CA2164071C - Optical communication system - Google Patents
Optical communication system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2164071C CA2164071C CA002164071A CA2164071A CA2164071C CA 2164071 C CA2164071 C CA 2164071C CA 002164071 A CA002164071 A CA 002164071A CA 2164071 A CA2164071 A CA 2164071A CA 2164071 C CA2164071 C CA 2164071C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- axle housing
- swinging
- vehicle
- steering
- steering wheel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
- H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
- H04J14/0221—Power control, e.g. to keep the total optical power constant
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/03—Arrangements for fault recovery
- H04B10/032—Arrangements for fault recovery using working and protection systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
- H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
- H04J14/0278—WDM optical network architectures
- H04J14/0283—WDM ring architectures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
- H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
- H04J14/0287—Protection in WDM systems
- H04J14/0289—Optical multiplex section protection
- H04J14/0291—Shared protection at the optical multiplex section (1:1, n:m)
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
- H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
- H04J14/0287—Protection in WDM systems
- H04J14/0293—Optical channel protection
- H04J14/0295—Shared protection at the optical channel (1:1, n:m)
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
- H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
- H04J14/0287—Protection in WDM systems
- H04J14/0297—Optical equipment protection
Abstract
A discontinuous ring is formed by separate bidirectional optical communication links, with possibly different transmission speeds, synchronous or asynchronous transmission, and ratios of working to protection channels, each linking a pair of terminals in different nodes of a communication system. To protect protection-switched traffic on a communication link from a link failure, it is routed around the ring via the protection channel of the other communication links. To this end, an optical switch is provided between the protection channel of each link and the associated terminals in each node, and is controlled differently in nodes adjacent the link failure and in nodes not adjacent the link failure to route the protection-switched traffic accordingly. Rapid protection switching is facilitated by controlling the optical switches using wavelength detectors directionally coupled to the protection channel at each node.
Description
216~1~3 1. Field of the Invention 6 The present invention relates to a steering system 7 and method of a working vehicle and specifically to a steer-8 ing system and method of a working vehicle used for lawn 9 mowing, agricultural works, construction works and the like.
2. Prior Arts 11 Generally, it is desirable that a turning radius 12 of a working vehicle is as small as possible from the view-13 point of the working efficiency and handlingability. There 14 are so many techniques for reducing the turning radius of vehicles used for miscellaneous indoor or outdoor works.
16 Among them, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Toku-Kai-17 Sho 59-61.70 discloses a steering linkage mechanism by which 18 when a steering wheel is turned, an axle housing is swung in 19 the steering direction and at the same time each wheel pro-vided at the both ends of the axle housing is pivotably 21 turned for steering.
22 Further, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application 23 Toku-Kai-Sho 63-203473 discloses a steering mechanism in 24 which, when a steering wheel is turned, an axle housing is swung in the steering direction so as to increase the steer-26 ing.angle of wheels after front wheels are turned at a speci-1 fied angle.
2 Further, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application 3 Toku-Kai-Sho 61-18567 proposes a mechanism in which, when a 4 steering wheel is turned, front wheels are turned and at the S same time a vehicle body is folded at the middle portion 6 thereof so as to increase the steering angle of the front 7 wheels.
8 Furthermore, Japanese Unexamined Patent Applica 9 tion Toku-Kai-Hei 1-108909 presents a steering control mecha nism, or a so-called "fourwheel steering mechanism" in which 11 both front and rear wheels are pivotably turned in the ad 12 verse direction to each other so as to reduce a turning 13 radius of the vehicle.
14 In recent years, autonomous running type lawn mowing vehicles which can mow the lawn of golf courses un-16 mannedly have been proposed. These vehicles are required to 17 mow the lawn i n such a way that the goi ng pass and the 18 returning pass come alternately with an exactly equal inter-19 val and that no uncut lawn is left. Further, since they must run about.in a vast area, quick directional turnings are re 21 quired. Further, when those vehicles make U-turns, they are 22 requi red to be operated so as not to damage the lawn by 23 turning wheels.
24 However, in the steering mechanisms according to Toku-Kai-Sho 59-6170, Toku-Kai-Sho 63-203473 and Toku-Kai-Sho 26 61-18567. when the axle housing is swung in the horizontal ._ 216~~ ~3 1 plane with the front wheels held at an angle, the front 2 wheels give a damage to the lawn due to the side slip. Fur-3 then, since first the front wheels are pivotably turned and 4 then the axle housing is swung in the horizontal plane, it is S difficult to make a quick turn on the lawn. Furthermore, the 6 fourwheel steering mechanism according to Toku-Kai-Hei 1-7 108909 contains defects that it needs a sophisticated tech-8 nology and its manufacturing cost is high. Further, the 9 weight of the vehicle is so heavy that the high ground pres-sure gives a damage to the lawn.
13 Accordingly, the present invention is intended to 14 obviate the abovementioned problems and disadvantages of the prior arts and the objects of the present invention will be 16 summarized as follows.
17 An object of the present invention is to provide a 18 steering system of a working vehicle capable of making a turn 19 with a minimal turning radius and of quickly moving to the next pass.
21 Another object of the present invention is to 22 provide a steering system of a working vehicle capable of 23 entering the next pass with a high precision.
24 Further object of the present invention is to provide a steering system of a working vehicle capable of 26 making a U-turn without damaging the lawn.
~16~~~3 1 Still further object of the present invention is 2 to provide a steering system having a simple construction and 3 a right weight.
4 To achieve these objects mentioned above. the S steering system according to the present invention comprises:
6 means for swinging an axle housing in a hori2ontal 7 plane about an axis provided in a vehicle at a specified 8 swinging angle and for fixing the axle housing at the swing-9 ing angle while a steering wheel rotatably connected with a king pin provided in the axle housing is fixed at a neutral 11 position;
12 means for rotating said the wheel about the king 13 pin at a specified steering angle according to an Ackermann's 14 steering condition and for fixing the steering wheel at the specified steering angle while the axle housing is fixed at 16 the specified swinging angle;
17 means for rotating the steering wheel according to 18 the Ackermann's steering condition from the specified steer-19 ing angle back to a neutral position and fixing the steering wheel at the neutral position;
21 means for swinging the axle housing from the 22 specified swinging angle to a position where the axle housing 23 and a lengthwise center line of the vehicle meet orthogonally 24 and for fixing the axle housing at the position; and means for rotating the steering wheel about the 26 king pin .discretionally while the axle housing is fixed at . 21~~~ ~3 1 the position.
4 A specific embodiment of the present invention S will be described with reference to the accompanying draw-6 ings, in which:
7 Fig. 1 is a side view showing a chassis construc-8 tion of a working vehicle equipped with a steering system 9 according to the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a rear view showing a rear axle housing 11 according to the present invention;
12 Fig. 3 is a plan view showing a rear axle housing 13 according to the present invention;
14 Fig. 4 is a side view showing a rear axle housing according to the present invention;
16 Fig. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a 17 hydraulic cylinder for swinging a rear axle housing according 18 to the present invention;
19 Fig. 6 is a diagram showing a hydraulic circuit for controlling a rear wheel steering cylinder and a rear 21 axle housing swinging cylinder;
22 Fig. 7 is a block diagram showing a steering 23 control according to the present invention;
24 Fig. 8 is a flowchart of a steering control when a vehicle makes a U-turn;
26 Fig. 9 and Fig. 10 are flowcharts of a steering S
215~~~.~3 1 control right;
when a vehicle makes a U-turn to the 2 Fi g. 11 i s a plan vi ew showi ng a state of a rear 3 axle housing swung to the left at a speci fied angle with 4 rear steering wheels fixed at a neutral position;
S Fi g. 12 i s a plan vi ew showi ng a state of a rear 6 axle housing swung to the left at a specifiedangle with rear 7 steering the same direc-wheels rotated about a king pin in 8 tion as the rear axle housing at a specified angle.
9 Fig. 13 is a plan view showing a working vehicle when making a U-turn with a minimal turning adius in a state r 11 of a rear axle housing swung to the left at specified angle a 12 with rear steering wheels rotated about a king pin in the 13 same direction as the rear axle housing at specified angle;
a 14 and Fig. 14 is a flowchart of an operation of hydrau-16 lic control valves when the steering is returned to the 17 neutral position.
Referring now to Fig. 1. numeral 1 denotes an 21 autonomous running type lawn mowing vehicle which can mow the 22 lawn in a golf course unmannedly and autonomously according 23 to a navigation method comprising a position recognition 24 using a GPS <Global Positioning System) navigation method, an earth magnetism sensor, an encoder for detecting the wheel 26 speed or the like, a trace running using a boundary detecting 21~ ~~~3 1 sensor for detecting a boundary between the mowed and unmowed 2 areas, and a course selection according to a running program.
A driving force generated in an engine 3 which is 4 installed at the rear of a chassis frame 2 is transferred to a HST (Hydraulic Static Transmission) type transmission 5 6 through a~propeller shaft 4. The driving force subjected to a 7 speed change i n the transmi ssi on 5 i s transmi tted to a di f-8 ferential gear provided in a front axle housing 6 to drive 9 left and right front wheels 7. On the other hand, a driving force picked up from a gear box 8 provided in the front axle 11 housing 6 is transmitted to a differential gear provided in a 12 rear axle housing 10 through a propeller shaft 9 to drive 13 left and right rear wheels 11. That is to say, the vehicle 1 14 is a fourwheel drive type working vehicle driven by both the pairs of front wheels 7 and rear wheels 11 Csince in this 15 embodiment rear wheels are rotatable for steering the vehi-17 cle, referred to as "steering wheels" hereinafter). Further, 18 in this working vehicle 1 a lawn mowing machine 12 is sus-19 pended from a suspension mechanism (not shown) provided at the front of the chassis frame 2.
