CA2209715C - Packet radio system and methods for a protocol-independent routing of a data packet in packet radio networks - Google Patents

Packet radio system and methods for a protocol-independent routing of a data packet in packet radio networks Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CA2209715C
CA2209715C CA002209715A CA2209715A CA2209715C CA 2209715 C CA2209715 C CA 2209715C CA 002209715 A CA002209715 A CA 002209715A CA 2209715 A CA2209715 A CA 2209715A CA 2209715 C CA2209715 C CA 2209715C
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
network
protocol
packet
mobile station
data packet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
CA002209715A
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
CA2209715A1 (en
Inventor
Juha-Pekka Ahopelto
Hannu Kari
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nokia Technologies Oy
Original Assignee
Nokia Telecommunications Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nokia Telecommunications Oy filed Critical Nokia Telecommunications Oy
Publication of CA2209715A1 publication Critical patent/CA2209715A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA2209715C publication Critical patent/CA2209715C/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00Data switching networks
    • H04L12/66Arrangements for connecting between networks having differing types of switching systems, e.g. gateways
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00Connection management
    • H04W76/10Connection setup
    • H04W76/12Setup of transport tunnels
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/16Gateway arrangements
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W92/00Interfaces specially adapted for wireless communication networks
    • H04W92/02Inter-networking arrangements
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W92/00Interfaces specially adapted for wireless communication networks
    • H04W92/16Interfaces between hierarchically similar devices
    • H04W92/24Interfaces between hierarchically similar devices between backbone network devices

Abstract

The present invention relates to a protocol-independent routing of data packets between a mobile station of a packet radio network and a party (Host) connected to an external network. In the invention, a data packet of an extraneous protocol (IPX) is transferred through a packet radio network using a second protocol (X.25) as encapsulated in a data packet according to the second protocol. The transferring packet radio network does not thus need to understand the protocol of the transferred extraneous data packet or to be able to interpret the contents of the data packet. A data packet network is connected to other packet radio networks, data networks or the backbone network between packet data networks via a gateway node (GPRS GSN), which uses the network-internal protocol (X.25) towards the dedicated packet network and the protocol of each network towards other networks. When a data packet is transferred via a gateway node from a network into another network, the data packet is encapsulated in a packet according to the protocol of the new network. When the encapsulated data packet arrives in a node which supports the protocol of the encapsulated data packet, the encapsulation is stripped away and the data packet is routed forward according to the protocol of the data packet.

Description

Packet radio system and methods for a protocol-independent routing of a data packet in packet radio networks Field of the Invention The present invention relates to routing data packets independently of protocol between a mobile station of a packet radio network and a party connected to an external network.
Background of the Invention Mobile communication systems have been developed because there has been a need to free people to move away from fixed telephone terminals without losing their reachability. While the use of different data transmission services in offices has increased, different data services have also been introduced into mobile communication systems. Portable computers enable efficient data processing everywhere the user moves. As for mobile communication networks, they provide the user with an efficient access network to actual data networks for mobile data transmission. In order to do this, different new data services are designed for existing and future mobile communication networks. Digital mobile communication systems, such as the pan-European mobile communication system GSM (Global. System for Mobile Communication), support particularly well mobile data transmission.
General Packet Radio Service GPRS is a new service in the GSM system, and it is one the items of the standardization work of the GSM phase 2+ in ETSI (European . Telecommunication Standard Institute). The GPRS
operational environment consists of one or more sub-network service areas, which are interconnected by a GPRS
backbone network. A sub-network comprises a number of packet data service nodes, which are referred to as GPRS
support nodes (or agents) in this context, each packet data service node being connected to a GSM mobile communication network in such a manner that it is capable of providing a packet data service for mobile data terminal equipments via several base stations, i.e. cells.
The intermediate mobile communication network provides circuit switched or packet switched data transmission between a support node and mobile data terminal equipments. Different sub-networks are connected to an external data network, such as a public switched packet data network PSPDN. The GPRS service thus produces packet data transmission between mobile data terminal equipments and external data networks, a GSM network acting as an access network. One aspect of the GPRS service network is that it operates almost independently of the GSM network.
One of the requirements set for the GPRS service is that it must operate together with external PSPDNs of different types, for instance with Internet or X.25 networks. In other words, the GPRS service and a GSM network should be capable of serving all users, irrespective of which type of data networks they want to register in via the GSM
network. This means that the GSM network and the GPRS
service have to support and handle different network addressings and data packet formats. This handling of data packets also comprises the routing thereof in a packet radio network. In addition, the users should be capable of roaming from a GPRS home network into an extraneous GPRS
network, the backbone network of the operator of which may support a different protocol (for instance CLNP) than the home network (for instance X.25).
Disclosure of the Invention The object of the present invention is to route data packets of different protocols in a packet radio system.
This is achieved with a packet radio network comprising support nodes, an internal packet network interconnecting said support nodes, and providing a protocol-independent routing of data packets between a mobile station and a party connected to an external network, wherein each of said support nodes comprises means for communication according to an internal protocol of the packet radio network towards the internal packet network, ones of said support nodes which serve mobile stations are arranged to use a radio interface link protocol towards a radio interface, and a gateway support node, which interfaces the packet radio network to at least one external network, comprises means for communicating according to a protocol of the external network with the external network, a database for storing data which maps a network address or network addresses of the mobile station with a dynamic roaming information, said dynamic roaming information being inserted as an address data into the mobile terminating data packet encapsulated according to the internal protocol in order to enable routing of the mobile terminating data packet to the one of said support nodes within the area of which the mobile station is located, during an internal routing of the packet radio network, a data packet received from the mobile station or the external network is provided with an encapsulation according to the internal protocol of the packet radio network.
According to a further broad aspect of the present invention there is provided a method for routing a mobile terminated data packet from a sending party via an external network when a mobile station is located within its home packet radio network comprising sending by a sending party a data packet according to a first protocol, said data packet containing a network address according to the first protocol for the mobile station, routing the data packet via one or more external networks to a-gateway support node of the home packet radio network of the mobile station by using a routing according to the first protocol, encapsulating by the gateway support node the data packet of the first protocol, according to an internal protocol of the home packet radio network, sending by the gateway support node the encapsulated data packet to a home support node of the mobile station, determining by the home support node of the mobile station a roaming number of the mobile station by means of said mobile station network address of the first protocol, routing by the home support node the encapsulated data packet to a serving support node indicated by the roaming number in the home network, stripping by said serving support node the encapsulation according to the internal protocol of the home network and sending the data packet over a radio interface to the mobile station as encapsulated according to a radio link protocol, stripping by the mobile station the encapsulation according to the radio link protocol.

The present invention also relates to a method for a protocol-independent routing of packets in a packet radio network between a mobile station and a party connected to an external network. The method is characterized according to the invention by encapsulating data packets received from the mobile station or from the external network, according to the protocol of the packet radio network, routing an encapsulated data packet in the packet radio network, according to the protocol of the packet radio network, stripping the encapsulation according to the protocol of the packet radio network away when the data packet is transferred from the packet radio network to the external network having a different protocol than the packet radio network.
The invention also relates to a method for routing a mobile terminated data packet from the sending party via an external network when the mobile station is located in its home packet radio network.
The invention also relates to a method for routing a mobile originated data packet via an external data network to the receiving party when the mobile subscriber is located in his home packet radio network or is visiting a packet radio network which supports the protocol of the receiving party.

The invention also relates to a method for routing a mobile terminated data packet when the mobile station is located outside the home packet radio network, and routing between packet radio networks is required.

4a The invention also relates to a method for routing a mobile originated data packet via an external data network to the receiving party when the mobile station is located outside the home packet radio network in an extraneous packet radio network which does not support the first protocol used by the mobile station.
The invention also relates to a method for routing a mobile originated data packet via a second packet radio network and an external data network to the receiving party when the mobile station is located outside the home packet radio network in an extraneous packet radio network which does not support the first protocol used by the mobile station.
In the invention, a data packet of an extraneous protocol is transferred through a packet radio network using another protocol as encapsulated in a data packet according to this another protocol. The transferring packet radio network does not thus need to understand the protocol of the transferred extraneous data packet or to be able to interpret the contents of the data packet. A data packet network is connected to other data packet networks, data networks or the backbone network between packet data networks via a gateway node, which uses the network-internal protocol towards the dedicated packet network and the protocol of each network towards other networks. When a data packet is transferred via a gateway node from a network into another network, the data packet is encapsulated in a packet accord-ing to the protocol of the new network. If the data packet was encapsulated also in the previous network, this previous encapsulation is stripped away before a new encapsulation. When the encapsulated data packet arrives in a node which supports the protocol of the encapsulated data packet, the 5 encapsulation is stripped away and the data packet is routed forward according to the protocol of the data packet. The support node or the home node which sends the encapsulated packet to the gateway node does not need to know whether the gateway node supports the protocol of the encapsulated packet or not.
Due to the invention, a mobile terminated or a mobile originated data packet can be routed through one or more packet radio networks or a network connecting them without any of the networks having to support the protocol used by the mobile station. The data packet is merely re-encapsulated in each network that uses an extraneous protocol. The invention enables the implementation of packet radio networks of different operators and that of networks connecting them by protocols differing -from one another, without preventing, however, the roaming of a mobile station in networks of different operators and the routing of data packets.
The home support node of the home packet data network of a mobile station is provided with a database, which maps together the network address of the mobile station, for instance in an IP network, X.25 network, CLNP
network or in a number of these simultaneously, and the roaming number of the mobile station. The roaming number may consist of the identifier of that support node within the area of which the mobile station is located, and of the temporary, link-level identifier of the mobile station, which is received from said support node in connection with the registration or location updating of = the mobile station. The roaming number is independent of the backbone network protocol used by the operator. The mobile station may have several protocols or several addresses with the same protocol. The invention also enables so-called virtual mobile stations; one mobile station is used by a number of users, each of which has a dedicated network address as mapped in the roaming number of the same mobile station, whereby the mobile station "appears" as several mobile stations. Due to the encapsulation procedure of the invention, a data packet arriving from an external network can always be routed, independently of the protocol of the packet, to the home support node of the mobile station, from where it can then be forwarded to the mobile station by means of the roaming number, which is found by means of the mobile station network address contained by the data packet. The mapping between the mobile station network address (for instance an IP address, X.25 address and/or CLNP address) and the mobile station roaming number is dynamic, because the roaming number changes every time the mobile station moves from the area of one support node into the area of another support node.

