CA2156671A1 - Thermostable polarizers - Google Patents
Thermostable polarizersInfo
- Publication number
- CA2156671A1 CA2156671A1 CA 2156671 CA2156671A CA2156671A1 CA 2156671 A1 CA2156671 A1 CA 2156671A1 CA 2156671 CA2156671 CA 2156671 CA 2156671 A CA2156671 A CA 2156671A CA 2156671 A1 CA2156671 A1 CA 2156671A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- polarizer
- silane
- polarizing
- silicate
- poly
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
- C08J7/04—Coating
- C08J7/0427—Coating with only one layer of a composition containing a polymer binder
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/04—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of organic materials, e.g. plastics
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
- G02B5/3033—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/42—Polarizing, birefringent, filtering
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2331/00—Polyvinylesters
- B32B2331/04—Polymers of vinyl acetate, e.g. PVA
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2551/00—Optical elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2349/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more carbon-to-carbon triple bonds; Derivatives of such polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2483/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Derivatives of such polymers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/91—Product with molecular orientation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31652—Of asbestos
- Y10T428/31663—As siloxane, silicone or silane
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31652—Of asbestos
- Y10T428/31667—Next to addition polymer from unsaturated monomers, or aldehyde or ketone condensation product
Abstract
Thermostable, flexible polarizers having a polarizing layer of a polyacetylene-containing polymer are obtained if their surfaces are sealed by means of silicate layers.
Description
A-G5974-US 2~$~
AGFA-GEVAERT
Al~ L~ h ~f~ 51373 Leverkusen P ': ' Ha/klu/S-P
5 T~( . ' '~ Polarizers BACKGROUND OF TE[E INVENTION
The invention relates to thermostable, flexible polarizers containing a polarizing layer of a polyacetylene-(PAC)-containing polymer (POLPAC) having a silicate-sealed surface. The invention furthermore relates to polarizers of this type which 10 are additionally bonded to outer layers.
US 4 818 624 describes the ct:~hjlj7~til~n of light polarizers by surface silylation with an organosilane. The effect is inadequate, since bleaching and colour shifts are observed after 24 hours at only 49 to 74C (120 to 165F).
The production of laminates from various subskates with adhesion layers between the latter has been disclosed. US 5,049,427 describes laminated polarizers con-taining a polarizing core layer of a PAC-containing polymer and Ll~l~ol~uL outerlayers, the layers being bonded by means of a specific p~lyul~Lllalle-polyurea Although POLPAC polarizers already have excellent properties, the stability under exkeme conditions is still ,,.. ,;~r,.,.~l,,y After storage at 90C for 500 hours, the 20 polarizer has changed in its tr~n~ irm of u-~ol~i~-~d light, the change in kansmission ~TUnpol being greater than 5%.
llowever, use in optical displays subjected to a particularly high degree of heating (for example dashboards in automobiles) is only possible if the deterioration in the optical properties ~TUnpol and ~P of the polarizer under these conditions is at most 25 5%, where ~P is the change in the degree of polarization. Constant optical properties of POLPAC polarizers at 100C for 1000 hours after bonding between glass plates have been described. However, such laminate systems are less suitable . 21~71 for the production of displays where flexible polarizers are preferred, both with respect to the processing properties and for the production of flexible plastic displays.
SUMMARY OF TE[E INVENTION
5 The object of the invention was therefore to produce laminated polarizers based on a PAC-containing polymer which satisfy the abovementioned conditions.
Surprisingly, it has now been found that this object can be achieved if the POLPAC
polarizer is sealed on its surface by means of a silicate layer.
The invention furthermore relates to a laminated, fexible polarizer romrri~in~ a10 polarizing core layer of a PAC-containing polymer and transparent, fiexible outer layers applied to both sides, ..l,~ .,L~ d in that the core layer and the outer layers are bonded by means of a silicate layer, and the polarizer laminated in this manner is flexible.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF TEIE INVENTION
15 The silicate layer means that the polarizer can also be used for lamination to glass plates, optical lenses or prisms. If the polarizer is bonded on one side to a glass display or another glass element by means of an organic adhesive, it is sufficient to protect its free surface by means of a silicate layer.