21 ' Referring to Fig. 2, a pair of bevel knuckles, a 22 left one 14L and a right one 14R are pivotably connected 23 about a king pin 13 with a left and right end of the rear 24 axle housing 10. The left and right rear wheels 11L and 11R
are respectively connected with left and right hubs 15 driven 26 by a gear mechanism built in the bevel knuckles 14L and 14R.
21~~I~3 1 Further, as shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, the rear axle housing 2 10 is connected at the lower portion thereof with a lower 3 plate 17 and a control plate 19 is connected with the lower 4 plate 17 swingably about a pivot 18 in the transversal direction of the vehicle on the horizontal plane. Further, a 6 pair of left and right tie-rods 20 are connected at one end 7 thereof with the front end of the control plate 19 and con-8 netted at the other end thereof with the left and right bevel 9 knuckles ~4L and 14R respectively. Generally, this mechanism is called "Ackermann steering mechanism".
11 Further, the rear axle housing 10 is connected at 12 the upper portion thereof with an upper plate 21 and an arm 13 22 is fixed to the upper portion of the right bevel knuckle 14 14R. Between the upper plate 21 and the arm 22 there is prov ided a hydraulic cylinder 23 for steering the rear steer-16 ing wheels. Thus, when the hydraulic cylinder 23 is expanded, 17 the rear right steering wheel 11R is turned around the king 18 pin 13 to the right and at the same time the rear left steer-19 ing wheel 11L is turned around the king pin 13 to the right with respect to the rear axle housing 10 by means of the 21 abov e Ackermann steering mechanism. On the contrary, when the 22 hydr aulic cylinder 23 is contracted, the rear steering wheels 23 11R and 11L are turned to the left with respect to the rear 24 axle hous-ing 10. Since this working vehicle 1 introduces a rear wheel steering method, when the rear steering wheels 11 26 are~ steered to the right, the working vehicle 1 is turned to 1 the left and when the rear steering wheels 11 are steered to 2 the left. the working vehicle 11 is turned to the right.
3 Further, as shown in Fig. 3. a steering angle 4 sensor 25 is disposed at the left end of the rear axle hous-ing 10. The steering angle sensor 25 is operated by a rod 28 6 connecting a lever 26 fixed to the steering angle sensor 25 7 and a lever 27 fixed to the left bevel knuckle 14L. The 8 purpose of the steering angle sensor 25 is to detect a rela-9 tive steering angle of the rear left steering wheel 11L with respect to the rear axle housing 10. i.e.. an inclination 11 angle formed by an axle line RC of the rear axle housing 10 12 and a wheel axle line WL of the rear left steering wheel 11L.
13 Further, as shown in Fig. 4. the rear axle housing 14 10 is pivotably connected at the upper portion thereof with a rear cross member 31 fixed to the rear part of the chassis 16 frame 2 through an upper ball-and-socket joint 32. On the 17 other hand, the chassis frame 2 is connected at the rear end 18 thereof with a trailing rod 34 extended in the obliquely 19 forward and downward direction through a pair of rubber bushings 35 and the trailing rod 34 is connected at the other 21 end thereof with the lower plate 17 through a lower 22 ball-and-socket joint 36 whose ball-with stud is bolted on 23 the lower surface of the rear axle housing 10. Since the 24 upper ball-and-socket joint 32 and the lower ball-and-socket joint 36 share a common axis extended vertically, the rear 26 axle housing 10 swings on the horizontal plane or yaws about 2I~~1~3 1 the common axis, that is. a yawing axis 37 in the steering 2 Cyawing) direction. Further, since the rear axle housing 10 3 is pivotably connected with the chassis frame 2 through the 4 ball-and-socket joint 32. the rear axle housing 10 can make rolling motions around the ball-and-socket joint 32 so as to b be able to follow up the running on uneven roads. When the 7 rear axle housing 10 makes rolling motions, the end of the 8 trailing rod 34 swings pivotably about the rubber bushings 35 9 in the widthwise direction of the vehicle.
On the other hand, as illustrated in Fig. 2 and 11 Fig. 3. there is provided a hydraulic cylinder 40 for apply-12 ing a yawing motion to the rear axle housing 10 between the 13 upper plate 21 and the bracket 29 fixed to the vehicle body.
14 As shown in Fig. 5. the hydraulic cylinder 40 comprises a pair of cylinders 42 and 43 having the same stroke. The 1b hydraulic cylinder 40 is constituted by a pair of the left 17 and right cylinders 42. 43 connected with each other on the 18 same axis through a partition wall 41. a pair of stoppers 44, 19 45 for closing an open end of each cylinder, a pair of pis-tons 48. 49 slidably inserted in the cylinder 42. 43. a pair 21 of pressure chambers 46. 47 provided inside of the cylinders 22 42, 43 and a pair of piston rods 50. 51 connected at an end 23 thereof with the pistons 48. 49. The end of the piston rod 24 50 is connected with the aforementioned upper plate 21 through a ball-and-socket joint 52 and the end of the piston 26 rod 51 is connected with the bracket 29 grounded on the 21641 ~3 1 vehicle body through a ball-and-socket joint 53.
2 Pressure oil is supplied to the hydraulic cylinder 3 40 through ports A, B, C and D provided in the cylinders 42.
4 43 and th2 partition wall 41. When pressure oil is fed to the ports A and B, the pistons 48 and 49 travel inward and final-6 ly come into contact with the partition wall 41 respectively.
7 With this movement of the pistons, the rods 50. 51 are in-8 truded into the cylinders 42. 43 and the total length L of 9 the cylinder 40 becomes shortest Cmost contracted condition).
When pressure oil is fed to the ports C and D. the pistons 11 48. 49 travel outward and finally come into contact with the 12 stoppers 44, 45 respectively. Being accompanied with this, 13 the rods 50, 51 are protruded out of the cylinders 42. 43 14 respectively and the total length L of the cylinder 40 be-comes longest Cmost expanded condition). On the other hand, 16 when pressure oil is supplied to the ports A and C, the rod 17 50 is intruded into the cylinder 42 and the rod 51 is pro-18 truded from the cylinder 43. Further, when pressure oil is 19 supplied to the ports D and B, the rod 50 is protruded from the cylinder 42 and the rod 51 is intruded into the cylinder 21 43. In these conditions, the total length L of the hydraulic 22 cylinder 40 becomes medium (intermediate condition). Thus, 23 according to the way of supplying pressure oil, the hydraulic 24 cylinder 40 for yawing the rear axle housing can be retained and fixed in any condition among "most contracted condition, 26 "most expanded condition" and "intermediate condition".
21~~1 ~3 1 When the hydraulic cylinder 40 is fixed in "most 2 contracted condition", the rear axle housing 10 is yawed 3 about the yawing axis 37 clockwise on the pla n view at a 4 specified angle Cin this embodiment 15 degrees) and fixed at that position. When the hydraulic cylinder 40 is fixed in 6 "most expanded condition", the rear axle housing 10 is yawed 7 about the.yawing axis 37 counterclockwise on the plan view at 8 a specified angle C15 degrees) and fixed at that position.
On 9 the other hand, when the hydraulic cylinder 40 is fixed in "intermediate condition", the rear axle housing 10 is fixed 11 in a "not yawed state", namely at a state where the axle line 12 RC of the rear axle housing 10 is extended orthogonally with 13 respect to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle.
14 Further, there is provided an L-shaped bracket 54 on the cylinders 42. 43 of the hydraulic cylinder 40 respec-16 tively. Further, a stop plate 55 is connected with the rod 17 50. 51 respectively. Further, at the bracket 54 on the left 18 side there are provided limit switches 56 and 57 for detect-19 ing "most expanded condition" and "most contracted condition"
of the rod 50 respectively the contact of the stop plate by 21 55 with these limit switches. Similarly, at the cket 54 bra on 22 the right side there are provided 58 and limit switches 59 23 for detecting "most expanded condition" and "most contracted 24 con dition" respectively.
Next, a hydraulic circuit to control the hydraulic 26 cyl inder 23 for steering the rear wheels and the hydraulic w 21s~~ ~~
1 cylinder 40 for yawing the rear axle housing will be de-2 scribed with reference to Fig. 6.
3 An operation of the hydraulic cylinder 23 is 4 controlled by a solenoid operated directional control valve 61 of the 4 ports-3 positions type. Further, an operation of 6 the hydraulic cylinder 40 is controlled by a pair of solenoid 7 operated directional control valves 62. 63 of the 4 ports-3 8 positions type. Pressure oil is supplied to these directional 9 control vales 61. 62 and 63 from a hydraulic pump 54 driven by the engine 3.
11 On the other hand, referring to Fig. 7. the steer-12 ing angle sensor 25. the limit switches 56. 57. 58 and 59 are 13 connected with a hydraulic controller 65 respectively. Fur-14 they, there is provided an autonomous running controller 66 _ to send miscellaneous instruction signals for controlling the 16 autonomous running of the working vehicle 1 to the hydraulic 17 controller 65. The hydraulic controller 65 acts as selecting 18 these directional control valves 61. 62 and 63 based on those 19 instruction signals so as to determine the running direction of the working vehicle 1 by controlling the hydraulic cylin-21 der 23 for steering the rear steering wheels and the hydrau-22 lic cylinder 40 for yawing the rear axle housing.
