CA2159991A1 - Encapsulated sodium percarbonate particles, method of producing them, and washing-agent, cleaning-agent and bleaching-agent compositions containing them - Google Patents

Encapsulated sodium percarbonate particles, method of producing them, and washing-agent, cleaning-agent and bleaching-agent compositions containing them

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Publication number
CA2159991A1
CA2159991A1 CA002159991A CA2159991A CA2159991A1 CA 2159991 A1 CA2159991 A1 CA 2159991A1 CA 002159991 A CA002159991 A CA 002159991A CA 2159991 A CA2159991 A CA 2159991A CA 2159991 A1 CA2159991 A1 CA 2159991A1
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CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
sodium percarbonate
weight
coating
particles
peroxygen
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
CA002159991A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Birgit Bertsch-Frank
Claas-Jurgen Klasen
Thomas Lieser
Klaus Muller
Martin Bewersdorf
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Evonik Operations GmbH
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of CA2159991A1 publication Critical patent/CA2159991A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B15/00—Peroxides; Peroxyhydrates; Peroxyacids or salts thereof; Superoxides; Ozonides
    • C01B15/055—Peroxyhydrates; Peroxyacids or salts thereof
    • C01B15/10—Peroxyhydrates; Peroxyacids or salts thereof containing carbon
    • C01B15/106—Stabilisation of the solid compounds, subsequent to the preparation or to the crystallisation, by additives or by coating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B15/00—Peroxides; Peroxyhydrates; Peroxyacids or salts thereof; Superoxides; Ozonides
    • C01B15/055—Peroxyhydrates; Peroxyacids or salts thereof
    • C01B15/10—Peroxyhydrates; Peroxyacids or salts thereof containing carbon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
    • C11D17/0039—Coated compositions or coated components in the compositions, (micro)capsules
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/39—Organic or inorganic per-compounds
    • C11D3/3942—Inorganic per-compounds

Abstract

Sodium percarbonate is often used, in the form of encapsulated particles, in washing and cleaning agents in order to increase their shelf life. Sodium percarbonate particles encapsulated as proposed by the invention have an envelope containing the products of the reaction between a di-alkali-metal tetraborate or alkali-metal pentaborate and aqueous hydrogen peroxide. Preferred envelope components are perborax compounds of the formula Na2B4O7.nH2O2 in which n is 1 or 4. The encapsulated sodium percarbonate particles are produced by coating the percarbonate particles using a solution containing the specified reaction products.
Washing, bleaching and cleaning agents containing sodium percarbonate particles encapsulated as proposed by the invention are characterized by their very long shelf life.

Description

Description - -This invention relates to coated sodium percarbonate particles, of which the coating contains a peroxygen-contAin;ng boron compound which imparts high storage stability to the sodium perc~rhon~te. The present invention also relates to a process for the production of the coated sodium percarbonate particles by application of one or more coating components, more particularly in the form of an aqueous solution con~ining them, to the sodium percarbonate to be coated and to detergent, cleaning and bleaching compositions contAin;ng coated sodium percarbonate particles according to the invention.
Sodium percarbonate (2 Na2CO3 3 H2O2) is used as an active oxygen component in detergents, bleaches and cleaning preparations. In view of the inadequate storage stability of sodium percarbonate in a humid environment and in the presence of various components of detergents and cleAn;ng preparations, sodium percarbonate has to be stabilized against the loss of active oxygen (O~). A key principle for stabilization is to ~LLound the sodium percarbonate particles with a coating of stabilizing components. Thus, it is known that sodium percarbonate can be coated with paraffin or polyethylene glycol.
Unfortunately, adequate long-term stability is not achieved in this way, in addition to which solubility in water is undesirably reduced. Even the application of a coating of alkali metal silicate to the sodium percar-bonate particles, as proposed in DE-OS 26 52 776, does not lead to adequate stabilization and, in addition, .

