ragment o~ 5.0 kb encoding the hIL2R~
CYT domain, obtained by digestion o~ pIKCD4-hIL2R~ with SphI
and SalI, 2) a ~ragment o~ 0.7 kb encoding the N-term; n~l portion o~ the SAb EXT domain, obtained by digestion of pIKSAb-~-mJAKl with SphI and BamHI, and 3) a ~ragment o~ l.4 kb encoding the remainder o~ the SAb EXT domain, the CD4 TM
domain and the ~ CYT domain, obtained by digestion o~ pIKSAb-~-mJAKl with BamHI and SalI.

g) Construction o~ SAb-~-hIL2Ry pIKSAb-~-hIL2Ry directs the expression o~ a hybrid protein consisting o~ the 98.6 EXT, CD4 TM and ~ CYT domain joined at their C-terminus to the human IL2Ry CYT domain by a Val-Asp dipeptide. This plasmid is constructed from three DNA
fragments: l) a vector ~ragment o~ 4.4 kb encoding the hIL2Ry CYT domain, obtained by digestion o~ pIKCD4-hIL2Ry with SphI
and SalI, 2) a ~ragment o~ 0.7 kb encoding the N-terminal portion o~ the SAb EXT domain, obtained by digestion o~
pIKSAb-~-mJAKl with SphI and BamHI, and 3) a ~ragment o~ l.4 WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 kb encoding the remainder o~ the SAb EXT domain, the CD4 TM
domain and the ~ CYT domain, obtained by digestion of pIKSAb-~-mJAKl with BamHI and SalI.

~m~lo 5: CPRs c~nt~;~;~ a ligand-rQceptor (CD4) oxtracell~lar clustoring ~m~;n~ a Syk ~amily k;n~e gi~n~l ;~
~-; n and a Janus kina~e or a cytokine receptor subunit proliferation ~ignaling ~om~; ~, This class of chimeric receptors are created by the insertion o~ a Syk family kinase (e.g., Syk and ZAP-70) into a CPR between the TM domain and proli~eration signaling (Janus kinase or cytokine receptor subunit) domain. These chimeric receptars are constructed ~rom CD4-~-Janus kinase or CD4-~-cytokine receptor subunit CPRs, by replacing the ~ ~amily CYT
domain with the entire Syk ~amily polypeptide. CPRs based on the Syk kinase are made ~rom the intermediate plasmid pIKl.lCD4-Syk which directs the expression o~ a hybrid protein consisting o~ the CD4 EXT and TM domains joined to the entire human Syk polypeptide by a Glu residue. This plasmid is constructed ~rom two ~ragments: l) a vector ~ragment of 5.7 kb encoding the CD4 EXT and TM d~m~; n.~, obtained by digestion o~
pIKl.lF3Sal with ApaI, extension o~ the cohesive end to a blunt end with T4 DNA polymerase and dNTPs, ~ollowed by digestion with SalI, and 2) a ~.8 kb PCR ~ragment encoding human Syk kinase, generated using ~HM3-Syk (provided by Edward Clark, U. o~ Washington, Seattle, WA) as a PCR template with oligonucleotides 25 & 26 (SEQ ID NO:25 & 26) as primers to introduce XhoI and EcoRV sites at the 5' and 3' ends, respectively, ~ollowed by digestion with XhoI and EcoRV. The Janus kinase or cytokine receptor subunit is then joined at the C-terminus o~ CD4-Syk using the unique SalI site which adds a Val-Asp dipeptide at the junction. Derivatives lacking the Val-Asp dipeptide or containing other oligo- or polypeptide linkers are constructed by oligonucleotide-~5 directed mutagenesis. A similar strategy is used to create-59-WO96/23881 PCT~S96101292 CPRs containing a Syk ~amily kinase at the C-terminus o~ the chimeric protein (e.g., CD4-Janus kinase-~ and CD4-cytokine receptor subunit-~) by inserting the Syk ~amily k nase a~ter the proliferation signalling CYT domain.
a) Construction o~ CD4-Syk-mJAKl pIKCD4-Syk-mJAKl directs the expression of a hybrid protein consisting of the CD4 EXT and TM domains (residues l to 395) and the entire Syk protein joined at their C-terminus to the entire mouse JAKl Janus kinase by a Val-Asp dipeptide.
This plasmid is constructed from two DNA ~ragments: l) a vector fragment of 7 7 kb encoding the entire mJAKl protein, obtained by digestion of pIKCD4-mJAKl with SphI and SalI, and 2) a 3.3 kb ~ragment encoding the CD4 EXT and TM domains and the entire Syk protein, obtained by digestion o~ pIKl~lcD4-syk with SphI and SalI.

~) Construction o~ CD4-Syk-mJAK2 pIKCD4-Syk-mJAK2 directs the expression of a hybrid protein consisting o~ the CD4 EXT and TM domains (residues l to 395) and the entire Syk protein joined at their C-terminus to the entire mouse JAK2 Janus kinase by a Val-Asp dipeptide.
This plasmid is constructed from two DNA fragments: l) a vector fragment of 7.6 kb encoding the entire mJAK2 protein, obtained by digestion o~ pIKCD4-mJAK2 with SphI and SalI, and ~
2) a 3.3 kb ~ragment encoding the CD4 EXT and TM domains and the entire Syk protein, obtained by digestion of pIKl.lCD4-Syk with SphI and SalI.

c) ~onstruction o~ CD4-Syk-mJAK3 pIKCD4-Syk-mJAK3 directs the expression of a hybrid protein consisting of the CD4 EXT and TM domains (residues l to 395) and the entire Syk protein joined at their C-terminus to the entire mouse JAK3 Janus kinase by a Val-Asp dipeptide.
This plasmid is constructed ~rom two DNA ~ragments: l) a WO~6/23881 PCT~S96/01292 vector fragment of 7.7 kb encoding the entire mJAK3 protein, obtained by digestion of pIKCD4-mJAK3 with SphI and SalI, and 2) a 3.3 kb fragment encoding the CD4 EXT and TM domains and the entire Syk protein, obtained by digestion of pIKl~lcD4-syk with SphI and SalI.
r d) Construction of CD4-Syk-hTyk2 pIKCD4-Syk-hTyk2 directs the expression of a hybrid protein consisting of the CD4 EXT and TM domains (residues l to 395) and the entire Syk protein joined at their C-terminus to_the entire human Tyk2 Janus kinase by a Val-Asp dipeptide.
This plasmid is constructed from three DNA fragments: l) a vector fragment of 7.5 kb encoding the C-terminus of hTyk2, obtained by digestion of pIKCD4-hTyk2 with EcoRI and BspEI, 2) a 3.3 kb fragment encoding the CD4 EXT and TM domains and the entire Syk protein, obtained by digestion of pIKl.lCD4-Syk with EcoRI and SalI, and 3) an 0.3 kb fragment encoding the N-terminus of hTyk2, obtained by digestion of pIKl~lF3salB with SalI and BspEI.
e) Construction o~ CD4-Syk-hJAK3 pIKCD4-Syk-hJAK3 directs the expression of a hybrid protein consisting of the CD4 EXT and TM domains (residues l to 395) and the entire Syk protein joined at their C-terminus to the entire human JAK3 Janus kinase by a Val-Asp dipeptide.
This plasmid is constructed from two DNA fragments: l) a vector fragment of 7.7 kb encoding the entire hJAK3 protein, obtained by digestion of pIKCD4-hJAK3 with SphI and SalI, and 2) a 3.3 kb fragment encoding the CD4 EXT and TM domains and the entire Syk protein, obtained by digestion of pIKl.lCD4-Syk with SphI and SalI.

) Construction o~ CD4-Syk-hTr.~
pIKCD4-Syk-hIL2R~ directs the expression of a hybrid protein consisting of the CD4 EXT and TM domains (residues l WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 to 395) and the entire Syk protein joined at their C-terminus to the human IL2R~ CYT domain by a Val-Asp dipeptide. This plasmid is constructed from two DNA fragments: l) a vector fragment o~ 5.0 kb encoding the hIL2R~ CYT domain, obtained by digestion of pIKCD4-hIL2R~ with SphI and SalI, 2) a 3.3 kb fragment encoding the CD4 EXT and TM domains and the entire Syk protein, obtained by digestion of pIKl.lCD4-Syk with SphI
and SalI.

g) ~onstruction o~ cD4-syk-hTr-~Ry pIKCD4-Syk-hIL2Ry directs the expression of a hybrid protein consisting of the CD4 EXT and TM domains (residues l to 395) and the entire Syk protein ~oined at their C-terminus to the human IL2Ry CYT domain by a Val-Asp dipeptide. This plasmid is constructed from two DNA ~ragments: l) a vector fragment of 4.4 kb encoding the hIL2R~ CYT domain, obtained by digestion o~ pIKCD4-hIL2R~ with SphI and SalI, 2) a 3.3 kb ~ragment encoding the CD4 EXT and TM domains and the entire Syk protein, obtained by digestion of pIKl.lCD4-Syk with SphI
and SalI.

Example 6: CPRs cont~;~;~ an antibody extracellular clustering ~nm~; n, and a ~yk ~amily k; ~e signaling ~;~
and Janus kinase & cytokine receptor subunit proli~eration signaling ~;~
This class of chimeric receptors are created by the insertion of a-Syk family kinase (e.g. Syk and ZAP-70) into an antibody-based CPR between the TM domain and proliferation signaling (Janus kinase or cytokine receptor subunit) domain.
These chimeric receptors are constructed from CD4-Syk-Janus kinase and CD4-Syk-cytokine receptor subunit CPRs, by substituting an antibody-based EXT clustering domain for the CD4 EXT domain. The proliferation signaling domain of a Janus kinase or cytokine receptor subunit is joined at the C-terminus of SAb-Syk by a Val-Asp dipeptide. Derivatives WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 lacking the Val-Asp dipeptide or containing other oligo- or polypeptide linkers are constructed by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis. A similar strategy is used to create CPRs containing a Syk family kinase at the C-terminus of the chimeric protein (e.g., SAb-Janus kinase-Syk kinase and SAb-cytokine receptor subunit-Syk kinase) by inserting the Syk family kinase after the proliferation signalling CYT domain.

a) ~onstruction o$ SAb-Syk-mJAKl pIKSAb-Syk-mJAKl directs the expression of a hybrid protein consisting of the 98.6 SAb EXT, CD4 TM and the entire Syk protein joined at their C-terminus to the entire mouse JAKl Janus kinase by a Val-Asp dipeptide. This plasmid is constructed from three DNA fragments: l) a vector fragment of 7.7 kb encoding the entire mJAKl protein, obtained by digestion of pIKCD4-mJAKl with SphI and SalI, 2) a fragment of l.7 kb encoding the SAb EXT domain and part of the CD4 TM
domain, obtained by digestion of pIKSAb-mJAKl with SphI and NgoMI, and 3) a 2.0 kb fragment encoding the remainder of the CD4 TM domain and the entire Syk protein, obtained by digestion of pIKcD4-syk-mJAKl with NgoMI and SalI.

b) Construction of SAb-Syk-mJAK2 pIKSAb-Syk-mJAK2 directs the expression of a hybrid protein consisting of the 98.6 SAb EXT, CD4 TM and Syk CYT
domain joined at their C-terminus to the entire mouse JAK2 Janus kinase by a Val-Asp dipeptide. This plasmid is constructed from three DNA fragments: l) a vector fragment of 7.6 kb encoding the entire mJAK2 protein, obtained by digestion of pIKCD4-mJAK2 with SphI and SalI, 2) a fragment of 0.7 kb encoding the N-terminal portion of the SAb EXT domain, obtained by digestion of pIKSAb-~-mJAKl with SphI and BamHI, and 3) a fragment of 3.0 kb encoding the remainder of the SAb EXT domain, the CD4 TM domain and the entire Syk protein, obtained by digestion of pIKSAb-Syk-mJAKl with BamHI and SalI.

WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 c) Construction of SAb-Syk-mJAK3 pIKSAb-Syk-mJAK3 directs the expression o~ a hybrid protein consisting o~ the 98.6 SAb EXT, CD4 TM and Syk CYT
~om~;n joined at their C-terminus to the entire mouse JAK3 Janus kinase by a Val-Asp dipeptide. This plasmid is constructed from three DNA ~ragments: l) a vector ~ragment of 7.7 kb encoding the entire mJAK3 protein, obtained by digestion of pIKCD4-mJAK3 with SphI and SalI, 2) a ~ragment o~
0.7 kb encoding the N-terminal portion o~ the SAb EXT domain, obtained by digestion o~ pIKSAb-~-mJAKl with SphI and BamHI, and 3) a fragment o~ 3.0 kb encoding the remainder o~ the SAb EXT domain, the CD4 TM domain and the entire Syk protein, obtained by digestion o~ pIKSAb-Syk-mJAKl with BamHI and SalI.
~) Construction o~ SAb-Syk-hTyk2 pIKSAb-Syk-hTyk2 directs the expression o~ a hybrid protein consisting o~ the 98.6 EXT, CD4 TM and Syk CYT domain joined at their C-terminus to the entire human Tyk2 Janus kinase by a Val-Asp dipeptide. This plasmid is constructed ~rom three DNA ~ragments: l) a vector ~ragment o~ 7.5 kb encoding the C-terminus o~ hTyk2, obtained by digestion o~
pIKCD4-hTyk2 with EcoRI and BspEI, 2) a l.6 kb ~ragment encoding the SAb EXT and part of the CD4 TM domain, obtained by digestion o~ pIKSAb-mJAKl with EcoRI and NgoMI, and 3) an 2.3 kb ~ragment encoding the remainder o~ the CD4 TM
domain, the entire human Syk protein and the N-terminus o~
hTyk2, obtained by digestion o~ pIKCD4-Syk-hTyk2 with NgoMI
and sspEI.
e) Construction o~ SAb-Syk-hJAK3 pIKCD4-Syk-hJAK3 directs the expression of a hybrid protein consisting o~ the 98.6 EXT, CD4 TM and Syk CYT domain joined at their C-terminus to the entire human JAK3 Janus kinase by a Val-Asp dipeptide. This plasmid is constructed WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 from three DNA fragments: l) a vector ~ragment o~ 7.7 kb encoding the entire hJAK3 protein, obtained by digestion o~
pIKCD4-hJAK3 with SphI and SalI, 2) a fragment of 0.7 kb encoding the N-terminal portion of the SAb EXT domain, obtained by digestion of pIKSAb-~-mJAKl with SphI and ~m~T, and 3) a fragment o~ 3.0 kb encoding the remainder o~ the SAb EXT domain, the CD4 TM domain and the entire Syk protein, obtained by digestion of pIKSAb-Syk-mJAKl with BamHI and SalI.

~) Construction o~ SAb-Syk-hTT~
pIKSAb-Syk-hIL2R~ directs the expression of a hybrid protein consisting o~ the 98.6 EXT, CD4 TM and Syk CYT domain joined at their C-terminus to the human IL2R~ CYT domain by a Val-Asp dipeptide. This plasmid is constructed ~rom three DNA
~ragments: l) a vector fragment o~ 5.0 kb encoding the hIL2R~
CYT domain, obtained by digestion o~ pIKCD4-hIL2R~ with SphI
and SalI, 2) a ~ragment o~ 0.7 kb encoding the N-t~rm; n~ 1 portion o~ the SAb EXT domain, obtained by digestion o~
pIKSAb-~-mJAKl with SphI and BamHI, and 3) a fragment o~ 3.0 kb encoding the remainder of the SAb EXT domain, the CD4 TM
domain and the entire Syk protein, obtained by digestion of pIKSAb-Syk-mJAKl with BamHI and SalI.

g) Construc~ion of SA~-Syk-hIL2Ry pIKSAb-Syk-hIL2Ry directs the expression o~ a hybrid protein consisting o~ the 98.6 EXT, CD4 TM and Syk CYT domain joined at their C-terminus to the human IL2Ry CYT domain by a Val-Asp dipeptide. This plasmid is constructed ~rom three DNA
~ragments: l) a vector fragment o~ 4 4 kb encoding the hIL2Ry CYT domain, obtained by digestion o~ pIKCD4-hIL2Ry with SphI
and SalI, 2) a ~ragment o~ 0.7 kb encoding the N-terminal portion o~ the SAb EXT domain, obtained by digestion o~
pIKSAb-~-mJAKl with SphI and BamHI, and 3) a ~ragment o~ 3.0 WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 kb encoding the remainder o~ the SAb EXT domain, the CD4 TM
domain and the entire Syk protein, obtained by digestion of pIKSAb-Syk-mJAKl with BamHI and SalI.

~m~le 7: CPRs cont~;~;~ an intracollular clustering ~o~;~: and a Janu~ kina~e or cytokine receptor subunit proliforation sisn~l;~ ~m~; n Expression vectors for FKBP-Janus kinase and FKBP-cytokine receptor subunit hybrids are created by replacing the CD4 EXT and TM domains in CD4-Janus kinase and CD4-cytokine receptor subunit hybrids with an (FKBP) 3 cassette consisting of three repeats o~ an FKBP module, each of which contains residues 2-108 of FKBPl2, the human FK506 binding protein (Standaert et al. (l990) Nature 346:671-674). The ~irst FKBP
module is preceded by an initiator Met codon, then a two amino linker, Val-Glu. This same Val-Glu dipeptide is found between module l & 2 and between modules 2 & 3. The last module is ~ollowed ~y a Val-Asp dipeptide which links it to the first codon of the proliferation signalling domain. Other derivatives lacking the Val-Asp dipeptide or containing other oligo- or polypeptide linkers at the junction o~ the (FKBP)3 cassette and the Janus kinase or cytokine receptor subunit CYT
domain are constructed by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis. Still other derivatives of (FKBP) 3 lacking the Val-Glu dipeptide linkers or containing other oligo- or polypeptide linkers are constructed by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis. The (FKBP) 3 cassette is constructed in two steps. First, a plasmid containing the FKBP module, pFKBP, is constructed from two DNA fragment: l) a vector ~ragment o~ 2.9 kb, obtained by digestion of pBluescriptSK
(Strategene, La Jolla, CA) with XhoI and SalI, and treatment with calf intestine alkaline phosphatase, and 2) a DNA
fragment of 0.3 kb encoding the FKBP module, obtained by PCR
and digested with XhoI and SalI. The PCR product is prepared using as a template oligo dT-primed first-strand cDNA made WO96/23881 PCT~S96101292 ~rom activated T cell mRNA (as described in Example 1) and oligos nucleotides 27 and 28 (SEQ ID NOS: 27 & 28) as the PCR
primers. DNA sequence analysis is employed to confirm the correct structure o~ the module. Secondly, plasmid pBSK(FKBP) 3 containing the (FKBP) 3 cassette is constructed ~rom three fragments: l) a vector fragment o~ 2.9 kb, obtained by digestion of pBluescriptSK with EcoRI and SalI, 2) a DNA
~ragment o~ l.0 kb encoding (FKBP) 3, obtained by extensive sel~-ligation and subsequent digestion with XhoI and SalI o~
an 0.3 kb ~ragment encoding the FKBP module, obtained by digestion o~ pFKBP with XhoI and SalI, and 3) an EcoRI-XhoI
adapter composed o~ oligos nucleotides 29 and 30 (SEQ ID NOS
29 & 30).
~5 a) Construction o~ FKBP-mJAKl pIKFKBP-mJAKl directs the expression of a hybrid protein consisting o~ the (FKBP) 3 coding se~uence o~ pBSK(FKBP)3 joined at its C-terminus to the entire mouse JAKl Janus kinase by a Val-Asp dipeptide. This plasmid is constructed ~rom three DNA
~ragments: l) a vector ~ragment o~ 4.3 kb, obtained by digestion o~ the expression plasmid pIKl.l with EcoRI and ApaI, 2) a ~ragment o~ l.0 kb encoding the (FKBP)3 cassette, obtained by digestion o~ pBSK(FKBP)3 with EcoRI and SalI, and 3) a 3.6 kb ~ragment encoding the entire mJAKl protein, obtained by digestion o~ pIKCD4-mJAKl with SalI and ApaI.

b) Construction o~ FKBP-mJAK2 pIKFKBP-mJAK2 directs the expression o~ a hybrid protein consisting o~ the (FKBP)3 coding se~uence o~ pBSK(FKBP)3 joined at its C-terminus to the entire mouse JAK2 Janus kinase by a Val-Asp dipeptide. ~his plasmid is constructed ~rom two DNA
fragments: l) a vector ~ragment o~ 7.6 kb encoding the entire mJAK2 protein, obtained by digestion o~ pIKCD4-mJAK2 with SphI

WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01Z92 and SalI, and 2) a ~ragment o~ l.l kb encoding the (FKBP)3 cassette, obtained by digestion of pIKFKBP-mJAKl with SphI and SalI.

c) Construction o~ FKBP-mJAK3 pIKFKBP-mJAK3 directs the expression o~ a hybrid protein consisting of the (FKBP)3 coding sequence of pBSKtFKBP)3 joined at its C-terminus to the entire mouse JAK3 Janus kinase by a Val-Asp dipeptide. This plasmid is constructed ~rom two DNA
fragments: l) a vector ~ragment o~ 7.7 kb encoding the entire mJAK3 protein, obtained by digestion of pIKCD4-mJAK3 with SphI
and SalI, and 2) a ~ragment o~ l.l kb encoding the (FKBP)3 cassette, obtained by digestion of pIKFKBP-mJAKl with SphI and SalI.
~) Construction o~ FKBP-hTyk2 pIKFKBP-hTyk2 directs the expression o~ a hybrid protein consisting o~ the (FKBP)3 coding sequence of pBSK(FKBP) 3 joined at its C-terminus to the entire human Tyk2 Janus kinase by a Val-Asp dipeptide. This plasmid is constructed ~rom three DNA
~ragments: l) a vector ~ragment o~ 7.5 kb encoding the C-terminus o~ hTyk2, obtained by digestion o~ pIKCD4-hTyk2 with EcoRI and BspEI, 2) a ~ragment o~ l.0 kb encoding the (FKBP)3 cassette, obtained by digestion of pIKFKBP-mJAKl with EcoRI
and SalI, and 3) a fragment of 0.3 kb encoding the N-terminus of the hTyk2 protein, obtained by digestion of pIKCD4-hTyk2 with SalI and BspEI.