The silicate layers are preferably applied to the core layer and or tbe outer layers in 20 the form of an aqueous solution.
Suitable aqueous solutions of silicates are known aqueous solutions of sodium water glass and potassium water glass.
Conventional types of sodium water glass have solids contents of from 25 to 60%
by weight and SiO2 contents of from 20 to 40% by weight, the remainder of the 25 solids content being Na2O, and conventional types of potassium water glass have solids contents of from 25 to 40% by weight and SiO2 contents of from 20 to 30%
AGFA-GEVAERT
Al~ L~ h ~f~ 51373 Leverkusen P ': ' Ha/klu/S-P
5 T~( . ' '~ Polarizers BACKGROUND OF TE[E INVENTION
The invention relates to thermostable, flexible polarizers containing a polarizing layer of a polyacetylene-(PAC)-containing polymer (POLPAC) having a silicate-sealed surface. The invention furthermore relates to polarizers of this type which 10 are additionally bonded to outer layers.
US 4 818 624 describes the ct:~hjlj7~til~n of light polarizers by surface silylation with an organosilane. The effect is inadequate, since bleaching and colour shifts are observed after 24 hours at only 49 to 74C (120 to 165F).
The production of laminates from various subskates with adhesion layers between the latter has been disclosed. US 5,049,427 describes laminated polarizers con-taining a polarizing core layer of a PAC-containing polymer and Ll~l~ol~uL outerlayers, the layers being bonded by means of a specific p~lyul~Lllalle-polyurea Although POLPAC polarizers already have excellent properties, the stability under exkeme conditions is still ,,.. ,;~r,.,.~l,,y After storage at 90C for 500 hours, the 20 polarizer has changed in its tr~n~ irm of u-~ol~i~-~d light, the change in kansmission ~TUnpol being greater than 5%.
llowever, use in optical displays subjected to a particularly high degree of heating (for example dashboards in automobiles) is only possible if the deterioration in the optical properties ~TUnpol and ~P of the polarizer under these conditions is at most 25 5%, where ~P is the change in the degree of polarization. Constant optical properties of POLPAC polarizers at 100C for 1000 hours after bonding between glass plates have been described. However, such laminate systems are less suitable . 21~71 for the production of displays where flexible polarizers are preferred, both with respect to the processing properties and for the production of flexible plastic displays.
SUMMARY OF TE[E INVENTION
5 The object of the invention was therefore to produce laminated polarizers based on a PAC-containing polymer which satisfy the abovementioned conditions.
Surprisingly, it has now been found that this object can be achieved if the POLPAC
polarizer is sealed on its surface by means of a silicate layer.
The invention furthermore relates to a laminated, fexible polarizer romrri~in~ a10 polarizing core layer of a PAC-containing polymer and transparent, fiexible outer layers applied to both sides, ..l,~ .,L~ d in that the core layer and the outer layers are bonded by means of a silicate layer, and the polarizer laminated in this manner is flexible.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF TEIE INVENTION
15 The silicate layer means that the polarizer can also be used for lamination to glass plates, optical lenses or prisms. If the polarizer is bonded on one side to a glass display or another glass element by means of an organic adhesive, it is sufficient to protect its free surface by means of a silicate layer.
The silicate layers are preferably applied to the core layer and or tbe outer layers in 20 the form of an aqueous solution.
Suitable aqueous solutions of silicates are known aqueous solutions of sodium water glass and potassium water glass.
Conventional types of sodium water glass have solids contents of from 25 to 60%
by weight and SiO2 contents of from 20 to 40% by weight, the remainder of the 25 solids content being Na2O, and conventional types of potassium water glass have solids contents of from 25 to 40% by weight and SiO2 contents of from 20 to 30%
~ A-G5974-U~ 21~6~71 by weight, the remainder of the solids content being K2O. In order to obtain thinner silicate layers, these solutions can also be diluted with water.
