CA2167947C - Downhole milling tool - Google Patents
Downhole milling tool Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2167947C CA2167947C CA002167947A CA2167947A CA2167947C CA 2167947 C CA2167947 C CA 2167947C CA 002167947 A CA002167947 A CA 002167947A CA 2167947 A CA2167947 A CA 2167947A CA 2167947 C CA2167947 C CA 2167947C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- cutting
- casing
- tool
- blade
- blades
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 172
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B29/00—Cutting or destroying pipes, packers, plugs, or wire lines, located in boreholes or wells, e.g. cutting of damaged pipes, of windows; Deforming of pipes in boreholes or wells; Reconditioning of well casings while in the ground
- E21B29/002—Cutting, e.g. milling, a pipe with a cutter rotating along the circumference of the pipe
- E21B29/005—Cutting, e.g. milling, a pipe with a cutter rotating along the circumference of the pipe with a radially-expansible cutter rotating inside the pipe, e.g. for cutting an annular window
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B5/00—Turning-machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor
- B23B5/16—Turning-machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor for bevelling, chamfering, or deburring the ends of bars or tubes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B5/00—Turning-machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor
- B23B5/16—Turning-machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor for bevelling, chamfering, or deburring the ends of bars or tubes
- B23B5/167—Tools for chamfering the ends of bars or tubes
- B23B5/168—Tools for chamfering the ends of bars or tubes with guiding devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/28—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass cutting tools
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B29/00—Cutting or destroying pipes, packers, plugs, or wire lines, located in boreholes or wells, e.g. cutting of damaged pipes, of windows; Deforming of pipes in boreholes or wells; Reconditioning of well casings while in the ground
- E21B29/002—Cutting, e.g. milling, a pipe with a cutter rotating along the circumference of the pipe
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/26—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers
- E21B10/32—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers with expansible cutting tools
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
- Y10T407/11—Cutters, for shaping including chip breaker, guide or deflector detachable from tool and tool holder
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
- Y10T407/24—Cutters, for shaping with chip breaker, guide or deflector
- Y10T407/245—Cutters, for shaping with chip breaker, guide or deflector comprising concave surface in cutting face of tool
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T408/00—Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
- Y10T408/78—Tool of specific diverse material
Abstract
A tool (22) for cutting or milling casing in a well is disclosed. It includes a plurality of blades (36) extending outwardly to a substantially radial position for cutting the walls of casing strings and removing a predetermined length of the casing strings in a cutting action. The blades have cutting elements (66) positioned on leading faces (68) of the blades to engage the casing strings in a cutting action without tripping or removal from the bore hole. The cutting element (66) has surface irregularities (78) to cause the metal chips cut from the casings to break off at short lengths. The cutting element (66) can also have stress relieving grooves (80) to prevent the propagation of a crack across the face of the element.
Description
DOWNHOLE MILLING FOOT
FIEF O~ THE INVEN'~,'~ON
This invention relates generally to a cutting ox milling tool and method for cutting or mi.liing fixed easing strings downhole, and more particularly to such a cutting tool ahd method having cutting blades extending radially outwardly, from the cutting tool for cutting the casing z0 strings.
~,ACICGROUNU OF ~iE INVENT=ON
Heretofore, such as shown in U.S. patent No. 4,8887,688 dated peceiab~r 19, 1989, Cutting tools for Cuttixrg well z5 Caaing ar casing strings have been provided utilizing swinging blades for first cutting the inner periphery of a string of well casing and then cutting a aectiori of the cut casing string from its arm.ular cut end ,for removing a desired length or longitudinal section of casing as might be 30 reguired for removing a damaged section or to provide a window fat- diagonal drilling, for example. As shown in the aforementioned patent, swinging blades have had separate cutting inserts or discs mounted on their outer ends and upper sides for cutting a single string of casing.
21 s 7 9 ~ 7 ~,~s94,~ga NQ~ally, and especially for wells of a substantial depth, casing strings of different diameters are utilized with the lowenaost casing string being of the widest diameter. For exaraple an outer lotaer caning of around 13-3/8 inches in diameter with an inner ugper casing of around 9-5/8 inches in diameter may be'utilized with overlapping end portions providing an annulus filled with concrete for securing the two casing strings together in a sealed relation. Thus, in the event the removed casing sections include a so-Galled cemented joint, it is necessary to remove two separate casing strings at the joint as well as concrete in the annulus between the, strings.
In the event the inner casing is removed first in one cutting operation, and then the cuter casing is removed in a separate cutting operation, a different blade or tool is utilized which requires a tripping or removal of the tool from the bore hole. rf the same cutting tool is used far bath cutting operations, it is difficult to stabilize the Cutting tool during putting of the.outer string, as the tool ~o body which fits within the inner casing is spayed laterally a substantial distance from the inner periphmry of the outer casing. While special blades, utilizing a tang or projecting lug on the lower end of each blade for riding along the inner periphery of the outer casing, may be used ~5 for stabilization of the tool during the cutting operation, such an arrangement requires removal of the cutting tool from the bore hole after cutting of the inner casing for attachment of the special blades and subsequent running in of the teal. such a "tripping" of the cutting Coal is 30 costly and time consuming.
U.&. Patent Nv. 3,331,43 shows a cutting tool for cutting multiple casing strir~gs simultaneousrly i,rithout having to remove the cutting tool from the well riare and with the cutting tool centered by the small diameter casing 35 being cut_ However, this cutting tool removes a section or length of casing by engaging and cutting the lower annular cut end of the casing and the. putting surface of the blade is along its upper side only.
WO 95lQ3473 ' ~ ~ ~ PCTIUS94!00880 For cutting multiple casing strings simultaneously, the cutting blades must first eut through the walls of the multiple casing strings in series, and then a sentian ar length of the multiple casing stx~.ngs is cut away simultaneously, Thus, as. shown in U.S. patent No.
3,331,439, the cutting surface on the extending end of the pivoted blade has been utilixed for cutting through the casing walls in series a.nd then the cutting surface along the upper side of the blade has been utilized far cutting away the lower annular out ends of multiple casing strings simultaneously during upward movement of the cutting tool.