introduces an unwanted content of insoluble constituents.
In the processes known from DE-OS 24 17 572 and DE-OS 26 22 610, sodium sulfate and sodium carbonate or sodium sulfate, sodium carbonate and sodium silicate are used as coating components. In these processes, a solution of the coating components is sprayed onto sodium percar-bonate particles in a fluidized bed dryer. Adequate stabilization requires a large quantity of coating material which in turn leads to a correspon~ingly large reduction in the active oxygen content.
Although it is known from DE-PS 28 00 916 that a coating material cont~ining at least one boron compound from the group consisting of metaboric acid, orthoboric acid and tetraboric acid can be used for stabilizing sodium percarbonate, the stabilizing effect obtained in this way is described as inadequate in DE-OS 33 21 082, as demonstrated in the Comparison Examples. Instead, sodium percarbonate with a shell cont~ining sodium borate is described as advantageous. However, as the inventors of the present application discovered when copying the Examples of DE-OS 33 21 082, the borate and, optionally, other coating components - to achieve adequate stability - had to be present in the coating in such a quantity that the available active oxygen content of the sodium percarbonate thus stabilized was always below 14~ by weight. A further development of stabilization using borates is described in EP-A 0 487 256, although the coating process disclosed therein involves at least two stages and is therefore technically complicated.
Finally, DE-AS 24 58 326 describes a process for stabilizing sodium percarbonate, the storage stability of the pure product being increased, even in admixture with cleaning preparations. In this process, the sodium percarbonate is coated with a hydrophobic liquid organic compound to which sodium perborate powder is added. The - 21S999l disadvantage of this process lies in the need to use a hydrophobic liquid organic compound which has to be diluted with a lower alcohol in the interests of better handling. In addition, the quantities in which the coating chemicals are used, namely 5 to 20% by weight of sodium perborate and 5 to 10% by weight of hydrophobic organic com~o~.d, based on sodium percarbonate, are very high.
Coated sodium percarbonate particles consisting of a æodium percarbonate core and a coating of sodium perborate with the general formula NaB02 H202 n H20, where n is < 3, are known from DE-PS 26-51 442. Accord-ing to DE-PS 27 12 139, the coating may additionally contain sodium silicate and other water-binding substan-ces. To produce the coated sodium percarbonate particlesmentioned, sodium percarbonate is first wetted with water or an aqueous sodium silicate solution in such a small quantity that the sodium perborate is not converted into the tetrahydrate and is subsequently covered with an-hydrous sodium perborate. A further development of theprocess outlined above is described in DE-PS 28 iO 379 and comprises spraying sodium percarbonate with an aqueous solution of sodium perborate cont~;n;ng 50 to 500 g of sodium perborate tetrahydrate per liter of solution at 40 to 60C and with a sodium silicate solution and then completely or partly removing the water introduced.
As disclosed in hitherto unpublished German patent application P 43 06 399.3, the process described above can be considerably simplified by washing sodium percar-bonate produced by the wet method with a solution con-taining sodium perborate (NaB02 H202) in a solid/liquid separator after at least partial separation of the mother liquor. Despite the small quantity of coating required, high active oxygen stability is achieved in storage of the sodium percarbonate in admixture with a typical zeolite-containing detergent tower powder.
A coating containing perborate monohydrate or tetrahydrate has the advantage over a coating of sodium percarbonate with borates or boric acid that the active oxygen content of the sodium percarbonate particles is hardly affected.
The problem addressed by the present invention was further to improve the stabilization of sodium percar-bonate using new peroxygen-cont~;ning boron compounds and to provide new coated sodium percarbonate particles which, for the same boron content, would guarantee higher active oxygen stability in storage in admixture with detergent constituents than known sodium percarbonate particles having a perborate-cont~ining coating.
Accordingly, the present invention relates to coated sodium percarbonate particles consisting of a core of, essentially, sodium percarbonate and a coating containing at least one peroxygen-containing boron compound, charac-terized in that one or more reaction products from the reaction of a dialkali metal tetraborate or alkali metal pentaborate with aqueous hydrogen peroxide are present as the peroxygen-containing boron compound.
The core of the coated particles consists essential-ly of sodium percarbonate. By "essentially" is meant that the sodium percarbonate may contain secondary constituents from its production, such as for example soda and small quantities of sodium chloride and also crystallization retarders, for example a metaphosphate or a polycarboxylic acid and typical stabilizers, such as for example magnesium salts and sodium silicate. The term "essentially" also includes sodium percarbonate which already contains a coating of stabilizing compo-nents, for example selected from the group of phospho-nates, phosphates, soda, waterglass, magnesium salts, aminocarboxylates and aminophosphonates and also polymer-ic hydroxycarboxylates. In principle, any coatingcomponents already present may even be known boron compounds, although this does appear to be inappropriate where coated sodium percarbonate particles of low boron content are to be produced.
The sodium percarbonate to be used in the process according to the invention may-have been produced by a st~n~Ard process. St~n~rd production processes include in particular so-called wet processes in which soda and hydrogen peroxide are reacted in aqueous phase and sodium percarbonate is crystallized; and so-called spray proces-ses in which an aqueous solution containing soda and hydrogen peroxide is sprayed onto sodium percarbonate particles in a fluidized bed dryer; and so-called dry processes in which a concentrated hydrogen peroxide solution is reacted with anhydrous soda. If desired, a st~n~Ard production process may be followed by a standard coating process.
In their stabilizing shell, the coated sodium percarbonate particles according to the invention contain peroxygen-contA;ning reaction products which emanate from the reaction of a dialkali metal tetraborate or alkali metal pentaborate with aqueous hydrogen peroxide and which are completely or partly freed from water under st~n~rd drying conditions of correspondingly coated sodium percarbonate particles. The drying and water removal ph~ec may be accompanied by melting processes.
It is not yet known whether the resulting peroxygen-containing boron compounds are pure adducts of hydrogen peroxide with the tetraborate or pentaborate or compounds containing the structural element -B-0-0-H or -B-0-0-B-.
It may even be possible that the peroxygen-containing tetra- and pentaborate(s) undergo partial disproportiona-tion during the production-related drying process, so that a boric acid and a perborate containing the struc-tural element:

~~ ~~n~~{
~o~`o of `o~

known from so-called sodium perborate monohydrate may be present alongside one another in the coating.
According to Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 5th Edition (1985), Vol. A4, 2;70, the tetra-borates and pentaborates used for the formation of the peroxygen-contA;n;ng boron compounds mentioned above have the following anion structure:

_ HO--B O B--OH
o l~l ~B--O O--EI~

OH
The tetraborate and pentaborate contain lithium, sodium or potassium as cation, sodium being preferred.
Preferred coated sodium percarbonate particles contain a so-called perborax correspon~in~ to the general formula Na2B407 n Hz02 m H20, where n is an integer of 1 to 4 and m is an integer of 0 to 9, as the peroxygen-contA;n;ng boron compound in the coating. 2 To 4 mols of ~ydLoyen peroxide and 0 to 2 mols of water are preferably bound per mol of tetraborate. In a particularly prefer-red embodiment, the coating essentially contains Na2B~07 4 H20z.
In addition to the peroxygen-cont~; n ing perboron compounds according to the invention, such as in par-ticular perborax corresponding to the general formula NazB~O7 4 H2O2, the coating may additionally contain other known stabilizing coating components in uniform distribution, for example those already mentioned in the preamble. If desired, the coating according to the - 21S999l invention may be surrounded by other layers containing other stabilizers than the peroxygen-containing perboron compounds used in accordance with the invention and optionally by other layers containing individual consti-tuents of typical detergent and cleaning compositions,for example zeolites. These additional layers may have been applied to the sodium percarbonate particles coated in accordance with the invention by standard methods, i.e. in particular by spray, mixing and granulation processes.
The sodium percarbonate particles coated in accord-ance with the invention may contain widely varying quantities of coating material. Although quantities of 1 to more than 30% by weight, based on sodium percar-bonate, are possible, quantities of 1 to 10~ by weightand preferably 2 to 6~ by weight of coating material have proved to be advantageous in practice. On the one hand, these limited quantities provide for adequate stabiliza-tion of the sodium percarbonate against losses of active oxygen during storage in humid conditions in the presence of typical detergent, cleaning and bleaching composi-tions; on the other hand, the boron content of the coated sodium percarbonate remains at a low level.
As already mentioned, the single-layer or multiple layer coating of the sodium percarbonate particles according to the invention may contain other coating components in addition to the reaction products of hydrogen peroxide with a tetraborate or pentaborate.
Advantageously, the coating as a whole contains more than 50% by weight and, in particular, more than 70% by weight of the above-mentioned reaction products of hydrogen peroxide with a tetraborate or pentaborate and less than 50% by weight and in particular less than 30% by weight of other stabilizing compounds. Sodium percarbonate particles coated in accordance with the invention with a single coating layer essentially containing only the peroxygen-containing boron compounds to be used in accordance with the invention show an extremely high level of stability in storage in the presence of deter-gent tower powders which is not achieved where st~n~rdperborate is used on its own, despite the same boron content. This is extremely surprising because perborax with the formula Na2B407 4 H202 is ~ess stable as such than sodium perborate monohydrate for example.
The sodium percarbonate particles coated in accord-ance with the invention may be obtained by application of at least one peroxygen-contA;ning boron compound and, if desired, other coating components, preferably using an aqueous solution cont~; n i~g the coating components, to particles consisting essentially of sodium percarbonate and, if nec~ccAry~ drying the resulting moist particles.
The process is characterized in that one or more reaction products from the reaction of a dialkali metal tetra-borate or alkali metal pentaborate with aqueous hydrogen peroxide is used as the peroxygen-containing boron compound.
The coating components are preferably applied to the sodium percarbonate particles in the form of one or more aqueous solutions. The reaction mixture from the reac-tion of a tetraborate or pentaborate with hydrogenperoxide is best directly used.
If desired, the boron compounds cont~in;ng active oxygen may be recovered from the reaction mixture in the form of a further concentrated solution or even as a solid by partial or complete evaporation of the water present and may be used as such for the process according to the invention. The reaction mixture is best directly prepared in such a way that the desired concentration of peroxygen-containing boron compounds is maintained. By virtue of the high solubility of the reaction products of tetraborates and pentaborates with hydrogen peroxide, highly concentrated solutions of the peroxygen-containing boron compounds are obtained. Solutions such as these have the advantage that, when they are applied to sodium percarbonate particles by a spray nozzle, no blockages of the spray nozzle and hence no malfunctions occur. At the same time, only a small quantity of water has to be removed in the drying process. In the preparation of the reaction mixture, the reactants are used in such a guan-tity that an atomic ratio of boron to active oxygen of1:0.2 to 1:1.5 is obtained. However, an atomic ratio of boron to active oxygen of 1:0.5 to 1:1.25 is preferred, an atomic ratio of 1 to substantially 1 being particular-ly preferred. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the solution to be applied to the sodium percarbonate particles contains a perborax with the general formula Na2B407 n H202, where n is an integer of 1 to 4, prefer-ably 2 to 4 and, more preferably, approximately 4. Where a solution cont~;n;~g Na2B407 4 H202 is used, it is of advantage if the solution additionally contains a small excess of hydrogen peroxide corresponding to an atomic ratio of boron to active oxygen of approximately 1:1.05 to 1.15. Solutions such as these may readily be obtained by introducing borax with stirring into an aqueous hydro-gen peroxide solution. Solutions cont~;n;ng, for exam-ple, 20 to 50% by weight and, more particularly, 25 to 40% by weight of perborax with the formula Na2B407 n H202, where n is an integer of 2 to 4, can be prepared in this way for the process according to the invention.