The SiO2 contents are preferably as high as possible, i.e. the SiO2/Na20 weight ratio is preferably > 3 or the SiO2/K2O weight ratio is > 2.2.
S The use of the silicate layers means that it is U~ ,C~ uy to use organic adhesives, as described in large number in US 5,049, 427.
The silicate layers stabilize the properties of the PAC polarizer, even in a layer thickness of ~ 2 um. ~rom 100 mg to 2 g of water glass (solid)/m2 of area to be bonded are preferably required to give thermostable bonding of the laminate.
10 In the preferred embodiment, the core layer and/or outer layer are treated with a silane or borate before being coated with the silicate solution. This measure im-proves, in particular, the bond strengtb.
Suitable silanes conform to the formula:
Si(RI)n(R2)4-n 15 in which the Rl radicals, independently of one another, are halogen or alkoxy, the R2 radicals, independently of one another, are alkyl or alkenyl, and n is the number 2, 3 or 4.
Alkyl and alkoxy radicals Rl and R2 may be substituted.
20 Examples of suitable silanes are tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, methyltri-methoxysilane, dimethyldimethoxysilane, ethyltriethoxysilane, dimethyldichloro-silane, vinylmethyldichlorosilane and vinyltriethoxysilane. Silanes can also be mixed, for example emulsified, directly into the silicate solution.
Examples of suitable borates are boric acid and borax. Boric acid and borates can 25 also be mixed or dissolved directly into or in the water glass solution.
The SiO2 contents are preferably as high as possible, i.e. the SiO2/Na20 weight ratio is preferably > 3 or the SiO2/K2O weight ratio is > 2.2.
S The use of the silicate layers means that it is U~ ,C~ uy to use organic adhesives, as described in large number in US 5,049, 427.
The silicate layers stabilize the properties of the PAC polarizer, even in a layer thickness of ~ 2 um. ~rom 100 mg to 2 g of water glass (solid)/m2 of area to be bonded are preferably required to give thermostable bonding of the laminate.
10 In the preferred embodiment, the core layer and/or outer layer are treated with a silane or borate before being coated with the silicate solution. This measure im-proves, in particular, the bond strengtb.
Suitable silanes conform to the formula:
Si(RI)n(R2)4-n 15 in which the Rl radicals, independently of one another, are halogen or alkoxy, the R2 radicals, independently of one another, are alkyl or alkenyl, and n is the number 2, 3 or 4.
Alkyl and alkoxy radicals Rl and R2 may be substituted.
20 Examples of suitable silanes are tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, methyltri-methoxysilane, dimethyldimethoxysilane, ethyltriethoxysilane, dimethyldichloro-silane, vinylmethyldichlorosilane and vinyltriethoxysilane. Silanes can also be mixed, for example emulsified, directly into the silicate solution.
Examples of suitable borates are boric acid and borax. Boric acid and borates can 25 also be mixed or dissolved directly into or in the water glass solution.
AG5974-l~S 21566~:~
The silanes and borates are applied, in particular, by dipping the core layer and/or outer layer into a solution of the compound or, if the compound is liquid, into the pure compound and removing it again. The amount taken up is so small that it cannot reliably be determined by weighing, but is usually less than I g/m2 5 The outer layers have, for example, thicknesses of from S ,um to I mm, preferably from 20 to 200 ~m. The polarizing core layer has, for example, a thickness of from I to 200 um, preferably from 5 to 50 ,um.
Examples of outer layers are aromatic polyesters, polyacrylonitriles, poly(meth)-acrylates, p~ly~ul~llu.._s, aromatic puly~ Jo~aLl~s7 cellulose acetates, cellulose 10 a.,~,~ul,u~ylaL~7 polyamides, pulyl.y,' Al, polyimides, polyrAli~limi~1AAi pOIy para-phenyl~ .ul,;~h..idazoles and -oxazoles and polyether ketones, preference being given to polyesters, poly(meth)acrylates, poly~allJI and cellulose esters.The Llall~a~ ,y of these materials is their most important feature. They are generally employed in the form of films.