23 The abovementioned steering control by the hydrau-24 lic controller 65 is performed according to a U-turn control routine as shown in Fig. 8. That is to say, when the auto-26 nomous controller 66 recognizes that the working vehicle 1 21~i~~~~
1 reaches an end of a mowi ng pass and i t i s j udged that the 2 vehicle must make a U-turn, either a right U-turn switch 67 3 is turned on or a left U-turn switch is turned on. That is, 4 at S71 it is judged whether or not the state of the U-turn switch is changed. If it is judged to be YES. the program 6 goes to S72 where it is judged whether or not the right U-7 turn switch 67 is turned on. If the right U-turn switch 67 is 8 turned on, the program goes to S73 in which an operation of 9 the right U-turn is executed.
On the other hand, if the right U-turn switch 67 11 is turned off, the program steps to S74 where it is judged 12 whether or not the left U-turn switch 68 is turned on. If the 13 left U-turn switch 68 is turned on, the program goes to S75 14 where the left U-turn is executed.
When the right U-turn is executed at S73 or when 16 the left U-turn is executed at S75. the program is returned 17 to S71 where it is judged whether or not the state of the U-18 turn switch is changed. If No. the step S71 is repeated at a 19 specified interval of time until the state of the U-turn switch is changed.
21 On the other hand, if it is judged at S76 that 22 the state of the U-turn switch has been changed and both of 23 the right and left U-turn switches 67. 68 are turned off, the 24 program steps to S77 where a returning operation to the neutral position is started.
26 First, an operation of the right U-turn will be 21s~~~~
1 described by referring to Fig. 9 and Fig. 10.
2 ~ When the operation of the right U-turn is started, 3 the hydraulic controller 65 reads the data of the steering 4 angle sensor 25 and detects a relative steering angle of the rear left wheel 11L with respect to the rear axle housing 10.
6 If it is detected at S82 that the rear wheel 11L is deviated 7 to the right compared to the neutral position, at S83 the 8 hydraulic controller 65 energizes a solenoid at the terminal 9 "a" of the directional control valve 61. As a result, the hydraulic cylinder 23 for steering the rear wheels is con-11 tracted so as to correct the rear wheels 11L and 11R to the 12 left.
13 On the other hand, i f i t i s detected at S84 that 14 the rear wheel 11L is deviated to the left with respect to the neutral position, at S85 the hydraulic controller 65 16 energizes a solenoid at the terminal "b" of the directional 17 control valve 61. whereby the hydraulic cylinder 23 is ex-18 panded so as to correct the rear steering wheels 11L and 11R
19 to the right.
These corrections of the rear steering wheels 11L
21 and 11R are continued to be made until the relative steering 22 angle becomes zero with respect to the neutral position. That 23 is, the steps S81. S82 and S84 are executed until when it is 24 judged that the steering angle is neither deviated to the right at S82 nor deviated to the left at S84. When the rela-26 tive steering angle is zero with respect to the neutral 21~~~ ~~
1 position, the axle line RC of the rear axle housing 10 is in 2 parallel with the rotational axis WL of the rear wheel 11L.
3 At this moment, at S86 the current is stopped to be fed 4 neither to the terminal "a" nor to the terminal "b" so as to render thp directional control valve 61 to fix at the neutral 6 position. Thus, the hydraulic cylinder 23 is fixed so as not 7 to change the length thereof and the rear steering wheels 8 11R. 11L are fixed at the relative steering angle "zero".
Next, when at S87 the current is fed to the termi-nal "a" of the directional control valve 62 and to the termi-11 nal "b" of the directional control valve 63. the rods 50 and 12 51 of the hydraulic cylinder 40 both are gradually protruded 13 from the cylinders 42, 43 to give a yaw motion about the 14 yawing axis 37 to the rear axle housing 10 in the counter-clockwise direction. At S89 and S90. when it is confirmed 16 that both the limit switches 56 and 59 are turned on and the 17 hydraulic cylinder 40 is in "most expanded condition", at S92 18 and S93. the directional control valves 62 and 63 are posi-19 tinned at the neutral position so as to hold the hydraulic cylinder ~0 at "most expanded condition". Thus, the rear axle 21 housing 10 is yawed by B Cin this embodiment 15) degrees 22 counterclockwise on the plan view as shown in Fig. 10 and is 23 fixed in this state.
24 In the working vehicle 1 according to this embodi-ment. after the axis line RC of the rear axle housing 10 is 26 let to be in parallel with the rotational axes WL and WR of 21~4~.~3 1 the rear steering wheels 11L and 11R respectively, then the 2 rear axle housing 10 is yawed about the yawing axis 37.
3 Therefore, when the rear axle housing 10 is yawed, a side 4 slip does not occur at the left and right rear steering S wheels 11L and 11R. Further, since the differential gears 6 absorb a rotational difference between the left and right 7 steering wheels 11L. 11R. there is no side slip in the rota-8 tional diFection of the wheels. Thus, according to the work-9 ing vehicle 1 of the embodiment the rear axle housing 10 can be yawed without damaging the lawn.
11 When the rear axle housing 10 finishes the yaw 12 moti on and i s f i xed at "most expanded condi t i on", at S93 of 13 Fig. 10 the hydraulic controller 65 feeds current to the 1.4 terminal "a" of the directional control valve 61 to contract the hydraulic cylinder 23 for steering the rear wheels. Thus, 16 the left and right rear steering wheels 11L and 11R are 17 steered gradually to the left with the help of the Ackermann 18 steering mechanism. Since the rear steering wheels 11L and 19 11R are steered with the rear axle housing fixed. it is possible to know accurately the steering angle (absolute 21 steering angle) against the vehicular center line C from the 22 steering angle sensor 25. therefore the steering angle of the 23 left and Tight rear steering wheels 11L and 11R can be con-24 trolled precisely. This enables the working vehicle to move accurately from the mowed pass to the neighboring unmowed 2fi pass. When the rear steering wheels 11L and 11R are steered, 2164~~3 1 since the Ackermann steering mechanism does not produce a 2 side slip at the left and right steering wheels 11L and 11R.
3 the lawn is saved from being damaged.
4 At S94. the relative steering angle of the left rear steering wheel 11L with respect to the rear axle housing 6 10 is read and when it is judged at S95 that this relative 7 steering angle is fully steered to the left, at S96 the 8 hydraulic controller 65 lets the directional control valve 61 9 in the neutral condition to fix the length of the hydraulic cylinder 23. Thus, the left and right rear steering wheels 11 11L and 11R are fixed in a state fully steered to the left.
12 This state is shown in Fig. 13 by a relative angle a for the 13 left rear steering wheel 11L and a relative angle S for the 14 right rear steering wheel 11R. Further, as referred to Fig.
13. the rotational axis WL of the left rear wheel 11L and the 16 rotational axis WR of the right rear steering wheel 11R both 17 are met at a point P with the rotational axis FC of the front 18 wheels 7. That is to say, the working vehicle 1 makes a turn 19 around the point P. As can be known from Fig. 13. in the working vehicle 1 according to the embodiment, when the 21 vehicle makes a U-turn Cturn by 180 degrees) around the point 22 P, the width of mowing overlaps the next width of mowing and 23 therefore there is no portion left unmowed.
24 When the right U-turn is finished, the steering must be returned to the neutral position Ca returning opera-26 tion to the neutral position). Next, this returning operation z~~~l~j 1 will be described with reference to a routine for the return-2 ing operation to the neutral position in Fig. 14.
3 Referring to Fig. 14. the autonomous running 4 controller 66 detects a running direction of the working vehicle 1 by use of a magnetic direction sensor D mounted on 6 a mast M of the working vehicle 1. When the vehicle makes a 7 U-turn to the right and it is detected that the longitudinal 8 direction of the vehicle is turned by 180 degrees approxi-9 mately, the autonomous running controller 66 turns the right U-turn switch 67 off. Then, at S76 of Fig. 8 the hydraulic 11 controller 65 detects that both the left and right U-turn 12 switches 67. 68 are turned off and then a returning operation 13 to the neutral position is executed at S77.
14 When this returning operation is started, the hydraulic controller 65 reads the data of the steering sensor 16 25 at S101 shown in Fig. 14. When the right U-turn operation 17 is switched to the returning operation, since the steering 18 angle of the rear wheels is still deviated to the left. the 19 program goes from S104 to S105 where the terminal "b" of the directional control valve 61 is energized so as to expand the 21 cylinder 23 and as a result the rear steering wheels 11 are 22 steered to the right to reduce the steering angle thereof. At 23 this moment, no side slip occurs at the left and right rear 24 steering wheels 11L. 11R with the help of the Ackermann steering mechanism.
26 ~ When it is confirmed through S101. S102 and S104 21~~~~3 1 that the steering angle of the rear steering wheels 11 is 2 zero, at S106 the directional control valve 61 is set to the 3 neutr al position. As a result of this, the hydraulic cylin der 4 23 is fixed at the neutral position and the relative steer ing angle of the left and right rear steering wheels 11L, 11R is 6 held to be zero with respect to the rear axle housing 10. as 7 shown in Fig. 11.