The peroxygen-containing boron compound to be used in accordance with the invention may be continuously or discontinuously applied to particles consisting essen-tially of sodium percarbonate in one or more stages by standard methods. The particles to be coated may either be dry or may contain residual moisture from their -production process. Accordingly, it is even possible to use, for example, centrifuge-moist or partly dried sodium percarbonate. Coated sodium percarbonate particles according to the invention may be obtained by mixing surface-moist sodium percarbonate with powder-form perborax and, if nec~sCAry~ subsequent drying. However, it is of greater advantage to-apply a solution of the coating components to sodium percarbonate particles.
Suitable proc~Ccec are, for example: spraying a solution onto the particles with simultaneous mixing; suitable mixers are, for example, spray mixers, such as rotating tubes, tumble mixers, pan granulators. In an alternative to the embodiment mentioned above, sodium percarbonate produced in a wet process is treated with an aqueous solution containing a peroxygen-cont~ining boron compound according to the invention in a washing installation, for example a solid/liquid separator, and the product thus treated is dried after the removal of excess solution.
This embodiment corresponds to the embodiment according to hitherto unpublished German patent application P 43 06 399.3 except that a solution contA;n;ng sodium perborate (NaB02 H202) is used in the process according to the earlier application. In one particularly advantageous embodiment of the process according to the invention, the aqueous solution is sprayed onto the particles to be coated in a fluidized bed in which the particles are kept in a fluidized state. The particles moistened with the solution sprayed on are simultaneously or subsequently dried. Where a fluidized bed arrangement is used, spraying and drying may be carried out at the same time by using air heated to the drying temperature for fluid-ization .
The solution cont~;n;ng the peroxygen-containing boron compounds to be used in accordance with the inven-tion and optionally other coating components may be at room temperature or at a temperature of up to about 60Cduring the spraying process. Where particularly highly concentrated solutions are used, it is best to heat them, preferably to a temperature of 30 to 50C. Where the solution to be used is prepared from a tetraborate or pentaborate and hydrogen peroxide, the temperature of the solution immediately before it is used will be approxi-mately in the range mentioned under the effect of the heat of solution and the heat of reaction. Instead of preparing the solution from the reactants, it may also be produced by dissolving perborax with the empirical formula Na2B407 4 H202, as described for example in DE-PS 548 432, in water; up to l kg perborax can be dis-solved in 1 liter of water at room temperature.
The moist coated sodium percarbonate obtained by spraying is dried under conditions typically applied in the drying of sodium percarbonate. Accordingly, the drying temperature is in the range from 30 to 90C, preferably in the range from 50 to 80C and more prefer-ably in the range from 50 to 70C. The drying tempera-ture is understood to be the temperature of the particles to be dried. Accordingly, in the particularly preferred embodiment where the process is carried out in a fluid-ized dryer, the fluidized bed temperature is in the above-mentioned temperature range. The temperature at which the drying gas enters the fluidized dryer will therefore be above the fluidized bed temperature.
The sodium percarbonate particles coated in accord-ance with the invention may be used as bleaching com-ponent in detergents, cleaning and bleaching composi-tions. Detergent, cleaning and bleaching compositions containing sodium percarbonate particles coated in accordance with the invention are distinguished by the fact that the sodium percarbonate present therein has an unexpectedly high storage stability, so that there is only a very gradual loss of active oxygen during the storage of such compositions under typical conditions.
The storage stability of sodium percarbonate coated in accordance with the invention in the compositions men-tioned exceeds the level obtained with known coatedsodium percarbonate particles for comparable quantities of coating material and a high starting 0, content.
The detergent, cle~ning and bleaching compositions cont~in;ng sodium percarbonate coated in accor~nce with the invention consist of 1 to 99% by weight of the coated sodium percarbonate and, for the rest (h~l~nce to 100% by weight), of other typical components of such composi-tions. Whereas the content of sodium percarbonate in detergents generally does not exceed 20% by weight, it lS may be distinctly higher in bleaching and cleaning compositions.
The detergent, cleaning and bleaching compositions cont~in;ng sodium percarbonate coated in accordance with the invention contain other components typical of such compositions in the usual concentrations in addition to the active oxygen compound mentioned above. The other components in question include in particular 1. surfactants from the group of cationic, anionic, nonionic, amphoteric or ampholytic surfactants;
2. inorganic and/or organic builders of which the main function is to sequester or complex the metal ions responsible for the hardness of water, for example zeolites, polyphosphates, aminopolyacetic acids and aminopolyphosphonic acids and also polyoxycarboxylic acids;
3. alkaline and inorganic electrolytes, such as for example alkanolamines and silicates, carbonates and sulfates;
4. bleach activators from the group of N-acyl compounds and O-acyl compounds, for example tetraacetyl ethylenediamine (TAED);
5. other constituents of the compositions may be stabilizers for peroxides, such as in particular magnesium salts, redeposition inhibitors, optical brighteners, foam inhibitors, enzymes, disinfec-tants, corrosion inhibitors, fragrances, dyes and pH
regulators. Particulars of individual compounds b~longing to classes 1 to 5 can be found, for example, in DE-OS 33 21 082, pages 14-30.
The sodium percarbonate particles coated in accord-ance with the invention show surprisingly high active oxygen stability both per se and in admixture with detergent, cleaning and bleaching compositions. This high degree of stability is surprisingly achieved with a quantity of coating material of a few percent, based on sodium percarbonate. Although it was known that boric acids, borates and sodium perborate were extremely effective as coating components, the effectiveness of the peroxygen-containing boron compounds preferably used in accordance with the invention eyce~c that of known boron compounds. The process according to the invention may be carried out very simply: by virtue of the very high solubility of perborax and other peroxygen-containing boron compounds to be used in accordance with the inven-tion, an effective coating layer can be obtained in a single process step. In addition, there are no malfunc-tions attributable to blockage of the nozzle. The consumption of energy for drying is also kept very low.
The invention is illustrated by the following Examples.

Example 1 Sodium percarbonate produced by reaction of soda with hydrogen peroxide in aqueous phase and having an active oxygen content (a) of 14.2% by weight was coated in a mixer with a solution cont~;n;ng perborax corre-spon~ing to the general formula Na2B407 4 H202:
The coating solution is prepared by dissolving 100.2 g of borax (Na2B407 lQ H20) in 115.4 g of a 35% by weight aqueous hydrogen peroxide-solution with stirring and moderate spontaneous heating. The solution contains 41%
by weight of Na2B407 4 H20 and 2.2% by weight of H202.
The atomic ratio of boron to active oxygen in the solution is 1:1.13.
1500 g of sodium percarbonate are sprayed with 183 g of the above-mentioned solution in a laboratory plough-share mixer and the moist product is dried at 60C in a fluidized bed dryer.
0~ content of the coated sodium percarbonate: 14.4%
by weight; boron content of the coated sodium percar-bonate: 0.61% by weight, calculated from the quantity of Na2B407 4 H202 applied and based on coated sodium percar-bonate. The a stability of the coated sodium percar-bonate added to a commercial zeolite-cont~;n;ng detergent tower powder (Persil Supra TP) - 15 parts by weight of coated sodium percarbonate and 85 parts by weight of tower powder - during storage of the mixture under humid conditions in detergent packs is shown in the Table.
Example 2 Sodium percarbonate (according to Example 1) was sprayed with a perborax (Na2B407 4 H202)-containing solution and simultaneously dried in a fluidized bed dryer.

The solution was prepared by dissolving borax in 19.5% by weight H202 solution. Content of Na2B407 4 H202 31.2~ by weight; atomic ratio of boron to active oxygen 1:1. The solution was sprayed onto the percarbonate through a two-component nozzle at a fluidized bed temper-ature of 50-C (entry temperature of the drying air llO-C). The quantity sprayed corresponded to 5 parts by weight of perborax per 100 parts by weight of sodium percarbonate; O.content of the coated sodium percarbonate 14.2% by weight. The a stability of the coated sodium percarbonate added to a detergent powder is shown in the Table (tower powder and mixing ratio as in Example 1).

Example 3 Example 2 was repeated with the difference that the spray solution contained perborax with the formula Na2B407 2 H202; content 28.7% by weight; atomic ratio of boron to active oxygen 1:1.
Quantity of coating 5% by weight, based on sodium percarbonate. a content of the coated sodium percar-bonate 14.0% by weight. The a stability in a detergent tower powder is again shown in the Table (tower powder and mixing ratio as in Example 1).

Example 4 Centrifuge-moist sodium percarbonate - prepared by reaction of soda with hydrogen peroxide in aqueous phase in the presence of sodium chloride and sodium hexameta-phosphate and crystallization - was aftertreated in the centrifuge by washing with a perborax solution (33% by weight, based on Na2B407 4 H202) after removal of the mother liquor and subsequently dried in a fluidized bed dryer. The quantity of Na2B407 4 H202 applied corre-sponded to 2.5% by weight, based on sodium percarbonate.
The boron content was approximately 0.3~ by weight. The .
-a content of the coated percarbonate was 14.2% by weight.
The storage stability is shown in the Table.

Comparison Example ~
Sodium percarbonate was coated with 5% by weight of orthoboric acid, based on sodium percarbonate, by the process according to DE-PS 28 00 916 (see Example A6 of this document). a content of the coated sodium percar-bonate 13.4% by weight; boron content, based on coated sodium percarbonate, 0.83% by weight. The stability data during storage in the detergent mixture are shown in the Table.

Comparison Example 2 Sodium percarbonate was sprayed with an a~ueous borax solution (concentration 35% by weight) in a mixer (as in Example 1), the quantity of borax sprayed on amounting to 5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of sodium percarbonate. The material was then dried at 70C.
a content 13.5% by weight; boron content of the coated percarbonate 0.55% by weight, calculated from the borax applied on the assumption that borax was converted into Na2B407 5 H20 during drying.
Comparison Example 3 Sodium percarbonate was coated with sodium perborate and waterglass in accordance with DE-PS 28 10 379. The quantity of coating corresponded to 6% by weight of sodium perborate monohydrate and 1% by weight of water-glass. a content of the coated sodium percarbonate 14.3%
by weight;= boron content of the coated sodium percar-bonate (calculated from the quantity of NaB02 H202 applied) 0.62% by weight. The stability data in a detergent composition are shown in the Table.

To evaluate stability, coated sodium percarbonate of the Examples and Comparison Examples was stored in admixture with a commercial phosphate-free but zeolite-cont~;n;ng-detergent tower powder (Persil Supra TP) -mixing ratio 15:85 - in sealed detergent packs (0.4 1) ~ placed in a climatic chamber at a constant 30C/80%
relative humidity. The results of the active oxygen measurements of the mixtures carried out in the usual way at the beginn;ng and after storage for 2, 4 and 8 weeks are shown in the Table. For substantially the same boron content, sodium percarbonate particles coated in accord-ance with the invention show a higher stability in storage than the sodium percarbonate particles coated with boric acid, borax or perborate monohydrate.

~n x U --~ .. . .
~ ~o o ~ ~1 ~1 o -.C .
~ In ~ ~- ~ ~o o o ~
o oo a~ o _ _ C ~ ~
~Q i o I`
R

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R ~
~ J
--~ ~ er ~ o ~ ~ U~ ~

R ~1 ~q ~ 0 0 0 J ~
~ O ~ o o o o o o o wX V ~ r o~
R ~ o d~ ~ ~
E~m o ~n v ~J N ~1 N O

~ O
'_ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 ~1 ~ ~
R a:~ ~ m~
u,~-- zu~ z~ Zu. z~ m~ z~ z~O

~ o ,1 ,I h ~1 ~7 X O O X

Claims (10)

CLAIMS:
1. Coated sodium percarbonate particles consisting of a core of, essentially, sodium percarbonate and a coating containing at least one peroxygen-containing boron compound, characterized in that one or more reaction products from the reaction of a dialkali metal tetra-borate or alkali metal pentaborate with aqueous hydrogen peroxide are present as the peroxygen-containing boron compound.
2. Coated sodium percarbonate particles as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the peroxygen-containing boron compound in the coating is a perborax with the general formula Na2B4O7 n H2O2 m H2O, where n is an integer of 1 to 4 and preferably 2 to 4 and m is an integer of 0 to 9 and preferably 0 to 2.
3. Coated sodium percarbonate particles as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the quantity of coating, based on sodium percarbonate, makes up 1 to 10%
by weight and preferably 2 to 6% by weight.
4. Coated sodium percarbonate particles as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the coating consists of more than 50% by weight and preferably more than 70% by weight of the reaction products of hydrogen peroxide with a tetraborate or pentaborate and less than 50% by weight and preferably less than 30% by weight of other stabilizing compounds.
5. A process for the production of coated sodium percarbonate particles consisting of a core of, essen-tially, sodium percarbonate and a coating of one or more coating components, including at least one peroxygen-containing boron compound, by application of at least one peroxygen-containing boron compound and, if required, other coating components, preferably using an aqueous solution containing the coating components, to particles consisting essentially of sodium percarbonate and, if necessary, drying of the moist particles, characterized in that one or more reaction products from the reaction of a dialkali metal tetraborate or alkali metal penta-borate with aqueous hydrogen peroxide is used as the peroxygen-containing boron compound.
6. A process as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the reaction products mentioned are used in the form of an aqueous solution, preferably of the reaction mixture, the solution mentioned containing boron and active oxygen in an atomic ratio of 1:0.2 to 1:1.5, preferably 1:0.5 to 1:1.25 and more preferably 1:sub-stantially 1.
7. A process as claimed in claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the solution to be applied contains a perborax with the general formula Na2B4O7 n H2O2, where n is an integer of 1 to 4 and preferably 2 to 4.
8. A process as claimed in any of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the solution to be applied contains 20 to 50% by weight and more particularly 25 to 40% by weight of perborax with the general formula Na2B4O7 n H2O2, where n is an integer of 2 to 4, more particularly 4.
9. A process as claimed in any of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that an aqueous solution containing the peroxygen-containing boron compound is sprayed onto particles consisting essentially of sodium percarbonate either in a mixer or in a fluidized bed dryer and the resulting moist particles are simultaneously or subse-quently dried at 30 to 90°C and preferably at 50 to 80°C.
10. Detergent, cleaning and bleaching compositions containing coated sodium percarbonate particles according to any of claims 1 to 3 or obtained by the process claimed in claims 4 to 9.
CA002159991A 1993-04-10 1994-02-28 Encapsulated sodium percarbonate particles, method of producing them, and washing-agent, cleaning-agent and bleaching-agent compositions containing them Abandoned CA2159991A1 (en)

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