15 The polarizing core layer is a polarizer made from PAC-containing polymer products whose matrix is a polymer containing polar groups and which have a maximum degree of polarization P of at least 90%, preferably at least 95%, particularly preferably at least 9OO%, and a maximum dichroic ratio QE of S or more, preferably 10 or more, in both cases based on the region of visible light. These20 polarizers are employed in the form of films in which a preferential direction has been generated by stretching. The degree of stretching ~ is greater than 200%, preferably at least 400%, particularly preferably from 500% to 1000%.
The degree of polarization P for linear-polarized light and the degree of stretching ~ are defined as follows:
Transmission in the pass position minus transmission in the block position x 100 Transmission in the pass position plus transmission in the block position r;= x 100 21~671 A-~ 5~74-lJS
(I = length after stretching; IO = length before stretching) The production of PAC-containing polymer products is disclosed, for example, in US 5,049,427, in which acetylene is polymerized in a polymer solution in the presence of a suitable catalyst.
The silanes and borates are applied, in particular, by dipping the core layer and/or outer layer into a solution of the compound or, if the compound is liquid, into the pure compound and removing it again. The amount taken up is so small that it cannot reliably be determined by weighing, but is usually less than I g/m2 5 The outer layers have, for example, thicknesses of from S ,um to I mm, preferably from 20 to 200 ~m. The polarizing core layer has, for example, a thickness of from I to 200 um, preferably from 5 to 50 ,um.
Examples of outer layers are aromatic polyesters, polyacrylonitriles, poly(meth)-acrylates, p~ly~ul~llu.._s, aromatic puly~ Jo~aLl~s7 cellulose acetates, cellulose 10 a.,~,~ul,u~ylaL~7 polyamides, pulyl.y,' Al, polyimides, polyrAli~limi~1AAi pOIy para-phenyl~ .ul,;~h..idazoles and -oxazoles and polyether ketones, preference being given to polyesters, poly(meth)acrylates, poly~allJI and cellulose esters.The Llall~a~ ,y of these materials is their most important feature. They are generally employed in the form of films.
15 The polarizing core layer is a polarizer made from PAC-containing polymer products whose matrix is a polymer containing polar groups and which have a maximum degree of polarization P of at least 90%, preferably at least 95%, particularly preferably at least 9OO%, and a maximum dichroic ratio QE of S or more, preferably 10 or more, in both cases based on the region of visible light. These20 polarizers are employed in the form of films in which a preferential direction has been generated by stretching. The degree of stretching ~ is greater than 200%, preferably at least 400%, particularly preferably from 500% to 1000%.
The degree of polarization P for linear-polarized light and the degree of stretching ~ are defined as follows:
Transmission in the pass position minus transmission in the block position x 100 Transmission in the pass position plus transmission in the block position r;= x 100 21~671 A-~ 5~74-lJS
(I = length after stretching; IO = length before stretching) The production of PAC-containing polymer products is disclosed, for example, in US 5,049,427, in which acetylene is polymerized in a polymer solution in the presence of a suitable catalyst.
5 Examples of suitable polymers are polyvinylchloride, polyvinylbutyral, polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA), partially hydrolysed polyvinyl acetate (PVAC) and other vinyl alco-hol-containing (co)polymers, polyacrylonitrile, acrylonitrile-containing copolymers, polyvinylpyrolidone, methylcellulose and other cellulose denvatives, and poly-carbonate. Preference is given to solutions of PVA and partially hydrolysed PVAC.
10 Examples of solvents for the polymers are N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP)7 dimethyl-formamide (DMF), dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO), inter alia. The concentration of the polymer in the solvent is from I to 20% by weight, preferably from 2 to 10%
by weight.