8 When the relative steering angle is returned to 9 zero, at S107 the hydraulic controller 65 feeds current to the t erminal "b" of the directional control valve 62 so to as 11 intru de the rod SO into the cylinder 42. As a result, the 12 rear axle housing 10 is yawed about the yawing axis 37. At 13 this moment, since the relative angle of the rear steering 14 wheels 11 is kept zero with respect to the rear axle housing 10. the lawn is never damaged by the rear steering wheels.
In 16 performing a returning operation of therear axle housing 10.
17 the terminal "a" of the directional co ntrol valve 63 may be 18 energized. I n this case, the rod 51 is intruded into the 19 cylinder 43.
At S108. when it is confirmed that the limit 21 switch 57 is operated, the program steps to S109 where the 22 directional control valve 62 is set to the neutral position, 23 whereby the hydraulic cylinder 40 for yawing the rear axle 24 housing 10 gets into "intermediate condition" that the rod 50 at one side has been intruded to the full into the cylinder 26 42 and the rod 51 at the other side has been protruded to the 21~~1~3 1 full from the cylinder 43. Therefore. the rear axle housing 2 10 is fixed in the neutral position in which the axle line RC
3 of the rear axle housing 10 is met orthogonally with the 4 longitudinal center line C of the vehicle.
With respect to the left U-turn, the operation is 5 done in fi similar way to the aforementioned right U-turn 7 operation.
8 Since the working vehicle 1 runs about anywhere in 9 the field, it must have a function for sometimes going straight and sometimes making a turn. According to the embod-11 invent of the present invention, when the working vehicle 1 12 makes a small turn other than a U-turn, the steering opera-13 tion is performed only by steering the left and right rear 14 steering wheels 11L. 11R with the rear axle housing held in "intermediate condition". In this case, the hydraulic con-16 trolley 65 fixes the rear axle housing 10 at "intermediate 17 condition" and controls the hydraulic cylinder 23 only.
18 In this embodiment. the yawing and steering mecha-19 nisms are all provided on the rear wheel side, however these may be furnished on the front wheel side. Further, in this 21 embodiment, the hydraulic cylinder for yawing the rear axle 22 housing is constituted by a pair of cylinders integrally 23 connected with each other on a common axis, however this pair 24 of cylinders may be connected integrally in parallel with each other.
26 ~ Summarizing the steering system of the working 21~~~~~~
1 vehicle according to the present invention, since the steer-2 ing system is constituted such that the wheels are steered 3 according to the Ackermann steering mechanism while the axle 4 housing having those wheels is in a yawed condition against S the longitudinal center line of the vehicle, it is possible 6 to acquire a substantially large absolute steering angle and 7 a minimal turning radius. Further, since the axle housing is 8 yawed by the expansion force or contraction force of the 9 hydraulic. cylinder, the axle housing can make a quick yaw motion, thereby the working vehicle can perform a swift U-11 turn. Further, since the hydraulic cylinder comprises a pair 12 of cylinders each of which is operated independently, the 13 length of the hydraulic cylinder can be selected at three 14 positions, a most expanded condition, a most contracted condition and an intermediate condition and fixed at these 16 three positions respectively, whereby the absolute steering 17 angle of the wheels can be controlled accurately and a cor-18 rect steering operation can be attained. The correct steering 19 operation is important when the working vehicle attempts to catch the next mowing pass properly. Further, since the axle 21 housing is yawed while the relative steering angle of the 22 wheels is zero, the wheels never produce side slips damaging 23 the lawn, when the axle housing is yawed. Furthermore, since 24 the steertng system according to the present invention has a simple construction, the weight of the vehicle can be reduced 26 and!therefore less damages are provided on the lawn.
21~~~~ j3 1 While the presently preferred embodiment of the 2 present invention has been shown and described, it is to be 3 understood that this disclosure is for the purpose illus-of 4 tration and that var ious changes and modifications may be made without departin g from the scope of the inventionas set 6 forth in the appended claims.
2. Prior Arts 11 Generally, it is desirable that a turning radius 12 of a working vehicle is as small as possible from the view-13 point of the working efficiency and handlingability. There 14 are so many techniques for reducing the turning radius of vehicles used for miscellaneous indoor or outdoor works.
16 Among them, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Toku-Kai-17 Sho 59-61.70 discloses a steering linkage mechanism by which 18 when a steering wheel is turned, an axle housing is swung in 19 the steering direction and at the same time each wheel pro-vided at the both ends of the axle housing is pivotably 21 turned for steering.
22 Further, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application 23 Toku-Kai-Sho 63-203473 discloses a steering mechanism in 24 which, when a steering wheel is turned, an axle housing is swung in the steering direction so as to increase the steer-26 ing.angle of wheels after front wheels are turned at a speci-1 fied angle.
2 Further, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application 3 Toku-Kai-Sho 61-18567 proposes a mechanism in which, when a 4 steering wheel is turned, front wheels are turned and at the S same time a vehicle body is folded at the middle portion 6 thereof so as to increase the steering angle of the front 7 wheels.
8 Furthermore, Japanese Unexamined Patent Applica 9 tion Toku-Kai-Hei 1-108909 presents a steering control mecha nism, or a so-called "fourwheel steering mechanism" in which 11 both front and rear wheels are pivotably turned in the ad 12 verse direction to each other so as to reduce a turning 13 radius of the vehicle.
14 In recent years, autonomous running type lawn mowing vehicles which can mow the lawn of golf courses un-16 mannedly have been proposed. These vehicles are required to 17 mow the lawn i n such a way that the goi ng pass and the 18 returning pass come alternately with an exactly equal inter-19 val and that no uncut lawn is left. Further, since they must run about.in a vast area, quick directional turnings are re 21 quired. Further, when those vehicles make U-turns, they are 22 requi red to be operated so as not to damage the lawn by 23 turning wheels.
24 However, in the steering mechanisms according to Toku-Kai-Sho 59-6170, Toku-Kai-Sho 63-203473 and Toku-Kai-Sho 26 61-18567. when the axle housing is swung in the horizontal ._ 216~~ ~3 1 plane with the front wheels held at an angle, the front 2 wheels give a damage to the lawn due to the side slip. Fur-3 then, since first the front wheels are pivotably turned and 4 then the axle housing is swung in the horizontal plane, it is S difficult to make a quick turn on the lawn. Furthermore, the 6 fourwheel steering mechanism according to Toku-Kai-Hei 1-7 108909 contains defects that it needs a sophisticated tech-8 nology and its manufacturing cost is high. Further, the 9 weight of the vehicle is so heavy that the high ground pres-sure gives a damage to the lawn.
13 Accordingly, the present invention is intended to 14 obviate the abovementioned problems and disadvantages of the prior arts and the objects of the present invention will be 16 summarized as follows.
17 An object of the present invention is to provide a 18 steering system of a working vehicle capable of making a turn 19 with a minimal turning radius and of quickly moving to the next pass.
21 Another object of the present invention is to 22 provide a steering system of a working vehicle capable of 23 entering the next pass with a high precision.
24 Further object of the present invention is to provide a steering system of a working vehicle capable of 26 making a U-turn without damaging the lawn.
~16~~~3 1 Still further object of the present invention is 2 to provide a steering system having a simple construction and 3 a right weight.
4 To achieve these objects mentioned above. the S steering system according to the present invention comprises:
6 means for swinging an axle housing in a hori2ontal 7 plane about an axis provided in a vehicle at a specified 8 swinging angle and for fixing the axle housing at the swing-9 ing angle while a steering wheel rotatably connected with a king pin provided in the axle housing is fixed at a neutral 11 position;
12 means for rotating said the wheel about the king 13 pin at a specified steering angle according to an Ackermann's 14 steering condition and for fixing the steering wheel at the specified steering angle while the axle housing is fixed at 16 the specified swinging angle;
17 means for rotating the steering wheel according to 18 the Ackermann's steering condition from the specified steer-19 ing angle back to a neutral position and fixing the steering wheel at the neutral position;
21 means for swinging the axle housing from the 22 specified swinging angle to a position where the axle housing 23 and a lengthwise center line of the vehicle meet orthogonally 24 and for fixing the axle housing at the position; and means for rotating the steering wheel about the 26 king pin .discretionally while the axle housing is fixed at . 21~~~ ~3 1 the position.
4 A specific embodiment of the present invention S will be described with reference to the accompanying draw-6 ings, in which:
7 Fig. 1 is a side view showing a chassis construc-8 tion of a working vehicle equipped with a steering system 9 according to the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a rear view showing a rear axle housing 11 according to the present invention;
12 Fig. 3 is a plan view showing a rear axle housing 13 according to the present invention;
14 Fig. 4 is a side view showing a rear axle housing according to the present invention;
16 Fig. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a 17 hydraulic cylinder for swinging a rear axle housing according 18 to the present invention;
19 Fig. 6 is a diagram showing a hydraulic circuit for controlling a rear wheel steering cylinder and a rear 21 axle housing swinging cylinder;
22 Fig. 7 is a block diagram showing a steering 23 control according to the present invention;
24 Fig. 8 is a flowchart of a steering control when a vehicle makes a U-turn;
26 Fig. 9 and Fig. 10 are flowcharts of a steering S
215~~~.~3 1 control right;
when a vehicle makes a U-turn to the 2 Fi g. 11 i s a plan vi ew showi ng a state of a rear 3 axle housing swung to the left at a speci fied angle with 4 rear steering wheels fixed at a neutral position;
S Fi g. 12 i s a plan vi ew showi ng a state of a rear 6 axle housing swung to the left at a specifiedangle with rear 7 steering the same direc-wheels rotated about a king pin in 8 tion as the rear axle housing at a specified angle.