i.s By means of the invention, it is also possible to shorten the routing of data packets originating from a mobile station which is located in an extraneous network.

According to a further broad aspect of the present invention there is provided a mobile station for a packet radio network. The mobile station comprises means for providing a mobile originated data packet of a first protocol which is not supported in a serving packet radio network. The data packet contains a network address of the first protocol for a receiving party supporting the first protocol. Means is also provided for encapsulating the data packet of the first protocol according to a special radio link protocol supported by the serving packet radio network.
Means is further provided for sending the data packet encapsulated according to the radio link protocol over a radio interface to a support node serving the mobile station in the packet radio network, whereby enabling a protocol-independent routing of the data packet from the mobile station through the packet radio network to the receiving party in a second network.

6a According to a still further broad aspect of the present invention there is provided a serving support node for a packet radio network. The serving support node comprises means for receiving from a mobile station a data packet encapsulated according to a special radio link protocol supported by the serving support node. The data packet is a first protocol which is not supported by the serving support node. The data packet contains a network address of the first protocol for a receiving party supporting the first protocol. Means is provided for decapsulating received data packet of the first protocol. Means is also provided for encapsulating the data packet of the first protocol according to an internal protocol of the packet radio network.

Means is further provided for sending the encapsulated data packet to a gateway support node of the packet radio network, in accordance with the internal protocol.
Brief Description of the Figures In the following, the invention will be described by means of preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which Figure 1 shows two GPRS networks according to the invention and data networks associated with them, Figure 2 is a block diagram and Figure 3 is a signalling diagram which illustrate the routing of a mobile terminated packet according to the invention, Figure 4 is a block diagram and Figure 5 is a signalling diagram which illustrate the routing of a mobile originated packet according to the invention, Figure 6 is a block diagram and Figure 7 is a signalling diagram which illustrate the routing of a mobile terminated packet according to the invention when the mobile station is located in an extraneous GPRS
network, Figure 8 is a block diagram and Figure 9 is a signalling diagram which illustrate the routing of a mobile originated packet according to the invention when the mobile station is located in an extraneous GPRS
network which supports the protocol of the mobile station, Figure 10 is a block diagram and Figure 11 is a signalling diagram which illustrate the routing of a mobile originated packet according to the invention when the mobile station is located in an extraneous GPRS
network, and the packet is forwarded via the home network, Figure 12 is a block diagram and Figure 13 is a signalling diagram which illustrate the routing of a mobile originated packet according to the invention when the mobile station is located in an extraneous network, and the packet is routed via a third network.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments The present invention can be used for routing data packets in packet radio systems of different types.
The invention is particularly well suited to be used for implementing the general packet radio service GPRS in the pan-European digital mobile communication system GSM
(Global System for Mobile Communication) or in corresponding mobile communication systems, such as DCS1800 and PCN (Personal Communication Network). In the following, the preferred embodiments of the invention will be described by means of a GPRS packet radio network consisting of the GPRS service and the GSM system, without restricting the invention to such a particular packet radio system, however.
Figure 1 illustrates a telecommunication system which includes GPRS packet radio networks, local networks, data networks, etc.
Figure 1 shows two GPRS operators, operator 1 and operator 2, each of which has two GPRS support nodes (GPRS SN), one GPRS home support node (GPRS
HSN), a GPRS gateway support node (GPRS GSN) and interworking functions (IWF). These different support nodes GPRS SN, GPRS HSN and GPRS GSN are interconnected by the intra-operator backbone network.

Each support node GPRS SN controls a packet data service within the area of one or more cells in a cellular packet radio network. For this, each support node GPRS SN is connected to a certain local part of the GSM mobile system.

This connection is typically provided in a mobile exchange, but in some situations it may be advantageous to provide the connection directly in the base station system BSS, i.e. in a base station controller BSC or one of the base stations BTS.
The mobile station MS located in a cell communicates over the radio interface with a base station BTS and further through the mobile communication network with the support node GPRS SN to the service area of which the cell belongs. In principle, the mobile communication network existing between the support node GPRS SN
and the mobile station MS merely delivers packets between these two. In order to do this, the mobile communication network may provide either a circuit switched connection or packet switched data packet transmission between the mobile station MS and the serving support node GPRS SN. A circuit switched connection between a mobile station MS and a support node (agent) is known. Also, a packet switched data transmission between a mobile station MS and a support node (agent) is known. However, it should be noted that the mobile communication network provides merely a physical connection between the mobile station MS and the support WO 96/21983 PCTlFI96/00019 node GPRS SN, and the exact operation and structure thereof do not have essential significance as regards the invention. As for more detailed description of the GSM
system, reference is made, however, to ETSI/GSM
specifications and to "The GSM System for Mobile Communications", M. Mouly and M. Pautet, Palaiseau, France, 1992, ISBN:2-9507190-07-7.
A typical mobile station constituting a mobile data terminal equipment consists of a mobile station 3 (MS) in a mobile communication network, and a portable computer 4 connected to the data interface of said mobile station MS. The mobile station 3 may be for instance a Nokia 2110, which is manufactured by Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd., Finland. By means of a PCMCIA-type Nokia Cellular Datacard, which is manufactured by Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd., the mobile station can be connected to any portable PC which is provided with a PCMCIA card location. The PCMCIA card thus provides the PC with an access point, which supports the protocol of the telecommunication application used in the PC 4, for instance CCITT X.25 or Internet Protocol IP. Alternatively, the mobile station may directly provide an access point which supports the protocol used by the application of the PC 4. Furthermore, it is possible that the mobile station 3 and the PC 4 are integrated into one unit within which the application program is provided with an access point supporting the protocol used by it.
= A home support node GPRS HSN is used for storing the location information of GPRS mobile stations and for authenticating GPRS mobile stations. The GPRS HSN also routes mobile terminated (MT) data packets. The GPRS HSN
also includes a database, which maps together the network address of a mobile station, for instance in an IP
network, X.25 network, CLNP network or in a number of = 35 these simultaneously, and the GPRS roaming number GPRS-MRNB of the mobile station. The GPRS roaming number may consist of the identifier of that GPRS support node GPRS
SN within the area of which the mobile station is currently located, and of the temporary, link-level 5 identifier TLLI of the mobile station, which is received from said support node GPRS SN in connection with the registration or location updating of the mobile station.
The mapping between the mobile station network address (for instance an IP address, X.25 address and/or CLNP
10 address) and the mobile station roaming number GPRS-MRNB
is dynamic, because the roaming number changes every time the mobile station moves from the area of one support node GPRS SN into the area of another support node. When the mobile station moves from one cell into another within the area of one support node GPRS SN, it is only necessary to perform a location updating in the support node GPRS SN, and there is no need to inform the home support node GPRS
HSN of the change in location. When the mobile station moves from a cell of one support node GPRS SN into a cell of another GPRS SN within the area of the same operator, an updating is also performed in the home support node GPRS HSN to store the identifier of the new visited support node and the new roaming number GPRS-MRNB of the mobile station. When the mobile station moves from a cell located within the area of one operator into a cell located within the area of another operator, the new roaming number GPRS-MRNB of the mobile station and the new identifier of the visited support node are updated in the home support node GPRS HSN of the mobile station. The registration process of the mobile station is thus in principle the same as within the area of one operator.
The intra-operator backbone network, which interconnects the equipments GPRS HSN, GPRS SN and GPRS
GSN of the operator, may be implemented for instance with a local network. It should be noticed that it is also possible to implement a GPRS network of an operator without an intra-operator backbone network, for instance by implementing all aspects in a single computer, but this modification does not cause any changes in the manner the routing protocols of the invention behave.
A GPRS gateway support node GPRS GSN connects the operator to the GPRS systems of the other operators of the GPRS network and to data networks, such as an inter-operator backbone network, IP network or X.25 network. An interworking function IWF is provided between the gateway support node GPRS GSN and the other networks. It should be noticed that a GPRS network can_be implemented without the gateway support node GPRS GSN, but in such a case all support nodes GPRS SN and home support nodes GPRS HSN
should use the same protocol towards the inter-operator backbone network as the gateway support nodes GPRS GSN of the other operators.
An inter-operator backbone network is a network via which the gateway support nodes GPRS GSN of different = 20 operators can communicate with one another. This communication is required to support GPRS roaming between different GPRS networks. This inter-operator backbone network can be implemented by using for instance X.25, IP, = CLNP or other networks, as long as the gateway support nodes GPRS GSN of both parties use the same protocols = towards the inter-operator backbone network.
= For instance, =if the inter-operator backbone = network is an IP network, the operator 1 may internally use an X.25 network (in the intra-operator backbone network of the operator 1) and the operator 2 may internally use an CLNP network (in the intra-operator backbone network of the operator 2). The gateway support node GPRS GSN of the operator 1 should thus use the X.25 protocol locally and the IP protocol towards the inter-operator backbone network over the interworking function :
IWF. Correspondingly, the gateway support node GPRS GSN of the operator 2 should use the CLNP protocol locally and the IP protocol over the interworking function IWF.
Figure 1 also shows a host computer Host, which is connected to a local network, which is further connected via a router to an IPX network. A similar connection can also be constructed in other data networks, such as an X.25 network.
In the following, the present invention will be described by means of an example, assuming that the host computer Host desires to send messages to a GPRS mobile station and receive messages therefrom by using IPX
protocols. IPX protocol is used only as an example in this context, and the routing events described below are implemented in the same manner also when IP, X.25 or CLNP
protocols are used as end-to-end protocols. In this example, it is also assumed. that the intra-operator backbone network of the operator 1 is based on a X.25 network and that the intra-operator backbone network of the operator 2 is based on a CLNP network, whereas the inter-operator backbone network is based on the IP
protocol. The purpose of this configuration is merely to illustrate how the routing of a message can be handled despite the fact that different network protocols are used in different networks.

Routing packets within the GPRS network of one operator This chapter describes the routing procedure of the invention when a mobile station is located in its GPRS
home network, and inter-operator routing is not required.
In the routing example presented below, IPX data packets are used, but a similar routing mechanism can also be used in connection with other protocols, such as IP, X.25 and CLNP.
Mobile terminated (MT) packets Figure 2 illustrates the routing of mobile terminated (MT) packets when the host computer Host sends an IPX packet to a mobile station of the operator 1 by using an IPX message. The routing event is also shown in Figure 3 as a signalling diagram. The numbering used in the following description corresponds to that used in Figures 2 and 3.
1. The host computer Host sends a data packet, which contains the IPX address MS-IPX of the mobile station, the IPX address Host-IPX of the host computer and data, by using normal IPX message structures. The data packet contains the IPX address of the mobile station. The data packet is forwarded via the local network, router, IPX data network and interworking function IWF to the gateway support node GPRS GSN of the operator 1 by using normal IPX routing methods and the IPX address of the mobile station.
2. The GPRS GSN encapsulates the received IPX
packet in an X.25 packet, which is used in the intra-operator backbone network of the operator 1. The X.25 packet is provided with the address GPRS-HSN1-X.25 of the home support node of the operator 1 and with the address GPRS-GSN1-X.25 of the gateway support node. The GPRS GSN
forwards the X.25 packet to the home support node GPRS HSN
via the intra-operator backbone network of the operator 1.
The encapsulation format may be for instance the same as the one used in Point-to-Point Protocol PPP, which will be described in more detail below. PPP also contains an identification field, which can be used for determining the protocol type of the encapsulated data packet (IPX in this case). The GPRS GSN forwards the X.25 packet to the = home support node GPRS HSN via the intra-operator backbone network of the operator 1.
3. The GPRS HSN receives the X.25 packet and checks the actual receiver, i.e. the IPX address MS-IPX of the mobile station. The GPRS HSN finds the GPRS roaming =
number GPRS-MRNB of the mobile station in its internal database by means of the IPX address MS-IPX of the mobile station. It should be noticed that the home support node GPRS HSN does not necessarily have to use IPX protocols itself or be familiar with the IPX routing mechanism, but it only needs to know the association between IPX
addresses and mobile stations. If the mobile station has other network addresses (for instance an IP, X.25 and/or CLNP address), the roaming number is found in the same manner by means of the mapping of the database of the home support node. Finally, in the example of Figures 2 and 3, the GPRS HSN encapsulates the IPX packet in an X.25 packet, which also contains the address GPRS-SN1-X.25 of the visited support node, the home support node's own address GPRS-HSN1-X.25, the roaming number GPRS-MRNB1 of the mobile station, and the home roaming number GPRS-HRNB.
The home roaming number is the roaming number of the home location register of the mobile station in a GPRS network.
The GPRS HSN then sends the encapsulated data packet forward to said support node GPRS SN.
4. The support node GPRS SN receives the IPX
data packet encapsulated in the X.25 packet, encapsulates the IPX data packet in a GPRS radio link protocol data packet, and sends it over the GPRS radio interface to the mobile station. The GPRS packet also contains the TLLI of the mobile station. The exact implementation of the radio link protocol is not essential as regards the invention.
As an example of sending data packets over the GPRS =
interface, a copending Finnish Patent Application 950117 is referred to. The support node GPRS SN does not need to understand the protocol (IPX in this case) the mobile station uses.

5. The mobile station receives the GPRS packet over the radio interface and forwards the IPX packet provided therein to the application associated with the mobile station.

Mobile originated (MO) packets The following is a description of MO packet routing with reference to Figure 4 in a situation where a 10 mobile station sends an IPX packet to the host computer Host. The same routing event is presented by means of a signalling diagram in Figure 5. The numbering used in the following corresponds to that used in Figures 4 and S.
The mobile station receives, from the application 15 associated with it, an IPX packet, which contains the IPX
address Host-IPX of the host computer, the IPX address MS-IPX of the mobile station, and data.
1. The mobile station encapsulates the IPX
packet in a GPRS packet, which also contains the TLLI of the mobile station. The mobile station sends the GPRS
packet over the radio interface to the serving support node GPRS SN.
2. The GPRS SN receives the GPRS packet over the air interface, and encapsulates the IPX packet provided therein in an X.25 packet without interpreting the contents of the encapsulated IPX packet in more detail.
The support node GPRS SN does not thus need to understand the protocol used by the mobile station (IPX). The GPRS SN
also includes the X.25 address GPRS-GSN1-X.25 of the gateway support node, its own address GPRS-SN1-X.25, the roaming number GPRS-MRNB of the mobile station and the = home roaming number GPRS-HRNB in the X.25 packet.
Thereafter, the GPRS SN routes the X.25 packet to the = gateway support node GPRS GSN by using the X.25 backbone network.
3. The GPRS GSN receives the X.25 data packet and checks the protocol of the encapsulated IPX packet.
Since the GPRS GSN supports the IPX protocol itself (towards the data networks), it strips the X.25 encapsulation away and sends the IPX packet via IPX remote networks to the host computer Host by using normal IPX
routing mechanisms.

Inter-operator packet routing This chapter describes the routing principle of packet data when a mobile station is not located within its GPRS home network, and inter-operator routing is required.
Mobile terminated (MT) packets The following is a description of MT packet routing with reference to Figures 6 and 7 when a mobile station is located outside its home network, and the host computer Host sends an IPX packet to the mobile station by using an IPX message.
1 and 2. The sending of the IPX packet from the host computer Host to the gateway support node of the operator 1 and therefrom further to the home support node GPRS HSN is identical with Figures 2 and 3.
3. The GPRS HSN receives the X.25 packet and checks the actual receiver by means of the IPX address MS-IPX of the mobile station. By means of the IPX address MS-IPX, the GPRS HSN finds the GPRS roaming number GPRS MRNB
of the mobile station. In this case, the mobile station is not located within the same network, wherefore the GPRS
HSN encapsulates the IPX packet in an X.25 packet and sends the X.25 packet to the gateway support node GPRS
GSN.
4. The GPRS GSN contains the addresses of the gateway support nodes GPRS GSN of the other operators. The GPRS GSN checks the roaming number GPRS MRNB of the mobile station and encapsulates the IPX packet in an IP packet, which also contains the IP address GPRS-GSN2-IP of the gateway support node of the operator 2, its own IP address GPRS-GSN1-IP, the roaming number GPRS-MRNB of the mobile station and the home roaming number GPRS-HRNB. Thereafter, the GPRS GSN sends the IP packet to the gateway support node GPRS GSN of the operator 2 via the inter-operator backbone network.
5. The GPRS GSN of the operator 2 strips the encapsulation of the original IPX packet away in the IP
packet and re-encapsulates it in a CLNP packet, which also contains the address GPRS-SN2-CLNP of that support node GPRS SN where the mobile station is located, the gateway support node's own address GPRS-GSN2-CLNP, and the roaming number GPRS-MRNB of the mobile station and the home roaming number GPRS-HRNB. The GPRS GSN of the operator 2 then forwards the CLNP packet via the intra-operator backbone network (CLNP) to the support node GPRS SN.
6. The GPRS SN strips the encapsulation of the IPX packet away and re-encapsulates it in a GPRS packet, which also contains the TLLI of the mobile station. The GPRS SN sends the GPRS packet over the radio interface to the mobile station.
7. The mobile,station receives the GPRS packet over the radio interface and strips the encapsulation of the IPX packet away. Thereafter, the mobile station forwards the IPX packet to the application associated with it.
The roaming number GPRS-MRNB and the home roaming number GPRS-HRNB of the mobile station are forwarded with the packets all the distance between the GPRS HSN and the GPRS SN of the operator 2. On the basis of these numbers, each node provided along the route is able to route the packet forward by the protocol and addressing used in each network.

Mobile originated (MO) packets There are three alternatives for handling MO
packets:
- the visited GPRS system supports the protocol of the mobile station, - the visited GPRS system does not support the protocol of the mobile station, and the data is routed via the home GPRS GSN of the mobile station, - the visited GPRS system does not support the protocol of the mobile station, and the data is routed via the GPRS GSN of a third party.
Visited operator supports the protocol of the mobile station The following is a description of MO packet routing with reference to Figures 8 and 9 when a mobile station is located outside its home network, and the visited network understands the protocol of the mobile station. In the example, the mobile station sends an IPX
packet to the host computer Host.
The mobile station receives an IPX packet from the application associat-ed with it.
1. The mobile station encapsulates the IPX
packet in a GPRS packet, which also contains the TLLI of the mobile station. The mobile station sends the GPRS
packet over the radio interface to the serving support node GPRS SN of the operator 2.
2. The GPRS SN receives the GPRS packet and encapsulates the IPX packet in a CLNP packet without interpreting the contents of the IPX packet. Thereafter, WO 96121983 PCTYFl96/00019 the GPRS SN forwards the CLNP packet to the gateway support node GPRS GSN of the operator 2 by using the intra-operator backbone network of the operator 2 (CLNP).
The visited support node GPRS SN of the operator 2 does not need to know if the system supports the protocol used by the mobile station, since the packet structure sent to the gateway support node GPRS GSN is the same in all cases.
3. The GPRS GSN receives the CLNP packet and strips the encapsulation of the IPX packet away. Since the GPRS GSN supports the IPX protocol towards the data networks itself, it sends the IPX packet via IPX networks to the host computer Host by using normal IPX routing mechanisms.
Visited network does not support the protocol of the mobile station The following is a description of MO packet routing with reference to Figures 10 and 11 when a mobile station is located outside its own home network, and the visited network does not support the protocol of the mobile station, as a result of which the packet must be routed via the operator 1. In the example, the mobile station sends an IPX packet to the host computer.
1 and 2. These stages are identical with the stages 1 and 2 of Figures 8 and 9.
3. The GPRS GSN receives the CLNP packet and checks the protocol of the IPX packet. Since the GPRS GSN
does not support the IPX protocol towards the data networks itself, it encapsulates the original IPX packet in an IP packet, which is sent to the gateway support node GPRS GSN of the operator 1.
4. The GPRS GSN of the operator 1 receives the IPX packet encapsulated in the IP packet and checks its protocol. Since the GPRS GSN of the operator 1 supports the IPX protocol towards the data networks itself, it strips the encapsulation away and sends the original IPX
packet via IPX networks to the host computer Host.
The packet can also be routed via the network of the operator 1 in a forced manner, for instance for 5 billing or security reasons.

Visited operator does not support the protocol of the mobile station; routing via the gateway of a third party The following is a description of MO packet 10 routing with reference to Figures 12 and 13 when a mobile station is located outside its home network, and the visited network does not understand the protocol of the mobile station, as a result of which the packet is routed via the GPRS network of a third party. In the 15 example, the mobile station sends an IPX packet to the host computer.
1 and 2. These stages are identical with the stages 1 and 2 of Figures 8 and 9.
3. The GPRS GSN of the operator 2 receives the 20 CLNP packet and checks the protocol of the encapsulated IPX packet. Since the GPRS GSN does not support the IPX
protocol towards the data networks itself, it encapsulates the original IPX packet in an IP packet and sends the IP packet to the gateway support node GPRS GSN
of the operator 3, since the operator 2 has made an agreement with the operator 3 to forward IPX packets.
4. The GPRS GSN of the operator 3 receives the IPX packet encapsulated in the IP packet via the inter-operator backbone network and checks the protocol of the encapsulated IPX packet. Since this GPRS GSN supports the IPX protocol towards the data networks itself, it strips the encapsulation away and sends the original IPX packet via IPX networks to the host computer Host.
The method described above may simplify packet routing for instance in the following situation. If a mobile station of a Finnish operator is visiting Germany and communicating with a German host computer Host, and the visited GPRS network does not support the protocol of the mobile station, it is possible, by means of the method of the invention, to avoid back and forth traffic between Germany and Finland in the inter-operator backbone network in the case of mobile originated packets, since the packets can be routed to the host computer via another German GPRS operator, which supports the IPX protocol.

As stated above, a protocol suited for encapsulating data packets in GPRS networks is Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) defined in standards RFC 1661 and io 1662 of Internet Architecture Board (IAB). PPP uses the principles, terminology and frame structure of ISO-3309-1979 High-level Data Link Control (HDLC) procedures.
A solution for using the PPP protocol in GPRS networks and for transferring packets by the GPRS protocol over the radio interface is known.

The figures and the description relating thereto are merely intended to illustrate the present invention. In its details, the invention may vary within the scope and spirit of the appended claims.

Claims (15)

CLAIMS,
1. A packet radio network comprising support nodes, an internal packet network interconnecting said support nodes, and providing a protocol-independent routing of data packets between a mobile station and a party connected to an external network, wherein each of said support nodes comprises means for communication according to an internal protocol of the packet radio network towards the internal packet network, ones of said support nodes which serve mobile stations are arranged to use a radio interface link protocol towards a radio interface, and a gateway support node, which interfaces the packet radio network to at least one external network, comprises means for communicating according to a protocol of the external network with the external network, a database for storing data which maps a network address or network addresses of the mobile station with a dynamic roaming information, said dynamic roaming information being inserted as an address data into the mobile terminating data packet encapsulated according to the internal protocol in order to enable routing of the mobile terminating data packet to the one of said support nodes within the area of which the mobile station is located, during an internal routing of the packet radio network, a data packet received from the mobile station or the external network is provided with an encapsulation according to the internal protocol of the packet radio network.
2. A packet radio network according to claim 1, wherein the support nodes and the internal packet network are realized by a computer or a plurality of computers.
3. A packet radio network according to claim 2, wherein said at least one external network is another packet radio network, a network interconnecting packet radio networks, or data network.
4. A packet rdent routing of packets between a mobile station and a party connected to an external network in a packet radio network comprising supadio network according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the gateway support node is arranged to encapsulate a data packet to be sent to the external network in a packet according to the protocol of the external network when the data is sent to an external backbone network, and send the data packet without encapsulation to a data network.
5. A packet radio network according to claim 1, wherein the packet radio network comprises a database for maintaining information which maps an identifier of each mobile station with a network address or network addresses of the respective mobile station.
6. A method for a protocol-indepenport nodes, an internal packet network interconnecting said support nodes, comprising the steps of utilizing an internal protocol of the packet network towards the internal packet network at each of said support nodes, utilizing the ones of said support nodes which serve mobile stations communicate according to a radio interface link protocol towards the radio interface at the ones of said support nodes which serve the mobile stations, utilizing a protocol of the external network towards the external network at a gateway support node which interfaces the packet radio network to at least one external network, encapsulating data packets received from the mobile station or from the external network according to the protocol of the packet radio network, maintaining, in a database, information which maps a network address or network addresses of the mobile station with a dynamic roaming information, said dynamic roaming information being inserted as an address data into the mobile terminating data packet encapsulated according to the internal protocol in order to enable routing of the mobile termination data packet to the one of said support nodes within the area of which the mobile station is located, routing an encapsulated data packet in the packet radio network, according to the protocol of the packet radio networks, stripping the encapsulation according to the protocol of the packet radio network when the data packet is transferred from the packet radio network to the external network.
7. A method for routing a mobile terminated data packet from a sending party via an external network when a mobile station is located within its home packet radio network comprising sending by a sending party a data packet according to a first protocol, said data packet containing a network address according to the first protocol for the mobile station, routing the data packet via one or more external networks to a-gateway support node of the home packet radio network of the mobile station by using a routing according to the first protocol, encapsulating by the gateway support node the data packet of the first protocol, according to an internal protocol of the home packet radio network, sending by the gateway support node the encapsulated data packet to a home support node of the mobile station, determining by the home support node of the mobile station a roaming number of the mobile station by means of said mobile station network address of the first protocol, routing by the home support node the encapsulated data packet to a serving support node indicated by the roaming number in the home network, stripping by said serving support node the encapsulation according to the internal protocol of the home network and sending the data packet over a radio interface to the mobile station as encapsulated according to a radio link protocol, stripping by the mobile station the encapsulation according to the radio link protocol.
8. A method for routing a mobile originated data packet via an external data network to a receiving party when a mobile subscriber is located within his home packet radio network or is visiting a packet radio network which supports a protocol of a receiving party, comprising encapsulating by the mobile station a data packet of a first protocol according to a radio link protocol, said data packet containing a network address of the first protocol for the receiving party, sending by the mobile station the data packet encapsulated according to the radio link protocol over the radio interface to a serving support node serving the mobile station in the packet radio network stripping by the serving support node the encapsulation according to the radio link protocol and encapsulating the data packet of the first protocol according to an internal protocol of the packet radio network, routing by the serving node the encapsulated data packet to a gateway support node of the packet radio network, according to said internal protocol, stripping by the gateway support node the encapsulation and forwarding the data packet according to the first protocol to an external data network using the first protocol, forwarding by the external data network the data packet to the receiving party, according to the first protocol.
9. A method for routing a mobile terminated data packet when a mobile station is located outside its home packet radio network, and routing between packet radio networks is required, comprising the steps of sending by a sending party a data packet according to a first protocol, said data packet containing a network address according to the first protocol for the mobile station, routing the data packet via one or more external networks to a gateway support node of the home packet radio network of the mobile station according to the first protocol, encapsulating by the gateway support node the data packet of the first protocol according to an internal protocol of the home packet radio network, sending by the gateway support node the encapsulated data packet to the home support node of the mobile station, determining by the home support node of the mobile station the roaming number of the mobile station by means of said mobile station network address according to the first protocol, said roaming number indicating a node of another packet radio network, routing by the home support node the encapsulated data packet to the gateway support node of the home packet radio network, stripping by the gateway support node of the home packet radio network the encapsulation according to the internal protocol of the home packet radio network and encapsulating the data packet of the first protocol according to that protocol which is used in an inter-network traffic between the home packet radio network and the other packet radio network, routing by the gateway support node of the home packet radio network the encapsulated data packet to the gateway support node of the other packet radio network, stripping by the gateway support node of the other packet radio network the encapsulation according to the inter-network protocol and encapsulating the data packet of the first protocol according to the internal protocol of the other packet radio network, routing by the gateway support node of the other packet radio network the encapsulated data packet to a serving support node indicated by the roaming number of the other packet radio network, stripping by said serving support node of the other packet radio network the encapsulation according to the internal protocol of the other packet radio network and sending the data packet over a radio interface to the mobile station as encapsulated according to a radio link protocol, stripping by the mobile station the encapsulation according to the radio link protocol.
10. A method for routing a mobile originated data packet via an external data network to a receiving party when a mobile station is located outside a home packet radio network in a first packet radio network, which does not support the first protocol used by the mobile station, comprising the steps of encapsulating by the mobile station a data packet of a first protocol according to a special radio link protocol, said data packet containing a network address according to the first protocol for the receiving party, sending by the mobile station the data packet encapsulated according to a radio link protocol over a radio interface to a serving support node serving the mobile station in the packet radio network, stripping by the serving support node the encapsulation according to the radio link protocol and encapsulating the data packet of the first protocol according to an internal protocol of the first packet radio network, routing by the serving support node the encapsulated data packet to a gateway support node of the first packet radio network, according to said internal protocol, stripping by the gateway support node of the first packet radio network the encapsulation according to the internal protocol of the first packet radio network and encapsulating the data packet of the first protocol according to an inter-network protocol which is used in the inter-network traffic between first network and the home packet radio network of the mobile station, routing by the gateway support node of the first network the encapsulated data packet to the gateway support node of the home packet radio network, stripping by the gateway support node of the home packet radio network the encapsulation according to the inter-network protocol, routing by the gateway support node of the home network, supporting said first protocol, the data packet to an external data network of the first protocol by using a routing mechanism according to the first protocol.
11. A method for routing a mobile originated data packet via a first packet radio network and an external data network to a receiving party when a mobile station is located outside a home packet radio network in a second packet radio network, which does not support a first protocol used by the mobile station, comprising the steps of encapsulating by the mobile station a data packet of the first protocol according to a radio link protocol, said data packet containing the network address according to the first protocol for the receiving party, sending by the mobile station the data packet encapsulated according to the radio link protocol over a radio interface to a serving support node serving the mobile station in the first packet radio network, stripping by the serving support node the encapsulation according to the radio link protocol and encapsulating the data packet of the first protocol according to the internal protocol of the first packet radio network, routing by the serving node the encapsulated data packet to a gateway support node of the first packet radio network according to said internal protocol, stripping by the gateway support node of the first packet radio network the encapsulation according to the internal protocol of the first network and encapsulating the data packet of the first protocol according to an inter-network protocol which is used in the inter-network traffic between the first packet radio network and the second packet radio network, said second network supporting the first protocol, routing by the gateway support node of the first packet radio network the encapsulated data packet to the gateway support node of the second packet radio network, stripping by the gateway support node of the second packet radio network the encapsulation according to the inter-network protocol, routing by the gateway support node of the second packet radio network, supporting said first protocol, the data packet to an external data network of the first protocol by using a routing mechanism according to the first protocol.
12. A method according to any one of claims 6-11, comprising the steps of the support nodes and an interconnecting packet network therebetween are realized by one computer or a plurality of computers.
13. A method according to any one of claims 6-11, comprising the steps of employing a home support node as a gateway node towards the first network.
14. A mobile station for a packet radio network, comprising means for providing a mobile originated data packet of a first protocol which is not supported in a serving packet radio network, said data packet containing a network address of the first protocol for a receiving party supporting the first protocol, means for encapsulating said data packet of the first protocol according to a special radio link protocol supported by the serving packet radio network, means for sending the data packet encapsulated according to the radio link protocol over a radio interface to a support node serving the mobile station in the packet radio network, whereby enabling a protocol-independent routing of the data packet from the mobile station through the packet radio network to the receiving party in a second network.
15. A serving support node for a packet radio network, comprising means for receiving from a mobile station a data packet encapsulated according to a special radio link protocol supported by the serving support node, said data packet being of a first protocol which is not supported by the serving support node, and said data packet containing a network address of the first protocol for a receiving party supporting the first protocol, means for decapsulating received data packet of the first protocol, means for encapsulating the data packet of the first protocol according to an internal protocol of the packet radio network.

means for sending the encapsulated data packet to a gateway support node of the packet radio network, in accordance with said internal protocol.
CA002209715A 1995-01-10 1996-01-08 Packet radio system and methods for a protocol-independent routing of a data packet in packet radio networks Expired - Lifetime CA2209715C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI950116A FI98586C (en) 1995-01-10 1995-01-10 Packet radio system and methods for protocol-independent routing of a data packet in packet radio networks
FI950116 1995-01-10
PCT/FI1996/000019 WO1996021983A1 (en) 1995-01-10 1996-01-08 Packet radio system and methods for a protocol-independent routing of a data packet in packet radio networks

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2209715A1 CA2209715A1 (en) 1996-07-18
CA2209715C true CA2209715C (en) 2008-08-05

Family

ID=8542249

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA002209715A Expired - Lifetime CA2209715C (en) 1995-01-10 1996-01-08 Packet radio system and methods for a protocol-independent routing of a data packet in packet radio networks

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (1) US5970059A (en)
EP (1) EP0804844B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3684387B2 (en)
CN (1) CN1112790C (en)
AT (1) ATE295036T1 (en)
AU (1) AU702765B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2209715C (en)
DE (1) DE69634690T2 (en)
DK (1) DK0804844T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2239765T3 (en)
FI (1) FI98586C (en)
HK (1) HK1005399A1 (en)
NO (1) NO323970B1 (en)
WO (1) WO1996021983A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (172)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI102860B (en) 1995-11-07 1999-02-26 Nokia Telecommunications Oy Procedure and apparatus for transmitting an electronic payment
FI101921B (en) * 1996-06-07 1998-09-15 Nokia Telecommunications Oy Implementation of ATM virtual channels in a packet network
US6073015A (en) * 1996-07-11 2000-06-06 Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) System and method of providing services when the mobile is home registered in a microcellular network and receives support from a macrocellular network
US5940394A (en) * 1996-08-08 1999-08-17 At&T Corp Transferring messages in networks made up of subnetworks with different namespaces
US5905719A (en) * 1996-09-19 1999-05-18 Bell Communications Research, Inc. Method and system for wireless internet access
US6473404B1 (en) 1998-11-24 2002-10-29 Connect One, Inc. Multi-protocol telecommunications routing optimization
US6016307A (en) 1996-10-31 2000-01-18 Connect One, Inc. Multi-protocol telecommunications routing optimization
US6690654B2 (en) 1996-11-18 2004-02-10 Mci Communications Corporation Method and system for multi-media collaboration between remote parties
US6335927B1 (en) 1996-11-18 2002-01-01 Mci Communications Corporation System and method for providing requested quality of service in a hybrid network
US6754181B1 (en) 1996-11-18 2004-06-22 Mci Communications Corporation System and method for a directory service supporting a hybrid communication system architecture
NO319527B1 (en) * 1997-01-15 2005-08-22 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Method for obtaining a unique identification at a mobile station
FI103084B (en) 1997-01-20 1999-04-15 Nokia Telecommunications Oy Packet radio networks and the procedure for updating the routing area
US6731625B1 (en) 1997-02-10 2004-05-04 Mci Communications Corporation System, method and article of manufacture for a call back architecture in a hybrid network with support for internet telephony
SE517600C2 (en) * 1997-03-13 2002-06-25 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Device, system and method for establishing a connection between a telecommunications station and a data network
US6122263A (en) * 1997-06-10 2000-09-19 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson Internet access for cellular networks
US6151628A (en) * 1997-07-03 2000-11-21 3Com Corporation Network access methods, including direct wireless to internet access
DE19730363B4 (en) * 1997-07-15 2011-08-11 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Site-specific World Wide Web services in digital cellular communication networks
SE9703327L (en) * 1997-09-12 1999-03-13 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Method and apparatus for data communication
FI106286B (en) * 1997-09-30 2000-12-29 Nokia Networks Oy Call by a mobile subscriber to form a packet connection
US6400722B1 (en) * 1997-10-14 2002-06-04 Lucent Technologies Inc. Optimum routing system
US6512754B2 (en) 1997-10-14 2003-01-28 Lucent Technologies Inc. Point-to-point protocol encapsulation in ethernet frame
US6393482B1 (en) * 1997-10-14 2002-05-21 Lucent Technologies Inc. Inter-working function selection system in a network
US6577643B1 (en) * 1997-10-14 2003-06-10 Lucent Technologies Inc. Message and communication system in a network
US6414950B1 (en) * 1997-10-14 2002-07-02 Lucent Technologies Inc. Sequence delivery of messages
US6876634B1 (en) * 1997-11-26 2005-04-05 Lg Information & Communications, Ltd. Architecture of mobile communication systems network and method for transmitting packet data using the same
US6535493B1 (en) * 1998-01-15 2003-03-18 Symbol Technologies, Inc. Mobile internet communication protocol
KR100281083B1 (en) * 1998-01-23 2001-02-01 서평원 Method of Performing Wireless Data Communication Between the Mobile Data Cellular-Phone
US6208633B1 (en) * 1998-02-05 2001-03-27 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson System and method for mobile data services
FI106424B (en) * 1998-02-13 2001-01-31 Nokia Networks Oy Update of routing area in a packet radio network
US6353614B1 (en) 1998-03-05 2002-03-05 3Com Corporation Method and protocol for distributed network address translation
FI108103B (en) * 1998-04-15 2001-11-15 Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd Intermediary level for implementing protocol adaptations in a digital wireless communication system
JP4273535B2 (en) * 1998-05-12 2009-06-03 ソニー株式会社 Data transmission control method, data transmission system, data receiving apparatus and data transmitting apparatus
GB2383723B (en) * 1998-06-03 2003-09-10 Orange Personal Comm Serv Ltd Mobile communications
DE19849578A1 (en) * 1998-10-27 2000-01-13 Siemens Ag Method and cellular network for handling a packet data service
US6680922B1 (en) 1998-07-10 2004-01-20 Malibu Networks, Inc. Method for the recognition and operation of virtual private networks (VPNs) over a wireless point to multi-point (PtMP) transmission system
US6628629B1 (en) 1998-07-10 2003-09-30 Malibu Networks Reservation based prioritization method for wireless transmission of latency and jitter sensitive IP-flows in a wireless point to multi-point transmission system
US6640248B1 (en) 1998-07-10 2003-10-28 Malibu Networks, Inc. Application-aware, quality of service (QoS) sensitive, media access control (MAC) layer
US6862622B2 (en) 1998-07-10 2005-03-01 Van Drebbel Mariner Llc Transmission control protocol/internet protocol (TCP/IP) packet-centric wireless point to multi-point (PTMP) transmission system architecture
US6590885B1 (en) 1998-07-10 2003-07-08 Malibu Networks, Inc. IP-flow characterization in a wireless point to multi-point (PTMP) transmission system
US6594246B1 (en) 1998-07-10 2003-07-15 Malibu Networks, Inc. IP-flow identification in a wireless point to multi-point transmission system
US6452915B1 (en) 1998-07-10 2002-09-17 Malibu Networks, Inc. IP-flow classification in a wireless point to multi-point (PTMP) transmission system
CN1221110C (en) * 1998-07-17 2005-09-28 松下电器产业株式会社 Communication system, its network juncture, radio information terminal and radio communication method
DE69937150T2 (en) * 1998-07-29 2008-06-12 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DISPATCHING CALLS FOCUSED ON MOBILE STATIONS
FI106503B (en) * 1998-09-21 2001-02-15 Nokia Networks Oy IP mobility mechanism for packet radio network
FI106825B (en) * 1998-09-21 2001-04-12 Nokia Networks Oy IP mobility mechanism for packet radio network
JP3756061B2 (en) 1998-10-05 2006-03-15 ノキア コーポレイション Frame control method and apparatus
EP1814262A1 (en) * 1998-10-05 2007-08-01 Nokia Corporation Frame control method and apparatus
JP3994599B2 (en) * 1998-10-21 2007-10-24 富士ゼロックス株式会社 Recording device and recording method, fee calculation device, fee calculation method, and fee billing system
US6539237B1 (en) * 1998-11-09 2003-03-25 Cisco Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for integrated wireless communications in private and public network environments
US6160804A (en) * 1998-11-13 2000-12-12 Lucent Technologies Inc. Mobility management for a multimedia mobile network
WO2000033523A1 (en) * 1998-12-03 2000-06-08 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) System and method for mobile terminal registration in an integrated wireless packet-switched network
CA2287613A1 (en) * 1998-12-07 2000-06-07 Kenneth Carl Budka Methods and apparatus for route optimization in a communications system
US6515989B1 (en) * 1998-12-22 2003-02-04 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Collecting per-packet billing data in a packet data service
KR20010099946A (en) * 1998-12-23 2001-11-09 추후제출 Wireless local loop system supporting voice/ip
WO2000041418A1 (en) * 1999-01-08 2000-07-13 Motorola Inc. Routing data in an ip-based communication system
US6693894B1 (en) * 1999-01-12 2004-02-17 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Pulb) Communications network and method for directly routing calls to mobile subscribers using an internet protocol network
US6584080B1 (en) * 1999-01-14 2003-06-24 Aero-Vision Technologies, Inc. Wireless burstable communications repeater
US6587441B1 (en) * 1999-01-22 2003-07-01 Technology Alternatives, Inc. Method and apparatus for transportation of data over a managed wireless network using unique communication protocol
US6721555B1 (en) * 1999-02-19 2004-04-13 Qualcomm Incorporated System and method for facilitating device authentication in a wireless communications system
US6711146B2 (en) * 1999-02-22 2004-03-23 Genesys Telecommunications Laboratories, Inc. Telecommunication system for automatically locating by network connection and selectively delivering calls to mobile client devices
CA2371555C (en) * 1999-04-28 2005-01-11 Shabnam Sultana Virtual numbering plan for inter-operability between heterogeneous networks
WO2000070824A2 (en) * 1999-05-13 2000-11-23 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Distributed local and wide area network independent of connection media supported in networked devices, and managed by the networked devices
US7606189B1 (en) * 1999-06-09 2009-10-20 Cellco Partnership Architecture of internet protocol-based cellular networks
US8670405B1 (en) 1999-06-09 2014-03-11 Cellco Partnership Mobile internet protocol square
US7502339B1 (en) * 1999-06-21 2009-03-10 Nokia Telecommunications Oyj Mobility within a packet-switched telephony network
US6377556B1 (en) * 1999-07-14 2002-04-23 Qualcomm Incorporated Method and apparatus to resynchronize ppp on um interface without affecting ppp on a rm interface and to resynchronize ppp on a rm interface without affecting ppp on a um interface
GB2353183B (en) 1999-08-12 2003-06-11 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Cellular communications systems
US6914897B1 (en) 1999-09-27 2005-07-05 3 Com Corporation System and method for accessing radio programs using a data network telephone in a network based telecommunication system
US6795429B1 (en) * 1999-09-27 2004-09-21 3Com Corporation System and method for associating notes with a portable information device on a network telephony call
US7016675B1 (en) 1999-09-27 2006-03-21 3Com Corporation System and method for controlling telephone service using a wireless personal information device
US6937699B1 (en) 1999-09-27 2005-08-30 3Com Corporation System and method for advertising using data network telephone connections
US6744759B1 (en) 1999-09-27 2004-06-01 3Com Corporation System and method for providing user-configured telephone service in a data network telephony system
US6687243B1 (en) 1999-09-29 2004-02-03 Cisco Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for integrated wireless communications in private and public network environments
JP3387041B2 (en) * 1999-09-30 2003-03-17 富士通株式会社 Protocol conversion device, communication device, communication program storage medium, and communication system
FI110562B (en) 1999-10-22 2003-02-14 Nokia Corp Packet data service in a mobile telephone system
DE19957642C2 (en) 1999-11-30 2002-03-28 Bosch Gmbh Robert Method for transmitting data by means of radio transmission systems between transmitting / receiving stations and computer for assigning radio transmission systems for transmitting data between transmitting / receiving stations
FI19992560A (en) * 1999-11-30 2001-05-31 Nokia Networks Oy IP mobility in telecommunication systems
FI19992593A (en) 1999-12-02 2001-06-03 Nokia Networks Oy Call routing in a telecommunications system
US6879568B1 (en) 1999-12-20 2005-04-12 Cisco Technology, Inc. Quick layer-3 message multiplexing
US7190687B1 (en) 2000-01-04 2007-03-13 Qualcomm Incorporated Method and apparatus for requesting point-to-point protocol (PPP) instances from a packet data services network
US7197017B1 (en) 2000-01-04 2007-03-27 Qualcomm, Incorporated Method and apparatus for channel optimization during point-to-point protocol (PPP) session requests
FR2803963B1 (en) * 2000-01-17 2008-10-17 Sagem METHOD FOR CONNECTING A DEDICATED RADIOCOMMUNICATION NETWORK WITH AN EXTERNAL RADIO COMMUNICATION NETWORK
US7003571B1 (en) 2000-01-31 2006-02-21 Telecommunication Systems Corporation Of Maryland System and method for re-directing requests from browsers for communication over non-IP based networks
US8090856B1 (en) 2000-01-31 2012-01-03 Telecommunication Systems, Inc. Intelligent messaging network server interconnection
US7689696B2 (en) * 2000-01-31 2010-03-30 Telecommunication Systems, Inc. System and method for re-directing requests from browsers for communications over non-IP based networks
US6435164B1 (en) 2000-12-07 2002-08-20 Ford Global Technologies, Inc. Fuel weathering method for vehicle evaporative emission system
US8019836B2 (en) 2002-01-02 2011-09-13 Mesh Comm, Llc Wireless communication enabled meter and network
US8370435B1 (en) 2000-01-31 2013-02-05 Telecommunication Systems, Inc. System and method for servers to send alerts to connectionless devices
US7260078B1 (en) 2000-02-08 2007-08-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method and system for providing management protocol mediation in wireless communications networks
US6515985B2 (en) * 2000-02-08 2003-02-04 Airslide Systems Ltd. Convergence of telephone signaling, voice and data over a packet-switched network
US7307968B2 (en) * 2000-02-16 2007-12-11 Nokia Corporation Method and system for communicating data between a mobile communications architecture and a packet switched architecture
US7266371B1 (en) 2000-02-22 2007-09-04 Cingular Wireless Ii, Llc Activation and remote modification of wireless services in a packet network context
US6650901B1 (en) 2000-02-29 2003-11-18 3Com Corporation System and method for providing user-configured telephone service in a data network telephony system
US6804224B1 (en) 2000-02-29 2004-10-12 3Com Corporation System and method for providing telephone service having private branch exchange features in a voice-over-data network telephony system
US6856616B1 (en) 2000-02-29 2005-02-15 3Com Corporation System and method for providing service provider configurations for telephones using a central server in a data network telephony system
US6810031B1 (en) 2000-02-29 2004-10-26 Celox Networks, Inc. Method and device for distributing bandwidth
JP2001251366A (en) * 2000-03-07 2001-09-14 Sony Corp Communication system and communication method
EP1487175A2 (en) * 2000-04-06 2004-12-15 The Distribution Systems Research Institute Terminal-to-terminal communication connection control method using an IP transfer network
EP1146702A3 (en) * 2000-04-10 2006-03-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Communication system and communication method for the integrated transmission of a first data with real time requirements and a second data without real time requirements
US6993359B1 (en) * 2000-04-28 2006-01-31 Cisco Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for inter-cell handover in wireless networks using multiple protocols
US7469142B2 (en) * 2000-04-28 2008-12-23 Cisco Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for inter-cell handover in wireless networks using multiple protocols
US7324635B2 (en) 2000-05-04 2008-01-29 Telemaze Llc Branch calling and caller ID based call routing telephone features
DE60034319T2 (en) * 2000-05-19 2007-12-20 Lucent Technologies Inc. System and method for real-time data transmission
EP1156685B1 (en) 2000-05-19 2010-09-22 Lucent Technologies Inc. Telephone systems
US6741586B1 (en) 2000-05-31 2004-05-25 3Com Corporation System and method for sharing computer screens over a telephony network
US6665722B1 (en) * 2000-05-31 2003-12-16 Bbnt Solutions Llc Store-and-forward packet radio system and method
US7010300B1 (en) * 2000-06-15 2006-03-07 Sprint Spectrum L.P. Method and system for intersystem wireless communications session hand-off
US6970719B1 (en) 2000-06-15 2005-11-29 Sprint Spectrum L.P. Private wireless network integrated with public wireless network
DE10046344C2 (en) * 2000-09-19 2003-07-24 Siemens Ag Access network and procedure for its operation
US7039025B1 (en) * 2000-09-29 2006-05-02 Siemens Communications, Inc. System and method for providing general packet radio services in a private wireless network
SE518479C2 (en) * 2000-10-13 2002-10-15 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Communication systems that support wireless communication of packet data and method and device related thereto
US6591098B1 (en) * 2000-11-07 2003-07-08 At&T Wireless Services, Inc. System and method for using a temporary electronic serial number for over-the-air activation of a mobile device
US7483983B1 (en) * 2000-11-13 2009-01-27 Telecommunication Systems, Inc. Method and system for deploying content to wireless devices
US6965777B1 (en) * 2000-11-16 2005-11-15 Thomas Cast Method of delivering short messages using a SMPP gateway with standard interface
US6975876B1 (en) * 2000-11-17 2005-12-13 Thomas Cast System and method for performing throttle control in a SMPP gateway
US6850763B1 (en) * 2000-11-22 2005-02-01 Winphoria Networks, Inc. System and method of servicing mobile communications with a proxy switch
US6801771B1 (en) * 2000-11-22 2004-10-05 Winphoria Networks, Inc. System and method of mobility management in a mobile communications network having a proxy switch
US7006479B1 (en) 2000-11-28 2006-02-28 Cisco Technology, Inc. System and method of a wireless network operation and maintenance
KR100377238B1 (en) * 2000-12-04 2003-03-26 재단법인 충남대학교 산학연교육연구재단 A Differentiated Service Adapting Method and System for UMTS/GPRS
US6970711B2 (en) * 2000-12-20 2005-11-29 Nortel Networks Limited Dual protocol GPRS message center and method therefor
US7046646B2 (en) * 2001-01-29 2006-05-16 Ipr Licensing, Inc. Method and apparatus for simple PPP handoff for mobile users
AU2002305875A1 (en) * 2001-06-04 2002-12-16 At And T Wireless Services, Inc. Hotline routing of pre-activated gsm subscribers using pseudo-msisdns
US20030061405A1 (en) * 2001-08-15 2003-03-27 Open Technologies Group, Inc. System, method and computer program product for protocol-independent processing of information in an enterprise integration application
US6985734B2 (en) * 2001-10-01 2006-01-10 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Telecommunications system and method for implementing H. 248 media gateways within third-generation mobile access networks
US7039431B2 (en) * 2001-10-04 2006-05-02 Telefonktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) System for providing subscriber features within a telecommunications network
US7039403B2 (en) * 2001-10-26 2006-05-02 Wong Gregory A Method and apparatus to manage a resource
US20030086418A1 (en) * 2001-11-06 2003-05-08 Mcintosh Chris P. Intelligent private 3G network and method of operating the same
US6907028B2 (en) * 2002-02-14 2005-06-14 Nokia Corporation Clock-based time slicing
US7130313B2 (en) * 2002-02-14 2006-10-31 Nokia Corporation Time-slice signaling for broadband digital broadcasting
US20030162543A1 (en) * 2002-02-28 2003-08-28 Nokia Corporation System and method for interrupt-free hand-over in a mobile terminal
US7844214B2 (en) * 2002-03-02 2010-11-30 Nokia Corporation System and method for broadband digital broadcasting
US8417294B2 (en) * 2002-03-27 2013-04-09 Alcatel Lucent Method and system for providing data services in a hybrid network
FI20020791A (en) * 2002-04-24 2003-10-25 Nokia Corp Procedures and systems for forwarding data units
US8578015B2 (en) * 2002-04-29 2013-11-05 Harris Corporation Tracking traffic in a mobile ad hoc network
US7289463B2 (en) * 2002-04-30 2007-10-30 Alcatel Lucent Hierarchical wireless network and an associated method for delivering IP packets to mobile stations
AU2003267317B8 (en) 2002-05-10 2009-08-06 Interdigital Technology Corporation System for permitting control of the purging of a node B by the serving radio network controller
US20030225887A1 (en) * 2002-05-28 2003-12-04 Rene Purnadi Establishing IP level connectivity by use of L-2 dormant mobile node activation
US7362768B1 (en) * 2002-07-18 2008-04-22 Cisco Technology, Inc. Routing data packets in a communication network
US7089313B2 (en) * 2002-07-25 2006-08-08 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Protocol independent communication system for mobile devices
US7058034B2 (en) 2002-09-09 2006-06-06 Nokia Corporation Phase shifted time slice transmission to improve handover
US20040057400A1 (en) * 2002-09-24 2004-03-25 Nokia Corporation Anti-synchronous radio channel slicing for smoother handover and continuous service reception
KR100456475B1 (en) * 2002-12-20 2004-11-09 한국전자통신연구원 System for embodying protocol in Gateway GPRS Supporting Node and Method thereof
JP2004320389A (en) * 2003-04-16 2004-11-11 Nec Corp System and device for transferring data, method for the same, and control program
US7065144B2 (en) 2003-08-27 2006-06-20 Qualcomm Incorporated Frequency-independent spatial processing for wideband MISO and MIMO systems
US8472473B2 (en) 2003-10-15 2013-06-25 Qualcomm Incorporated Wireless LAN protocol stack
US8483105B2 (en) 2003-10-15 2013-07-09 Qualcomm Incorporated High speed media access control
US9226308B2 (en) 2003-10-15 2015-12-29 Qualcomm Incorporated Method, apparatus, and system for medium access control
US8233462B2 (en) 2003-10-15 2012-07-31 Qualcomm Incorporated High speed media access control and direct link protocol
US8842657B2 (en) 2003-10-15 2014-09-23 Qualcomm Incorporated High speed media access control with legacy system interoperability
US8462817B2 (en) 2003-10-15 2013-06-11 Qualcomm Incorporated Method, apparatus, and system for multiplexing protocol data units
US8284752B2 (en) 2003-10-15 2012-10-09 Qualcomm Incorporated Method, apparatus, and system for medium access control
BRPI0415422A (en) * 2003-10-15 2006-12-05 Qualcomm Inc high speed media access control with legacy system interoperability
KR100962647B1 (en) * 2003-10-27 2010-06-11 삼성전자주식회사 Method for supporting mobility of mobile terminal and system thereof
US8085765B2 (en) * 2003-11-03 2011-12-27 Intel Corporation Distributed exterior gateway protocol
US7366528B1 (en) * 2004-01-13 2008-04-29 At&T Mobility Ii Llc Preventing wireless message delivery outside of specified times
US8903440B2 (en) 2004-01-29 2014-12-02 Qualcomm Incorporated Distributed hierarchical scheduling in an ad hoc network
US7818018B2 (en) 2004-01-29 2010-10-19 Qualcomm Incorporated Distributed hierarchical scheduling in an AD hoc network
US8116776B1 (en) 2004-03-23 2012-02-14 Cisco Technology, Inc. Mobile communication handoff between heterogeneous networks
US8315271B2 (en) 2004-03-26 2012-11-20 Qualcomm Incorporated Method and apparatus for an ad-hoc wireless communications system
US7564814B2 (en) 2004-05-07 2009-07-21 Qualcomm, Incorporated Transmission mode and rate selection for a wireless communication system
US7304974B2 (en) * 2004-05-14 2007-12-04 Cisco Technology, Inc. Supporting a network behind a wireless station
US8401018B2 (en) 2004-06-02 2013-03-19 Qualcomm Incorporated Method and apparatus for scheduling in a wireless network
CN100344171C (en) * 2004-09-23 2007-10-17 华为技术有限公司 Radio network frame and method of implementing data transmission using said radio network frame
US7882412B2 (en) 2004-10-05 2011-02-01 Sanjiv Nanda Enhanced block acknowledgement
US7957277B2 (en) * 2005-02-25 2011-06-07 Interdigital Technology Corporation Wireless communication method and system for routing packets via intra-mesh and extra-mesh routes
US8600336B2 (en) 2005-09-12 2013-12-03 Qualcomm Incorporated Scheduling with reverse direction grant in wireless communication systems
CN100466860C (en) * 2006-06-26 2009-03-04 华为技术有限公司 A method for optimization of distribution user interface instance under the master-slave structure
KR100749925B1 (en) 2006-06-29 2007-08-16 주식회사 도루코 Razor
US8351381B1 (en) 2009-01-08 2013-01-08 Sprint Spectrum L.P. System and method for switching from a first radio link to a second radio link for sending or receiving a message via the second radio link
EP2224760B1 (en) * 2009-02-27 2013-07-17 Research In Motion Limited Network entity, method and system for invocation of supplementary services across different networks
US8428566B2 (en) 2009-02-27 2013-04-23 Research In Motion Limited Network entity, method and system for invocation of supplementary services across different networks
CN102006643A (en) * 2009-09-01 2011-04-06 中兴通讯股份有限公司 Signaling optimization method and system for idle mode signaling reduction (ISR) functional deactivation executed by joint node

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4316283A (en) * 1978-06-02 1982-02-16 Texas Instruments Incorporated Transparent intelligent network for data and voice
US4755992A (en) * 1986-06-06 1988-07-05 Racal Data Communications Inc. Transparent packet access over d-channel of ISDN
US5251205A (en) * 1990-09-04 1993-10-05 Digital Equipment Corporation Multiple protocol routing
CA2066538C (en) * 1991-07-09 1997-12-23 Brian David Bolliger Mobile-telephone system call processing arrangement
US5313465A (en) * 1992-05-13 1994-05-17 Digital Equipment Corporation Method of merging networks across a common backbone network
US5325362A (en) * 1993-09-29 1994-06-28 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Scalable and efficient intra-domain tunneling mobile-IP scheme
SE9304119D0 (en) * 1993-12-10 1993-12-10 Ericsson Ge Mobile Communicat Devices and mobile stations for providing packaged data communication in digital TDMA cellular systems
US5793762A (en) * 1994-04-12 1998-08-11 U S West Technologies, Inc. System and method for providing packet data and voice services to mobile subscribers
NL9401142A (en) * 1994-07-11 1996-02-01 Nederland Ptt Transfer of messages over different subnetworks.
US5717689A (en) * 1995-10-10 1998-02-10 Lucent Technologies Inc. Data link layer protocol for transport of ATM cells over a wireless link

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE295036T1 (en) 2005-05-15
JP3684387B2 (en) 2005-08-17
ES2239765T3 (en) 2005-10-01
CA2209715A1 (en) 1996-07-18
DE69634690D1 (en) 2005-06-09
WO1996021983A1 (en) 1996-07-18
EP0804844A1 (en) 1997-11-05
NO973177L (en) 1997-09-09
DE69634690T2 (en) 2006-05-04
EP0804844B1 (en) 2005-05-04
US5970059A (en) 1999-10-19
AU702765B2 (en) 1999-03-04
DK0804844T3 (en) 2005-06-06
FI950116A (en) 1996-07-11
CN1173954A (en) 1998-02-18
NO973177D0 (en) 1997-07-09
HK1005399A1 (en) 1999-01-08
FI98586C (en) 1997-07-10
CN1112790C (en) 2003-06-25
FI950116A0 (en) 1995-01-10
JPH10512409A (en) 1998-11-24
NO323970B1 (en) 2007-07-30
FI98586B (en) 1997-03-27
AU4392896A (en) 1996-07-31

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CA2209715C (en) Packet radio system and methods for a protocol-independent routing of a data packet in packet radio networks
US6973076B2 (en) Mobile communication network, terminal equipment, packet communication control method, and gateway
US6400712B1 (en) Fast circuit switched data architecture and method
US7042855B1 (en) Method for routing data in a communication system
EP1018242B1 (en) Gprs-subscriber selection of multiple internet service providers
CA2283886C (en) Communicating packet data with a mobile station roaming within an incompatible mobile network
JP3402612B2 (en) Method and apparatus for dynamically assigning addresses to wireless communication stations
US7751379B2 (en) IP mobility mechanism for a packet radio network
US6822971B1 (en) Apparatus, and association method, for identifying data with an address
US7228143B1 (en) Paging of mobile subscriber to establish packet-switched connection
CA2249831A1 (en) Mobility management system
JPH0879820A (en) Uniform access to carrier between exchanges in mobile radio packet data communication system
JP4418136B2 (en) Communications system
US6731617B1 (en) Tunneling signaling method and apparatus
CN100401833C (en) Radio network access mechanism
EP0933956A1 (en) Method and system for routing a paging message from a public land mobile network to a mobile station in a local communication system
US8238907B2 (en) Location dependent handling of mobile subscribers
KR100442435B1 (en) Service method for Packet Data of GPRS Network
KR20000008027A (en) System network for contacting internet/packet network
Fu A comparison of indirect and optimal routing in mobile networks

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
EEER Examination request
MKEX Expiry

Effective date: 20160108

MKEX Expiry

Effective date: 20160108