The novel laminated polarizers are fli.~rin~ hf-d by a number of excellent 15 properties:
1. high light transmission, 2. a high degree of light fastness, 3. thermostability of the polarizing core layer, 4. excellent mechanical properties.
20 The novel polarizers are suitable for all areas of application in which po~arizing films or foils are used, in particular in optics (for example polarizing microscopes, photography, antireflection coating of sunglasses and ski goggles) and for displays, for example in watches, calculators, laptops, computers, indicators, projection displays, video games, camcorders and flat-screen TV sets.
25 At 80C, even llnl~nin^~d POLPAC films without stabilizers have good stability, the change in transmission (~T) after 500 hours at ~0C in air being 2-3% and the change in the degree of polarization (~P) being less than 1%.
~ A-G5~74-US - . 21~6671 In addibion to bhe polyacetylene, the novel polarizer can also contain addibonaldichroic substances, for example iodine or dichroic dyes. However, polyacetylenemakes up at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 80% by weight, of the totalamount of dichroic substances.
5 E~amPles E~ample I
A 700%-stretched POLPAC film having a layer thickness of 11 llm had a bansmission T of 38.7% at 600 nm and a degree of polarizabon P of 99.99%. After 500 hours at 80C, the trrnsmi~ n had risen to 41.7% and the degree of 10 polarization only dropped to 99.89%
l~xamPle 2 The same film as in Example I was kept at 90C. After only 270 hours, the bransmission at 600 nrn had risen by 5.1 percentage points while the degree of polarizabon had dropped by 1.84 percentage points 15 EYamPle 3 The POLPAC film was immersed in an aqueous sodium silicate solubon and then dried. The ~r;ln~mi~ion T at 600 nm was 36.3% and the degree of polarizabon P
was 99.95%. After 1446 hours at 90C, the values were virtually lln~nr~
T = 36.6%, P = 99.96%.
20 ExamPle 4 A polyvinyl alcohol/polyacetylene film (A) having a polyacetylene content of 1.5%
by weight was sbretched by about 600%. After stretching, the film had a thickness of 12 ,um.
This film was laminated as follows:
25 Cellulose triacetate (CTA) films with a thickness of about 100 ,um were coated on one side with sodium water glass. The above-described polyvinyl alcohollpoly-acetylene film was applied to bhe coated side of one of these CTA films coated with sodium water glass. A second cellulose briacetate film was applied by meansof iti sodium water glass-coated side to the free surface of the polyvinyl ~ A-~S974-US 21~71 alcohol/polyacetylene film. The film laminate was allowed to run through a rubber calender and was ~ IY cured for 10 minutes at 80C.
The optometric data were then measured using light with a wavelength of 600 nm:
T = 35 2%, P = 99.9%.
The values did not change after storage at 90C for 500 hours. After storage at 160C for 16 hours, the following values were measured: T = 35.1%, P = 99.9/0.
E~:lml~le 5 A POLPAC film was immersed for 5 minutes in a ~tit~h~lhw~y~ilanemlP solution containing 10% by weight of silane, and was dried and then bonded between 2 CTA films having a thickness of 100 llm. To this end, the POLPAC film was laid on a CTA film which had been coated on one side with a sodium silicate solution. A second CTA film which had likewise been coated with sodium silicate solution was then laid by means of the moist silicate layer on the still UII~JlUl~U~t;d POLPAC side, and the film laminate was pressed togetber through the rubber wallsof a calender and dried at 95C fûr 5 minutes. The laminate had high strength, forcible separation resulting in either disintegration of the core layer or tearing of the CTA film. The laminate was so flexible that it could be bent to and fro manytimes without breaking or losing its excellent thermostability.
The stability of the laminate film was tested at 12ûC. The tr~n~mi~inn~ measured at 600 nm, before the heat test was 36.6% with a degree of polarization of 99.9%.