9 Fig. 13 is a plan view showing a working vehicle when making a U-turn with a minimal turning adius in a state r 11 of a rear axle housing swung to the left at specified angle a 12 with rear steering wheels rotated about a king pin in the 13 same direction as the rear axle housing at specified angle;
a 14 and Fig. 14 is a flowchart of an operation of hydrau-16 lic control valves when the steering is returned to the 17 neutral position.
Referring now to Fig. 1. numeral 1 denotes an 21 autonomous running type lawn mowing vehicle which can mow the 22 lawn in a golf course unmannedly and autonomously according 23 to a navigation method comprising a position recognition 24 using a GPS <Global Positioning System) navigation method, an earth magnetism sensor, an encoder for detecting the wheel 26 speed or the like, a trace running using a boundary detecting 21~ ~~~3 1 sensor for detecting a boundary between the mowed and unmowed 2 areas, and a course selection according to a running program.
A driving force generated in an engine 3 which is 4 installed at the rear of a chassis frame 2 is transferred to a HST (Hydraulic Static Transmission) type transmission 5 6 through a~propeller shaft 4. The driving force subjected to a 7 speed change i n the transmi ssi on 5 i s transmi tted to a di f-8 ferential gear provided in a front axle housing 6 to drive 9 left and right front wheels 7. On the other hand, a driving force picked up from a gear box 8 provided in the front axle 11 housing 6 is transmitted to a differential gear provided in a 12 rear axle housing 10 through a propeller shaft 9 to drive 13 left and right rear wheels 11. That is to say, the vehicle 1 14 is a fourwheel drive type working vehicle driven by both the pairs of front wheels 7 and rear wheels 11 Csince in this 15 embodiment rear wheels are rotatable for steering the vehi-17 cle, referred to as "steering wheels" hereinafter). Further, 18 in this working vehicle 1 a lawn mowing machine 12 is sus-19 pended from a suspension mechanism (not shown) provided at the front of the chassis frame 2.
21 ' Referring to Fig. 2, a pair of bevel knuckles, a 22 left one 14L and a right one 14R are pivotably connected 23 about a king pin 13 with a left and right end of the rear 24 axle housing 10. The left and right rear wheels 11L and 11R
are respectively connected with left and right hubs 15 driven 26 by a gear mechanism built in the bevel knuckles 14L and 14R.
21~~I~3 1 Further, as shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, the rear axle housing 2 10 is connected at the lower portion thereof with a lower 3 plate 17 and a control plate 19 is connected with the lower 4 plate 17 swingably about a pivot 18 in the transversal direction of the vehicle on the horizontal plane. Further, a 6 pair of left and right tie-rods 20 are connected at one end 7 thereof with the front end of the control plate 19 and con-8 netted at the other end thereof with the left and right bevel 9 knuckles ~4L and 14R respectively. Generally, this mechanism is called "Ackermann steering mechanism".
11 Further, the rear axle housing 10 is connected at 12 the upper portion thereof with an upper plate 21 and an arm 13 22 is fixed to the upper portion of the right bevel knuckle 14 14R. Between the upper plate 21 and the arm 22 there is prov ided a hydraulic cylinder 23 for steering the rear steer-16 ing wheels. Thus, when the hydraulic cylinder 23 is expanded, 17 the rear right steering wheel 11R is turned around the king 18 pin 13 to the right and at the same time the rear left steer-19 ing wheel 11L is turned around the king pin 13 to the right with respect to the rear axle housing 10 by means of the 21 abov e Ackermann steering mechanism. On the contrary, when the 22 hydr aulic cylinder 23 is contracted, the rear steering wheels 23 11R and 11L are turned to the left with respect to the rear 24 axle hous-ing 10. Since this working vehicle 1 introduces a rear wheel steering method, when the rear steering wheels 11 26 are~ steered to the right, the working vehicle 1 is turned to 1 the left and when the rear steering wheels 11 are steered to 2 the left. the working vehicle 11 is turned to the right.
3 Further, as shown in Fig. 3. a steering angle 4 sensor 25 is disposed at the left end of the rear axle hous-ing 10. The steering angle sensor 25 is operated by a rod 28 6 connecting a lever 26 fixed to the steering angle sensor 25 7 and a lever 27 fixed to the left bevel knuckle 14L. The 8 purpose of the steering angle sensor 25 is to detect a rela-9 tive steering angle of the rear left steering wheel 11L with respect to the rear axle housing 10. i.e.. an inclination 11 angle formed by an axle line RC of the rear axle housing 10 12 and a wheel axle line WL of the rear left steering wheel 11L.
13 Further, as shown in Fig. 4. the rear axle housing 14 10 is pivotably connected at the upper portion thereof with a rear cross member 31 fixed to the rear part of the chassis 16 frame 2 through an upper ball-and-socket joint 32. On the 17 other hand, the chassis frame 2 is connected at the rear end 18 thereof with a trailing rod 34 extended in the obliquely 19 forward and downward direction through a pair of rubber bushings 35 and the trailing rod 34 is connected at the other 21 end thereof with the lower plate 17 through a lower 22 ball-and-socket joint 36 whose ball-with stud is bolted on 23 the lower surface of the rear axle housing 10. Since the 24 upper ball-and-socket joint 32 and the lower ball-and-socket joint 36 share a common axis extended vertically, the rear 26 axle housing 10 swings on the horizontal plane or yaws about 2I~~1~3 1 the common axis, that is. a yawing axis 37 in the steering 2 Cyawing) direction. Further, since the rear axle housing 10 3 is pivotably connected with the chassis frame 2 through the 4 ball-and-socket joint 32. the rear axle housing 10 can make rolling motions around the ball-and-socket joint 32 so as to b be able to follow up the running on uneven roads. When the 7 rear axle housing 10 makes rolling motions, the end of the 8 trailing rod 34 swings pivotably about the rubber bushings 35 9 in the widthwise direction of the vehicle.
On the other hand, as illustrated in Fig. 2 and 11 Fig. 3. there is provided a hydraulic cylinder 40 for apply-12 ing a yawing motion to the rear axle housing 10 between the 13 upper plate 21 and the bracket 29 fixed to the vehicle body.
14 As shown in Fig. 5. the hydraulic cylinder 40 comprises a pair of cylinders 42 and 43 having the same stroke. The 1b hydraulic cylinder 40 is constituted by a pair of the left 17 and right cylinders 42. 43 connected with each other on the 18 same axis through a partition wall 41. a pair of stoppers 44, 19 45 for closing an open end of each cylinder, a pair of pis-tons 48. 49 slidably inserted in the cylinder 42. 43. a pair 21 of pressure chambers 46. 47 provided inside of the cylinders 22 42, 43 and a pair of piston rods 50. 51 connected at an end 23 thereof with the pistons 48. 49. The end of the piston rod 24 50 is connected with the aforementioned upper plate 21 through a ball-and-socket joint 52 and the end of the piston 26 rod 51 is connected with the bracket 29 grounded on the 21641 ~3 1 vehicle body through a ball-and-socket joint 53.
2 Pressure oil is supplied to the hydraulic cylinder 3 40 through ports A, B, C and D provided in the cylinders 42.
4 43 and th2 partition wall 41. When pressure oil is fed to the ports A and B, the pistons 48 and 49 travel inward and final-6 ly come into contact with the partition wall 41 respectively.
7 With this movement of the pistons, the rods 50. 51 are in-8 truded into the cylinders 42. 43 and the total length L of 9 the cylinder 40 becomes shortest Cmost contracted condition).
When pressure oil is fed to the ports C and D. the pistons 11 48. 49 travel outward and finally come into contact with the 12 stoppers 44, 45 respectively. Being accompanied with this, 13 the rods 50, 51 are protruded out of the cylinders 42. 43 14 respectively and the total length L of the cylinder 40 be-comes longest Cmost expanded condition). On the other hand, 16 when pressure oil is supplied to the ports A and C, the rod 17 50 is intruded into the cylinder 42 and the rod 51 is pro-18 truded from the cylinder 43. Further, when pressure oil is 19 supplied to the ports D and B, the rod 50 is protruded from the cylinder 42 and the rod 51 is intruded into the cylinder 21 43. In these conditions, the total length L of the hydraulic 22 cylinder 40 becomes medium (intermediate condition). Thus, 23 according to the way of supplying pressure oil, the hydraulic 24 cylinder 40 for yawing the rear axle housing can be retained and fixed in any condition among "most contracted condition, 26 "most expanded condition" and "intermediate condition".
21~~1 ~3 1 When the hydraulic cylinder 40 is fixed in "most 2 contracted condition", the rear axle housing 10 is yawed 3 about the yawing axis 37 clockwise on the pla n view at a 4 specified angle Cin this embodiment 15 degrees) and fixed at that position. When the hydraulic cylinder 40 is fixed in 6 "most expanded condition", the rear axle housing 10 is yawed 7 about the.yawing axis 37 counterclockwise on the plan view at 8 a specified angle C15 degrees) and fixed at that position.
On 9 the other hand, when the hydraulic cylinder 40 is fixed in "intermediate condition", the rear axle housing 10 is fixed 11 in a "not yawed state", namely at a state where the axle line 12 RC of the rear axle housing 10 is extended orthogonally with 13 respect to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle.
14 Further, there is provided an L-shaped bracket 54 on the cylinders 42. 43 of the hydraulic cylinder 40 respec-16 tively. Further, a stop plate 55 is connected with the rod 17 50. 51 respectively. Further, at the bracket 54 on the left 18 side there are provided limit switches 56 and 57 for detect-19 ing "most expanded condition" and "most contracted condition"
of the rod 50 respectively the contact of the stop plate by 21 55 with these limit switches. Similarly, at the cket 54 bra on 22 the right side there are provided 58 and limit switches 59 23 for detecting "most expanded condition" and "most contracted 24 con dition" respectively.
Next, a hydraulic circuit to control the hydraulic 26 cyl inder 23 for steering the rear wheels and the hydraulic w 21s~~ ~~
1 cylinder 40 for yawing the rear axle housing will be de-2 scribed with reference to Fig. 6.
3 An operation of the hydraulic cylinder 23 is 4 controlled by a solenoid operated directional control valve 61 of the 4 ports-3 positions type. Further, an operation of 6 the hydraulic cylinder 40 is controlled by a pair of solenoid 7 operated directional control valves 62. 63 of the 4 ports-3 8 positions type. Pressure oil is supplied to these directional 9 control vales 61. 62 and 63 from a hydraulic pump 54 driven by the engine 3.
11 On the other hand, referring to Fig. 7. the steer-12 ing angle sensor 25. the limit switches 56. 57. 58 and 59 are 13 connected with a hydraulic controller 65 respectively. Fur-14 they, there is provided an autonomous running controller 66 _ to send miscellaneous instruction signals for controlling the 16 autonomous running of the working vehicle 1 to the hydraulic 17 controller 65. The hydraulic controller 65 acts as selecting 18 these directional control valves 61. 62 and 63 based on those 19 instruction signals so as to determine the running direction of the working vehicle 1 by controlling the hydraulic cylin-21 der 23 for steering the rear steering wheels and the hydrau-22 lic cylinder 40 for yawing the rear axle housing.
23 The abovementioned steering control by the hydrau-24 lic controller 65 is performed according to a U-turn control routine as shown in Fig. 8. That is to say, when the auto-26 nomous controller 66 recognizes that the working vehicle 1 21~i~~~~
1 reaches an end of a mowi ng pass and i t i s j udged that the 2 vehicle must make a U-turn, either a right U-turn switch 67 3 is turned on or a left U-turn switch is turned on. That is, 4 at S71 it is judged whether or not the state of the U-turn switch is changed. If it is judged to be YES. the program 6 goes to S72 where it is judged whether or not the right U-7 turn switch 67 is turned on. If the right U-turn switch 67 is 8 turned on, the program goes to S73 in which an operation of 9 the right U-turn is executed.
On the other hand, if the right U-turn switch 67 11 is turned off, the program steps to S74 where it is judged 12 whether or not the left U-turn switch 68 is turned on. If the 13 left U-turn switch 68 is turned on, the program goes to S75 14 where the left U-turn is executed.
When the right U-turn is executed at S73 or when 16 the left U-turn is executed at S75. the program is returned 17 to S71 where it is judged whether or not the state of the U-18 turn switch is changed. If No. the step S71 is repeated at a 19 specified interval of time until the state of the U-turn switch is changed.
21 On the other hand, if it is judged at S76 that 22 the state of the U-turn switch has been changed and both of 23 the right and left U-turn switches 67. 68 are turned off, the 24 program steps to S77 where a returning operation to the neutral position is started.
26 First, an operation of the right U-turn will be 21s~~~~
1 described by referring to Fig. 9 and Fig. 10.
2 ~ When the operation of the right U-turn is started, 3 the hydraulic controller 65 reads the data of the steering 4 angle sensor 25 and detects a relative steering angle of the rear left wheel 11L with respect to the rear axle housing 10.
6 If it is detected at S82 that the rear wheel 11L is deviated 7 to the right compared to the neutral position, at S83 the 8 hydraulic controller 65 energizes a solenoid at the terminal 9 "a" of the directional control valve 61. As a result, the hydraulic cylinder 23 for steering the rear wheels is con-11 tracted so as to correct the rear wheels 11L and 11R to the 12 left.
13 On the other hand, i f i t i s detected at S84 that 14 the rear wheel 11L is deviated to the left with respect to the neutral position, at S85 the hydraulic controller 65 16 energizes a solenoid at the terminal "b" of the directional 17 control valve 61. whereby the hydraulic cylinder 23 is ex-18 panded so as to correct the rear steering wheels 11L and 11R
19 to the right.
These corrections of the rear steering wheels 11L
21 and 11R are continued to be made until the relative steering 22 angle becomes zero with respect to the neutral position. That 23 is, the steps S81. S82 and S84 are executed until when it is 24 judged that the steering angle is neither deviated to the right at S82 nor deviated to the left at S84. When the rela-26 tive steering angle is zero with respect to the neutral 21~~~ ~~
1 position, the axle line RC of the rear axle housing 10 is in 2 parallel with the rotational axis WL of the rear wheel 11L.
3 At this moment, at S86 the current is stopped to be fed 4 neither to the terminal "a" nor to the terminal "b" so as to render thp directional control valve 61 to fix at the neutral 6 position. Thus, the hydraulic cylinder 23 is fixed so as not 7 to change the length thereof and the rear steering wheels 8 11R. 11L are fixed at the relative steering angle "zero".
Next, when at S87 the current is fed to the termi-nal "a" of the directional control valve 62 and to the termi-11 nal "b" of the directional control valve 63. the rods 50 and 12 51 of the hydraulic cylinder 40 both are gradually protruded 13 from the cylinders 42, 43 to give a yaw motion about the 14 yawing axis 37 to the rear axle housing 10 in the counter-clockwise direction. At S89 and S90. when it is confirmed 16 that both the limit switches 56 and 59 are turned on and the 17 hydraulic cylinder 40 is in "most expanded condition", at S92 18 and S93. the directional control valves 62 and 63 are posi-19 tinned at the neutral position so as to hold the hydraulic cylinder ~0 at "most expanded condition". Thus, the rear axle 21 housing 10 is yawed by B Cin this embodiment 15) degrees 22 counterclockwise on the plan view as shown in Fig. 10 and is 23 fixed in this state.
24 In the working vehicle 1 according to this embodi-ment. after the axis line RC of the rear axle housing 10 is 26 let to be in parallel with the rotational axes WL and WR of 21~4~.~3 1 the rear steering wheels 11L and 11R respectively, then the 2 rear axle housing 10 is yawed about the yawing axis 37.
3 Therefore, when the rear axle housing 10 is yawed, a side 4 slip does not occur at the left and right rear steering S wheels 11L and 11R. Further, since the differential gears 6 absorb a rotational difference between the left and right 7 steering wheels 11L. 11R. there is no side slip in the rota-8 tional diFection of the wheels. Thus, according to the work-9 ing vehicle 1 of the embodiment the rear axle housing 10 can be yawed without damaging the lawn.
11 When the rear axle housing 10 finishes the yaw 12 moti on and i s f i xed at "most expanded condi t i on", at S93 of 13 Fig. 10 the hydraulic controller 65 feeds current to the 1.4 terminal "a" of the directional control valve 61 to contract the hydraulic cylinder 23 for steering the rear wheels. Thus, 16 the left and right rear steering wheels 11L and 11R are 17 steered gradually to the left with the help of the Ackermann 18 steering mechanism. Since the rear steering wheels 11L and 19 11R are steered with the rear axle housing fixed. it is possible to know accurately the steering angle (absolute 21 steering angle) against the vehicular center line C from the 22 steering angle sensor 25. therefore the steering angle of the 23 left and Tight rear steering wheels 11L and 11R can be con-24 trolled precisely. This enables the working vehicle to move accurately from the mowed pass to the neighboring unmowed 2fi pass. When the rear steering wheels 11L and 11R are steered, 2164~~3 1 since the Ackermann steering mechanism does not produce a 2 side slip at the left and right steering wheels 11L and 11R.
3 the lawn is saved from being damaged.
4 At S94. the relative steering angle of the left rear steering wheel 11L with respect to the rear axle housing 6 10 is read and when it is judged at S95 that this relative 7 steering angle is fully steered to the left, at S96 the 8 hydraulic controller 65 lets the directional control valve 61 9 in the neutral condition to fix the length of the hydraulic cylinder 23. Thus, the left and right rear steering wheels 11 11L and 11R are fixed in a state fully steered to the left.
12 This state is shown in Fig. 13 by a relative angle a for the 13 left rear steering wheel 11L and a relative angle S for the 14 right rear steering wheel 11R. Further, as referred to Fig.
13. the rotational axis WL of the left rear wheel 11L and the 16 rotational axis WR of the right rear steering wheel 11R both 17 are met at a point P with the rotational axis FC of the front 18 wheels 7. That is to say, the working vehicle 1 makes a turn 19 around the point P. As can be known from Fig. 13. in the working vehicle 1 according to the embodiment, when the 21 vehicle makes a U-turn Cturn by 180 degrees) around the point 22 P, the width of mowing overlaps the next width of mowing and 23 therefore there is no portion left unmowed.
24 When the right U-turn is finished, the steering must be returned to the neutral position Ca returning opera-26 tion to the neutral position). Next, this returning operation z~~~l~j 1 will be described with reference to a routine for the return-2 ing operation to the neutral position in Fig. 14.
3 Referring to Fig. 14. the autonomous running 4 controller 66 detects a running direction of the working vehicle 1 by use of a magnetic direction sensor D mounted on 6 a mast M of the working vehicle 1. When the vehicle makes a 7 U-turn to the right and it is detected that the longitudinal 8 direction of the vehicle is turned by 180 degrees approxi-9 mately, the autonomous running controller 66 turns the right U-turn switch 67 off. Then, at S76 of Fig. 8 the hydraulic 11 controller 65 detects that both the left and right U-turn 12 switches 67. 68 are turned off and then a returning operation 13 to the neutral position is executed at S77.
14 When this returning operation is started, the hydraulic controller 65 reads the data of the steering sensor 16 25 at S101 shown in Fig. 14. When the right U-turn operation 17 is switched to the returning operation, since the steering 18 angle of the rear wheels is still deviated to the left. the 19 program goes from S104 to S105 where the terminal "b" of the directional control valve 61 is energized so as to expand the 21 cylinder 23 and as a result the rear steering wheels 11 are 22 steered to the right to reduce the steering angle thereof. At 23 this moment, no side slip occurs at the left and right rear 24 steering wheels 11L. 11R with the help of the Ackermann steering mechanism.
26 ~ When it is confirmed through S101. S102 and S104 21~~~~3 1 that the steering angle of the rear steering wheels 11 is 2 zero, at S106 the directional control valve 61 is set to the 3 neutr al position. As a result of this, the hydraulic cylin der 4 23 is fixed at the neutral position and the relative steer ing angle of the left and right rear steering wheels 11L, 11R is 6 held to be zero with respect to the rear axle housing 10. as 7 shown in Fig. 11.
8 When the relative steering angle is returned to 9 zero, at S107 the hydraulic controller 65 feeds current to the t erminal "b" of the directional control valve 62 so to as 11 intru de the rod SO into the cylinder 42. As a result, the 12 rear axle housing 10 is yawed about the yawing axis 37. At 13 this moment, since the relative angle of the rear steering 14 wheels 11 is kept zero with respect to the rear axle housing 10. the lawn is never damaged by the rear steering wheels.
In 16 performing a returning operation of therear axle housing 10.
17 the terminal "a" of the directional co ntrol valve 63 may be 18 energized. I n this case, the rod 51 is intruded into the 19 cylinder 43.
At S108. when it is confirmed that the limit 21 switch 57 is operated, the program steps to S109 where the 22 directional control valve 62 is set to the neutral position, 23 whereby the hydraulic cylinder 40 for yawing the rear axle 24 housing 10 gets into "intermediate condition" that the rod 50 at one side has been intruded to the full into the cylinder 26 42 and the rod 51 at the other side has been protruded to the 21~~1~3 1 full from the cylinder 43. Therefore. the rear axle housing 2 10 is fixed in the neutral position in which the axle line RC
3 of the rear axle housing 10 is met orthogonally with the 4 longitudinal center line C of the vehicle.
With respect to the left U-turn, the operation is 5 done in fi similar way to the aforementioned right U-turn 7 operation.
8 Since the working vehicle 1 runs about anywhere in 9 the field, it must have a function for sometimes going straight and sometimes making a turn. According to the embod-11 invent of the present invention, when the working vehicle 1 12 makes a small turn other than a U-turn, the steering opera-13 tion is performed only by steering the left and right rear 14 steering wheels 11L. 11R with the rear axle housing held in "intermediate condition". In this case, the hydraulic con-16 trolley 65 fixes the rear axle housing 10 at "intermediate 17 condition" and controls the hydraulic cylinder 23 only.
18 In this embodiment. the yawing and steering mecha-19 nisms are all provided on the rear wheel side, however these may be furnished on the front wheel side. Further, in this 21 embodiment, the hydraulic cylinder for yawing the rear axle 22 housing is constituted by a pair of cylinders integrally 23 connected with each other on a common axis, however this pair 24 of cylinders may be connected integrally in parallel with each other.
26 ~ Summarizing the steering system of the working 21~~~~~~
1 vehicle according to the present invention, since the steer-2 ing system is constituted such that the wheels are steered 3 according to the Ackermann steering mechanism while the axle 4 housing having those wheels is in a yawed condition against S the longitudinal center line of the vehicle, it is possible 6 to acquire a substantially large absolute steering angle and 7 a minimal turning radius. Further, since the axle housing is 8 yawed by the expansion force or contraction force of the 9 hydraulic. cylinder, the axle housing can make a quick yaw motion, thereby the working vehicle can perform a swift U-11 turn. Further, since the hydraulic cylinder comprises a pair 12 of cylinders each of which is operated independently, the 13 length of the hydraulic cylinder can be selected at three 14 positions, a most expanded condition, a most contracted condition and an intermediate condition and fixed at these 16 three positions respectively, whereby the absolute steering 17 angle of the wheels can be controlled accurately and a cor-18 rect steering operation can be attained. The correct steering 19 operation is important when the working vehicle attempts to catch the next mowing pass properly. Further, since the axle 21 housing is yawed while the relative steering angle of the 22 wheels is zero, the wheels never produce side slips damaging 23 the lawn, when the axle housing is yawed. Furthermore, since 24 the steertng system according to the present invention has a simple construction, the weight of the vehicle can be reduced 26 and!therefore less damages are provided on the lawn.
21~~~~ j3 1 While the presently preferred embodiment of the 2 present invention has been shown and described, it is to be 3 understood that this disclosure is for the purpose illus-of 4 tration and that var ious changes and modifications may be made without departin g from the scope of the inventionas set 6 forth in the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A steering system for a vehicle having a chassis and an engine mounted on said vehicle for driving said vehi-cle, comprising:
an axle housing rotatably jointed with said vehi-cle for swinging about a swinging axis fixed to said chassis in a horizontal plane so as to steer said vehicle;
a king pin axis connected with a left and right end of said axle housing respectively;
a steering wheel rotatably connected about said king pin axis with said axle housing so as to steer said vehicle;
swinging means for swinging said axle housing in a horizontal plane about said swinging axis while said steering wheel is fixed at a neutral position so as to reduce a turn-ing radius of said vehicle; and rotating means for rotating said steering wheel about said king pin axis so as to steer said vehicle while said axle housing is fixed about said swinging axis.
an axle housing rotatably jointed with said vehi-cle for swinging about a swinging axis fixed to said chassis in a horizontal plane so as to steer said vehicle;
a king pin axis connected with a left and right end of said axle housing respectively;
a steering wheel rotatably connected about said king pin axis with said axle housing so as to steer said vehicle;
swinging means for swinging said axle housing in a horizontal plane about said swinging axis while said steering wheel is fixed at a neutral position so as to reduce a turn-ing radius of said vehicle; and rotating means for rotating said steering wheel about said king pin axis so as to steer said vehicle while said axle housing is fixed about said swinging axis.
2. A steering system for a vehicle having a chassis and an engine mounted on said vehicle for driving said vehi-cle, comprising:
an axle housing rotatably jointed with said vehi-cle for swinging about a swinging axis fixed to said chassis in a horizontal plane so as to steer said vehicle;
a king pin axis connected with a left and right end of said axle housing respectively;
a steering wheel rotatably connected about said king pin axis with said axle housing so as to steer said vehicle;
first swinging means for swinging said axle hous-ing in a horizontal plane about said swinging axis at a specified swinging angle and for fixing said axle housing at said swinging angle while said steering wheel is fixed at a neutral position so as to reduce a turning radius of said vehicle;
first rotating means for rotating said steering wheel about said king pin axis at a specified steering angle and for fixing said steering wheel at said specified steering angle while said axle housing is fixed at said specified swinging angle;
second rotating means for rotating said steering wheel from said specified steering angle back to a neutral position and fixing said steering wheel at said neutral position;
second swinging means for swinging said axle housing in a horizontal plane from said specified swinging angle to a position where said axle housing and a lengthwise center line of said vehicle meet orthogonally and for fixing said axle housing at said position; and third rotating means for rotating said steering wheel about said king pin axis discretionally while said axle housing is fixed at said position.
an axle housing rotatably jointed with said vehi-cle for swinging about a swinging axis fixed to said chassis in a horizontal plane so as to steer said vehicle;
a king pin axis connected with a left and right end of said axle housing respectively;
a steering wheel rotatably connected about said king pin axis with said axle housing so as to steer said vehicle;
first swinging means for swinging said axle hous-ing in a horizontal plane about said swinging axis at a specified swinging angle and for fixing said axle housing at said swinging angle while said steering wheel is fixed at a neutral position so as to reduce a turning radius of said vehicle;
first rotating means for rotating said steering wheel about said king pin axis at a specified steering angle and for fixing said steering wheel at said specified steering angle while said axle housing is fixed at said specified swinging angle;
second rotating means for rotating said steering wheel from said specified steering angle back to a neutral position and fixing said steering wheel at said neutral position;
second swinging means for swinging said axle housing in a horizontal plane from said specified swinging angle to a position where said axle housing and a lengthwise center line of said vehicle meet orthogonally and for fixing said axle housing at said position; and third rotating means for rotating said steering wheel about said king pin axis discretionally while said axle housing is fixed at said position.
3. A steering system for a vehicle having a chassis and an engine mounted on said vehicle for driving said vehi-cle, comprising:
an axle housing rotatably jointed with said vehi-cle for swinging about a swinging axis fixed to said chassis in a horizontal plane so as to steer said vehicle;
a king pin axis connected with a left and right end of said axle housing respectively;
an Ackermann steering mechanism provided in said axle housing for steering said vehicle according to an Acker-mann's steering condition so as to turn said vehicle smoothly without causing a side slip;
a steering wheel rotatably connected about said king pin axis with said axle housing so as to steer said vehicle according to said Ackermann steering mechanism;
swinging means for swinging said axle housing in a horizontal plane about said axis while said steering wheel is fixed at a neutral position so as to reduce a turning radius of said vehicle; and rotating means for rotating said steering wheel about said king pin axis so as to steer said vehicle while said axle housing is fixed.
an axle housing rotatably jointed with said vehi-cle for swinging about a swinging axis fixed to said chassis in a horizontal plane so as to steer said vehicle;
a king pin axis connected with a left and right end of said axle housing respectively;
an Ackermann steering mechanism provided in said axle housing for steering said vehicle according to an Acker-mann's steering condition so as to turn said vehicle smoothly without causing a side slip;
a steering wheel rotatably connected about said king pin axis with said axle housing so as to steer said vehicle according to said Ackermann steering mechanism;
swinging means for swinging said axle housing in a horizontal plane about said axis while said steering wheel is fixed at a neutral position so as to reduce a turning radius of said vehicle; and rotating means for rotating said steering wheel about said king pin axis so as to steer said vehicle while said axle housing is fixed.
4. A steering system for a vehicle having a chassis and an engine mounted on said vehicle for driving said vehi-cle, comprising:
an axle housing rotatably jointed with said vehi-cle for swinging about a swinging axis fixed to said chassis in a horizontal plane so as to steer said vehicle;
a king pin axis connected with a left and right end of said axle housing respectively;
an Ackermann steering mechanism provided in said axle housing for steering said vehicle according to an Acker-mann's steering condition so as to turn said vehicle smoothly without causing a side slip;
a steering wheel rotatably connected about said king pin axis with said axle housing so as to steer said vehicle according to said Ackermann steering mechanism;
first swinging means for swinging said axle hous-ing in a horoizontal plane about said swinging axis at a specified swinging angle and for fixing said axle housing at said swinging angle while said steering wheel is fixed at a neutral position;
first rotating means for rotating said steering wheel about said king pin axis at a specified steering angle and for fixing said steering wheel at said specified steering angle while said axle housing is fixed at said specified swinging angle;
second rotating means for rotating said steering wheel from said steering angle back to a neutral position and fixing said steering wheel at said neutral position;
second swinging means for swinging said axle housing in a horizontal plane from said specified swinging angle to a position where said axle housing and a lengthwise center line of said vehicle meet orthogonally and for fixing said axle housing at said position; and third rotating means for rotating said steering wheel about said king pin axis discretionally while said axle housing is fixed at said position.
an axle housing rotatably jointed with said vehi-cle for swinging about a swinging axis fixed to said chassis in a horizontal plane so as to steer said vehicle;
a king pin axis connected with a left and right end of said axle housing respectively;
an Ackermann steering mechanism provided in said axle housing for steering said vehicle according to an Acker-mann's steering condition so as to turn said vehicle smoothly without causing a side slip;
a steering wheel rotatably connected about said king pin axis with said axle housing so as to steer said vehicle according to said Ackermann steering mechanism;
first swinging means for swinging said axle hous-ing in a horoizontal plane about said swinging axis at a specified swinging angle and for fixing said axle housing at said swinging angle while said steering wheel is fixed at a neutral position;
first rotating means for rotating said steering wheel about said king pin axis at a specified steering angle and for fixing said steering wheel at said specified steering angle while said axle housing is fixed at said specified swinging angle;
second rotating means for rotating said steering wheel from said steering angle back to a neutral position and fixing said steering wheel at said neutral position;
second swinging means for swinging said axle housing in a horizontal plane from said specified swinging angle to a position where said axle housing and a lengthwise center line of said vehicle meet orthogonally and for fixing said axle housing at said position; and third rotating means for rotating said steering wheel about said king pin axis discretionally while said axle housing is fixed at said position.
5. The steering system according to claim 1. wherein said swinging means for swinging said axle housing comprise a hydraulic cylinder for applying a force to swing said axle housing about said swinging axis. a solenoid oper-ated directional control valve for controlling said hydraulic cylinder and an electronic control apparatus for controlling said directional control valve.
6. The steering system according to claim 2, wherein said first swinging means for swinging said axle housing and for fixing said axle housing at said swinging angle comprise a hydraulic cylinder for swinging said axle housing about said axis and for fixing said axle housing at said swinging angle, a solenoid operated directional control valve for controlling said hydraulic cylinder and an elec-tronic control apparatus for controlling said directional control valve.
7. The steering system according to claim 2, wherein said second swinging means for swinging said axle housing from said specified swinging angle to said position and for fixing said axle housing at said position comprise a hydraulic cylinder for swinging said axle housing about said axis and for fixing said axle housing at said swinging angle, a solenoid operated directional control valve for controlling said hydraulic cylinder and an electronic control apparatus for controlling said directional control valve.
8. A steering method of a vehicle having a chassis and an engine mounted on said vehicle for driving said vehi-cle, an axle housing rotatably jointed with said vehicle for swinging about a swinging axis fixed to said chassis in a horizontal plane so as to steer said vehicle, a king pin axis connected with a left and right end of said axle housing respectively and a steering wheel rotatably connected about said king pin axis with said axle housing so as to steer said vehicle, comprising the steps of:
swinging said axle housing in a horizontal plane about said swinging axis while said steering wheel is fixed at a neutral position so as to reduce a turning radius of said vehicle; and rotating said steering wheel about said king pin axis so as to steer said vehicle while said axle housing is fixed about said swinging axis.
swinging said axle housing in a horizontal plane about said swinging axis while said steering wheel is fixed at a neutral position so as to reduce a turning radius of said vehicle; and rotating said steering wheel about said king pin axis so as to steer said vehicle while said axle housing is fixed about said swinging axis.
9. A steering method of a vehicle having a chassis and an engine mounted on said vehicle for driving said vehi-cle, an axle housing rotatably jointed with said vehicle for swinging about a swinging axis fixed to said chassis in a horizontal plane so as to steer said vehicle, a king pin axis connected with a left and right end of said axle housing respectively and a steering wheel rotatably connected about said king pin axis with said axle housing so as to steer said vehicle, comprising the steps of:
swinging said axle housing in a horizontal plane about said swinging axis at a specified swinging angle and for fixing said axle housing at said swinging angle while said steering wheel is fixed at a neutral position so as to reduce a turning radius of said vehicle;
rotating said steering wheel about said king pin axis at a specified steering angle and for fixing said steer-ing wheel at said specified steering angle while said axle housing is fixed at said specified swinging angle;
rotating said steering wheel from said specified steering angle back to a neutral position and fixing said steering wheel at said neutral position;
swinging said axle housing in a horizontal plane from said specified swinging angle to a position where said axle housing and a lengthwise center line of said vehicle meet orthogonally and for fixing said axle housing at said position; and rotating said steering wheel about said king pin axis discretionally while said axle housing is fixed at said position.
swinging said axle housing in a horizontal plane about said swinging axis at a specified swinging angle and for fixing said axle housing at said swinging angle while said steering wheel is fixed at a neutral position so as to reduce a turning radius of said vehicle;
rotating said steering wheel about said king pin axis at a specified steering angle and for fixing said steer-ing wheel at said specified steering angle while said axle housing is fixed at said specified swinging angle;
rotating said steering wheel from said specified steering angle back to a neutral position and fixing said steering wheel at said neutral position;
swinging said axle housing in a horizontal plane from said specified swinging angle to a position where said axle housing and a lengthwise center line of said vehicle meet orthogonally and for fixing said axle housing at said position; and rotating said steering wheel about said king pin axis discretionally while said axle housing is fixed at said position.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US328695P | 1995-09-06 | 1995-09-06 | |
| US60/003,286 | 1995-09-06 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2164071A1 CA2164071A1 (en) | 1997-03-07 |
| CA2164071C true CA2164071C (en) | 2001-08-21 |
Family
ID=21705075
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002164071A Expired - Lifetime CA2164071C (en) | 1995-09-06 | 1995-11-29 | Optical communication system |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5933258A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0848873B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP3362228B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2164071C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69627165T2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1997009803A1 (en) |
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-
1995
- 1995-11-29 CA CA002164071A patent/CA2164071C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1996
- 1996-08-29 EP EP96927489A patent/EP0848873B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-08-29 DE DE69627165T patent/DE69627165T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-08-29 WO PCT/CA1996/000580 patent/WO1997009803A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1996-08-29 JP JP51071597A patent/JP3362228B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-09-04 US US08/707,440 patent/US5933258A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1997009803A1 (en) | 1997-03-13 |
| EP0848873B1 (en) | 2003-04-02 |
| DE69627165T2 (en) | 2003-11-13 |
| JPH10511250A (en) | 1998-10-27 |
| EP0848873A1 (en) | 1998-06-24 |
| CA2164071A1 (en) | 1997-03-07 |
| US5933258A (en) | 1999-08-03 |
| DE69627165D1 (en) | 2003-05-08 |
| JP3362228B2 (en) | 2003-01-07 |
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| EEER | Examination request | ||
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