The present invention is directed to a tool for cutting 1S yr milling fixed casing stririgr downhole, and , in one embodiment, to such a cutting tool for cutting multiple casing strings simultaneously with the same blades and without any trips in and out of the well being required for changing to different type blades or tools. The cutting ~0 tool has a plurality of radially extending blades, with each blade having at least one cutting element an its leading face when the tool is rotated about its axis in a cutting action. rn one embodiment, the blades swing out to a radially extended position. upon rotation of the cutting 2s tool and initiation of the cutting action, the cutting element surface adjacent to the career of each blade between the outer end and upper side thereof first engages the inner periphery of the inner casing for cutting through the wail of the inner casing. After cutting through the wall of the 30 inner casing, the blades can expand further autorardly and the surface of the cutting element near the lower side of tt~e blade then engages the upper aruzular cut end of the inner casing in cutting relation for removal of the inner casing. At the same time, the cutting element surface 35 adjacent the corners of the blades at the ends and top sides of the blades simultaneously engages the inner periphery of the outer casing for cutting through the wall~of the outer casi,.ng. Upon cutting through the wall of the outer casing, the elongate blades further expand radially to a generally horizontal position with the cutting element surface near the lower side of the blade then engaging simultaneously in cutting relation the upper annular ends of both the inner casing and the outer casing for removal of a predetermined length thereof. The cutting tool is centralized or stabilized within the inner casing by stabilizer fins extending laterally outwardly from the tool body to a position adjacent the inner periphery of the inner casing for maintaining the cutting tool in a centered position during the cutting operation.
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention there is provided a cutting tool adapted to be positioned downhole in a well bore for removing material from the well bore, said tool comprising:
a tool body adapted to be received within the well bore and to be supported at its upper end for rotation about its longitudinal axis; and a plurality of blades arranged at spaced intervals around said tool body, each said blade having a leading surface and each said leading surface having a plurality of chip breaking surface irregularities formed thereon, each said leading surface of each said blade having a single cutting element which substantially covers said entire blade.
The novel features of this invention, as well as the invention itself, both as to its structure and its operation, will be best understood from the accompanying drawings, taken in conjunction with the accompanying description, in which similar reference characters refer to similar parts, and in which:
- 4a -BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Embodiments of the present invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figures 1A and 1B are examples of prior art cutting tools for cutting a well joint having inner and outer concentric casings in which a separate cutting operation is provided for each casing string upon a downward movement of the cutting tool;
Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view, partly in elevation, showing a cutting tool positioned within an inner wo ~$~~4~ ~ 1 ~ '7 ~ 4 7 PCTlU594I00880 casing surrounded by' an outer Co~tCentriG casing With the cutting blades engaging the inner periphery of the inner casing:
Figure 3 is a longitudinal sectional view similar to Figure 2 but showing the ends of tha blades engaging the inner periphery of the outer casing with the lower sides of the blades simultaneously engaging the inner casing in a cutting action:
Figure ~ is a longitudinal sectional view similar to to Figures 2 and 3 but showing the blades in full expanded position engaging the upper annular cut ends of both inner and outer casings in cutting relation for removal of a predetermined length or section of the casings;
Figure 5 is a perspective of the blade removed frarn the Gutting tool shown in figures 2-4 and shoGting a plurality of individual cutting elements along the periphery of the blade;
Figure 6 is a section taken generally along line 5~~ of Figure 5;
2o Figure ~ is a front elevation of another embodiment of a blade in which two rows of cutting elements are provided an the fewer side of the blade;
Figure s is a section taken along line e-8 of Figure 7;
Figure 9 is a~ bottom plan of an extending end portion of a modified blade in which the ,cutting .elements on the leading and trailing rows are staggered horizontally to provide different concentric cutting paths: _ Figure 10 is a partial sectional view of a further mod~.fied blade i.n which the cutting elements have a negative axial rake and the front face of a cutting element is shown engaging the upper annular end of a casing in cutting relation:
Figure I1 is an elevation view of one embodiment of the blade of the present invention, with linear surface irregularities for chip breakers;
Figure 12 is an elevation view of an alternative erabodiment of the blade of the present invention, with circular surface irregularities for~chip breakers: and wo ~~o~~~ ~ ~ ~ '~ ~ 4 ~ rcTrfrs~a~oosso - s figure 13 is an elevation view of another alternative embodiment of the blade of the present invention, with a plurality of cutting elements arranged in a column, each having circular surface irregularities for chip breakers.
b~S IPTION OF $ FERRED EMBO IM NTS
Referring first to Figures lA and is, examples of prior art cutting tools for cutting concentric casing strings upon downward movement era illustrated. Figure lA shows cutting tool z with blades B cutting an inner casing IC and a stabiliser S for centering tool T withix~ inner casing IC
during the cutting operation. An annulus A between inner casing IC and outer casing OC is normally filled with concrete. ~°igure 1B shows blades B in cutting relation with cuter casing OC in a separate cutting operation after removal of a section of. inner casing IC. A tang or lug L on .~ blades H is provided to ride along outer casing OC to center or stabilize tool T within outer casing OC.
Referring now to the drawings for a better understanding of this invention, and more particularly to Figures 2-4, an inner casing or casing string far a well is shown at. to and an outer concentric casing or casing string is shown at 11. The annulus 12 between casings 10, 11 is usually filled with concrete (not Shawn), A drill string is indj.Cated generally at 14 having a central bore 16 to receive .drilling fluid through drill string 14 from a surface location. A lower threaded end 18 of drill string ht is received in threaded engagement within the upper end of a cutting tool generally indicated at 22.
Cutting tool 22 has a tubular cutter body z4 forming a central bore 26 which ri.ouses a fluid pressure responsive means which will be described later. the fluid pressure responsive means is responsive to flowing drilling~fluid from dxi.ii string 14 for hydraulic actuation as will be explained further. Cutting tool 22 has a lower reduced diameter bore portion 3o with a lower end 3z for the discharge of drilling fluid. Stabilizer fins ~3 extending from body 24 engage the inner periphery of inner casing WO 9SI034T3 216 7 9 4 '~
string 10 for centering tool 22. Longitudinally extending slots 34 are circumferentially spaced abQUt the periphery ef tubular cutter ?aady 24 adjacent reduced diameter bore portion 30 and receive elongate nutter bla3es 36 of a generally rectangular configuration. Each elongate cutter blade 36 has an upper end portion 37 pivotally mounted by a pin 38 to cutter body 2~# and a lower dowi~ward extending end portion 40. Blades 3& are free for pivotfng between a retracted position shown in broken lines in Figure 2 for lA lowering within casing 10 and a radially expanded or extended position as shown in Figures 3 and 4 in which lower end portions ~0 of blades 3s are.sWUng or moved radially outwardly first into cutting Contact with th,e inner periphery of inner casing lD as shown in Figure 2 far cutting through the wall of inner casing 10, and then further extended or expanded radially into cutting contact ~ with the inner periphery of outer casing 11 as shown in Figure 3 for cutting through the wall of outer casing 11.
Cutting tool 22 is particularly adapted for cutting through both inner casing 10 and outer aasi,ng 1.1 arid then removing a predetermined length of caainc~s 10, 11 in a simultaneous downward cutting action. The cutting operation is normally accomplished in a single trip withi~x the well by directing drilling fluid under pressure Pram the surface thrt~ugh drill string 14 and by rotating drill string 14 and cutting tool 22 with blad~as 36 pivoted into a radially expanded laosition into cutting contact with the periphery of the casing to be cut. The pivotal ovn~sections 38 between blades 36 and cutter body 24 are designed so that the connections are 3o sufficient to tzansmit the torque required to accomplish the cutting of casing strings 10, 1.1.
For moving lower end portions 4U of cutter blades 3G
radially out-~tardly into expanded cutting engagement with the adjacent casfng, the afoxementianed fluid pressure responsive means includes a piston 46 having a reduced diameter bore ~7 and mounted within cutter body 24, Spring 48 urges piston 45 upwardly. A flow restriction 49 has~a reduced diameter bare 50 and a plurality of spaced parts or W~ 95J03ff3 PCfIU594IOb880 _~_ 2167947 orifices 5x. When a predetermined fluid pressure riiffexential is reached, piston 46 moves downwardly contacting end portions 37 to pivot cutter arms 36 radfaliy outwardly i.nta cutting engagexaent with casinge~ lb and 11.
When cuttex 8,rms 36 are pivoted outwardly into contact with casing 1,0 or 11, a decreased fluid pressure differential is indicated at the surface so that an operator is aware that cutter arms 35 are in expanded cutting engagement t~tith the inner periphery of the casing to be cut.
Each blade as shown particularly in Figures 5 and 6 has a main body portion 54 with cutaway sections defining a leading recessed portion 56 and a trailing recessed portit~r~
58 with respect to the direction of rotation. Each recessed portion 56, 58 extend$ oontirauously along three sides ref blade 36 to define relative to the fully expanded cutting po~Sition of blade 3f> an upper side 6b, a lower side 62, and an outer extending side or end 64 extending between and connecting upper and lower sides 60, ba.
;3i Sidag 60, 62 arid connecting e.nd 64 form a planar mounting surface for a plurality of cutting elements or inserts irsdicated at~66. rA single row of cutting elements 66 is mounted on sides 60, 62 and a single row or column of cutting elements 65 is mounted an extending end 64. Cutting elements 66 are preferably foxzued of tut~gsten carbide and have leading cutting faces 68 _ and opposed paxa17.e1 rear faces 7Q. Rear planar faees.7b may be secured by suitable brazing or the like to the planar mounting surfaces defining sides 60; 62, and 64. The outer periphery of cutting face s8 defines a cutting edge 72. ~1 cutting element 66 which has been found to function in a satisfactory manner is a generally cylindrical tungsten carbide disc having a thicltness of three-sixtBariths (3/16) irtah, a dia~awCex of three-Bights (3/8) inch, and sold under the name "Sandvik 56~~ by the sandvik Company, located in Iiouston, Texas. ~ I, The embodiment shown in Figures 1-6 includes only a single row of cutting elements 66 on the leading and trailing lower sides 62 of blade 36. since the lower sides 52 of blade 36 are utilized exclusively during the cutting ___ _. _- - _ _ ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ 4 ,~ ~T,~S~4~oo~0 operation for removing a section of Casing aftex the wall of the casing has been out, the cutting elements on the lower side of the bade are subject to more wear and a longer cutting operation. Fvr that reason it may be desirable to provide more than one row of cutting eleTaents c~r~ the lowex side of the blade.
The blade embodiment shown in Figures 7 and ,8 has two rows of cutting elements shawrt generally at 74A and 75A on blade 36A. cutting elements 66A are mounted on three sides 14 6oA, 62A, and 64A of blade 36A as in the embodiment of Figures 1~6. Cutting elements 66A in lower rows 74A arid 76A
of blade 3GA are axially aligned and folla~t the same cutting path in 'the fully extended cutting position of Figure 4.
It may be desirable for the cutting elements in the lower leading amd. trailing rows to be staggered horizontally tahen in the cutting position of Figure 4 so that different -,concentric cutting paths along the upper annular ends of the casing strings are provided by the corresponding trailing and leading rows. For that purpose, a further blade c~;=;~~ -emboaiment is shaven in Figure ~ in a partial bottom plan View of blade 35~t. Blade 36B has a lower leading xow 7e~8 of cutting elements 66H in recessed portion 56B arid. a lower trailing row 748 of cutting elements 66H in recessed portion 588. Cutting elements 66B in trailing row 748 are staggered horizontally with res~peat to cutting elements ~G~ in leading row 748 in the full extended cutting position and thus fallow different concentric cutting paths. In some instances, it may be desirable to stagger the cutting elements on .adjacent blades so that diffexent concentric 3~ cutting paths are provided by the corresponding cutting elements on adjacent blades.
The cutting elea~errts ss shown in the embodiment of Figures 1--6 have leading cutting faces 68 forming a planar - - cutting surface extending in a generally vertical plane parallel to the longitudinal axis of rotation. It may be ', desirable ur~der Certain conditions to have the front face and peripheral gutting edge of each cutting element arranged and constructed in such a manner as to efgect a ~~chip 216'~~4'~
,o breaker" action to provide a metal turning or shaving from the upper annular end of the casing in a predetermined size range in order to minimize any internesting of metal turnings cut form the casing. For that purpose, a modified blade 35C is shown partially in the embodiment of Figure to having a leading mounting surface or side at szC. Far the purpose of illustration, only one cutting element 66C is illustrated as it is understood that the remaining cutting elements are similar to cutting element 66C. A recess 76 is 1o provided in leading surface yr face 62C of blade 36C to form a mounting surface for rear face 70C of cutting elements 66~
' inclined at a negative rake angle A of around fifteen degrees for example. Since cutting face 68C is parallel to rear mounting face 70C, cutting face 68C is likewise provided with the negative rake arigle of around fifteen degrees. A negative rake angle of between around two .degrees and twenty-five degrees would provide a so-Called "chip breaker" effect. The upper annular end E of a casing C is shown in Figure 10 and a metal turning T is shown being ~o cut from end E by putting element 66G. Front face 68C has i an annular groove ~ar deformation 78C therein adjacent cutting edge 7ZC and receives metal turning T for bending turning T in an outward and downward direction to egfect a bxeaking of turning T. Thus, the length of turning T is 5 minimized by the neqat~.ve axial _rake angle A and deformation 78C in the front cutting faoe 68C of cutting element bbC.
~heri the cutting operation is commenced with an unused or new carbide disc, sharp edge 7~C initially oontacts the inner periphery of the casing to be cut. zt is desirable to 30 obtain a rQlatively short metal turning T which does not tend to intertwine with other metal turnings yr shavings and pxovide arr interesting mass which might restrict the removal of such metal scrap. The inclination of cutting Iace 68c fn contact with the metal turnings T, particularly if formed 35 with a deforraatian 78C therein, assists in the breaking of metal turnings T at a relatively short length of between one to foux inches, for example, and since a substantial WO !5!03473 PCTli1S941008B0 ' ~~ ' 21.6947 thickness of turnings T is provided, the curling or turning up of the ends of they turnings T is reatxicted.
Figure il shows another alternative embodiment of a blade 36D, in accordance With the present invention, shown as it would extend horizontally in a cutting position.
cutting element 6bD, which covers the entire cutting face of blade ~36D, has a leading surface 68D which comes into contact with the casing to be cut, as the tool is rotated.
1o Leading surface 68D has surface irregularities in the form of straight linear surface ridges 78D, arranged horizontally. The function of breaking the chips at a short length, performed by ridgas 78D, could also be performed by linear surface depressions, rather than ridges, and the linear eu~rfaGe irregularities could be arranged vertically or at scoffs other angle, rather than hori2oritally, depending upon, the desired application. As explained earlier, the . chip breaking feature prevents the formation of long chips or turnings, which would be difficult to remove from the ~s'~~' , well.
l~lso shown formed on leading surface 68D are grooves 8pp which are stress relievers, functioning to prevent the propagation of a crank completely across the cutting element 36D. As provioualy explained, cutting element 36D is a5 preferably made from a very harsh material, such as tungsten carbide, which is 2ikely to be very brittle. When suoh a material is used to make relatively large cutting elements such.as 36D, downhole stresses can Cause the formation of a crack in the cutting element 36D. Grooves Bob will prevent 3a any such cracks from propagating $cross the element and causing a major port~.on of cutting element 36D to break loose. Grooves 80D aro shown as linear grooves vertioally arranged, but they could take other shapes and orientations.
Figure 1~ shows still another alternative embodiment of 3~ a blade 3BE, ire aaCQrdance with the present inventioi~.
Cutting element 66E, which covers the entire cutting face of blade 36E, has a leading surface 68E which comes into contact with the casing to be~cut, as the tool is rotated.
WO 95l03f73 PCTl~S94100880 ~16'~947.
Leading surface CBE has surface irregularities in the form of circular surface ridges ?8E, arrang6d iri horizontal raves and vertical columns. The function 4f breaking the chips at a short length, performed by ridges ?8E, could also be performed by oircular surface depressions, rather than ridges, and the surface irregularities could be arranged in some other pattern, rather than in rows and columns, depending upon the desired application.
Also shown farmed on leading surface 68E are grooves 80E which ate stress relievers, ss previously explained.
Grooves 80E are shown as linear grooves in a vertical and horizontal crossing pattern, but they cauld take other shapes and orientations.
Figure 13 shows yet another alternative embodiment of I5 a blade 36F, in accordance with the present invention. A
plurality of cutting elements 66F, each of which extends the , ful7. horizontal width of the cutting fees of blade 36F
are ~
, aarxanged in a vertical column on the leading face of blade 36f. 8aah cutting element 66F has a leading surface 68F
which comes into Gontaot w~.th the casing to be cut, as the tool is rotated. - Leading surface 68F has surface irregularities in the form of circular surface ridges 78F, arranged in horizontal rows. The function of breaking the chips at a short length, performed by ridges ?8F, could also Z5 be performed by circular surfaoe depressions, rather than ridges, a~ld the surface irregularities conld be arranged iri some other pattern, rather than in horizontal rows, depending upon the desired application. As an example, the . su.rfacg irregularity on each Gutting element f 6F.cauld be a j 3o single horizontal linear ridge or depression, or there Goul.d be a vertical column of horizontal l.in~$r ridges or depressions on each element 66F.
As discussed above, depending upon the size of cutting element 66F, leading surface 68F could have grooves for .
35 stress relievers.
While inner and outer casings to and 11 are shown in the drawings as being in an exact concentric relation, it is !
to be understood that the present invention will function in WO 951Q3473 - _ 216 7 9 4 7 ~ ~T~'~"°~°
13~
" a.satisfactery mannex with the inner and outer casings in an eccentric relatia~. Similarly, the embodiments of the inventipn shown in Figures 11 through ~.3 are shnwn as blades fox a section milling tool, constructed to pivot outwardly into a cutting position, but the invention embodied in these . blades could just as easily be practiced in stationary blades for $ pilot mill or some other type of dawnhole milling' tool. .
While the particular bownhole Milling Tocl as herein shown and disclosed iri detail ,is fully capable of obtaining the objects and providing the advantages herein before stated, it is to be understood that it is merely fllustrative of the present7.y preferred embodiments of the invention and that no limitations are intended tc~ the details of construction or design herein shown other than as described in the appended clai~as. .
FIEF O~ THE INVEN'~,'~ON
This invention relates generally to a cutting ox milling tool and method for cutting or mi.liing fixed easing strings downhole, and more particularly to such a cutting tool ahd method having cutting blades extending radially outwardly, from the cutting tool for cutting the casing z0 strings.
~,ACICGROUNU OF ~iE INVENT=ON
Heretofore, such as shown in U.S. patent No. 4,8887,688 dated peceiab~r 19, 1989, Cutting tools for Cuttixrg well z5 Caaing ar casing strings have been provided utilizing swinging blades for first cutting the inner periphery of a string of well casing and then cutting a aectiori of the cut casing string from its arm.ular cut end ,for removing a desired length or longitudinal section of casing as might be 30 reguired for removing a damaged section or to provide a window fat- diagonal drilling, for example. As shown in the aforementioned patent, swinging blades have had separate cutting inserts or discs mounted on their outer ends and upper sides for cutting a single string of casing.
21 s 7 9 ~ 7 ~,~s94,~ga NQ~ally, and especially for wells of a substantial depth, casing strings of different diameters are utilized with the lowenaost casing string being of the widest diameter. For exaraple an outer lotaer caning of around 13-3/8 inches in diameter with an inner ugper casing of around 9-5/8 inches in diameter may be'utilized with overlapping end portions providing an annulus filled with concrete for securing the two casing strings together in a sealed relation. Thus, in the event the removed casing sections include a so-Galled cemented joint, it is necessary to remove two separate casing strings at the joint as well as concrete in the annulus between the, strings.
In the event the inner casing is removed first in one cutting operation, and then the cuter casing is removed in a separate cutting operation, a different blade or tool is utilized which requires a tripping or removal of the tool from the bore hole. rf the same cutting tool is used far bath cutting operations, it is difficult to stabilize the Cutting tool during putting of the.outer string, as the tool ~o body which fits within the inner casing is spayed laterally a substantial distance from the inner periphmry of the outer casing. While special blades, utilizing a tang or projecting lug on the lower end of each blade for riding along the inner periphery of the outer casing, may be used ~5 for stabilization of the tool during the cutting operation, such an arrangement requires removal of the cutting tool from the bore hole after cutting of the inner casing for attachment of the special blades and subsequent running in of the teal. such a "tripping" of the cutting Coal is 30 costly and time consuming.
U.&. Patent Nv. 3,331,43 shows a cutting tool for cutting multiple casing strir~gs simultaneousrly i,rithout having to remove the cutting tool from the well riare and with the cutting tool centered by the small diameter casing 35 being cut_ However, this cutting tool removes a section or length of casing by engaging and cutting the lower annular cut end of the casing and the. putting surface of the blade is along its upper side only.
WO 95lQ3473 ' ~ ~ ~ PCTIUS94!00880 For cutting multiple casing strings simultaneously, the cutting blades must first eut through the walls of the multiple casing strings in series, and then a sentian ar length of the multiple casing stx~.ngs is cut away simultaneously, Thus, as. shown in U.S. patent No.
3,331,439, the cutting surface on the extending end of the pivoted blade has been utilixed for cutting through the casing walls in series a.nd then the cutting surface along the upper side of the blade has been utilized far cutting away the lower annular out ends of multiple casing strings simultaneously during upward movement of the cutting tool.
The present invention is directed to a tool for cutting 1S yr milling fixed casing stririgr downhole, and , in one embodiment, to such a cutting tool for cutting multiple casing strings simultaneously with the same blades and without any trips in and out of the well being required for changing to different type blades or tools. The cutting ~0 tool has a plurality of radially extending blades, with each blade having at least one cutting element an its leading face when the tool is rotated about its axis in a cutting action. rn one embodiment, the blades swing out to a radially extended position. upon rotation of the cutting 2s tool and initiation of the cutting action, the cutting element surface adjacent to the career of each blade between the outer end and upper side thereof first engages the inner periphery of the inner casing for cutting through the wail of the inner casing. After cutting through the wall of the 30 inner casing, the blades can expand further autorardly and the surface of the cutting element near the lower side of tt~e blade then engages the upper aruzular cut end of the inner casing in cutting relation for removal of the inner casing. At the same time, the cutting element surface 35 adjacent the corners of the blades at the ends and top sides of the blades simultaneously engages the inner periphery of the outer casing for cutting through the wall~of the outer casi,.ng. Upon cutting through the wall of the outer casing, the elongate blades further expand radially to a generally horizontal position with the cutting element surface near the lower side of the blade then engaging simultaneously in cutting relation the upper annular ends of both the inner casing and the outer casing for removal of a predetermined length thereof. The cutting tool is centralized or stabilized within the inner casing by stabilizer fins extending laterally outwardly from the tool body to a position adjacent the inner periphery of the inner casing for maintaining the cutting tool in a centered position during the cutting operation.
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention there is provided a cutting tool adapted to be positioned downhole in a well bore for removing material from the well bore, said tool comprising:
a tool body adapted to be received within the well bore and to be supported at its upper end for rotation about its longitudinal axis; and a plurality of blades arranged at spaced intervals around said tool body, each said blade having a leading surface and each said leading surface having a plurality of chip breaking surface irregularities formed thereon, each said leading surface of each said blade having a single cutting element which substantially covers said entire blade.
The novel features of this invention, as well as the invention itself, both as to its structure and its operation, will be best understood from the accompanying drawings, taken in conjunction with the accompanying description, in which similar reference characters refer to similar parts, and in which:
- 4a -BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Embodiments of the present invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figures 1A and 1B are examples of prior art cutting tools for cutting a well joint having inner and outer concentric casings in which a separate cutting operation is provided for each casing string upon a downward movement of the cutting tool;
Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view, partly in elevation, showing a cutting tool positioned within an inner wo ~$~~4~ ~ 1 ~ '7 ~ 4 7 PCTlU594I00880 casing surrounded by' an outer Co~tCentriG casing With the cutting blades engaging the inner periphery of the inner casing:
Figure 3 is a longitudinal sectional view similar to Figure 2 but showing the ends of tha blades engaging the inner periphery of the outer casing with the lower sides of the blades simultaneously engaging the inner casing in a cutting action:
Figure ~ is a longitudinal sectional view similar to to Figures 2 and 3 but showing the blades in full expanded position engaging the upper annular cut ends of both inner and outer casings in cutting relation for removal of a predetermined length or section of the casings;
Figure 5 is a perspective of the blade removed frarn the Gutting tool shown in figures 2-4 and shoGting a plurality of individual cutting elements along the periphery of the blade;
Figure 6 is a section taken generally along line 5~~ of Figure 5;
2o Figure ~ is a front elevation of another embodiment of a blade in which two rows of cutting elements are provided an the fewer side of the blade;
Figure s is a section taken along line e-8 of Figure 7;
Figure 9 is a~ bottom plan of an extending end portion of a modified blade in which the ,cutting .elements on the leading and trailing rows are staggered horizontally to provide different concentric cutting paths: _ Figure 10 is a partial sectional view of a further mod~.fied blade i.n which the cutting elements have a negative axial rake and the front face of a cutting element is shown engaging the upper annular end of a casing in cutting relation:
Figure I1 is an elevation view of one embodiment of the blade of the present invention, with linear surface irregularities for chip breakers;
Figure 12 is an elevation view of an alternative erabodiment of the blade of the present invention, with circular surface irregularities for~chip breakers: and wo ~~o~~~ ~ ~ ~ '~ ~ 4 ~ rcTrfrs~a~oosso - s figure 13 is an elevation view of another alternative embodiment of the blade of the present invention, with a plurality of cutting elements arranged in a column, each having circular surface irregularities for chip breakers.
b~S IPTION OF $ FERRED EMBO IM NTS
Referring first to Figures lA and is, examples of prior art cutting tools for cutting concentric casing strings upon downward movement era illustrated. Figure lA shows cutting tool z with blades B cutting an inner casing IC and a stabiliser S for centering tool T withix~ inner casing IC
during the cutting operation. An annulus A between inner casing IC and outer casing OC is normally filled with concrete. ~°igure 1B shows blades B in cutting relation with cuter casing OC in a separate cutting operation after removal of a section of. inner casing IC. A tang or lug L on .~ blades H is provided to ride along outer casing OC to center or stabilize tool T within outer casing OC.
Referring now to the drawings for a better understanding of this invention, and more particularly to Figures 2-4, an inner casing or casing string far a well is shown at. to and an outer concentric casing or casing string is shown at 11. The annulus 12 between casings 10, 11 is usually filled with concrete (not Shawn), A drill string is indj.Cated generally at 14 having a central bore 16 to receive .drilling fluid through drill string 14 from a surface location. A lower threaded end 18 of drill string ht is received in threaded engagement within the upper end of a cutting tool generally indicated at 22.
Cutting tool 22 has a tubular cutter body z4 forming a central bore 26 which ri.ouses a fluid pressure responsive means which will be described later. the fluid pressure responsive means is responsive to flowing drilling~fluid from dxi.ii string 14 for hydraulic actuation as will be explained further. Cutting tool 22 has a lower reduced diameter bore portion 3o with a lower end 3z for the discharge of drilling fluid. Stabilizer fins ~3 extending from body 24 engage the inner periphery of inner casing WO 9SI034T3 216 7 9 4 '~
string 10 for centering tool 22. Longitudinally extending slots 34 are circumferentially spaced abQUt the periphery ef tubular cutter ?aady 24 adjacent reduced diameter bore portion 30 and receive elongate nutter bla3es 36 of a generally rectangular configuration. Each elongate cutter blade 36 has an upper end portion 37 pivotally mounted by a pin 38 to cutter body 2~# and a lower dowi~ward extending end portion 40. Blades 3& are free for pivotfng between a retracted position shown in broken lines in Figure 2 for lA lowering within casing 10 and a radially expanded or extended position as shown in Figures 3 and 4 in which lower end portions ~0 of blades 3s are.sWUng or moved radially outwardly first into cutting Contact with th,e inner periphery of inner casing lD as shown in Figure 2 far cutting through the wall of inner casing 10, and then further extended or expanded radially into cutting contact ~ with the inner periphery of outer casing 11 as shown in Figure 3 for cutting through the wall of outer casing 11.
Cutting tool 22 is particularly adapted for cutting through both inner casing 10 and outer aasi,ng 1.1 arid then removing a predetermined length of caainc~s 10, 11 in a simultaneous downward cutting action. The cutting operation is normally accomplished in a single trip withi~x the well by directing drilling fluid under pressure Pram the surface thrt~ugh drill string 14 and by rotating drill string 14 and cutting tool 22 with blad~as 36 pivoted into a radially expanded laosition into cutting contact with the periphery of the casing to be cut. The pivotal ovn~sections 38 between blades 36 and cutter body 24 are designed so that the connections are 3o sufficient to tzansmit the torque required to accomplish the cutting of casing strings 10, 1.1.
For moving lower end portions 4U of cutter blades 3G
radially out-~tardly into expanded cutting engagement with the adjacent casfng, the afoxementianed fluid pressure responsive means includes a piston 46 having a reduced diameter bore ~7 and mounted within cutter body 24, Spring 48 urges piston 45 upwardly. A flow restriction 49 has~a reduced diameter bare 50 and a plurality of spaced parts or W~ 95J03ff3 PCfIU594IOb880 _~_ 2167947 orifices 5x. When a predetermined fluid pressure riiffexential is reached, piston 46 moves downwardly contacting end portions 37 to pivot cutter arms 36 radfaliy outwardly i.nta cutting engagexaent with casinge~ lb and 11.
When cuttex 8,rms 36 are pivoted outwardly into contact with casing 1,0 or 11, a decreased fluid pressure differential is indicated at the surface so that an operator is aware that cutter arms 35 are in expanded cutting engagement t~tith the inner periphery of the casing to be cut.
Each blade as shown particularly in Figures 5 and 6 has a main body portion 54 with cutaway sections defining a leading recessed portion 56 and a trailing recessed portit~r~
58 with respect to the direction of rotation. Each recessed portion 56, 58 extend$ oontirauously along three sides ref blade 36 to define relative to the fully expanded cutting po~Sition of blade 3f> an upper side 6b, a lower side 62, and an outer extending side or end 64 extending between and connecting upper and lower sides 60, ba.
;3i Sidag 60, 62 arid connecting e.nd 64 form a planar mounting surface for a plurality of cutting elements or inserts irsdicated at~66. rA single row of cutting elements 66 is mounted on sides 60, 62 and a single row or column of cutting elements 65 is mounted an extending end 64. Cutting elements 66 are preferably foxzued of tut~gsten carbide and have leading cutting faces 68 _ and opposed paxa17.e1 rear faces 7Q. Rear planar faees.7b may be secured by suitable brazing or the like to the planar mounting surfaces defining sides 60; 62, and 64. The outer periphery of cutting face s8 defines a cutting edge 72. ~1 cutting element 66 which has been found to function in a satisfactory manner is a generally cylindrical tungsten carbide disc having a thicltness of three-sixtBariths (3/16) irtah, a dia~awCex of three-Bights (3/8) inch, and sold under the name "Sandvik 56~~ by the sandvik Company, located in Iiouston, Texas. ~ I, The embodiment shown in Figures 1-6 includes only a single row of cutting elements 66 on the leading and trailing lower sides 62 of blade 36. since the lower sides 52 of blade 36 are utilized exclusively during the cutting ___ _. _- - _ _ ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ 4 ,~ ~T,~S~4~oo~0 operation for removing a section of Casing aftex the wall of the casing has been out, the cutting elements on the lower side of the bade are subject to more wear and a longer cutting operation. Fvr that reason it may be desirable to provide more than one row of cutting eleTaents c~r~ the lowex side of the blade.
The blade embodiment shown in Figures 7 and ,8 has two rows of cutting elements shawrt generally at 74A and 75A on blade 36A. cutting elements 66A are mounted on three sides 14 6oA, 62A, and 64A of blade 36A as in the embodiment of Figures 1~6. Cutting elements 66A in lower rows 74A arid 76A
of blade 3GA are axially aligned and folla~t the same cutting path in 'the fully extended cutting position of Figure 4.
It may be desirable for the cutting elements in the lower leading amd. trailing rows to be staggered horizontally tahen in the cutting position of Figure 4 so that different -,concentric cutting paths along the upper annular ends of the casing strings are provided by the corresponding trailing and leading rows. For that purpose, a further blade c~;=;~~ -emboaiment is shaven in Figure ~ in a partial bottom plan View of blade 35~t. Blade 36B has a lower leading xow 7e~8 of cutting elements 66H in recessed portion 56B arid. a lower trailing row 748 of cutting elements 66H in recessed portion 588. Cutting elements 66B in trailing row 748 are staggered horizontally with res~peat to cutting elements ~G~ in leading row 748 in the full extended cutting position and thus fallow different concentric cutting paths. In some instances, it may be desirable to stagger the cutting elements on .adjacent blades so that diffexent concentric 3~ cutting paths are provided by the corresponding cutting elements on adjacent blades.
The cutting elea~errts ss shown in the embodiment of Figures 1--6 have leading cutting faces 68 forming a planar - - cutting surface extending in a generally vertical plane parallel to the longitudinal axis of rotation. It may be ', desirable ur~der Certain conditions to have the front face and peripheral gutting edge of each cutting element arranged and constructed in such a manner as to efgect a ~~chip 216'~~4'~
,o breaker" action to provide a metal turning or shaving from the upper annular end of the casing in a predetermined size range in order to minimize any internesting of metal turnings cut form the casing. For that purpose, a modified blade 35C is shown partially in the embodiment of Figure to having a leading mounting surface or side at szC. Far the purpose of illustration, only one cutting element 66C is illustrated as it is understood that the remaining cutting elements are similar to cutting element 66C. A recess 76 is 1o provided in leading surface yr face 62C of blade 36C to form a mounting surface for rear face 70C of cutting elements 66~
' inclined at a negative rake angle A of around fifteen degrees for example. Since cutting face 68C is parallel to rear mounting face 70C, cutting face 68C is likewise provided with the negative rake arigle of around fifteen degrees. A negative rake angle of between around two .degrees and twenty-five degrees would provide a so-Called "chip breaker" effect. The upper annular end E of a casing C is shown in Figure 10 and a metal turning T is shown being ~o cut from end E by putting element 66G. Front face 68C has i an annular groove ~ar deformation 78C therein adjacent cutting edge 7ZC and receives metal turning T for bending turning T in an outward and downward direction to egfect a bxeaking of turning T. Thus, the length of turning T is 5 minimized by the neqat~.ve axial _rake angle A and deformation 78C in the front cutting faoe 68C of cutting element bbC.
~heri the cutting operation is commenced with an unused or new carbide disc, sharp edge 7~C initially oontacts the inner periphery of the casing to be cut. zt is desirable to 30 obtain a rQlatively short metal turning T which does not tend to intertwine with other metal turnings yr shavings and pxovide arr interesting mass which might restrict the removal of such metal scrap. The inclination of cutting Iace 68c fn contact with the metal turnings T, particularly if formed 35 with a deforraatian 78C therein, assists in the breaking of metal turnings T at a relatively short length of between one to foux inches, for example, and since a substantial WO !5!03473 PCTli1S941008B0 ' ~~ ' 21.6947 thickness of turnings T is provided, the curling or turning up of the ends of they turnings T is reatxicted.
Figure il shows another alternative embodiment of a blade 36D, in accordance With the present invention, shown as it would extend horizontally in a cutting position.
cutting element 6bD, which covers the entire cutting face of blade ~36D, has a leading surface 68D which comes into contact with the casing to be cut, as the tool is rotated.
1o Leading surface 68D has surface irregularities in the form of straight linear surface ridges 78D, arranged horizontally. The function of breaking the chips at a short length, performed by ridgas 78D, could also be performed by linear surface depressions, rather than ridges, and the linear eu~rfaGe irregularities could be arranged vertically or at scoffs other angle, rather than hori2oritally, depending upon, the desired application. As explained earlier, the . chip breaking feature prevents the formation of long chips or turnings, which would be difficult to remove from the ~s'~~' , well.
l~lso shown formed on leading surface 68D are grooves 8pp which are stress relievers, functioning to prevent the propagation of a crank completely across the cutting element 36D. As provioualy explained, cutting element 36D is a5 preferably made from a very harsh material, such as tungsten carbide, which is 2ikely to be very brittle. When suoh a material is used to make relatively large cutting elements such.as 36D, downhole stresses can Cause the formation of a crack in the cutting element 36D. Grooves Bob will prevent 3a any such cracks from propagating $cross the element and causing a major port~.on of cutting element 36D to break loose. Grooves 80D aro shown as linear grooves vertioally arranged, but they could take other shapes and orientations.
Figure 1~ shows still another alternative embodiment of 3~ a blade 3BE, ire aaCQrdance with the present inventioi~.
Cutting element 66E, which covers the entire cutting face of blade 36E, has a leading surface 68E which comes into contact with the casing to be~cut, as the tool is rotated.
WO 95l03f73 PCTl~S94100880 ~16'~947.
Leading surface CBE has surface irregularities in the form of circular surface ridges ?8E, arrang6d iri horizontal raves and vertical columns. The function 4f breaking the chips at a short length, performed by ridges ?8E, could also be performed by oircular surface depressions, rather than ridges, and the surface irregularities could be arranged in some other pattern, rather than in rows and columns, depending upon the desired application.
Also shown farmed on leading surface 68E are grooves 80E which ate stress relievers, ss previously explained.
Grooves 80E are shown as linear grooves in a vertical and horizontal crossing pattern, but they cauld take other shapes and orientations.
Figure 13 shows yet another alternative embodiment of I5 a blade 36F, in accordance with the present invention. A
plurality of cutting elements 66F, each of which extends the , ful7. horizontal width of the cutting fees of blade 36F
are ~
, aarxanged in a vertical column on the leading face of blade 36f. 8aah cutting element 66F has a leading surface 68F
which comes into Gontaot w~.th the casing to be cut, as the tool is rotated. - Leading surface 68F has surface irregularities in the form of circular surface ridges 78F, arranged in horizontal rows. The function of breaking the chips at a short length, performed by ridges ?8F, could also Z5 be performed by circular surfaoe depressions, rather than ridges, a~ld the surface irregularities conld be arranged iri some other pattern, rather than in horizontal rows, depending upon the desired application. As an example, the . su.rfacg irregularity on each Gutting element f 6F.cauld be a j 3o single horizontal linear ridge or depression, or there Goul.d be a vertical column of horizontal l.in~$r ridges or depressions on each element 66F.
As discussed above, depending upon the size of cutting element 66F, leading surface 68F could have grooves for .
35 stress relievers.
While inner and outer casings to and 11 are shown in the drawings as being in an exact concentric relation, it is !
to be understood that the present invention will function in WO 951Q3473 - _ 216 7 9 4 7 ~ ~T~'~"°~°
13~
" a.satisfactery mannex with the inner and outer casings in an eccentric relatia~. Similarly, the embodiments of the inventipn shown in Figures 11 through ~.3 are shnwn as blades fox a section milling tool, constructed to pivot outwardly into a cutting position, but the invention embodied in these . blades could just as easily be practiced in stationary blades for $ pilot mill or some other type of dawnhole milling' tool. .
While the particular bownhole Milling Tocl as herein shown and disclosed iri detail ,is fully capable of obtaining the objects and providing the advantages herein before stated, it is to be understood that it is merely fllustrative of the present7.y preferred embodiments of the invention and that no limitations are intended tc~ the details of construction or design herein shown other than as described in the appended clai~as. .
Claims (5)
1. A cutting tool adapted to be positioned downhole in a well bore for removing material from the well bore, said tool comprising:
a tool body adapted to be received within the well bore and to be supported at its upper end for rotation about its longitudinal axis; and a plurality of blades arranged at spaced intervals around said tool body, each said blade having a leading surface and each said leading surface having a plurality of chip breaking surface irregularities formed thereon, each said leading surface of each said blade having a single cutting element which substantially covers said entire blade.
a tool body adapted to be received within the well bore and to be supported at its upper end for rotation about its longitudinal axis; and a plurality of blades arranged at spaced intervals around said tool body, each said blade having a leading surface and each said leading surface having a plurality of chip breaking surface irregularities formed thereon, each said leading surface of each said blade having a single cutting element which substantially covers said entire blade.
2. A cutting tool as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a plurality of grooves formed into said leading surface of each said cutting element, dividing each said cutting element into smaller segments, each said groove being configured to prevent propagation of a crack across said groove.
3. A cutting tool as claimed in claim 2, wherein each said surface irregularity comprises a projection formed on each said leading surface.
4. A cutting tool as claimed in claim 2, wherein each said surface irregularity comprises a depression formed in each said leading surface.
5. A cutting tool as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein said surface irregularities are arranged in a uniform pattern of rows and columns on each said leading surface.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/096,010 US5373900A (en) | 1988-04-15 | 1993-07-22 | Downhole milling tool |
US08/096,010 | 1993-07-22 | ||
PCT/US1994/000880 WO1995003473A1 (en) | 1993-07-22 | 1994-01-21 | Downhole milling tool |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CA2167947A1 CA2167947A1 (en) | 1995-02-02 |
CA2167947C true CA2167947C (en) | 2004-10-05 |
Family
ID=22254658
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA002167947A Expired - Lifetime CA2167947C (en) | 1993-07-22 | 1994-01-21 | Downhole milling tool |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (4) | US5373900A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0708873A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU7333394A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2167947C (en) |
WO (2) | WO1995003473A1 (en) |
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-
1993
- 1993-07-22 US US08/096,010 patent/US5373900A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1994
- 1994-01-21 CA CA002167947A patent/CA2167947C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-01-21 WO PCT/US1994/000880 patent/WO1995003473A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-01-21 EP EP94907883A patent/EP0708873A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1994-07-14 AU AU73333/94A patent/AU7333394A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1994-07-14 WO PCT/US1994/007911 patent/WO1995003474A1/en unknown
- 1994-10-17 US US08/323,815 patent/US5456312A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1995
- 1995-10-10 US US08/541,551 patent/US5810079A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1997
- 1997-10-28 US US08/958,829 patent/US5899268A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US5373900A (en) | 1994-12-20 |
US5810079A (en) | 1998-09-22 |
EP0708873A1 (en) | 1996-05-01 |
WO1995003473A1 (en) | 1995-02-02 |
US5899268A (en) | 1999-05-04 |
US5456312A (en) | 1995-10-10 |
CA2167947A1 (en) | 1995-02-02 |
AU7333394A (en) | 1995-02-20 |
WO1995003474A1 (en) | 1995-02-02 |
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Legal Events
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EEER | Examination request | ||
MKEX | Expiry |
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