After 1000 hours at 120C in air, T had only dropped to 36.1%, with the degree of polarization still at 99.9%.
10 Examples of solvents for the polymers are N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP)7 dimethyl-formamide (DMF), dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO), inter alia. The concentration of the polymer in the solvent is from I to 20% by weight, preferably from 2 to 10%
by weight.
The novel laminated polarizers are fli.~rin~ hf-d by a number of excellent 15 properties:
1. high light transmission, 2. a high degree of light fastness, 3. thermostability of the polarizing core layer, 4. excellent mechanical properties.
20 The novel polarizers are suitable for all areas of application in which po~arizing films or foils are used, in particular in optics (for example polarizing microscopes, photography, antireflection coating of sunglasses and ski goggles) and for displays, for example in watches, calculators, laptops, computers, indicators, projection displays, video games, camcorders and flat-screen TV sets.
25 At 80C, even llnl~nin^~d POLPAC films without stabilizers have good stability, the change in transmission (~T) after 500 hours at ~0C in air being 2-3% and the change in the degree of polarization (~P) being less than 1%.
~ A-G5~74-US - . 21~6671 In addibion to bhe polyacetylene, the novel polarizer can also contain addibonaldichroic substances, for example iodine or dichroic dyes. However, polyacetylenemakes up at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 80% by weight, of the totalamount of dichroic substances.
5 E~amPles E~ample I
A 700%-stretched POLPAC film having a layer thickness of 11 llm had a bansmission T of 38.7% at 600 nm and a degree of polarizabon P of 99.99%. After 500 hours at 80C, the trrnsmi~ n had risen to 41.7% and the degree of 10 polarization only dropped to 99.89%
l~xamPle 2 The same film as in Example I was kept at 90C. After only 270 hours, the bransmission at 600 nrn had risen by 5.1 percentage points while the degree of polarizabon had dropped by 1.84 percentage points 15 EYamPle 3 The POLPAC film was immersed in an aqueous sodium silicate solubon and then dried. The ~r;ln~mi~ion T at 600 nm was 36.3% and the degree of polarizabon P
was 99.95%. After 1446 hours at 90C, the values were virtually lln~nr~
T = 36.6%, P = 99.96%.
20 ExamPle 4 A polyvinyl alcohol/polyacetylene film (A) having a polyacetylene content of 1.5%
by weight was sbretched by about 600%. After stretching, the film had a thickness of 12 ,um.
This film was laminated as follows:
25 Cellulose triacetate (CTA) films with a thickness of about 100 ,um were coated on one side with sodium water glass. The above-described polyvinyl alcohollpoly-acetylene film was applied to bhe coated side of one of these CTA films coated with sodium water glass. A second cellulose briacetate film was applied by meansof iti sodium water glass-coated side to the free surface of the polyvinyl ~ A-~S974-US 21~71 alcohol/polyacetylene film. The film laminate was allowed to run through a rubber calender and was ~ IY cured for 10 minutes at 80C.
The optometric data were then measured using light with a wavelength of 600 nm:
T = 35 2%, P = 99.9%.
The values did not change after storage at 90C for 500 hours. After storage at 160C for 16 hours, the following values were measured: T = 35.1%, P = 99.9/0.
E~:lml~le 5 A POLPAC film was immersed for 5 minutes in a ~tit~h~lhw~y~ilanemlP solution containing 10% by weight of silane, and was dried and then bonded between 2 CTA films having a thickness of 100 llm. To this end, the POLPAC film was laid on a CTA film which had been coated on one side with a sodium silicate solution. A second CTA film which had likewise been coated with sodium silicate solution was then laid by means of the moist silicate layer on the still UII~JlUl~U~t;d POLPAC side, and the film laminate was pressed togetber through the rubber wallsof a calender and dried at 95C fûr 5 minutes. The laminate had high strength, forcible separation resulting in either disintegration of the core layer or tearing of the CTA film. The laminate was so flexible that it could be bent to and fro manytimes without breaking or losing its excellent thermostability.