e) ~onstruction o~ FKsP-hJAK3 pIKFKBP-hJAK3 directs the expression o~ a hybrid protein consisting o~ the (FKBP) 3 coding~seque~e o~ pBSK(FKBP) 3 jo,ined at its C-terminus to the entire human JAK3 Janus kinase by a Val-Asp dipeptide. This plasmid is constructed from two DNA
fragments: l) a vector fragment of 7.7 kb encoding the entire hJAK3 protein, obtained by digestion of pIKCD4-hJAK3 with SphI

WO96/23881 PCT~S96101292 and SalI, and 2) a ~ragment of l.l kb encoding the (FKBP) 3 cassette, obtained by digestion of pIKFKBP-mJAKl with SphI and SalI.

f) Construction of FKBP-IL2R~
pIKFKBP-hIL2R~ directs the expression of a hybrid protein consisting of the (FKBP)3 coding sequence of pBSK(FKBP)3 joined at its C-terminus to the human IL2R~ CYT domain by a Val-Asp dipeptide. This plasmid is constructed from two DNA
fragments: l) a vector fragment of 5.0 kb encoding the hIL2R~
CYT domain, obtained by digestion of pIKCD4-hIL2R~ with SphI
and SalI, and 2) a fragment of l.l kb encoding the (FKBP)3 cassette, obtained by digestion of pIKFKBP-mJAKl with SphI and SalI.
g) Construction of FKBP-IL2Ry pIKFKBP-h~L2Ry directs the expression of a hybrid protein consisting of the (FKBP)3 coding sequence of pBSK(FKBP)3 joined at its C-terminus to the human IL2Ry CYT domain by a Val-Asp dipeptide. This plasmid is constructed from two DNA
fragments: l) a vector fragment of 4.4 kb encoding the hIL2Ry CYT domain, obtained by digestion of pIKCD4-hIL2Ry with SphI
and SalI, and 2) a fragment of l.l kb encoding the (FKBP) 3 cassette, obtained by digestion of pIKFKBP-mJAKl with SphI and SalI.

Example 8: CPRs con~;n;ng a ligand-receptor (CD4) extracellular clustering ~om~; n; an intracellular clustering ~m~; n; an~ a Janus kinase or cytokine receptor subunit proli~eration signaling ~om~; n This class of chimeric receptors are created by the insertion af an (FKBP) 3 cassette into a CD4-Janus kinase or CD4-cytokine receptor subunit CPR between the TM domain and proliferation signaling domain. These chimeric receptors are constructed from pIKCD4-(FKBP) 3, an intermediate plasmid based WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 on pIKl.lF3Sal. The proli~eration signaling domain of a Janus kinase or cytokine receptor subunit is then joined at the C-terminus of CD4-(FKBP)3 using the unique SalI site which adds a Val-Asp dipeptide at the junction. Derivatives lacking the Val-Asp dipeptide or cont~;n;ng other oligo- or polypeptide linkers are constructed by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis. A similar strategy is used to create CPRs cont~;n;ng an (FKBP)3 cassette at the C-terminus of the chimeric protein (e.g., CD4-Janus kinase-FKBP and CD4-cytokine receptor subunit-FKBP) by inserting the (FKBP) 3 cassette a~ter the proli~eration signalling CYT domain. pIKCD4-(FKBP)3 is constructed from two DNA fragments: l) a vector fragment of 5.8 kb encoding the CD4 EXT and TM dom~;n~, obtained by digestion o~ pIKl.lF3Sal with SalI followed by treatment with calf intestine alkaline phosphatase, and 2) a l.0 kb fragment encoding the (FKBP)3 cassette, obtained by digestion of pBSK(FKBP)3 with XhoI and SalI. Clones with the (FKBP) 3 cassette in the correct in-frame orientation are confirmed by restriction mapping.
a) Construction of CD4-FKsP-mJAKl pIKCD4-FKBP-mJAKl directs the expression of a hybrid protein consisting of the CD4-(FKBP) 3 coding sequence joined at its C-terminus to the entire mouse JAKl Janus kinase by a Val-Asp dipeptide This plasmid is constructed from two DNA
fragments: l) a vector fragment of 7.7 kb encoding the entire mJAKl, obtained by digestion of pIKCD4-mJAKl with SphI and SalI, and 2) a fragment of 2.3 kb encoding CD4-(FKBP)3, obtained by digestion of pIKCD4-(FKBP) 3 with SphI and SalI.
b) Construction of CD4-FKBP-mJAK2 pIKCD4-FKBP-mJAK2 directs the expression of a hybrid protein consisting of the CD4-(FKBP)3 coding sequence joined at its C-terminus to the entire mouse JAK2 Janus kinase by a Val-Asp dipeptide. This plasmid is constructed from two DNA

WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 fragments: l) a vector fragment of 7.6 kb encoding the entire mJAK2, obtained by digestion of pIKCD4-mJAK2 with SphI and SalI, and 2) a fragment of 2.3 kb encoding CD4-(FKBP) 3, obtained by digestion of pIKCD4-(FKBP) 3 with SphI and SalI.

c) Construction o~ CD4-FKBP-mJAK3 pIKCD4-FKBP-mJAK3 directs the expression of a hybrid protein consisting of the CD4-(FKBP) 3 coding se~uence joined at its C-terminus to the entire mouse JAK3 Janus kinase by a Val-Asp dipeptide. This plasmid is constructed from two DNA
fragments: l) a vector ~ragment of 7.7 kb encoding the entire mJAK3, obtained by digestion of pIKCD4-mJAK3 with SphI and SalI, and 2) a fragment of 2.3 kb encoding CD4-(FKBP) 3, obtained by digestion of pIKCD4-(FKBP) 3 with SphI and SalI.

~) Construction o~ CD4-FKBP-hTyk2 pIKCD4-FKBP-hTyk2 directs the expression o~ a hybrid protein consisting of the CD4-(FKBP) 3 coding se~uence joined at its C-terminus to the entire human Tyk2 Janus kinase by a Val-Asp dipeptide. This plasmid is constructed from three DNA
fragments: l) a vector ~ragment of 7.5 kb encoding the C-terminus of hTyk2, obtained by digestion of pIKCD4-hTyk2 with EcoRI and BspEI, 2) a fragment of 2.3 kb encoding the CD4-(FKBP) 3 cassette, obtained by digestion of pIKCD4-(FKBP) 3 with EcoRI and SalI, and 3) a fragment of 0.3 kb encoding the N-terminus of the hTyk2 protein, obtained by digestion of pIKCD4-hTyk2 with SalI and BspEI.

e) Construction o~ CD4-FKBP-hJAK3 pIKCD4-FKBP-hJAK3 directs the expression of a hybrid protein consisting of the CD4-(FKBP) 3 coding sequence joined at its C-terminus to the entire human JAK3 Janus kinase by a Val-Asp dipeptide. This plasmid is constructed from two DNA
' fragments: l) a vector ~ragment of 7.7 kb encoding the entire hJAK3, obtained by digestion o~ pIKCD4-hJAK3 with SphI and WO96/23881 PCT~S96101292 SalI, and 2) a fragment o~ 2.3 kb encoding CD4-(FKBP)3, obtained by digestion o~ pIKCD4-(FKBP)3 with SphI and SalI.

~) Construction o~ CD4-FRBP-IL2R~
pIKCD4-FKBP-hIL2R~ directs the expression o~ a hybrid protein consisting o~ the CD4-(FKBP)3 coding sequence joined at its C-terminus to the hIL2R~ CYT domain by a Val-Asp dipeptide. This plasmid is constructed ~rom two DNA
~ragments: l) a vector ~ragment o~ 5.0 kb encoding the hIL2R~
CYT domain, obtained by digestion o~ pIKCD4-hIL2R~ with SphI
and SalI, and 2) a ~ragment o~ 2.3 kb encoding CD4-(FKBP)3, obtained by digestion o~ pIKCD4-(FKBP)3 with SphI and SalI.

g) Co~struction o~ CD4-FKBP-IL2Ry pIKCD4-FKBP-hIL2Ry directs the expression o~ a hybrid protein consisting o~ the CD4-(FKBP)3 coding se~uence joined at its C-terminus to the hIL2Ry CYT domain by a Val-Asp dipeptide. This plasmid is constructed ~rom two DNA
~ragments: l) a vector ~ragment o~ 4.4 kb encoding the entire mJAKl, obtained by digestion o~ pIKCD4-hIL2Ry with SphI and SalI, and 2) a ~ragment o~ 2.3 kb encoding CD4-(FKBP)3, obtained by digestion o~ pIKCD4-(FKBP)3 with SphI and SalI.

Example 9: CPRs contA;n; n~ antibody extracellular clustering domain, an intracellular cl~stering ~m~; n: ana a Janus kinase or cytokine receptor subunit proli~eration ~; n This class o~ chimeric receptors are created by the insertion o~ an (FKBP)3 cassette into a SAb-Janus kinase or SAb-cytokine receptor subunit CPR between the TM domain and proli~eration signailing domain. The proli~eration signalling domain o~ a Janus kinase or cytokine receptor subunit is joined at the C-terminus o~ SAb-(FKBP) 3 using the SalI site ~hich adds a Val-Asp dipeptide at the junction. Derivatives lacking the Val-Asp dipeptide or cont~;ning other oligo- or polypeptide linkers are constructed by oligonucleotide-CA 0222l634 l997-ll-l9 WO96/23881 PCT~S96/012~2 directed mutagenesis. A similar strategy is used to create CPRs containing an (FKBP) 3 cassette at the C-terminus of the chimeric protein (e.g., SAb-Janus kinase-FKBP and SAb-cytokine receptor subunit-FKBP) by inserting the (FKBP) 3 cassette after the proliferation signalling CYT domain.

a) Construction o~ SAb-FKBP-mJAKl pIKSAb-FKBP-mJAKl directs the expression o~ a hybrid protein consisting of the SAb EXT domain, CD4 TM domain and (FKBP) 3 cassette joined to the entire mouse JAKl Janus kinase by a Val-Asp dipeptide. This plasmid is constructed from three DNA ~ragments: l) a vector fragment of 7.7 kb encoding the entire mJAKl protein, obtained by digestion of pIKCD4-mJAKl with SphI and SalI, 2) a fragment of 17 kb encoding the SAb EXT d~m~; n and a portion of the CD4 TM domain, obtained by digestion of pIKSAb-mJAKl with SphI and NgoMI, and 3) a l.0 kb fragment encoding the remainder of the CD4 TM domain and the (FKBP) 3 cassette, obtained by digestion of pIKCD4-(FKBP) 3 with NgoMI and SalI.
b) Construction o~ SAb-FKsP-mJAK2 pIKSAb-FKBP-mJAK2 directs the expression of a hybrid protein consisting of the SAb EXT domain, CD4 TM domain and (FKBP) 3 cassette joined to the entire mouse JAK2 Janus kinase by a Val-Asp dipeptide. This plasmid is constructed from three DNA ~ragments: l) a vector fragment of 7.6 kb encoding the entire mJAK2 protein, obtained by digestion of pIKCD4-mJAK2 with SphI and SalI, 2) a fragment o~ 0.7 kb encoding the N-terminal portion of the SAb EXT domain, obtained by digestion of pIKsAb-mJAKl with SphI and BamHI, and 3) a ~ragment o~ 2.0 kb encoding the remainder of the SAb EXT
domain, the CD4 TM domain and the (FKBP) 3 cassette, obtained by digestion of pIKSAb-FKBP-mJAKl with BamHI and SalI.

WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 c) Construction o~ SAb-FKBP-mJAK3 pIKSAb-FKBP-mJAK3 directs the expression of a hybrid protein consisting of the SAb EXT domain, CD4 TM domain and (FKBP) 3 cassette joined to the entire mouse JAK3 Janus kinase by a Val-Asp dipeptide. This plasmid is constructed from three DNA fragments: l) a vector fragment of 7.7 kb encoding the entire mJAK3 protein, obtained by digestion of pIKCD4-mJAK3 with SphI and SalI, 2) a fragment of 0.7 kb encoding the N-term; n~l portion of the SAb EXT domain, obtained by digestion of pIKSAb-mJAKl with SphI and BamHI, and 3) a fragment of 2.0 kb encoding the remainder of~the SAb EXT
domain, the CD4 TM domain and the (FKBP)3 cassette, obtained by digestion of pIKSAb-FKBP-mJAKl with BamHI and SalI.
~) Con~truction o~ sA~-FKsp-hTyk2 pIKSAb-FKBP-hTyk2 directs the expression of a hybrid protein consisting of the SAb EXT domain, CD4 TM ~m~;n and (FKBP)3 cassette joined to the entire human Tyk2 Janus kinase by a Val-Asp dipeptide. This plasmid is constructed from three DNA
fragments: l) a vector fragment of 7.5 kb encoding the C-terminus o~ the Tyk2 protein, obtained by digestion of pIKCD4-hTyk2 with EcoRI and BspEI, 2) a fragment of l 6 kb encoding the SAb EXT domain and a portion of the CD4 TM domain, obtained by digestion of pIKSAb-mJAKl witk EcoRI and NgoMI, and 3) a fragment of l.5 kb encoding the remainder of the CD4 TM domain, the (FKBP) 3 cassette and the N-terminus of hTyk2, obtained by digestion o~ pIKCD4-FKBP-hTyk2 with NgoMI and BspEI
e) Construction o~ SA~-FKBP-hJAK3 pIKSAb-FKBP-hJAK3 directs the expression of a hybrid protein consisting of the SAb EXT domain, CD4 TM domain and (FKBP) 3 cassette joined to the entire human JAK3 Janus kinase by a Val-Asp dipeptide. This plasmid is constructed from WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 three DNA fragments: l) a vector fragment of 7.7 kb encoding the entire mJAK2 protein, obtained by digestion of pIKCD4-hJAK3 with SphI and SalI, 2) a fragment of 0.7 kb encoding the N-terminal portion of the SAb EXT domain, obtained by digestion of pIKSAb-mJAKl with SphI and BamHI, and 3) a fragment of 2.0 kb encoding the r~m~;n~er of the SAb EXT
domain, the CD4 TM domain and the (FKBP) 3 cassette, obtained by digestion of pIKSAb-FKBP-mJAKl with BamHI and SalI.

~) Construction o~ SA~-FKBP-IL2R~
pIKSAb-FKBP-hIL2R~ directs the expression of a hybrid protein consisting of the SAb EXT domain, CD4 TM domain and (FKBP) 3 cassette joined to the hIL2R~ CYT domain by a Val-Asp dipeptide. This plasmid is constructed ~rom three DNA
fragments: l) a vector fragment of 5.0 kb encoding the hIL2R~
CYT domain, obtained by digestion of pIKCD4-hIL2R~ with SphI
and SalI, 2) a fragment of 0.7 kb encoding the N-t~rm; n~ 1 portion of the SAb EXT domain, obtained by digestion of pIKSAb-mJAKl with SphI and BamHI, and 3) a fragment of 2.0 kb encoding the remainder o~ the SAb EXT domain, the CD4 TM
domain and the (FKBP) 3 cassette, obtained by digestion o~
pIKSAb-FKBP-mJAKl with BamHI and SalI.

g) Construction o~ SAb-FKBP-IL2Ry pIKSAb-FKBP-hIL2Ry directs the expression of a hybrid protein consisting of the SAb EXT domain, CD4 TM domain and (FKBP) 3 cassette joined to the hIL2Ry CYT domain by a Val-Asp dipeptide. This plasmid is constructed from three DNA
fragments: l) a vector fragment of 4.4 kb encoding the hIL2Ry CYT domain, obtained by digestion of pIKCD4-hIL2Ry with SphI
and SalI, 2) a fragment of 0.7 kb encoding the N-terminal portion of the SAb EXT domain, obtained by digestion o~
pIKSAb-mJAKl with SphI and BamHI, and 3) a ~ragment of 2.0 kb W O 96/23881 PCTrUS96/01292 encoding the remainder o~ the SAb EXT domain, the CD4 TM
domain and the (FKBP) 3 cassette, obtained by digestion o~
pIKSAb-FKBP-mJAKl with BamHI and SalI.

~mrle lO: Expression of CPRs To determine whether CPR polypeptides can be expressed and properly folded, each construct was initially transfected into a model m~mm~l ian cell, the human 293 embryonic kidney cell line (ATCC CRL1573).
Following transfection, the expression of each construct was evaluated by radioimmunoprecipitation, and its transport to the cell surface (for CPRs comprising a ligand-receptor or-antibody EXT domain) was evaluated by fluorescent-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis.
:
a) Transfection of ~llm~n 293 cells with CPR expression vectors CPRs were constructed in pIK mammalian expression plasmids as described and trans~ected into human 293 cells. 293 cells were grown in complete DMEM (JRH
Biosciences, Lenexa, KS), 1 g/l glucose, 10% donor calf serum (JRH Biosciences) and passaged at 1:10 split ratio every 3 days. Twenty-four hours prior to transfection, 293 cells were plated at 5x105 cells per 10 cm plate.
Ten micrograms of piasmid DNA was transfected onto a 10 cm dish of 293 cells by the calcium phosphate coprecipitation method (Wigler et al. (1979) Cell 16:777). Twenty-~our hours after transfection, the cells were ~ed with fresh complete DMEM media. The expression of CPRs was evaluated by FACS analysis and radioimmunoprecipitation at 48 hours post-trans~ection.

b) FACS analysis of CPR expression in 293 cells Transfected 293 cells were rinsed once with PBS and incubated in 150mM NaCl, 40mM Tris-HCl pH7.5, lmM EDTA

CA 0222l634 l997-ll-l9 WO96/23881 PCT~S96101292 solution for 5 minutes at room temperature. Cells were collected from plates, centrifuged and resuspended in PBS/1% FCS. Approximately 1x106 cells/sample were stained directly with saturating concentrations of a fluorescein (FITC)-conjugated anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody (MAb) (Becton Dickinson Immunocytometry Systems, San Jose, CA). Mouse FITC-IgG1 and PE-IgG2a were used as negative control MAbs. 293 cells trans~ected with 10 ~g o~ PIKF3, which expresses CD4-~, were used as a positive control. All FACS analyses were per~ormed in a FACScan (Becton Dickinson) as previously described (Weiss and Stobo, (1984) ~. Exp. Med., 160:1284-1299). FACS
analysis o~ cells trans~ected with CPRS cont~; n; ng a CD4 EXT clustering domain demonstrated that up to 50% o~
cells were stained positive with the anti-CD4 MAb (Fig.
3). 293 cells trans~ected with CPR constructs containing a SAb EXT clustering domain are evaluated ~or expression o~ the CPR by staining with a ~luorescein-conjugated mouse anti-human Ig MAb, using isotype-matched mouse FITC-IgG as a negative control. 293 cells trans~ected with CPR constructs containing an intracellular clustering domain (e.g., FKBP, glucocorticoid receptor) are evaluated ~or expression o~ the CPR by ~irst partially permeabilizing the cells with 70% methanol ~or 30 seconds on ice, ~ollowed by staining the cells with FITC-conjugated anti-PSD antibody (see Example lOC). An isotype matched mouse FITC-IgG is used as a negative control.

c) Radio;mmllnoprecipitation o~ CPRs expressed in 293 cell~
Transfected 293 cells were rinsed once with RPMI
medium lacking methionine. Cells were cultured ~or additional 8 hours in 2 ul o~ methionine-de~icient RPMI
supplemented with 200 ~Ci [35S]-methionine (1160 C/mmol, ICN Biomedicals, Inc., Irvine, CA). The labelled cells WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 were lysed in RIPA bu~fer (50 mM Tris, 150 mM NaCl, l~
Triton-X l00, 0.5~ deoxycholate, 0.1% sodium dodecyl sul~ate (SDS)). For immunoprecipitation, cell lysates were precleared with l0 ~l Pansorbin (Calbiochem, La Jolla, CA) and incubated with either OKT4A (anti-CD4) (Ortho Diagnostic Systems, Raritan, NJ), polyclonal anti-mouse/human JAKl (UBI, Lake Placid, NY), polyclonal anti-mouse JAK2 (UBI), or polyclonal anti-mouse JAK3 (UBI), at 4~C for l hour. Ten microliters of Pansorbin was then added to the lysates to precipitate the antibody-bound antigen. Immunoprecipitates were washed three times in RIPA bu~fer, boiled in SDS sample bu~er (50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 6.8, l00 mM DTT, 2% SDS, 0.l~
bromophenol blue, 10% glycerol) and analyzed by 8% SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ~SDS-PAGE). Gels were ~ixed in 20% methanol/ 10% acetic acid and soaked in Enlightening solution (NEN Research Products, Boston, MA) ~or 15 min, dried and subjected to autoradiography.
SDS-PAGE analysis revealed the expression o~ CPRs in 293 cells o~ the expected molecular mass (Fig. 4) ~mrle ll: Biochemical ana biological properties o~
CPRs expresse~ in hl-m~ CD8 T cells a) Construction o~ CPR-expressing retroviral vectors Sequences encoding the CPRs CD4-mJAKl, Cp4-~-mJAKl, CD4-mJAK3, CD4-~-mJAK3, CD4-hTyk2, and CD4-~-hTyk2 were inserted between the EcoRI and ApaI sites in pIKl.l, and were subsequently excised and inserted between analogous EcoRI and ApaI sites o~ pRT43.2F3, described in U.S.
Pa~ent Application 08/258,152 incorporated herein in its entirety by re~erence, generally as two sub~ragments to avoid internal EcoRI or ApaI sites within the CPR

WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 constructs. One skilled in the art can readily devise schemes for producing retroviral vectors containing other CPRs.

b) Infection o~ h.-~ CD8 T cells with CPR-~xpr~sing r~troviral vectors Human CD8 T lymphocytes were isolated from peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) obtained from healthy donors by purification with the CEPRATE LC system (CellPro, Inc., Bothell, WA), ~ollowed by negative selection against CD4 cells using a T-25 MicroCELLector (AIS, Inc.,~ Santa Clara, CA). The final purified cell population contained greater than 98% CD8+ cells according to FACS analysis. Immediately after purification, cells were stimulated for 24 hours with an equal number of y-irradiated autologous PBMCs in AIM-V
media (GibcoBRL, Grand Island, NY) cont~;n-ng l0 ng/,ul of OKT3 MAb and l00 units of human IL-2 (Chiron Corp., Emeryville, CA). Cells were then washed free of OKT3 and cultured in AR media (50% AIM-V, 50% RPMI, 4 mM
Glutamine, 20 mM Hepes, 1 mM Na-Pyruvate, non-essential amino acids, and l00 units human IL-2) supplemented with 5% heat inactivated human AB plasma (Sigma, St. Louis, MO). Retrovirus was prepared in the TIN-4 cell line derived from thymidine kinase-expressing human 293 cells For the transduction of human CD8 cells, TIN-4 cells were seeded at 5x105 cell/plate in 6-well plates (Corning Glass, Corning, NY) in complete DMEM medium 48 hours prior to transfection. Ten micrograms of CPR
construct in the retroviral vector pRT43.2 were transfected per plate in the absence or presence of packaging plasmids by the calcium phosphate coprecipitation method. Following transfection, l.5 ml . of fresh AR medium containing l00 units/ml of human IL-2 was added to each well of the plate. Three hours later, WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 5x105 o~ CD8+ T cells in AR media containing lO0 units/ml o~ human IL-2 and 2 ~g/ml of polybrene were added to each well of the plate. CD8+ T cells were removed from the 6-well plates 24 hours later and then transduced a second time by the same procedure. Newly transduced CD8 T cells were maintained in AR media.

c) FACS analysis o~ CPR expression in hllm~n CD8 T
cells At various times following transduction, CD8 T
cells were harvested and washed with PBS/1% FCS.
Approximately lxlO6 CD8 T cells were stained with specific antibodies for FACS analysis as described in Example lOB. As shown in Table l, chimeric proli~eration receptors can be expressed on the sur~ace of CD8 T cells.
TABLE I
Transduction%Positive in CD8+ T Cells Mock l.7 CD4-~ 18.2 CD4-mJAKl 4 o CD4-mJAK3 3.8 CD4-hTyk2 7.5 CD4-~-hTyk2 4.6 d) Tmm~noprecipitation analysis of CPR expression in hllm~n CD8 T cells At various times ~ollowing transduction, human CD8 T cells are harvested and placed in methionine-depleted AR media supplemented with 200 ~Ci [35S]-methionine (1160 Ci/mmol, ICN Biomedicals, Inc.). Celis are lysed in RIPA buffer, precleared with lO ,ul Pansorbin (except cells expresssed SAb-cont~;n;ng CPRs) (Calbiochem, La CA 0222l634 l997-ll-l9 WO96/23881 PCT~S96101292 Jolla, CA), and then incubated with either OKT4A (Ortho Diagnostic Systems), polyclonal anti-mouse/human JAK1 (UBI, Lake Placid, NY), polyclonal anti-mouse JAK2 (UBI), or polyclonal anti-mouse JAK3 (UBI) at 4~C ~or 1 hour. Ten microliters o~ Pansorbin are then added to the lysates to precipitate the antibody-bound antigen.
The immunoprecipitates are washed three times in RIPA
buf~er, boiled in SDS sample buffer and analyzed by 7.5% SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Gels are ~ixed in 20% methanol/ 10% acetic acid and then soaked in Enlightening solution (NEN Research Products, Boston, MA) ~or 15 minutes, dried and subjected to autoradiography. SDS-PAGE analysis reveals the molecular mass o~ CPRs expressed in human CD8 T cells.
e) Analysis o~ CPR-expressing h~ n CD8 T cells for phosphotyrosine content To assess the phosphotyrosine content o~ human CD8 T cells expressing CPRs, 5X106 cells are lysed in protein phosphotyrosine lysis bu~er (1~ Nonidet P-40, 150 mM NaCl, 10 mM Tris-~C1, pH 7.5, 1 mM
phenylmethylsul~onyl ~luoride, 10 ~g/ml aprotinin, 10 ~g/ml pepstatin, 100 uM orthovanadate) at 4~C ~or 15 min, and immunoprecipitated with either OKT4A, anti-human/mouse JAK1, anti-mouse JAK2, anti-mouse JAK3, anti-human JAK3 or anti-human-Tyk2. The immunoprecipitates are separated by 7.5% SDS-PAGE and the proteins are transferred electrophoretically to a nitrocellulose membrane in trans~er bu~er (20 mM Tris, 150 mM glycine, 20 % methanol, 0.2% SDS) at 50 volts ~or 4 hours. Membranes are blocked in TBST (10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8, 150 mM NaC1, 0.05% Tween-20) containing 1% BSA and then incubated with primary anti-phosphotyrosine ,, WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 antibody 4G10 (usI). The membrane is developed using the enhanced chemiluminescence tECL) detection system (Amersham, Arlington Hei~ht, IL).

~) Analysis of CP~-expressing 1 ~ CD8 T cell lygates for in Vitro kinaso activity As JAK kinases have the ability to be autophosphorylated, human CD8 T cells expressing CPRs are evaluated for their CPR-associated tyrosine kinase activity. Immunoprecipitates prepared ~rom CPR-transduced human CD8~ T cells using either OKT4A, anti-human Fc Mab, anti-human/mouse JAKl, anti-mouse JAK2, anti-mouse JAK3, anti-human JAK3 or anti-human-Tyk2, as described above, are washed three times with protein tyrosine lysis bu~fer and once with kinase bu~fer (10 mM
MnCl2, 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5). Kinase reactions are per~ormed in 25 ~1 of kinase ~uffer containing 10 ~Ci y-[32-P3ATP (95,000 Ci/mmole, Amersham). Following a 5 minute incubation at 25~C, the reactions are terminated by addition of equal volume of 2xSDS sample buf~er, boiled for 5 minutes and subjected to SDS-PAGE. The gel is fixed, treated with 1 M KOH at 55~c ~or 1 hour to remove serine/threonine phosphorylated residues, re~ixed, dried and subjected to autoradiography.
. . . ~
g) Proli~erative reSpOnSQ o~ CPR-expressing hllm~ CD8 T cells To evaluate the ability of CPR-expressing CD8 T
cells to proli~erate in an antigen-driven or inducer molecule-driven fashion, cells are ~irst rested by serum starvation ~or 16 hours. Cells are then placed in culture dishes coated with saturating concentrations o~ ~
either OKT4A, anti-human Fc Mab, gpl20, gpl60-expressing cells, gp41/gpl20-expressing cells, HIV-l infected cells or FK1012. After 5 to 48 hours, the total cell numbers CA 0222l634 l997-ll-l9 WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 is determined by counting, following staining with trypan blue/PBS. The cell number is compared with the original cell number, and the cell numbers obtained after starvation with or without stimulation with media cont~;n;ng human serum. In addition, analysis of cellular proli~eration is carried out by measuring radioactive thymidine incorporation. Cells are starved for 16 hours and aliquoted in quadruplicate into microliter plates at 5x104 cells/well. The plates are either coated with OKT4A or anti-gpl20, gpl60-expressing cells, gp41/gpl20-expressing cells, HIV-1 infected cells or FK1012. Cells are cultured under these conditions for up to three days, and thymidine incorporation is measured in a liquid scintillation counter after pulsing the cells for the last 8 hours with 1 ~Ci/well o~
[ H]thymidine (NEN Corp, Boston, MA).

h) ~-myc induction in CPR-expressing h-7m~ CD8+ T cells To evaluate the induction of the c-myc proto-oncogene in CPR-expressing CD8+ T cells stimulated with a specific antigen or inducer molecule, mRNA is prepared using a Fast Track mRNA isolation kit (Invitrogen, San Diego, CA). Two micrograms of mRNA is denatured with formaldehyde/formamide and run on a 1% agarose-formaldehyde gel as described (Sambrook et al, Molecular Cl oning, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1989). The mRNA is transferred overnight by capillary action to a nitrocellulose membrane (Schleicher and Schuell, Keene, NH) in 10X SSC buffer. The membrane is hybridized overnight with a c-myc probe at 65~C in 6X SSC, 0.5%
sodium dodecyl sulfate and 100 mg/ml of denatured herring sperm DNA, washed in 0.2X SSC and subjected to autoradiography. The c-myc probe is prepared with a 1 kb ClaI-EcoRI fragment obtained from pMyc6514 (Battey et 3~5 al, Cell 34, 779-787, 1983) which contains the third exon of human c-myc. Radiolabelling of the probe is carried CA 0222l634 l997-ll-l9 WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 by random priming with E. coli DNA polymerase, dNTPs and t32-P]dCTP (3000 Ci/mmole, Amersham, Arlington Heights, IL) as described (Sambrook et al). As a control ~or the amount of RNA loaded on the gel, the nitrocellulose membrane is rehybridized with a 1.3 kb mouse ~-actin probe (Stratagene, La Jolla, CA). A PhosphoImager (Molecular Devices, Menlo Park, CA) is used to quantitate the amount of probe bound to the membrane.

i) Calcium mobilization re~ponse in CPR-expressing h~7~n CD8~ T cells The mobilization of intracellular ~Ca2+] by CPR-expressing human CD8+ T cells is measured using Indo-1 acetomethoxyester (Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR) on a FACStar Plus (Beckton Dickinson). Cells are collected by centrifugation, resuspended at 3xl06/ml in complete medium containing 1 mM Indo-1 (Grynkiewicz et al., (1985) ~. Biol. Chem. 260:3440-3450) and incubated at 37~C for 45 min. The Indo-1-loaded cells are pelleted and resuspended at lxl06/ml in serum-free medium. Cells are then stimulated by treatment with either saturating levels of OKT4A or anti-human Fc Mab and cross-linking goat anti-mouse IgG, gpl20, gpl60-expressing cells, HIV-1 infected cells or FK1012, and fluorescence is measured. Maximal fluorescence is determined after lysis of cells with Triton X-100; m;n;m~l fluorescence is obtained after chelation of Ca2 with EGTA.
Intracellular [Ca2+] is determined using the following equation: [Ca ]=Kd (Fobserved - Fmin)/(Fmax - Fobserved)~
with Kd=250 nM as described (Grynkiewicz, 1985).

CA 0222l634 1997-ll-l9 Wo 96/238~1 PCT/USg61012g2 j) Cytolytic activity o~ CPR-ox~?rQssing h~ CD8 T
coll~
To determine the cytolytic activity of CPR-expressing human CD8 T cells, in vitro cytolytic assays are carried out with target cells expressing HIV-l antigens. Gpl60-expressing 293 cells or HIV-l infected human T cells are labeled at 37~C overnight with lO~lCi [ H]TdR (Roberts et al., Blood 84:2878-2889 (1994)), washed and aliquoted to 96-well V-bottom plates at lxlO4/well. Serial dilutions of CPR-expressing human CD8 T cells are made to achieve an effector to target (E:T) ratio ranging from 100:1 to 0.1:1. Sample are set up in triplicate and incubations are carried out for 6 hours at 37~C. Following incubation, aliquots of~ the culture supernatant are removed and counted in a liquid scintillation counter. Spontaneous release (SR) is obtained in a negative control sample lacking CPR-expressing human CD8 T cells; maximum release (MR) is obtained from a positive control sample by lysing target cells with lN HCl. The percent specific lysis is calculated from the following equation:
% specific lysis=(SRcpm - Samplecpm)/(samplecpm -MRCpm)X100%.

W096/23881 PCT~S96101292 Example 12: Proliforative activity of CPRs exprassed in murino fibroblast colls.
This example illustrates the ability of CPRs to signal proliferation in the murine fibroblast cell line, 3T3.
Retroviral vectors encoding the CPRs were prepared and used to transduce 3T3 cells. After transduction, the growth of these cells was arrested by serum starvation. The cells were then stimulated to proliferate by treatment with the OKT4 monoclonal antibody which specifically interacts with CD4, the extracellular clustering domain expressed by the particular CPR on the cell sur~ace of the transduced 3T3 cells prepared in this example.

a) Infection o~ murine 3T3 cells with CPR-expressing retroviral vectors 3T3 cells were in~ected with retroviral vectors expressing the ~ollowing constructs: CD4-~,CD4,CD4-mJAKl, CD4-~-mJAKl,CD4-mJAK2, CD4-~-mJAK2, CD4-mJAK3, CD4-~-mJAK3, CD4-hTyk2, CD4-~-hTyk2, CD4-hJAK3, CD4-~-hJAK3, CD4-IL-2R~, CD4-~-IL-2-R~,CD4-IL-2R~,and CD4-~-IL-2-R~. The CD4-~and CD4 constructs, previously described by Capon et al. in U.S.

Patent No. 5,359,046, both express a CD4 extracellular domain. The CD4-~construct contains the ~cytoplasmic domain, while the CD4 construct contains the CD4 cytoplasmic domain.

CA 0222l634 l997-ll-l9 WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 Retroviral vectors encoding the CPRs listed above were prepared from the plasmid expression vectors described above and used to prepare recombinant retrovirus according to the methods disclosed in by Finer et al. in WO 94/29438 . Briefly, the retroviral stocks were prepared as follows.

The packaging vector pIK6.lMCVampac UT~ and the retroviral vectors were transiently co-transfected by the calcium phosphate coprecipitation method into the human tsa54 cell line. tsa54 cells, derived from 293 cells by the transfection of Large SV40 T antigen (Heinzel et al., J. of Virol. 62 (10): 3738-3746 (1988)), were grown in DMEM (JRH
Biosciences, Lenexa, Kansas), 1 g/l glucose, 10% Donor calf serum (Tissue Culture Biologicals) and split 1:10 every three days. Twenty-four hours following transfection the medium was changed. After an additional twenty-four hours, the viral supernatants were harvested, filtered through a .45 ~m filter and frozen on dry ice.

The retroviral supernatants were used to infect 3T3 cells. The 3T3 cells (ATCC CRL 1573, ATCC, Rockville, MD) were grown in DMEM (JRH Biosciences, Lenexa, Kansas), 4.5 g/l glucose, 10% Donor calf serum (Tissue Culture siologicals) and split 1:10 every three days. 3T3 cells were plated at 5 x 105 cells per 10 cm plate twenty-four hours prior to in~ection. Infections were carried out in 5 _ ml media containing 500 ~l viral supernatant and 8 ~g/ml polybrene (Sigma Chemical Co., Saint Louis, MO). Twenty-~our hours ~ollowing in~ection, the media was changed to polybrene-free media and the cells were grown for an _ WO96123881 PCT~S96/01292 additional twenty-four hours. Cells were then harvested and prepared for FACS analysis as described in Example l0b.
Between 19% and 80 % of the transduced cells expressed the CPRs on their cell surface.
e b) Proliforati~Q rosponse of CPR-exprossing 3T3 c~lls The proliferative signaling activity of the CPRs on the transduced 3T3 cells was evaluated by first arresting l0 the growth of the 3T3 cells using serum-depletion and then cross-linking the CD4 extracellular signaling domains using the CD4-speci~ic OKT4 monoclonal antibody.

The proliferation of the CPR-expressing 3T3 cells was 15 arrested by incubating the cells in 0.l % serum. After a sixteen hour incubation, the cells were stimulated with specific antibody as follows: Ninety-six well plates were coated with l00 ~l of l0 ~g/ml purified sheep anti-mouse IgG ~(Organon Teknika, Durham, NC) for two hours at room 20 temperature, then washed three times with phosphate buffered saline Plates were then treated either with anti-CD4 antibody or with a non-specific antibody (MOPCl41) which does not interact with the extracellular dom~; n.~ of the above prepared CPRs. Fifty ~l of conditioned medium from the OKT4 hybridoma cells (ATCC CRL 8002, ATCC, Rockville, MD) or 50 ~l of purified MOPC141 myeloma protein (Organon Teknika, Durham, NC) at 5 ~g/ml were added to the plates. The plates were then incubated for two hours at room temperature and washed free of the -88- -=

CA 0222l634 l997-ll-l9 WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 antibodies. The growth-arrested transduced 3T3 cells expressing the ~h;m~ic proliferation receptor proteins, as well as untransduced control cells were ali~uoted in triplicate at 3 x 103 cells per well in these dishes and incubated. Sixty-four hours later, cells were incubated for an additional six hours with l~Ci/well of [3H]thymidine. Incorporation of tritiated thymidine was measured in a li~uid scintillation counter. Figure 5 shows the ratio of incorporation in the presence of crosslinking antibody ( OKT4 ) to that in the presence of control antibody (MOPC141 ) . All of the CPR-expressing cells showed a significant proliferative response over the background responses of untransduced control cells or of 3T3 cells transduced with the CD4 construct. The ~domain appears to contribute to some extent to the proliferative signaling activity of several of the CPR molecules containing a domain. The proliferative signaling activity of CPR
constructs containing intracellular dom~;n~ from the human Tyk2, human JAK3 and IL-2Rb domains was particular strong, with a specific proliferative index of from ten to sixteen Accordingly, this example demonstrates that ch;m~ic proliferation receptors are capable of initiating proliferation in m~mm~l ian cells after specific stimulation through their extracellular domains.

-WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 All publications, pa~ents, and patent applications mentioned in this speci~ication are herein incorporated by re~erence to the same extent as i~ each indivdual publication or patent application was speci~ically and individually S indicated to be incorporated by re~erence.

The invention now being ~ully described, it will be apparent to one o~ ordinary skill in the art that many changes and modi~ications can be made thereto without departing ~rom the spirit or scope o~ the appended claims.

WOg6/23881 PCT~S96/01292 SEQUENCE LISTING

(l) GENERAL INFORMATION:

(i) APPLICANT: CAPON, DANIEL J
TIAN, HUAN
SMITH, DOUGLAS H
WINSLOW, GENINE A
SIEKEVITZ, MIRIAM

(ii) TITLE OF INVENTION: CHIMERIC RECEPTORS FOR
REGULATING
CELLULAR PROLIFERATION AND EFFECTOR FUNCTION
(iii) NUMBER OF SEQUENCES: 3l (iv) CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS:
(A) ADDRESSEE: CELL GENESYS, INC.
(B) STREET: 322 LAKESIDE DRIVE
(C) CITY: FOSTER CITY
(D) STATE: CALIFORNIA
(E) COUNTRY: USA
(F) ZIP: 94404 (v) COMPUTER READABLE FORM:
(A) MEDIUM TYPE: Floppy disk (B) COMPUTER: IBM PC compatible (C) OPERATING SYSTEM: PC-DOS/MS-DOS
(D) SOFTWARE: PatentIn Release #l 0, Version ~l.25 -(vi) CURRENT APPLICATION DATA:
~ (A) APPLICATION NUMBER:
(B) FILING DATE:

CA 0222l634 l997-ll-l9 WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 (C) CLASSIFICATION:

(viii) ATTORNEY/AGENT INFORMATION:
(A) NAME: KRUPEN, KAREN I
(B) REGISTRATION NUMBER: 34,647 (C) REFERENCE/DOCKET NUMBER: CELL 17 (ix) TELECOMMUNICATION INFORMATION:
(A) TELEPHONE: (415) 358-9600 x131 (B) TELEFAX: (415) 349-7392 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:l:

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 39 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: llnear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:l:

CCTGCTGAAC TTCACTCTGT CGACACAGAA GAAGATGCC

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:2:

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 40 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single CA 0222l634 l997-ll-l9 WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) .r (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:2:

TCGACATGCA GTATCTAAAT ATAAAAGAGG ACTGCAATGC

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:3:

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 40 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:3:
CATGGCATTG CAGTCCTCTT TTATATTTAG ATACTGCATG

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:4:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 21 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid ~ (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:4:

TATGTGTCAG TGGGGCGGGC C

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:5:

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 15 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid . (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:5:

CGCCCCACTG ACACA
: 15 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:6:

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 41 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:6:
.
GTAAGGCAGG CCATTCCCAT GTCGACACAG AAGAAGATGC C

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:7:

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: l6 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear .
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:7:

TCTGTGTCGA CATGGG

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:8:

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 45 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) ., WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:8:

TCGACATGGC ACCTCCAAGT GAGGAGACAC CTCTGATCCC TCAGC

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:9:

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 41 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) _ . . . .

(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:9:

GCTGAGGGAT CAGAGGTGTC TCCTCACTTG GAGGTGCCAT G

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:l0:

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 23 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE::DNA (genomic) WO96/23881 PCT~S96101292 (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:l0:

GATCCCTAGT TTATTCATGG GCC

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:ll:

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 15 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:ll:

CATGAATAAA CTAGG

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:12:

~5 (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 42 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear 'O
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) ~5 (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:12:

CA 0222l634 l997-ll-l9 WO96/23881 PCT~S96101292 CATCCCCCAG TGGCGCAGAG GCATGTCGAC AGAGTGAAGT TC

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:13:

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 16 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:13:

GTCGACATGC CTCTGC
. 16 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:14:

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 39 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:14:

~5 GGGCCGCCGG AATTCCATGT CGACACAGAA GAAGATGCC

WO96/23881 PCT~S96101292 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:l5:

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 16 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:15:

TCTGTGTCGA CATGGA

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:16:

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 17 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:16:

CCTCAACAGG GTCCTTC

_99 _ CA 0222l634 l997-ll-l9 WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:17:

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 30 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:17:

GCTGATCGTC GACAACTGCA GGAACACCGG

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:18:

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 31 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:18:

CATCTGTGAT ATCTCTACAC CAAGTGAGTT G . --(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:l9:

-WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 40 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:l9:

GAAGAGCAAG CGCCATGTTG AAGCCATCAT TACCATTCAC

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:20:

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 40 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:20:

AGCCTGAAAC CTGAACCCCA ATCCTCTGAC AGAAGAACCC

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:2l:

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:

WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 (A) LENGTH: 49 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (i1) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:21:

CTGGCTGGTC GACGAACGGA CGATGCCCCG CATTCCCACC CTGAAGAAC

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:22:

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 32 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:22:

GATTGGGGGA TATCTCAGGT TTCAGGCTTT AG
: 32 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:23:

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 42 base pairs WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:23:
GAAATCCCCT GGCTGTTAGT CGACGCGAGG GGGCAGGGCC TG

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:Z4:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 16 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:24:

TGTTAGTCGA CGCGAG -(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:25:

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
~ (A) LENGTH: 30 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:25:

GGTCCACTCG AGATGGCCAG CAGCGGCATG

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:26:

.(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 41 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: l inear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:26:

CCAGGTCCGA TATCTTAGTC GACGTTCACC ACGTCATAGT A

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:27:

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 32 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid f (C) STRANDEDNESS: single -104- ~==

WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) .j (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:27:

GACTGACTCT CGAGGGCGTG CAGGTGGAAA CC

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:28:

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 32 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:28:
GACTGACTGT CGACTTCCAG TTTTAGAAGC TC

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:29:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 18 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single ~5 (D) TOPOLOGY: linear WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:29:

AATTCAAGGC CACAATGC

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:30:

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 18 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - -(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:30:

TCGAGCATTG TGGCCTTG

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:3l:

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 14 amino acids (B) TYPE: amino acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide -l06-WO96/23881 PCT~S96/01292 (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:31:

Gly Ser Thr Ser Gly Ser Gly Lys Ser Ser Glu Gly Lys Gly

Claims (71)

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A chimeric DNA sequence encoding a membrane bound protein, said DNA sequence comprising in reading frame:
a DNA sequence encoding a signal sequence;
a DNA sequence encoding an extracellular inducer-responsive clustering domain that binds specifically to at least one inducer molecule which results in the dimerization or oligomerization of said extracellular domain;
a DNA sequence encoding a transmembrane domain; and a DNA sequence encoding a proliferation signaling domain which encodes a polypeptide that signals the cells to proliferate, wherein said extracellular domain and proliferation signaling domain are not naturally joined together, and when said chimeric DNA sequence is expressed as a membrane bound protein in a selected host cell under conditions suitable for expression, said membrane bound protein initiates a signal for proliferation in said host cell upon binding to an inducer molecule.

2. The DNA sequence according to claim 1, wherein said proliferation signaling domain is the cytoplasmic portion of a member of the cytokine receptor protein superfamily that does not contain a kinase domain

3 The DNA sequence according to claim 2, wherein said cytokine receptor protein superfamily is selected from the group consisting of the interleukin-2 receptor subfamily, the interleukin-3 subfamily, the interleukin-6 receptor subfamily and combinations thereof.

4. The DNA sequence according to claim 1, wherein said proliferation signaling domain is selected from the group consisting of interleukin-2 receptor beta, protein interleukin-2 receptor gamma protein, and combinations thereof.

5. The DNA sequence according to claim 1 wherein said proliferation signaling domain is selected from the eukaryotic family of Janus tyrosine kinases.

6. The DNA sequence according to claim 1 wherein said extracellular inducer responsive clustering domain is an antibody or single-chain antibody or portions or modifications thereof containing inducer binding and clustering activity.

7. The DNA sequence according to claim 1 wherein said extracellular inducer responsive clustering domain is a cell differentiation antigen.

8. The DNA sequence according to claim 7 wherein said cell differentiation antigen is selected from the group consisting of CD4 or CD8.

9. The DNA sequence according to claim 1 wherein said transmembrane domain is naturally associated with said extracellular inducer responsive clustering domain.

10. The DNA sequence according to claim 1 wherein said transmembrane domain is naturally associated with said proliferation signaling domain.

11. A chimeric DNA sequence encoding a membrane bound protein, said DNA sequence comprising in reading frame:
a DNA sequence encoding a signal sequence;
a DNA sequence encoding an extracellular inducer-responsive clustering domain that binds specifically to at least one inducer molecule which results in the dimerization or oligomerization of said extracellular domain;
a DNA sequence encoding a transmembrane domain;
a DNA sequence encoding a proliferation signaling domain which encodes a polypeptide that signals the cells to proliferate; and a DNA sequence encoding a cytoplasmic effector function signaling domain which encodes a polypeptide that transduces an effector function signal in a host cell;
wherein said extracellular domain and proliferation signaling domain are not naturally joined together, and when said chimeric DNA sequence is expressed as a membrane bound protein in a selected host cell under conditions suitable for expression, said membrane bound protein initiates a signal for proliferation and effector function in said host cell upon binding to an inducer molecule.

12. A chimeric DNA sequence encoding a membrane bound protein, said DNA sequence comprising in reading frame:
a DNA sequence encoding a signal sequence;
a DNA sequence encoding an extracellular inducer-responsive clustering domain that binds specifically to at least one inducer molecule which results in the dimerization or oligomerization of said extracellular domain;

a DNA sequence encoding a transmembrane domain;
a DNA sequence encoding a cytoplasmic effector function signaling domain which encodes a polypeptide that transduces an effector function signal in a host cell; and a DNA sequence encoding a proliferation signaling domain which encodes a polypeptide that signals the cells to proliferate;
wherein said extracellular domain and proliferation domain are not naturally joined together, and when said chimeric DNA sequence is expressed as a membrane bound protein in a selected host cell under conditions suitable for expression, said membrane bound protein initiates a signal for proliferation and effector function in said host cell upon binding to an inducer molecule.

13. The DNA sequence according to claim 11 or 12, wherein said proliferation signaling domain is a member of the cytoplasmic portion of a member of the cytokine receptor protein superfamily that does not contain a kinase domain.

14. The DNA sequence according to claim 11 or 12, wherein said cytokine receptor protein superfamily is selected from the group consisting of the interleukin-2 receptor subfamily, the interleukin-3 subfamily, the interleukin-6 receptor subfamily and combinations thereof.

15. The DNA sequence according to claim 11 or 12, wherein said proliferation signaling domain is selected from the group consisting of interleukin-2 receptor beta protein, interleukin-2 receptor gamma protein, and combinations thereof.

16. The DNA sequence according to claim 11 or 12 wherein said proliferation signaling domain is selected from the eukaryotic family of Janus tyrosine kinases.

17. The DNA sequence according to claim 11 or 12 wherein said extracellular inducer responsive clustering domain is an antibody or single-chain antibody or portions or modifications thereof containing inducer binding and clustering activity.

18. The DNA sequence according to claim 11 or 12 wherein said extracellular inducer responsive clustering domain is a cell differentiation antigen.

19. The DNA sequence according to claim 11 or 12 wherein said extracellular inducer responsive clustering domain is a cell differentiation antigen selected from the group consisting of CD4 and CD8.

20. The DNA sequence according to claim 12 wherein said transmembrane domain is naturally associated with said extracellular inducer-responsive domain or said cytoplasmic effector function signaling domain.

21. The DNA sequence according to claim 11 wherein said transmembrane domain is naturally joined to said proliferation signaling domain or said effector function signaling domain.

22. The DNA sequence according to claim 11 or 12 wherein said effector function signaling domain is selected from the group consisting of the zeta and eta chains of the T-cell receptor, the beta and gamma chains of Fc~R1 receptor, the MB1(Ig alpha) and B29 (Ig beta) chain of the B cell receptor,the BLVgp30 protein, the CD3 delta, gamma and epsilon chains of the T-cell receptor, and the syk and src families of tyrosine kinases.

23. A chimeric DNA sequence encoding an intracellular proliferation receptor protein, said DNA
chimeric sequence comprising in reading frame:
a DNA sequence encoding an intracellular inducer-responsive clustering domain that binds specifically to at least one inducer molecule which results in the dimerization or oligomerization of said intracellular domain; and a DNA sequence encoding a proliferation signaling domain which encodes a polypeptide that signals a host cell to proliferate in said host cell, wherein said intracellular domain and proliferation signaling domain are not naturally joined together and when said chimeric DNA sequence is expressed in a selected host cell under conditions suitable for expression said intracellular proliferation receptor protein initiates a signal for proliferation in said host cell upon binding to an inducer molecule.

24. The DNA sequence according to claim 23, wherein said proliferation signaling domain is the cytoplasmic portion of a member of the cytokine receptor protein superfamily that does not contain a kinase domain.

25. The DNA sequence according to claim 23, wherein said cytokine receptor protein superfamily is selected from the group consisting of the interleukin-2 receptor subfamily, the interleukin-3 subfamily, the interleukin-6 receptor subfamily, and combinations thereof.

26. The DNA sequence according to claim 23, wherein said proliferation signaling domain is selected from the group consisting of the interleukin-2 receptor beta protein, inteleukin-2 receptor gamma protein, and combinations thereof.

27. The DNA sequence according to claim 23, wherein said proliferation signaling domain is selected from eukaryotic family of Janus tyrosine kinases.

28. The DNA sequence according to claim 23 wherein said intracellular inducer responsive clustering domain binds to a natural or synthetic inducer that is cell membrane permeable and induces the clustering of said intracellular inducer responsive domain.

29. The DNA sequence according to claim 23 wherein said clustering domain is selected from the group of immunophilins, cyclophilins and steroid receptors.

30. A chimeric DNA sequence encoding a intracellular proliferation receptor protein, said DNA
sequence comprising in reading frame:
a DNA sequence encoding an intracellular inducer-responsive clustering domain that binds specifically to at least one inducer molecule which results in the dimerization or oligomerization of said intracellular domain;
a DNA sequence encoding a proliferation signaling domain which encodes a polypeptide that signals a host cell to proliferate; and a DNA sequence encoding a cytoplasmic effector function signaling domain which encodes a polypeptide that transduces an effector function signal in a host cell;
wherein said intracellular domain and proliferation domain are not naturally joined together, and when said chimeric DNA sequence is expressed as an intracellular proliferation receptor protein in a selected host cell under conditions suitable for expression, said intracellular receptor protein initiates a signal for proliferation and effector function in said host cell upon binding to an inducer molecule.

31. A chimeric DNA sequence encoding a intracellular proliferation receptor protein, said DNA
sequence comprising in reading frame:
a DNA sequence encoding an intracellular inducer-responsive clustering domain that binds specifically to at least one inducer molecule which results in the dimerization or oligomerization of said intracellular domain;
a DNA sequence encoding a cytoplasmic effector function signaling domain which encodes a polypeptide that transduces an effector function signal in a host cell;
a DNA sequence encoding a proliferation signaling domain which encodes a polypeptide that signals a host cell to proliferate; and wherein said intracellular domain and proliferation domain are not naturally joined together, and when said chimeric DNA sequence is expressed as an intracellular proliferation protein in a selected host cell under conditions suitable for expression, said intracellular receptor protein initiates a signal for proliferation and effector function in said host cell upon binding to an inducer molecule.

32. The DNA sequence according to claim 30 or 31 wherein said proliferation signaling domain is the cytoplasmic portion of a member of the cytokine receptor protein superfamily that does not contain a kinase domain.

33. The DNA sequence according to claim 30 or 31, wherein said cytokine receptor protein superfamily is selected from the group consisting of the interleukin-2 receptor subfamily, the interleukin-3 subfamily and the interleukin-6 receptor subfamily.

34. The DNA sequence according to claim 30 or 31, wherein said proliferation signaling domain is selected form the group consisting of interleukin-2 receptor beta protein, interleukin-2 receptor gamma protein, and combinations thereof.

35. The DNA sequence according to claim 30 or 31 wherein said proliferation signaling domain is selected from the eukaryotic family of Janus tyrosine kinases.

36. The DNA sequence according to claim 30 or 31 wherein said intracellular inducer responsive clustering domain binds to a natural or synthetic inducer that is cell membrane permeable and induces the clustering of said intracellular inducer responsive domain.

37. The DNA sequence according to claim 30 or 31 wherein said intracellular inducer responsive clustering domain is selected from the group of immunophilins, cyclophilins and steroid receptors.

38. The DNA sequence according to claim 30 or 31 wherein said effector function signaling domain is selected from the group consisting of the zeta and eta chains of the T-cell receptor, the beta and gamma chains of the Fc~R1 receptor, the MB1(Ig alpha) and B29 (Ig Beta) chains of the B cell receptor, the BLV gp30 protein, the CD3 delta, gamma and epsilon chains of the T-cell receptor, and the syk and src families of tyrosine kinases.

39. A chimeric DNA sequence encoding a hybrid inducer binding proliferation receptor protein, said DNA
sequence comprising in reading frame:
a DNA sequence encoding a signal sequence;
a DNA sequence encoding a extracellular inducer-responsive clustering domain that binds specifically to at least one inducer-molecule which results in the dimerization or oligomerization of said extracellular domain;
a DNA sequence encoding a transmembrane domain;
a DNA sequence encoding an intracellular inducer-responsive clustering domain that binds specifically to at least one inducer-molecule which results in the dimerization of oligomerization of said intracellular domain; and a DNA sequence encoding a proliferation signaling domain which encodes a polypeptide that signals a host cell to proliferate, wherein said extracellular domain and proliferation domain are not naturally joined together, and when said chimeric DNA sequence is expressed as a hybrid receptor protein in a selected host cell under conditions suitable for expression, said hybrid receptor protein initiates a signal for proliferation in said host cell upon binding to either said inducer molecule, or combinations thereof.

40. A chimeric DNA sequence encoding a hybrid extracellular and intracellular inducer binding proliferation receptor protein, said DNA sequence comprising in reading frame:
a DNA sequence encoding a signal sequence;
a DNA sequence encoding an extracellular inducer-responsive clustering domain that binds specifically to at least one inducer molecule which results in the dimerization or oligomerization of said extracellular domain;
a DNA sequence encoding a transmembrane domain;
a DNA sequence encoding a proliferation signaling domain which encodes a polypeptide that signals a host cell to proliferate; and a DNA sequence encoding a intracellular inducer-responsive clustering domain that binds specifically to at least one inducer-molecule which results in the dimerization or oligomerization of said intracellular domain;
wherein said extracellular domain and proliferation domain are not naturally joined together, and when said chimeric DNA sequence is expressed as a hybrid extracellular and intracellular receptor protein in a selected host cell under conditions suitable for expression, said hybrid receptor protein initiates a signal for proliferation in said host cell upon binding to either said inducer molecules or combinations thereof.

41. An expression cassette comprising a transcriptional initiation region, a DNA sequence according to claim 1 under the transcriptional control of said transcriptional initiation region and a transcriptional termination region.

42. An expression cassette comprising a transcriptional initiation region, a DNA sequence according to claim 11 under the transcriptional control of said transcriptional initiation region and a transcriptional termination region.

43. An expression cassette comprising a transcriptional initiation region, a DNA sequence according to claim 23 under the transcriptional control of said transcriptional initiation region and a transcriptional termination region.

44. An expression cassette comprising a transcriptional initiation region, a DNA sequence according to claim 30 under the transcriptional control of said transcriptional initiation region and a transcriptional termination region.

45. An expression cassette comprising a transcriptional initiation region, a DNA sequence according to claim 31 under the transcriptional control of said transcriptional initiation region and a transcriptional termination region.

46. An expression cassette comprising a transcriptional initiation region, a DNA sequence according to claim 39 under the transcriptional control of said transcriptional initiation region and a transcriptional termination region.

47. An expression cassette comprising a transcriptional initiation region, a DNA sequence according to claim 40 under the transcriptional control of said transcriptional initiation region and a transcriptional termination region.

48. The expression cassette according to claims 41-47 in the alternative wherein said transcriptional initiation region is functional in a mammalian host.

49. A cell comprising a DNA sequence according to claim 1.

50. A cell comprising a DNA sequence according to claim 11.

51. A cell comprising a DNA sequence according to claim 23.

52. A cell comprising a DNA sequence according to claim 30.

53. A cell comprising a DNA sequence according to claim 31.

54. A cell comprising a DNA sequence according to claim 39.

55. A cell comprising a DNA sequence according to claim 40.

56. A cell comprising a DNA sequence that encodes a chimeric effector function receptor comprising an extracellular inducer-responsive clustering domain, a transmembrane domain, and a effector function signaling domain and a second DNA sequence according to claim 1.

57. A cell comprising a DNA sequence that encodes a chimeric effector function receptor comprising an extracellular inducer-responsive clustering domain, a transmembrane domain, and a effector function signaling domain, and a second DNA sequence according to claim 23.

58. The cell according to claims 49-57 in the alternative, wherein said cell is a mammalian cell.

59. The cell according to claims 49-57 in the alternative, wherein said cell is a human cell.

60. A chimeric protein comprising in the N-terminal to C-terminal direction:
an extracellular inducer-responsive clustering domain consisting of a portion of a surface membrane protein or secreted protein that binds specifically to at least one inducer-molecule which results in the dimerization or oligomerization of said extracellular domain;
a transmembrane domain; and a proliferation signaling domain of a polypeptide that signals the cells to proliferate, wherein said extracellular domain and proliferation domain are not naturally joined together, and when said chimeric protein is expressed as a membrane bound protein in a selected host cell under conditions suitable for expression, said membrane bound protein initiates a signal for proliferation in said host cell upon binding to an inducer molecule.

61. A chimeric protein comprising in the N-terminal to C-terminal direction:
an extracellular inducer-responsive clustering domain consisting of a portion of a surface membrane protein or secreted protein that binds specifically to at least one inducer-molecule which results in the dimerization or oligomerization of said extracellular domain;
a transmembrane domain;
a proliferation signaling domain of a polypeptide that signals the cells to proliferate; and a cytoplasmic effector function domain polypeptide which transduces an effector signal in a host cell;
wherein said extracellular domain and proliferation domain are not naturally joined together, and when said chimeric protein is expressed as a membrane bound protein in a selected host cell under conditions suitable for expression, said membrane bound protein initiates a signal for proliferation and effector function in said host cell upon binding to an inducer molecule.

62. A chimeric protein comprising in the N-terminal to C-terminal direction:
an extracellular inducer-responsive clustering domain consisting of a portion of a surface membrane protein or secreted protein that binds specifically to at least one inducer-molecule which results in the dimerization or oligomerization of said extracellular domain;

a transmembrane domain;
a cytoplasmic effector function domain polypeptide which transduces an effector signal in a host cell; and a proliferation signaling domain of a polypeptide that signals the cells to proliferate;
wherein said extracellular domain and proliferation domain are not naturally joined together, and when said chimeric protein is expressed as a membrane bound protein in a selected host cell under conditions suitable for expression, said membrane bound protein initiates a signal for proliferation and effector function in said host cell upon binding an inducer molecule.

63 An intracellular chimeric protein comprising the N-terminal to C-terminal direction:
an intracellular inducer-responsive clustering domain that binds specifically to at least one inducer molecule which results in the dimerization or oligomerization of said intracellular domain; and a proliferation signaling domain of a polypeptide that signals the cells to proliferate, wherein said intracellular domain and proliferation domain are not naturally joined together, and when said chimeric protein is expressed as an intracellular protein in a selected host cell under conditions suitable for expression, said intracellular protein initiates a signal for proliferation in said host cellupon binding to an inducer molecule.

64. An intracellular chimeric protein comprising in the N-terminal to C-terminal direction:
an intracellular inducer-responsive clustering domain that binds specifically to at least one inducer molecule which results in the dimerization or oligomerization of said intracellular domain;
a proliferation signaling domain of a polypeptide that signals the cells to proliferate; and a cytoplasmic effector function signaling domain of a polypeptide that transduces an effector signal in a host cell;
wherein said intracellular domain and proliferation domain are not naturally joined together, and when said chimeric protein is expressed as an intracellular protein in a selected host cell under conditions suitable for expression, said intracellular protein initiates a signal for proliferation and effector function in said host cell upon binding to an inducer molecule.

65. A chimeric hybrid binding proliferation protein comprising in the N-terminal to C-terminal direction:
an extracellular inducer-responsive clustering domain consisting of a portion of a surface membrane protein or secreted protein that binds specifically to at least one inducer molecule which results in the dimerization or oligomerization of said extracellular domain;
a transmembrane domain;
an intracellular inducer-responsive clustering domain that binds specifically to at least one inducer molecule which results in the dimerization or oligomerization of said intracellular domain protein;
and a proliferation signaling domain of a polypeptide that signals the cells to proliferate; and wherein said extracellular domain and proliferation domain are not naturally joined together, and when said chimeric hybrid binding proliferation protein is expressed as a protein receptor in a selected host cell under conditions suitable for expression, said protein receptor initiates a signal for proliferation in said host cell upon binding to either said inducer molecule or combinations thereof.

66. A chimeric hybrid binding proliferation protein comprising in the N-terminal to C-terminal direction:
an extracellular inducer-responsive clustering domain consisting of a portion of a surface membrane protein or secreted protein that binds specifically to at least one inducer molecule which results in the dimerization or oligomerization of said extracellular domain;
a transmembrane domain;
a proliferation signaling domain of a polypeptide that signals the cells to proliferate; and an intracellular inducer-responsive clustering domain that binds specifically to at least one inducer molecule which results in the dimerization or oligomerization of said intracellular domain protein;
and wherein said extracellular domain and proliferation domain are not naturally joined together, and when said chimeric hybrid binding protein is expressed as a protein receptor in a selected host cell under conditions suitable for expression, said protein receptor initiates a signal for proliferation in said host cell upon binding to either said inducer molecule or combinations thereof.

67. A method of treating a viral infection in a mammalian host comprising the steps of:
a. introducing a hybrid chimeric proliferation receptor construct into autologous CD8+ cytotoxic T
cells under conditions suitable for expression to produce receptor expressing cytotoxic T cells; and b. introducing said receptor expressing cytotoxic T
cells into a mammal such that said receptor expressing cytotoxic T cells proliferate and kill cells infected with a virus.

68. The method of claim 67 wherein said virus is a HIV, hepatitis viruses, herpes viruses, and/or cytomegalovirus.

69. The method of claim 67 wherein said receptor is the receptor of claims 1, 11, 12, 23, 30, 31, 39, or 40.

70. A method of inducing a cell to proliferate comprising introducing a chimeric proliferation receptor construct into a cell under conditions suitable for expression, to produce a receptor expressing cell and contacting said receptor expressing cell with a target inducer.

71. The method of claim 70 wherein said cell is selected from the group consisting of a nerve cell, a keratinocyte cell, islet of Langerhans cell, a muscle cell, or a hematopoietic cell.