The stability of the laminate film was tested at 12ûC. The tr~n~mi~inn~ measured at 600 nm, before the heat test was 36.6% with a degree of polarization of 99.9%.
After 1000 hours at 120C in air, T had only dropped to 36.1%, with the degree of polarization still at 99.9%.
Claims (19)
1. A thermostable, flexible polarizer having a polariz-ing layer of a polyacetylene-containing polymer and having silicate-sealed surfaces.
2. The polarizer of claim 1, wherein the sealing of the surface is carried out by means of silicate solution.
3. The polarizer of claim 2, wherein the sealing of the surface is carried out by means of sodium water glass or potassium water glass.
4. The polarizer of claim 3, wherein the sealing of the surface is carried out by means of from 100 mg to 2 g of water glass (solid)/m2 of area to be sealed.
5. The polarizer of claim 1, which additionally has transparent, flexible outer layers applied to both sides and bonded to the polarizing layer by means of silicate layers.
6. The polarizer of claim 2, wherein the polarizing layer or outer layers are treated with a silane or a borate before coating with the silicate solution.
7. The polarizer of claim 2, wherein the silicate solution is admixed with a silane or borate.
8. The polarizer of claim 6, wherein the silane conforms to the formula Si(R1)n(R2)4-n in which the R1 radicals, independently of one another, are halogen or alkoxy, the R2 radicals, independently of one another, are alkyl or alkenyl, and n is the number 2, 3 or 4.
9. The polarizer of claim 6, wherein the silane is selected from the group consisting of tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, methyltrimethoxysilane, dimethyldimethoxy-silane, ethyltriethoxysilane, dimethyldichlorosilane, vinyl-methyldichlorosilane and vinyl triethoxysilane.
10. The polarizer of claim 1, having an outer layer thickness of from 5 µm to 1 mm and a polarizing core layer thickness of from 1 to 200 µm.
11. The polarizer of claim 1, having an outer layer thickness of from 20 to 200 µm and a polarizing core layer thickness of from 5 to 50 µm.
12. The polarizer of claim 1, having an outer layer of an aromatic polyester, a polyacrylonitrile, a poly(meth)-acrylate, a polysulphone, an aromatic polycarbonate, a cellulose acetate, a cellulose acetobutyrate, a polyamide, a polyhydantoin, a polyimlde, a polyamidimide, poly-para-phenylenebenzobisimidazole, a poly-para-phenylenebenzbis-oxazole or a polyether ketone.
13. The polarizer of claim 1, having an outer layer of a polyester, a poly(meth)acrylate, a polycarbonate or a cellulose ester.
14. The polarizer of claim 1, having a polarizing core layer which has a maximum degree of polarization of at least 90% of visible light.
15. The polarizer of claim 14, wherein the maximum degree of polarization is at least 95% of visible light.
16. The polarizer of claim 14, wherein the maximum degree of polarization is at least 98% of visible light.
17. The polarizer of claim 1, wherein the polymer is polyvinylchloride, polyvinylbutyral, polyvinylalcohol, partially hydrolysed polyvinyl acetate, polyacrylonitrile, an acrylonitrile-containing copolymer, polyvinylpyrolidone, methylcellulose or polycarbonate.
18. The polarizer of claim 1, wherein the polymer is at least partly polyvinyl alcohol.
19. The polarizer of claim 1, which contains an additional dichroic substance.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19944430096 DE4430096A1 (en) | 1994-08-25 | 1994-08-25 | Thermostable polarizers |
| DEP4430096.4 | 1994-08-25 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2156671A1 true CA2156671A1 (en) | 1996-02-26 |
Family
ID=6526500
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2156671 Abandoned CA2156671A1 (en) | 1994-08-25 | 1995-08-22 | Thermostable polarizers |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5676885A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0703470B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH0868908A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1065633C (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2156671A1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4430096A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI953952A (en) |
| TW (1) | TW327675B (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5867316A (en) * | 1996-02-29 | 1999-02-02 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Multilayer film having a continuous and disperse phase |
| GB9806313D0 (en) * | 1997-06-28 | 1998-05-20 | Sharp Kk | Method of making a spatial light modulator method of making a cell wall for a spatial light modulator spatial light modulator and cell wall for such aspatial |
| US6005713A (en) * | 1998-08-21 | 1999-12-21 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Multilayer polarizer having a continuous and disperse phase |
| US7329434B2 (en) * | 2005-02-23 | 2008-02-12 | Eastman Kodak Company | Polarizing layer with adherent protective layer |
| DE102010043200A1 (en) * | 2010-02-10 | 2011-08-11 | Johnson Controls Automotive Electronics GmbH, 75196 | Display element for a display unit in a vehicle |
| CN104212386B (en) | 2010-03-05 | 2017-01-11 | 日东电工株式会社 | Adhesive for polarizing plate, polarizing plate, method for producing same, optical film, and image display device |
| EP2889671B1 (en) * | 2012-08-21 | 2020-11-04 | Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc. | Polarizing lens for sunglasses |
| KR20210063325A (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2021-06-01 | 닛토덴코 가부시키가이샤 | Polarizing plate, manufacturing method thereof, and image display device including the polarizing plate |
| CN110609643B (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2021-02-23 | 武汉华星光电半导体显示技术有限公司 | Touch structure and display panel |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4866147A (en) * | 1985-07-30 | 1989-09-12 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Soluble silylated polyacetylene derivatives and their use as percursors to novel polyacetylene-type polymers |
| US4812520A (en) * | 1985-07-30 | 1989-03-14 | The Unites States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Method for the preparation of novel polyacetylene-type polymers |
| DE3615765A1 (en) * | 1986-05-10 | 1987-11-12 | Bayer Ag | POLYACETYLENE-BASED POLARISATORS AND THEIR PRODUCTION |
| US4818624A (en) | 1986-12-19 | 1989-04-04 | Polaroid Corporation, Patent Department | Stabilized light-polarizing material |
| DE3905027A1 (en) * | 1988-12-21 | 1990-06-28 | Bayer Ag | HIGHLY EFFECTIVE POLARIZERS |
| DE3842968A1 (en) | 1988-12-21 | 1990-06-28 | Bayer Ag | LAMINATED POLARISATORS |
| DE3905519A1 (en) * | 1989-02-23 | 1990-08-30 | Bayer Ag | HIGHLY EFFECTIVE POLARIZERS |
| EP0511590B1 (en) * | 1991-04-30 | 1997-10-15 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Functional laminated chemically adsorbed films and methods of manufacturing the same |
-
1994
- 1994-08-25 DE DE19944430096 patent/DE4430096A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1995
- 1995-07-25 TW TW084107663A patent/TW327675B/en active
- 1995-08-14 EP EP19950112762 patent/EP0703470B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-08-14 DE DE59509835T patent/DE59509835D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-08-17 JP JP23068795A patent/JPH0868908A/en not_active Ceased
- 1995-08-18 US US08/516,888 patent/US5676885A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-08-22 CA CA 2156671 patent/CA2156671A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-08-23 FI FI953952A patent/FI953952A/en unknown
- 1995-08-25 CN CN95116628A patent/CN1065633C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US5676885A (en) | 1997-10-14 |
| EP0703470A1 (en) | 1996-03-27 |
| CN1140842A (en) | 1997-01-22 |
| CN1065633C (en) | 2001-05-09 |
| TW327675B (en) | 1998-03-01 |
| FI953952A0 (en) | 1995-08-23 |
| FI953952A (en) | 1996-02-26 |
| DE4430096A1 (en) | 1996-02-29 |
| EP0703470B1 (en) | 2001-11-14 |
| DE59509835D1 (en) | 2001-12-20 |
| JPH0868908A (en) | 1996-03-12 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |